A Database of Drosophila Genes & Genomes

FB2012_01, released January 20th, 2012
 

Gene Dmel\mwh

General Information
SymbolDmel\mwhSpeciesD. melanogaster
Namemultiple wing hairsAnnotation symbolCG13913
Feature typeprotein_coding_geneFlyBase IDFBgn0260963
Gene Model StatusCurrent Stock availability 316 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)3LRecombination map
Cytogenetic map61F4-61F4Sequence location3L:1,208,425..1,232,701 [+]

Genomic Maps

GBrowse View Help
modENCODE GBrowse
detailed view
hide Summary Information
Automatically generated summary

See sections below for more information
The gene multiple wing hairs is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\mwh (CG13913, FBgn0260963). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. An electronic pipeline based on InterPro domains suggests that it has the molecular function: actin binding; Rho GTPase binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: imaginal disc-derived wing hair site selection; negative regulation of actin filament polymerization; imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis; imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization. 18 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: trichogen cell; mesothoracic tergum; wing cell; actin filament; microchaeta; wing hair; denticle belt. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Armadillo-type fold; Diaphanous FH3; Diaphanous GTPase-binding; GTPase-binding/formin homology 3. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-18 embryonic stages, during late pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1638492_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of mwh. Gene sequence location is 3L:1208425..1232701.

hide Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage
mwh: multiple wing hairs
thumb
mwh: multiple wing hairs
Wing hairs. Left: wild type. Right: mwh. A. Di Pasquale, unpublished.
Affects the trichomes (hairs) of all body regions in the same general way: An increase in the number of elements is correlated with a reduction in length and a disturbance of orientation. Aristae and bracts are included in this pattern; bristles and other sensilla are not. Wing cells contain groups of 2-7 hairs instead of one hair per cell as in wild type; causes supernumerary trichomes over entire integument, but tufts of trichomes only in wing blade (Ouweneel, 1970, Genetica 41: 1-20); may be supernumerary hairs and sensilla on halteres (Ouweneel and van der Meer, 1972, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Entwicklungsmech. Org. 172: 149-61). Also causes disruption of polarity in legs, wings, and halteres; may disrupt orientation of hairs on leg without affecting their numbers (Bryant and Schneiderman, 1969, Dev. Biol. 20: 263-90); trichomes on wings tend to diverge from vein L3 rather than parallel it as in wild type (Gubb and Garcia-Bellido, 1982, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 68: 37-57). mwh/+ develop mwh phenotype following heat shock at or just prior to the time of cell-hair-extrusion (Mitchell and Petersen, 1984, Genetics 107: s74). Transplants of mutant wing disks to wild-type hosts develop autonomously (Ursprung and Hadorn, 1962, Dev. Biol. 4: 40-60). Widely used as a cell marker in the analysis of cuticular clones. The frequency of mwh spots after somatic recombination in mwh/+ flies increases with increase in the temperature at which the larvae and pupae are raised (Graf, 1986, DIS 63: 65). RK1.
*mwhsemi: multiple wing hairs-semi
Like mwh except that the groups of wing hairs are restricted to wing margins. Cells of wing surface between second and fifth longitudinal veins have single hair with only an occasional group. mwhsemi/mwh is like mwhsemi/mwhsemi. RK1.
hide Recent Updates
Description
What does this section display?
This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms).
What does this section not display?
This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed
Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2011_10
References
Controlled Vocabulary Terms
FB2012_01
Sequence features
All updates Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
hide Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
61F4-61F4  
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0596705967 and P{PZ}l(3)0264002640  
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Mapped by difference of T(1;3)scJ4-mwh and T(1;3)scJ4-ru distances, using y+ as marker.
hide Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\mwh for information on other features
To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
detailed view FBtr0100077 FBtr0308645 FBtr0072628 FBtr0072632 FBtr0072629 FBtr0072634 FBtr0072630 FBtr0072633 FBtr0072631 FBtr0100006 FBtr0100007 FBpp0300868 FBpp0099433 FBpp0072524 FBpp0072525 FBpp0072530 FBpp0072526 FBpp0072529 FBpp0072527 FBpp0072528 FBpp0099381 FBpp0099382 FBti0114828 FBti0070582 FBti0011740 FBti0070681 FBti0054559 FBti0108061 FBti0011742 FBti0075680 FBti0065612 FBti0127672 FBti0114292 FBti0075644 FBti0131563
Comments on Gene Model
DGC clone SD18376 appears problematic: unspliced intron
hide Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Associated CDS (aa)
FBtr0072632
  3550
  836
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
hide Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank protein
mwh-PA  
FBpp0072528  
91.0  
836  
7.62  
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
hide Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank
DNA sequence
Protein sequence
Name
 
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
hide Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details.
Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports.
Type
Symbol & Location
Additional Notes
References
hide External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
hide Expression Data
hideTranscript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
hidePolypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Comment:from 30 hours APF on
Comment:from 30 hours APF on
Additional Descriptive Data
mwh protein was observed in wing cells after 30 hours APF. It was observed in an uneven zigzag staining pattern at the cell periphery and accumulates near adherens junctions. It accumulates in both growing and emerging wing hairs and accumulates preferentially in the proximal part of the hair and not in the base at that time. Later in hair morphogenesis (after 36 hr APF), it accumulates preferentially in the base of the hairs.
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
hide High-Throughput Expression Data
or
Untitled Document detailed view LysB-RA mwh-RA LysC-RA LysD-RA LysE-RA LysP-RA LysS-RA CG33965-RA
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0260963


   Styles
Linear
Logarithmic
Heatmap
   Scales
max expr for FBgn0260963
Very low expression bin max
Moderate expression bin max
High expression bin max
Extremely high expression bin max

Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-18 embryonic stages, during late pupal stages.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
 
No expression (0 - 0)
 
Extremely low expression (1 - 10)
 
Very low expression (11 - 100)
 
Low expression (101 - 400)
 
Moderate expression (401 - 1400)
 
Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)
 
High expression (4001 - 10000)
 
Very high expression (10001 - 100000)
 
Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000)

Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0260963 expression level
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 20
embryo 02-04hr
 
 26
embryo 04-06hr
 
 43
embryo 06-08hr
 
 274
embryo 08-10hr
 
 431
embryo 10-12hr
 
 1203
embryo 12-14hr
 
 2180
embryo 14-16hr
 
 2423
embryo 16-18hr
 
 612
embryo 18-20hr
 
 402
embryo 20-22hr
 
 130
embryo 22-24hr
 
 131
larva L1
 
 129
larva L2
 
 1198
larva L3 12hr old
 
 239
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 66
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 47
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 78
white prepupae new
 
 109
white prepupae 12hr
 
 303
white prepupae 24hr
 
 568
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 3849
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 615
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 214
adult male 01day
 
 289
adult male 05day
 
 266
adult male 30day
 
 292
adult female 01day
 
 168
adult female 05day
 
 47
adult female 30day
 
 61
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
Linear, scaled to Very low expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 20
embryo 02-04hr
 
 26
embryo 04-06hr
 
 43
embryo 06-08hr
 (274)
embryo 08-10hr
 (431)
embryo 10-12hr
 (1203)
embryo 12-14hr
 (2180)
embryo 14-16hr
 (2423)
embryo 16-18hr
 (612)
embryo 18-20hr
 (402)
embryo 20-22hr
 (130)
embryo 22-24hr
 (131)
larva L1
 (129)
larva L2
 (1198)
larva L3 12hr old
 (239)
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 66
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 47
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 78
white prepupae new
 (109)
white prepupae 12hr
 (303)
white prepupae 24hr
 (568)
pupae 2d postWPP
 (3849)
pupae 3d postWPP
 (615)
pupae 4d postWPP
 (214)
adult male 01day
 (289)
adult male 05day
 (266)
adult male 30day
 (292)
adult female 01day
 (168)
adult female 05day
 
 47
adult female 30day
 
 61
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 20
embryo 02-04hr
 
 26
embryo 04-06hr
 
 43
embryo 06-08hr
 
 274
embryo 08-10hr
 
 431
embryo 10-12hr
 
 1203
embryo 12-14hr
 (2180)
embryo 14-16hr
 (2423)
embryo 16-18hr
 
 612
embryo 18-20hr
 
 402
embryo 20-22hr
 
 130
embryo 22-24hr
 
 131
larva L1
 
 129
larva L2
 
 1198
larva L3 12hr old
 
 239
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 66
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 47
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 78
white prepupae new
 
 109
white prepupae 12hr
 
 303
white prepupae 24hr
 
 568
pupae 2d postWPP
 (3849)
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 615
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 214
adult male 01day
 
 289
adult male 05day
 
 266
adult male 30day
 
 292
adult female 01day
 
 168
adult female 05day
 
 47
adult female 30day
 
 61
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
Linear, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 20
embryo 02-04hr
 
 26
embryo 04-06hr
 
 43
embryo 06-08hr
 
 274
embryo 08-10hr
 
 431
embryo 10-12hr
 
 1203
embryo 12-14hr
 
 2180
embryo 14-16hr
 
 2423
embryo 16-18hr
 
 612
embryo 18-20hr
 
 402
embryo 20-22hr
 
 130
embryo 22-24hr
 
 131
larva L1
 
 129
larva L2
 
 1198
larva L3 12hr old
 
 239
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 66
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 47
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 78
white prepupae new
 
 109
white prepupae 12hr
 
 303
white prepupae 24hr
 
 568
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 3849
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 615
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 214
adult male 01day
 
 289
adult male 05day
 
 266
adult male 30day
 
 292
adult female 01day
 
 168
adult female 05day
 
 47
adult female 30day
 
 61
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 20
embryo 02-04hr
 
 26
embryo 04-06hr
 
 43
embryo 06-08hr
 
 274
embryo 08-10hr
 
 431
embryo 10-12hr
 
 1203
embryo 12-14hr
 
 2180
embryo 14-16hr
 
 2423
embryo 16-18hr
 
 612
embryo 18-20hr
 
 402
embryo 20-22hr
 
 130
embryo 22-24hr
 
 131
larva L1
 
 129
larva L2
 
 1198
larva L3 12hr old
 
 239
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 66
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 47
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 78
white prepupae new
 
 109
white prepupae 12hr
 
 303
white prepupae 24hr
 
 568
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 3849
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 615
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 214
adult male 01day
 
 289
adult male 05day
 
 266
adult male 30day
 
 292
adult female 01day
 
 168
adult female 05day
 
 47
adult female 30day
 
 61
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
 Extremely high 
log, scaled to maximum FBgn0260963 expression level
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 20
embryo 02-04hr
 
 26
embryo 04-06hr
 
 43
embryo 06-08hr
 
 274
embryo 08-10hr
 
 431
embryo 10-12hr
 
 1203
embryo 12-14hr
 
 2180
embryo 14-16hr
 
 2423
embryo 16-18hr
 
 612
embryo 18-20hr
 
 402
embryo 20-22hr
 
 130
embryo 22-24hr
 
 131
larva L1
 
 129
larva L2
 
 1198
larva L3 12hr old
 
 239
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 66
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 47
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 78
white prepupae new
 
 109
white prepupae 12hr
 
 303
white prepupae 24hr
 
 568
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 3849
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 615
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 214
adult male 01day
 
 289
adult male 05day
 
 266
adult male 30day
 
 292
adult female 01day
 
 168
adult female 05day
 
 47
adult female 30day
 
 61
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
log, scaled to Very low expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 20
embryo 02-04hr
 
 26
embryo 04-06hr
 
 43
embryo 06-08hr
 (274)
embryo 08-10hr
 (431)
embryo 10-12hr
 (1203)
embryo 12-14hr
 (2180)
embryo 14-16hr
 (2423)
embryo 16-18hr
 (612)
embryo 18-20hr
 (402)
embryo 20-22hr
 130
embryo 22-24hr
 131
larva L1
 129
larva L2
 (1198)
larva L3 12hr old
 (239)
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 66
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 47
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 78
white prepupae new
 109
white prepupae 12hr
 (303)
white prepupae 24hr
 (568)
pupae 2d postWPP
 (3849)
pupae 3d postWPP
 (615)
pupae 4d postWPP
 (214)
adult male 01day
 (289)
adult male 05day
 (266)
adult male 30day
 (292)
adult female 01day
 (168)
adult female 05day
 
 47
adult female 30day
 
 61
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 20
embryo 02-04hr
 
 26
embryo 04-06hr
 
 43
embryo 06-08hr
 
 274
embryo 08-10hr
 
 431
embryo 10-12hr
 
 1203
embryo 12-14hr
 2180
embryo 14-16hr
 2423
embryo 16-18hr
 
 612
embryo 18-20hr
 
 402
embryo 20-22hr
 
 130
embryo 22-24hr
 
 131
larva L1
 
 129
larva L2
 
 1198
larva L3 12hr old
 
 239
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 66
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 47
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 78
white prepupae new
 
 109
white prepupae 12hr
 
 303
white prepupae 24hr
 
 568
pupae 2d postWPP
 (3849)
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 615
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 214
adult male 01day
 
 289
adult male 05day
 
 266
adult male 30day
 
 292
adult female 01day
 
 168
adult female 05day
 
 47
adult female 30day
 
 61
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
log, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 20
embryo 02-04hr
 
 26
embryo 04-06hr
 
 43
embryo 06-08hr
 
 274
embryo 08-10hr
 
 431
embryo 10-12hr
 
 1203
embryo 12-14hr
 
 2180
embryo 14-16hr
 
 2423
embryo 16-18hr
 
 612
embryo 18-20hr
 
 402
embryo 20-22hr
 
 130
embryo 22-24hr
 
 131
larva L1
 
 129
larva L2
 
 1198
larva L3 12hr old
 
 239
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 66
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 47
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 78
white prepupae new
 
 109
white prepupae 12hr
 
 303
white prepupae 24hr
 
 568
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 3849
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 615
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 214
adult male 01day
 
 289
adult male 05day
 
 266
adult male 30day
 
 292
adult female 01day
 
 168
adult female 05day
 
 47
adult female 30day
 
 61
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 20
embryo 02-04hr
 
 26
embryo 04-06hr
 
 43
embryo 06-08hr
 
 274
embryo 08-10hr
 
 431
embryo 10-12hr
 
 1203
embryo 12-14hr
 
 2180
embryo 14-16hr
 
 2423
embryo 16-18hr
 
 612
embryo 18-20hr
 
 402
embryo 20-22hr
 
 130
embryo 22-24hr
 
 131
larva L1
 
 129
larva L2
 
 1198
larva L3 12hr old
 
 239
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 66
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 47
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 78
white prepupae new
 
 109
white prepupae 12hr
 
 303
white prepupae 24hr
 
 568
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 3849
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 615
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 214
adult male 01day
 
 289
adult male 05day
 
 266
adult male 30day
 
 292
adult female 01day
 
 168
adult female 05day
 
 47
adult female 30day
 
 61
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Extremely low 
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
 Extremely high 
Heatmap
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 
embryo 02-04hr
 
 
embryo 04-06hr
 
 
embryo 06-08hr
 
 
embryo 08-10hr
 
 
embryo 10-12hr
 
 
embryo 12-14hr
 
 
embryo 14-16hr
 
 
embryo 16-18hr
 
 
embryo 18-20hr
 
 
embryo 20-22hr
 
 
embryo 22-24hr
 
 
larva L1
 
 
larva L2
 
 
larva L3 12hr old
 
 
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 
white prepupae new
 
 
white prepupae 12hr
 
 
white prepupae 24hr
 
 
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 
adult male 01day
 
 
adult male 05day
 
 
adult male 30day
 
 
adult female 01day
 
 
adult female 05day
 
 
adult female 30day
 
 

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0260963


   Styles
Linear
Logarithmic
Heatmap
Back-to-back
   Scales
max expr for FBgn0260963
Moderate expression bin max
High level expression bin max
Very high expression bin max

Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors
 
No expression (0 - 9.999)
 
Low expression (10 - 99.999)
 
Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)
 
High level expression (500 - 999.999)
 
Very high expression (1000 - 25000)

Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0260963 expression level
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 0.825
Larval Midgut no informative data
Larval Hindgut
 
 5
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 0.8
Larval Fat Body
 
 2
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 1.2
Larval Trachea
 
 6.075
Larval Carcass no informative data
Adult Head no informative data
Adult Eye
 
 75.275
Adult Brain
 
 1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 1.8
Adult Crop
 
 1.6
Adult Midgut no informative data
Adult Hindgut
 
 1.3
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 8.9
Adult Fat Body
 
 3.7
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 3.1
Adult Heart
 
 3.15
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 1.2
Adult Ovary
 
 0.7
Adult Testis
 
 1.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data
Adult Carcass
 
 7.9
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Low 
 Moderate 
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 0.825
Larval Midgut no informative data
Larval Hindgut
 
 5
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 0.8
Larval Fat Body
 
 2
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 1.2
Larval Trachea
 
 6.075
Larval Carcass no informative data
Adult Head no informative data
Adult Eye
 
 75.275
Adult Brain
 
 1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 1.8
Adult Crop
 
 1.6
Adult Midgut no informative data
Adult Hindgut
 
 1.3
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 8.9
Adult Fat Body
 
 3.7
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 3.1
Adult Heart
 
 3.15
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 1.2
Adult Ovary
 
 0.7
Adult Testis
 
 1.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data
Adult Carcass
 
 7.9
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 High 
Linear, scaled to High level expression
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 0.825
Larval Midgut no informative data
Larval Hindgut
 
 5
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 0.8
Larval Fat Body
 
 2
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 1.2
Larval Trachea
 
 6.075
Larval Carcass no informative data
Adult Head no informative data
Adult Eye
 
 75.275
Adult Brain
 
 1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 1.8
Adult Crop
 
 1.6
Adult Midgut no informative data
Adult Hindgut
 
 1.3
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 8.9
Adult Fat Body
 
 3.7
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 3.1
Adult Heart
 
 3.15
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 1.2
Adult Ovary
 
 0.7
Adult Testis
 
 1.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data
Adult Carcass
 
 7.9
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 High 
 Very high 
Linear, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 0.825
Larval Midgut no informative data
Larval Hindgut
 
 5
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 0.8
Larval Fat Body
 
 2
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 1.2
Larval Trachea
 
 6.075
Larval Carcass no informative data
Adult Head no informative data
Adult Eye
 
 75.275
Adult Brain
 
 1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 1.8
Adult Crop
 
 1.6
Adult Midgut no informative data
Adult Hindgut
 
 1.3
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 8.9
Adult Fat Body
 
 3.7
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 3.1
Adult Heart
 
 3.15
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 1.2
Adult Ovary
 
 0.7
Adult Testis
 
 1.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data
Adult Carcass
 
 7.9
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 High 
 Very high 
log, scaled to maximum FBgn0260963 expression level
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 0.825
Larval Midgut no informative data
Larval Hindgut
 
 5
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 0.8
Larval Fat Body
 
 2
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 1.2
Larval Trachea
 
 6.075
Larval Carcass no informative data
Adult Head no informative data
Adult Eye
 
 75.275
Adult Brain
 
 1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 1.8
Adult Crop
 
 1.6
Adult Midgut no informative data
Adult Hindgut
 
 1.3
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 8.9
Adult Fat Body
 
 3.7
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 3.1
Adult Heart
 
 3.15
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 1.2
Adult Ovary
 
 0.7
Adult Testis
 
 1.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data
Adult Carcass
 
 7.9
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Low 
 Moderate 
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 0.825
Larval Midgut no informative data
Larval Hindgut
 
 5
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 0.8
Larval Fat Body
 
 2
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 1.2
Larval Trachea
 
 6.075
Larval Carcass no informative data
Adult Head no informative data
Adult Eye
 
 75.275
Adult Brain
 
 1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 1.8
Adult Crop
 
 1.6
Adult Midgut no informative data
Adult Hindgut
 
 1.3
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 8.9
Adult Fat Body
 
 3.7
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 3.1
Adult Heart
 
 3.15
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 1.2
Adult Ovary
 
 0.7
Adult Testis
 
 1.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data
Adult Carcass
 
 7.9
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 High 
log, scaled to High level expression
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 0.825
Larval Midgut no informative data
Larval Hindgut
 
 5
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 0.8
Larval Fat Body
 
 2
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 1.2
Larval Trachea
 
 6.075
Larval Carcass no informative data
Adult Head no informative data
Adult Eye
 
 75.275
Adult Brain
 
 1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 1.8
Adult Crop
 
 1.6
Adult Midgut no informative data
Adult Hindgut
 
 1.3
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 8.9
Adult Fat Body
 
 3.7
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 3.1
Adult Heart
 
 3.15
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 1.2
Adult Ovary
 
 0.7
Adult Testis
 
 1.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data
Adult Carcass
 
 7.9
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 High 
 Very high 
log, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 0.825
Larval Midgut no informative data
Larval Hindgut
 
 5
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 0.8
Larval Fat Body
 
 2
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 1.2
Larval Trachea
 
 6.075
Larval Carcass no informative data
Adult Head no informative data
Adult Eye
 
 75.275
Adult Brain
 
 1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 1.8
Adult Crop
 
 1.6
Adult Midgut no informative data
Adult Hindgut
 
 1.3
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 8.9
Adult Fat Body
 
 3.7
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 3.1
Adult Heart
 
 3.15
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 1.2
Adult Ovary
 
 0.7
Adult Testis
 
 1.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data
Adult Carcass
 
 7.9
Expression Level Scale
 None 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 High 
 Very high 
Heatmap
Tissue   Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
 
 
Larval Midgut no informative data
Larval Hindgut
 
 
Larval Malpighian Tubules
 
 
Larval Fat Body
 
 
Larval Salivary Gland
 
 
Larval Trachea
 
 
Larval Carcass no informative data
Adult Head no informative data
Adult Eye
 
 
Adult Brain
 
 
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 
Adult Crop
 
 
Adult Midgut no informative data
Adult Hindgut
 
 
Adult Malpighian Tubules
 
 
Adult Fat Body
 
 
Adult Salivary Gland
 
 
Adult Heart
 
 
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 
Adult Ovary
 
 
Adult Testis
 
 
Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data
Adult Carcass
 
 

FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult
Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level
 
NA 
Head
 
 no informative data
 
NA 
Eye
 
 75.275
 
NA 
Brain
 
 1
 
0.825 
Central Nervous System
 
 NA
 
NA 
Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
 
 1.8
 
NA 
Crop
 
 1.6
 
no informative data 
Midgut
 
 no informative data
 
Hindgut
 
 1.3
 
0.8 
Malpighian Tubules
 
 8.9
 
Fat Body
 
 3.7
 
1.2 
Salivary Gland
 
 3.1
 
NA 
Heart
 
 3.15
 
6.075 
Trachea
 
 NA
 
NA 
VirginFemale Spermatheca
 
 3.1
 
NA 
InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
 
 1.2
 
NA 
Ovary
 
 0.7
 
NA 
Testis
 
 1.2
 
NA 
Male Accessory Gland
 
 no informative data
 
no informative data 
Carcass
 
 7.9

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
hide Expression Clusters
A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development.
hide External Data & Images
Linkouts
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
hide Alleles & Phenotypes
hide Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
microchaeta & wing
trichome & adult head | dorsal | somatic clone
hide Classical Alleles ( 11 )
For All Classical Alleles Show

Allele of mwhClassMutagenStocksKnown lesion
mwh1amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele310 Yes
mwh2loss of function allele
1 Yes
mwhMB09358
1 --
mwh+
0 --
mwh3loss of function allele
0 Yes
mwh4loss of function allele
0 Yes
mwh5loss of function allele
0 Yes
mwh6hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence
0 Yes
mwhRdeMed
0 --
mwhsemi0 --
mwhunspecified
0 --
hide Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Allele of mwhClassMutagenStocksKnown lesion
mwhGD81653 Yes
mwhHMS001801 Yes
mwhAct5C.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
mwhC.Scer\UAS0 Yes
mwhGBD.FH3.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA10 Yes
mwhScer\FRT.Act5C.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
mwhScer\UAS.cYa0 Yes
hide Aneuploid Aberrations
Duplicated in
Not duplicated in
Not disrupted in
Disrupted in
Partially disrupted in
hide Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
Type of construct
Name
Expression data
Insertions
Type of insertions
Name
Expression data
insertion of enhancer trap binary system
hide Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 8 unique terms )
hide Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term
References
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
hide Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 4 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term
References
Biological Process
CV term
References
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
hide Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
 
hide Interactions & Pathways
hide Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group
Assay
References
hide Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
mwh allele
Gene
References
hide External Data
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
hide Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs
Curated drosophilid orthologs
Linkouts
InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid.
OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs.
hide Stocks & Reagents
hide Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 316 )
Bloomington
549
Kyoto
101704
105974
VDRC
hide Genomic Clones ( 2 )
Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
hide cDNA Clones ( 107 )
Please Note
This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
hide RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts
DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.
GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
hide Antibody Information
hide Other Information
hide Discoverer
di Pasquale, Dec. 1950.
 
hide Etymology
hide Identification
hide Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Source for merge of: mwh CG13913
Additional comments
hide Other Comments
mwh appears to function as a repressor of actin filament formation, restricting the production of actin-rich prehairs to distal cell edges in the pupal wing.
mwh has two temporally separate functions in wing development; early proximal mwh protein accumulation restricts hair initiation to the distal side of wing cells, while the later accumulation of mwh protein in the wing hair prevents the formation of ectopic secondary wing hairs.
Functions downstream of fz for planar polarity in the wing.
mwh is epistatic to in and fy.
The genotoxicity of six insecticides has been analysed using the wing spot test.
The wing spot test has been used to assay the antigenotoxicity of a number of compounds.
SMART is well suited for the determination of genotoxicity produced by in vivo nitrosation processes and for the study of their modulation by individual compounds or dietary complex mixtures.
The genotoxic effect of the essential oils of O.vulgare, C.capitata and S.thymbra is tested using the SMART assay: the oils do not show any mutagenic or recombinagenic activity.
The genotoxic effect DEHP is tested using the SMART assay, results reveal DEHP does not have a genotoxic effect.
The genotoxic effect of 4 inhibitors of DNA topoisomerases has been studied using the wing spot assay.
Ethanol reduces the mutagenic effect of γ-irradiation in SMART assay, mainly by decreasing the frequency of mitotic recombination.
The genotoxic effect of integerrimine (ITR) are analysed using the wing spot test: ITR is genotoxic.
Definitive denticle belt phenotypes (abnormal hairs and/or bristles) are foreshadowed by abnormal organisation of the actin cytoskeleton in embryonic epidermal cells.
Vicinal chloroalcohols are investigated for genotoxicity in the wing spot test (SMART): tested compounds are non-genotoxic in this in vivo assay.
Sodium azide is tested for somatic mutation and mitotic recombination induction in wing imaginal disc cells using the wing spot test. Sodium azide induces exclusively mitotic recombination in wing somatic cells after chronic exposure. This activity is reduced in the presence of high bioactivation capacity.
The genotoxic effect PhIP is tested using the SMART assay, results reveal PhIP has a DNA-damaging activity.
The mutagenic and/or carcinogenic activity of electromagnetic fields is estimated using the wing spot test in larvae, exposure causes a statistically significant enhancement of somatic recombination. Supplement of vitamin E suppresses this enhancement.
Wing spots in the SMART reveal enzyme-sulfhydryl blocking agents, such as MMTS and DPDS, are effective antimutagens in vivo.
The effect of chlorophyll on the genotoxic activity of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide has been studied using the wing spot test.
The genotoxic effects of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) and acetone oxime (ACOX) are tested using the SMART test. The effect of Hsap\GST on the genotoxic effect is studied: flies carrying three or more copies of Hsap\GST are significantly more resistant to the genotoxic effect of ACOX.
SMART is used to test the genotoxic effect of fullerene C-60: only at the highest possible fullerene concentration a slight genotoxic effect was observed in wing cells.
Only the maximum possible content of fullerene C60 produces a slight genotoxic effect when using the SMART test.
Assays of a series of compounds in the wing spot test indicates the single mwh spots appear most frequently, followed by less frequent twin spots and then the quite rare flr spots. Some compounds behave in this manner, others do not in that the frequency of single flr spots is equal to or exceeds that of twin spots.
The mwh/flr wing spot test has been used to assay four inhibitors of eukaryotic topoisomerases for genotoxic effects.
The spectrum of genotoxic events detected by the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) and the wi eye spot test is different. The wi eye spot test appears not to detect mitotic recombination the way the wing spot test does.
The genetic effects of exposure to a range of concentrations of alpha particles has been studied using the wing-spot test.
Six alkylating agents have been ranked as follows according to their genotoxic potency in the wing spot test: methyl methanesulfonate > mitomycin C > N-dimethylnitrosamine > chlorambucil ~ monocrotaline > N-diethylnitrosamine.
The mwh/flr wing spot test has been used to assay for genotoxic effects of griseofulvin.
The mwh/flr wing spot test has been used to assay for genotoxicity of tetracycline hydrochloride.
The genotoxicity of 6 phenazine and aminophenazine derivatives is assayed using the wing spot test in larvae, chemicals exhibit significant mutagenicity.
The relative biological effectiveness of 252Cf neutrons has been determined for two different types of somatic mutations, the wing-spot test (using mwh and flr) and reversion of eye-colour (using w).
Gamma ray induced somatic clones of wing cells demonstrates the level of induction of mwh-like structures consisting of two trichomes and of true mwh mutations is the same if the former are located on the wing surface. These twi-trichome structures must be taken into account when using the mwh type spots in the method of somatic mosaics of wing cells.
Three assays (z-w, wi and wing spot) are used to evaluate the genotoxic response of five chemicals classified as genotoxic non-carcinogens, chemicals significantly increase the frequency of mutant clones.
The effects of 10 carcinogens on the wing spot test are evaluated.
The mwh/flr wing spot test has been used to test for any genotoxic effects of tannic acid.
The wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) of larvae is used to evaluate the genotoxicity of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three of their nitro derivatives, genotoxic activity can be detected in somatic cells.
In young larvae only a few but very large spots are induced by application of a mutagen in the wing spot test. In older larvae the frequency is considerably increased but the sizes are smaller. Practically no twin spots (result of mitotic recombination) are found in young or in very old larvae. Results demonstrate the optimal age of the larvae for mutagen treatment is 72 hours.
Wing spot test is used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of griseofulvin in somatic larval cells, griseofulvin is genotoxic in somatic cells.
Genotoxic activity in vivo of the naturally occurring glucoside, cycasin, is assayed in the wing spot test.
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), when used as a pretreatment, protects against mutation/recombination induced by γ rays and chromium (VI) oxide in larvae in the wing spot test.
The mwh/flr wing spot test has been used to assay the genotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1.
Wing spot test reveals two triazine herbicides, terbutryn and terbuthylazin, are genotoxic in the wing primordia.
Wing spot test reveals the triazine herbicide, simazine, is genotoxic in the wing primordia.
The attached X and mwh/flr spot test system were used to demonstrate that ginseng and Salvia miltiorrhiza have inhibitory effects on the in vivo mutagenicity induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) during spermatogenesis.
Arsenic acid has an inhibitory effect on the induction of wing spots by gamma irradiation or alkylating agents in a wing-spot assay.
The wing spot test has been used to demonstrate that the somatic mutation and recombination test can be used for the genotoxic activity of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.
The adenine derivatives, (R,S)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine, D-eritadenine and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, are potent inducers of both single spots and twin spots in a wing-spot assay.
Wing spot tests rank the genotoxic effectiveness of a number of metal salts in the following order: CoCl2> ZnCl2> MoCl3> (MnCl2, NiCl2).
Somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) is used to determine the relevance of the in vitro effects induced by benzophenone-3: benzophenone-3 is not genotoxic.
Chloral hydrate is recombinogenic in the wing spot test.
Wing-spot assay is used to evaluate the quantitative relationship between BaP-DNA adduct formation, determined by 32P-postlabelling, and the induction of phenotypically mutant cells.
High temperatures cause a small number of mwh spots in the wing-spot assay and cold temperatures yield much greater number of single spots.
The effect of chlorophyllin on the genotoxicity of chromium(VI) oxide in larvae transheterozygous for mwh and flr is assayed using the wing spot somatic test.
The somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in wing cells of three day old larvae transheterozygous for mwh and flr is used to study the mutagenic potential of three benzocphenanthridine alkaloids with antileukemic properties as compared with that of two structurally related aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons.
The wing spot test is used to evaluate the genotoxicity of the antitumour indenoisoquinoline analogues of nitidine chloride and fagaronine chloride in larvae transheterozygous for mwh and flr, the analogues have a very weak genotoxic effect.
Wing spot tests indicate that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is genotoxic in the primordial wing cells of Drosophila.
The wing spot test has been used to demonstrate that atrazine is genitoxic to the wing disc cells and male germline cells.
Four antidepressants and one neuroleptic drug are tested for genotoxicity using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in wing cells of three day old larvae transheterozygous for mwh and flr, the compounds are genotoxic.
The genotoxicity of mitoxantrone has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test.
The genotoxicity of p-dimethylaminoazobenzene has been analysed using the mwh-flr wing spot test.
Chromium(VI) oxide is highly genotoxic in the mwh-flr wing spot assay.
The wing spot test has been used to demonstrate that chloral hydrate is genitoxic to the wing disc cells and male germline cells.
The genotoxicity of chlorpyrifos (Durmet) has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test.
The genotoxicity of tritiated water has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test.
The genotoxicity of furfural has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test.
The genotoxicity of four herbicides (alachlor, atrazine, maleic hydrazide and paraquat) has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test.
The mwh-flr wing spot test has been used to assay the genotoxicity of the insecticide Parryfos (monocrotophos).
Wild type allele of mwh is present on Dp(3;f)Th and displays mosaic expression on the wings.
The genotoxicity of irradiated cocoa has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test.
Somatic mutation in hybrid dysgenic flies has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test.
The genotoxicity of a series of N-nitrosamines has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test.
The mutagenicity of tepezcohuite has been assayed using the wing spot test.
The wing spot test has been used to assay the mutagenic activity of a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Genotoxicity of acrolein is investigated using SMART, SCLT (sex chromosome loss test) and SLRLT (sex linked recessive lethal test). Acrolein is mutagenic in SLRLT when injected but not fed, SCLT does not reveal a clastogenic effect with acrolein and acrolein has a genotoxic effect in SMART.
The mutagenic and recombinogenic activity of 3-beta-hydroxy-13-alpha-amino-13,17-seco-5-alpha-androstan-17-oic-13,17-lactam-p-bis-(2-chloroethyl) aminophenoxyacetate (NSC 294859) has been assayed using a wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART).
Acrylamide is both mutagenic and recombinogenic in wing disc cells and induces sex-linked recessive lethals.
Wing spot test (SMART) and sex-linked recessive lethal test (SLRLT) are used to test the mutagenicity of sumithion, a broad spectrum insecticide - compound is mutagenic in wing primordial cells and induces recombination at high doses.
SMART in wing cells is used to test genotoxicity of 5 tricyclic antidepressants, results implicate the nitrogen atom at position 5 in the 7-membered ring of the tricyclic molecule as being responsible for the genotoxic property of the compounds.
Genotoxicity of a chelating agent, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), is investigated using SMART. NTA is active in inducing mitotic recombination and possible aneuploidy in somatic cells.
The effects of chemicals classified as non-carcinogens or unclassified, but known to have given one or more positive results, are tested using SMART. Also the sensitivity of SMART compared to SLRLT is tested.
Genotoxicity of ethyl carbamate is tested using SMART: ethyl carbamate induces, in a dose-dependent manner, single as well as twin spots, indicating a recombinogenic activity.
The effects of repair deficiency are studied by comparing the frequency of somatic mutation and mitotic recombination in repair proficient female progeny with that in excision repair defective male progeny. Nine chemical mutagens with various modes of action are tested in this way.
The genetic toxicity of six carcinogens and six non-carcinogens are tested using SMART: carcinogens are highly toxic and the non-carcinogens are non-genotoxic.
The genotoxic activity of a photochemical reaction mixture of 1,3-butadiene and nitrogen dioxide has been assayed using the wing spot test.
SMART is used to assay the effects of NTA and EDTA in germ and somatic cell lines.
Mutant alleles are useful as markers in clonal analysis.
hide External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
RefSeq (Transcripts)
RefSeq (Proteins)
Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes.
Other Crossreferences
InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans
FlyReactome - A curated knowledgebase of Drosophila melanogaster pathways
GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid.
InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project.
OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs.
hide Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 6 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym
Name Synonym
CG13913
 
multiple Wing Hairs
multiple-wing-hairs
Secondary FlyBase IDs
  • FBgn0002912
  • FBgn0035190
hide References ( 236 )
Generate a list of
List References by type
hide Recent research papers ( 6 )
Carmona et al., 2011, Mutat. Res. 718(1-2): 33--37
Genotoxic effects of two nickel-compounds in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212614]
Danesi et al., 2010, Mutat. Res. 696(2): 139--143
Mutagenic evaluation of combined paclitaxel and cisplatin treatment in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0210117]
Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010, PLoS ONE 5(6): e11228
The Drosophila GIPC homologue can modulate myosin based processes and planar cell polarity but is not essential for development. [FBrf0211141]
Fang and Adler, 2010, Dev. Biol. 341(2): 360--374
Regulation of cell shape, wing hair initiation and the actin cytoskeleton by Trc/Fry and Wts/Mats complexes. [FBrf0210701]
Lu et al., 2010, Genetics 185(2): 549--558
The Drosophila planar polarity proteins inturned and multiple wing hairs interact physically and function together. [FBrf0211207]
Pataki et al., 2010, Genetics 184(4): 1051--1065
Drosophila Rab23 is involved in the regulation of the number and planar polarization of the adult cuticular hairs. [FBrf0210720]
hide Recent reviews (0)
All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010