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FB2025_05
,
released December 11, 2025
l(3)00305, Autophagy-specific gene 1, unc-51, ULK1, DK-4
lipid transport function - transports short fatty acyl chain phosphatidylethanolamine species - a potential tether between ER and phagophores - transports lipids from the ER to promote autophagosome biogenesis - promotes mitochondrial health and muscle and heart function - a candidate genetic modifier of the eye pigmentation phenotype of carmine mutants
Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Atg1 for information on other features
To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.45
None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Atg1 using the Feature Mapper tool.
The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).
Comment: maternally deposited
Comment: reported as salivary gland primordium
Atg1 transcripts are detected at all developmental stages on northern blots. They are detected in heads but not bodies of adult flies.
qRT-PCR of adult female heads assayed at weekly intervals shows that transcript levels remain fairly constant.
Atg1 transcripts are widely distributed in stage 2 embryos and continue to be expressed throughout embryogenesis. They become increasingly concentrated in the nervous system.
Comment: increased upon starvation
Ubiquitous basal expression of Atg1 is observed in most parts of the larval brain. Elevated expression is observed in several regions including the optic lobe, and in the cell bodies, the core of the lobes, and the peduncle of the mushroom bodies. Sparse signal is also detected in the calyx and in the outer layers of the peduncle. Atg1 is preferentially expressed in the core fibers. It is enriched in the newly differentiated neurons that located at the interface of the ganglion mother cells and the postmitotic neurons that express dac, a marker of differentiation.
Atg1 is observed in the neurons of the eyes and optic lamina in frozen adult sections. In the larval CNS it is expressed in the neuropils of the optic lobe anlagen and also in the motor axons that project from the ventral ganglion of the CNS. It is also detected in specific unidentified cells in each hemisegment of the ventral gangion.
JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\Atg1 in JBrowse3-39
3-33.2
Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
polyclonal
Neuromuscular junction overgrowth caused by Atg1 overexpression is primarily caused by elevated levels of autophagy.
Loss of function of unc-51 results in a reduced rate of locomotion.
When dsRNA constructs are made and transiently transfected into S2 cells in RNAi experiments, a whole range of mitotic abnormalities, spindle abnormalities, centrosome abnormalities, chromosome abnormalities are seen.
This protein has 58% identities and 71% similarities to the C.elegans protein kinase unc-51 and 40% identities and 50% similarities with human ULK-1. Using an antibody against a unc-51-GST fusion protein, fluorescence staining in the third instar larvae brains show staining in the motor axons extending from the central nervous system.
dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.
Area matching Drosophila EST AI062265. This EST forms a1475bp contig with ESTs AA694862 and AI064128 and has sequence similarity to C. elegans UNC51 gene. Probable intron in gene represented by EST AI062265.
Area matching Drosophila EST AA539224 (inverted).
Source for merge of: Atg1 unc-51
Source for merge of: l(3)00305 CG10967
Source for merge of: Atg1 anon-WO0118547.287
The gene corresponding to the CG17667 annotation was previously mistakenly renamed to "Pegarn" in FlyBase. "Pegarn" does not correspond to the CG17667 annotation, but instead corresponds to the "Atg1" gene. The information about "Pegarn" has thus been included under the "Atg1" gene, and the gene corresponding to the CG17667 annotation has been renamed CG42709 in release 5.26 of the genome annotation to avoid confusion.
Source for merge of l(3)00305 CG10967 was a shared cDNA ( date:030206 ).
Source for merge of Atg1 anon-WO0118547.287 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).
Source for identity of: atg1 l(3)00305
The gene is named "Pegarn" which is a Thai word, meaning "unable to function normally since some part is missing".
