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Gene Dmel\vtd

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\vtd	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	verthandi	Annotation symbol	CG17436
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0260987
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	9 publicly available
Also Known As	drad21, rad21, Scc1, l(3)80Fh, l3, DmRAD21
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3LHet	Recombination map	3-46
Cytogenetic map	80F-80F	Sequence location	3LHet:2,243,571..2,265,363 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene verthandi is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\vtd (CG17436, FBgn0260987). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: mitotic sister chromatid cohesion; positive regulation of gene expression; mitosis; neuron remodeling; mitotic spindle organization. 42 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; cellular component organization or biogenesis; adult segment; cell cycle; cell cycle process; organelle; nuclear part; imaginal precursor; external compound sense organ; nuclear division. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Rad21/Rec8-like protein, C-terminal; Rad21/Rec8-like protein, C-terminal, eukaryotic; Rad21/Rec8-like protein, N-terminal. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: No FlyAtlas data available because no Affy2 ProbeSet aligns to an exon of vtd. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: No relevant information because no Affy2 ProbeSet aligns to an exon of vtd. Gene sequence location is 3LHet:2243571..2265363.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	vtd: verthandi (J.A. Kennison) Recessive. Suppresses extra sex combs in Pc4/+ male flies.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10	References Manning et al., 2010, Genes Dev. 24(13): 1364--1376 Transgenic Constructs P{GD4260}
FB2012_01	Sequence features HFA20839 BKN40343 BKN33634
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 80F-80F   Left limit from inclusion within Df(3L)9-52 (FBrf0048227) Right limit from non-inclusion within Df(3L)9-10 (FBrf0048227)
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References   Heterochromatic, cytological location not yet determined.   (Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, 2004)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-46 (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\vtd for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) vtd-RA FBtr0113746  NM_001015132   2305   715
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.3 (northern blot) (Warren et al., 2000)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein vtd-PA   FBpp0112469   79.9   715   4.61     NP_001015132   EAA46289
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	715 (aa) (Warren et al., 2000)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Rad21/Rec8-like protein, C-terminal, eukaryotic (IPR006909) Rad21/Rec8-like protein, N-terminal (IPR006910) Rad21/Rec8-like protein, C-terminal (IPR023093)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA202271   AA390576   AA438413   AA438803   AA439608   AA441265   AA441473   AA539389   AA802080   AA817311   AABU01002142 EAA46289   AF109926   AF132146   AF186473   AF267745   AF267746 AAF82099   AI518419   AI519152   AI533164   AI533220   AI541818   BG638147   BI163449   BI164408   BI166285   BI166498   BI166661   BI166721   BI166981   BI173253   BI173290   BI215217   BI236259   BI237517   BI238675   BI243399   BI357098   BI358479   BI363049   BI365477   BI365669   BI372211   BI372483   BI373998   BI376157   BT100037   CK131904   CK133111   CO185857   CO274606   CO276301   CO284699   CO290115   CO293604   CO307889   CO311048   CO318241   CO321153   CO326909   CO332075   CO342057   CO343678   CM000458 EAA46289   EC067653   EC072071   EC076151   EC078248   EC079136   EC089051   EC197543   EC200965   EC212622   EC217504   EC251002   EC251039   EC257398   EL876195   EL876337   EV579784   GH792404   GH793570   GH794490   GH812043   GH820006   GH835044   GH842622   GH849099   GH866643   GH885139   GH920550   GH924777
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	O96689 Q9U6D9 Q9UB09
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 10   inclusive hindgut primordium   (Warren et al., 2000) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage     (Warren et al., 2000) embryonic stage 10   neuroblast | ventral compartment   (Warren et al., 2000) procephalic neuroblast   (Warren et al., 2000) midgut primordium   (Warren et al., 2000) embryonic stage 11 -- 14   embryonic/larval hindgut | restricted   (Warren et al., 2000) embryonic/larval midgut | restricted   (Warren et al., 2000) embryonic stage 12   ventral nerve cord   (Warren et al., 2000) embryonic stage 12 -- 17   embryonic brain   (Warren et al., 2000) third instar larval stage     (Warren et al., 2000) neuroblast of embryonic/larval brain   (Warren et al., 2000) eye-antennal disc | restricted   (Warren et al., 2000) pupal stage     (Warren et al., 2000) adult stage | female     (Warren et al., 2000) adult stage | male     (Warren et al., 2000)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0260987    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0260987 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period, in adult female stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0260987 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2332 embryo 02-04hr    2907 embryo 04-06hr    3458 embryo 06-08hr    2418 embryo 08-10hr    3075 embryo 10-12hr    1960 embryo 12-14hr    3956 embryo 14-16hr    751 embryo 16-18hr    1828 embryo 18-20hr    728 embryo 20-22hr    1698 embryo 22-24hr    2519 larva L1    471 larva L2    909 larva L3 12hr old    544 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    675 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1011 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2095 white prepupae new    2234 white prepupae 12hr    1743 white prepupae 24hr    1617 pupae 2d postWPP    1578 pupae 3d postWPP    1079 pupae 4d postWPP    346 adult male 01day    768 adult male 05day    560 adult male 30day    308 adult female 01day    406 adult female 05day    1968 adult female 30day    1292 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2332) embryo 02-04hr  (2907) embryo 04-06hr  (3458) embryo 06-08hr  (2418) embryo 08-10hr  (3075) embryo 10-12hr  (1960) embryo 12-14hr  (3956) embryo 14-16hr  (751) embryo 16-18hr  (1828) embryo 18-20hr  (728) embryo 20-22hr  (1698) embryo 22-24hr  (2519) larva L1  (471) larva L2  (909) larva L3 12hr old  (544) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (675) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1011) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2095) white prepupae new  (2234) white prepupae 12hr  (1743) white prepupae 24hr  (1617) pupae 2d postWPP  (1578) pupae 3d postWPP  (1079) pupae 4d postWPP  (346) adult male 01day  (768) adult male 05day  (560) adult male 30day  (308) adult female 01day  (406) adult female 05day  (1968) adult female 30day  (1292) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2332) embryo 02-04hr  (2907) embryo 04-06hr  (3458) embryo 06-08hr  (2418) embryo 08-10hr  (3075) embryo 10-12hr  (1960) embryo 12-14hr  (3956) embryo 14-16hr    751 embryo 16-18hr  (1828) embryo 18-20hr    728 embryo 20-22hr  (1698) embryo 22-24hr  (2519) larva L1    471 larva L2    909 larva L3 12hr old    544 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    675 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1011 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2095) white prepupae new  (2234) white prepupae 12hr  (1743) white prepupae 24hr  (1617) pupae 2d postWPP  (1578) pupae 3d postWPP    1079 pupae 4d postWPP    346 adult male 01day    768 adult male 05day    560 adult male 30day    308 adult female 01day    406 adult female 05day  (1968) adult female 30day    1292 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2332 embryo 02-04hr    2907 embryo 04-06hr    3458 embryo 06-08hr    2418 embryo 08-10hr    3075 embryo 10-12hr    1960 embryo 12-14hr    3956 embryo 14-16hr    751 embryo 16-18hr    1828 embryo 18-20hr    728 embryo 20-22hr    1698 embryo 22-24hr    2519 larva L1    471 larva L2    909 larva L3 12hr old    544 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    675 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1011 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2095 white prepupae new    2234 white prepupae 12hr    1743 white prepupae 24hr    1617 pupae 2d postWPP    1578 pupae 3d postWPP    1079 pupae 4d postWPP    346 adult male 01day    768 adult male 05day    560 adult male 30day    308 adult female 01day    406 adult female 05day    1968 adult female 30day    1292 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2332 embryo 02-04hr    2907 embryo 04-06hr    3458 embryo 06-08hr    2418 embryo 08-10hr    3075 embryo 10-12hr    1960 embryo 12-14hr    3956 embryo 14-16hr    751 embryo 16-18hr    1828 embryo 18-20hr    728 embryo 20-22hr    1698 embryo 22-24hr    2519 larva L1    471 larva L2    909 larva L3 12hr old    544 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    675 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1011 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2095 white prepupae new    2234 white prepupae 12hr    1743 white prepupae 24hr    1617 pupae 2d postWPP    1578 pupae 3d postWPP    1079 pupae 4d postWPP    346 adult male 01day    768 adult male 05day    560 adult male 30day    308 adult female 01day    406 adult female 05day    1968 adult female 30day    1292 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0260987 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2332 embryo 02-04hr    2907 embryo 04-06hr    3458 embryo 06-08hr    2418 embryo 08-10hr    3075 embryo 10-12hr    1960 embryo 12-14hr    3956 embryo 14-16hr    751 embryo 16-18hr    1828 embryo 18-20hr    728 embryo 20-22hr    1698 embryo 22-24hr    2519 larva L1    471 larva L2    909 larva L3 12hr old    544 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    675 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1011 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2095 white prepupae new    2234 white prepupae 12hr    1743 white prepupae 24hr    1617 pupae 2d postWPP    1578 pupae 3d postWPP    1079 pupae 4d postWPP    346 adult male 01day    768 adult male 05day    560 adult male 30day    308 adult female 01day    406 adult female 05day    1968 adult female 30day    1292 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2332) embryo 02-04hr  (2907) embryo 04-06hr  (3458) embryo 06-08hr  (2418) embryo 08-10hr  (3075) embryo 10-12hr  (1960) embryo 12-14hr  (3956) embryo 14-16hr  (751) embryo 16-18hr  (1828) embryo 18-20hr  (728) embryo 20-22hr  (1698) embryo 22-24hr  (2519) larva L1  (471) larva L2  (909) larva L3 12hr old  (544) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (675) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1011) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2095) white prepupae new  (2234) white prepupae 12hr  (1743) white prepupae 24hr  (1617) pupae 2d postWPP  (1578) pupae 3d postWPP  (1079) pupae 4d postWPP  (346) adult male 01day  (768) adult male 05day  (560) adult male 30day  (308) adult female 01day  (406) adult female 05day  (1968) adult female 30day  (1292) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  2332 embryo 02-04hr  (2907) embryo 04-06hr  (3458) embryo 06-08hr  2418 embryo 08-10hr  (3075) embryo 10-12hr  1960 embryo 12-14hr  (3956) embryo 14-16hr    751 embryo 16-18hr  1828 embryo 18-20hr    728 embryo 20-22hr  1698 embryo 22-24hr  (2519) larva L1    471 larva L2    909 larva L3 12hr old    544 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    675 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1011 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  2095 white prepupae new  2234 white prepupae 12hr  1743 white prepupae 24hr  1617 pupae 2d postWPP  1578 pupae 3d postWPP    1079 pupae 4d postWPP    346 adult male 01day    768 adult male 05day    560 adult male 30day    308 adult female 01day    406 adult female 05day  1968 adult female 30day    1292 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2332 embryo 02-04hr    2907 embryo 04-06hr    3458 embryo 06-08hr    2418 embryo 08-10hr    3075 embryo 10-12hr    1960 embryo 12-14hr    3956 embryo 14-16hr    751 embryo 16-18hr    1828 embryo 18-20hr    728 embryo 20-22hr    1698 embryo 22-24hr    2519 larva L1    471 larva L2    909 larva L3 12hr old    544 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    675 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1011 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2095 white prepupae new    2234 white prepupae 12hr    1743 white prepupae 24hr    1617 pupae 2d postWPP    1578 pupae 3d postWPP    1079 pupae 4d postWPP    346 adult male 01day    768 adult male 05day    560 adult male 30day    308 adult female 01day    406 adult female 05day    1968 adult female 30day    1292 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2332 embryo 02-04hr    2907 embryo 04-06hr    3458 embryo 06-08hr    2418 embryo 08-10hr    3075 embryo 10-12hr    1960 embryo 12-14hr    3956 embryo 14-16hr    751 embryo 16-18hr    1828 embryo 18-20hr    728 embryo 20-22hr    1698 embryo 22-24hr    2519 larva L1    471 larva L2    909 larva L3 12hr old    544 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    675 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1011 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2095 white prepupae new    2234 white prepupae 12hr    1743 white prepupae 24hr    1617 pupae 2d postWPP    1578 pupae 3d postWPP    1079 pupae 4d postWPP    346 adult male 01day    768 adult male 05day    560 adult male 30day    308 adult female 01day    406 adult female 05day    1968 adult female 30day    1292 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0260987
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI vtddsRNA.Sym.Scer\UAS lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI, vtd80Fh-1 vtddsRNA.Sym.Scer\UAS lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI, vtddsRNA.Sym.Scer\UAS vtd80Fh-1 lethal (with Df(3L)K-2) vtdγ26-6 lethal (with vtd3-1) vtd4 lethal (with vtd4) vtd3-1 vtd5-1 vtd5-3 vtd80Fh-1 vtd80Fh-6 lethal (with vtd5-1) vtd4 lethal (with vtd5-3) vtd4 lethal (with vtd80Fh-1) vtd4 lethal (with vtd80Fh-6) vtd4 lethal | embryonic stage (with vtd4) vtd80Fh-5 lethal | embryonic stage (with vtd80Fh-5) vtd4 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive vtd4 vtdunspecified lethal | partially | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI vtddsRNA.Sym.Scer\UAS lethal | pupal stage (with vtd4) vtd80Fh-35 vtd80Fh-36 lethal | pupal stage (with vtd80Fh-35) vtd4 lethal | pupal stage (with vtd80Fh-36) vtd4 lethal | pupal stage | recessive vtd80Fh-35 vtd80Fh-36 lethal | recessive vtd2 vtd3-1 vtd3 vtd4 vtd5-1 vtd5-2 vtd5-3 vtd5 vtd6 vtd7 vtd8 vtd9 vtd10 vtd11 vtd12 vtd80Fh-1 vtd80Fh-2 vtd80Fh-5 vtd80Fh-6 vtdex3 vtdex8 vtdex15 vtdex16 semi-lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 vtdGD4260 Other Phenotypes Allele enhancer of variegation, with In(1)wm4 vtd2 mitotic cell cycle defective vtddsRNA.cLa vtddsRNA.cVa mitotic cell cycle defective (with Df(3L)K-2) vtd80Fh-35 mitotic cell cycle defective (with vtd4) vtd80Fh-35 mitotic cell cycle defective (with vtd80Fh-35) vtd4 vtdγ26-6 mitotic cell cycle defective (with vtdγ26-6) vtd80Fh-35 visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 vtdGD4260 Phenotype manifest in Allele eye vtd1 vtd2 imaginal disc (with Df(3L)K-2) vtd80Fh-35 imaginal disc (with vtd4) vtd80Fh-35 imaginal disc (with vtd80Fh-35) vtd4 vtdγ26-6 imaginal disc (with vtdγ26-6) vtd80Fh-35 macrochaeta vtd1 vtd2 mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 vtdGD4260 metaphase & condensed nuclear chromosome vtddsRNA.cLa mitosis & nuclear chromosome vtddsRNA.cVa mitotic anaphase vtddsRNA.cVa mitotic metaphase vtddsRNA.cLa vtddsRNA.cVa mitotic prometaphase vtddsRNA.cVa nuclear chromosome vtddsRNA.cVa pigment cell vtd2 sex comb vtd1 vtd2 spindle vtddsRNA.cVa wing vtd1 vtd2
Classical Alleles ( 29 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of vtd Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion vtd4 gamma ray 2 Yes vtdex15 Delta2-3 2 Yes vtdex3 Delta2-3 2 Yes vtd14 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes vtd80Fh-1 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes vtdex8 Delta2-3 1 Yes vtd10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- vtd11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- vtd12 0 -- vtd1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- vtd2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- vtd3-1 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- vtd3 gamma ray 0 -- vtd5-1 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- vtd5-2 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- vtd5-3 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- vtd5 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray 0 -- vtd6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- vtd7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- vtd80Fh-2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- vtd80Fh-35 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes vtd80Fh-36 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes vtd80Fh-5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- vtd80Fh-6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- vtd8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- vtd9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- vtdex16 Delta2-3 0 Yes vtdunspecified 0 -- vtdγ26-6 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of vtd Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion vtd271TEV.tub.T:Zzzz\TEV.CS,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 1 Yes vtd550TEV.tub.T:Zzzz\TEV.CS,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 1 Yes vtdtub.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 1 Yes vtd175TEV.tub.T:Zzzz\TEV.CS,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes vtd197TEV.tub.T:Zzzz\TEV.CS,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes vtddsRNA.cLa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes vtddsRNA.cVa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes vtddsRNA.Sym.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes vtdGD4260 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes vtdScer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes vtdScer\UAS.T:Ecol\dam.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes vtdScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes vtdScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)1-166 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000, Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)2-66 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000, Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)3-30 (Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)4-76 (Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)4-184 (Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)4A-48 (Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)5-84 (Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)6B-29+Df(3R)6B-29 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000) Df(3L)9-52 (Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)10-39 (Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)99 (Schulze et al., 2001) Df(3L)G-1 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000) Df(3L)K-2 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000) Df(3L)vtd2 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000) Df(3L)vtd3 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000) Df(3L)vtd6 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000) Df(3L)vtd7 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000) Df(3L)vtd8 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000) Df(3L)vtd10 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000) Df(3L)vtd11 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000) Df(3L)vtd12 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000) Df(3L)γ-26 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000) Df(3L)γ-29 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000) In(3L)vtd9 (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000)
Not disrupted in	Df(3L)1-16 (Schulze et al., 2001, Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)2-1 (Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)2-30 (Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)3-52 (Schulze et al., 2001) Df(3L)8A-80 (Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)9-10 (Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)9-56 (Schulze et al., 2001, Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)10-58 (Marchant and Holm, 1988) Df(3L)C-2 (Schulze et al., 2001) Df(3L)O-1 (Schulze et al., 2001) Df(3L)γ-28 (Schulze et al., 2001)
Partially disrupted in	Df(3L)vtd14 (Hallson et al., 2008)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{Sym-UAS-Rad21} NA P{UAS-Rad21.Dam.myc} NA P{UAS-Rad21.HA} NA P{UAS-Rad21-myc} NA characterization construct P{GD4260} NA P{tub-Rad21.175TEV-myc} NA P{tub-Rad21.197TEV-myc} NA P{tub-Rad21.271TEV-myc} NA P{tub-Rad21.550TEV-myc} NA P{tub-Rad21-myc} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}l(2)SH2234SH2234 No miscellaneous insertions P{}vtd3-1 NA P{}vtd5-1 NA P{}vtd5-2 NA P{}vtd5-3 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 12 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 9 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
mitosis inferred from mutant phenotype (Vass et al., 2003) mitotic sister chromatid cohesion inferred from mutant phenotype (Hallson et al., 2008, Pauli et al., 2008) mitotic spindle organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Goshima et al., 2007) neuron remodeling inferred from mutant phenotype (Pauli et al., 2008) positive regulation of gene expression inferred from genetic interaction with hh (Hallson et al., 2008)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
centromeric heterochromatin inferred from direct assay (Valdeolmillos et al., 2004) cohesin complex inferred from direct assay (Gause et al., 2008) inferred from physical interaction with Cap (Heidmann et al., 2004) nucleus inferred from direct assay (Pauli et al., 2008) polytene chromosome interband inferred from direct assay (Pauli et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
mitotic sister chromatid cohesion inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Steffensen, 1999.9.14) non-traceable author statement (Warren, 1998.11.19, Gonzalez and Bornens, 2000) nucleotide-excision repair non-traceable author statement (Brodsky, 1999.3.2, Warren, 1998.11.19)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
chromosome, centromeric region non-traceable author statement (Gonzalez and Bornens, 2000) cohesin complex inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Steffensen, 1999.9.14) non-traceable author statement (Warren, 1998.11.19, Haering and Nasmyth, 2003) nuclear chromosome inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006909 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene   nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions vtd allele Gene References vtd1 Pc (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) vtd2 E(z) (Bajusz et al., 2001) hh (Schulze et al., 2001) l(3)80Fj (Schulze et al., 2001) mod(mdg4) (Buchner et al., 2000) Pc (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988, Schulze et al., 2001) vtd3 l(3)80Fj (Schulze et al., 2001) Pc (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988, Schulze et al., 2001) vtd4 Pc (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988, Schulze et al., 2001) vtd5 Pc (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) vtd10 hh (Schulze et al., 2001) l(3)80Fj (Schulze et al., 2001) Pc (Schulze et al., 2001) vtd11 hh (Schulze et al., 2001) vtd12 hh (Schulze et al., 2001) l(3)80Fj (Schulze et al., 2001) vtdunspecified l(3)80Fj (Sinclair et al., 2000) Pc (Sinclair et al., 2000) unspecified Antp (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) hh (Schulze et al., 2001) l(3)80Fj (Schulze et al., 2001) Pc (Schulze et al., 2001) ph-p (Fauvarque et al., 1995)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 78021 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0260987 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 3354896
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dana\Rad21 (Schulze et al., 2006)
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AGAP004560-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_001947068.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) At5g16270.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (wall cress) 23817 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 256124 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) XP_001895586.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) BGIBMGA006465-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000009607 Bos taurus (bovine) CAL0000863 Candida albicans (a form of yeast) CN01724 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CN16802 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP37435 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE02628 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000001178 Canis familiaris (dog) Chro.70042 Cryptosporidium hominis (obligate parasite) ENSCINP00000013213 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) JA04836 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) CML311C Cyanidioschyzon merolae (red alga) cn08137 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) cgd7_290 Cryptosporidium parvum (protozoan parasite) CPIJ004084 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000011923 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) RP36096 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000001613 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) 161206 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0202625 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DEHA2A14058g Debaryomyces Hansenii (yeast) 114887 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000009867 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSDARP00000092554 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000013956 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGACP00000008313 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000025921 Gallus gallus (chicken) ENSP00000297338 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW021804-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) 133906 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 35988 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000005086 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000026698 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000022927 Mus musculus (house mouse) 169110 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) XP_001602260.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000007732 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000006965 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os01g67250.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) 33474 Ostreococcus tauri (green alga) PHUM005059-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSPPYP00000021128 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 80655 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 131594 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) 724314 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000035102 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSRNOP00000006209 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 5054187 Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) Smp_148150 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) SPCC338.17c Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) XP_001176016.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 50556 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) XP_001808764.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000022304 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000017209 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 90210.m00218 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) ENSXETP00000044903 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0B08470g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB18760 NV14713 LH15836 ISCW021804 FBgn0237084 FBgn0213954 FBgn0200568 FBgn0194210 JGI_V11_114887 FBgn0149965 FBgn0143495 FBgn0120876 FBgn0097571 CPIJ004083 CPIJ004084 BGIBMGA006465 ACYPI008314 GB13290 AGAP004560 AAEL017135 PHUM127690 GLEAN_00968
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 9 )
Bloomington	27615 w*; vtdex3 P{tub-Rad21-myc}3 27609 w*; vtdex3/TM6B, Tb1 27613 w*; vtdex8 P{tub-Rad21.271TEV-myc}3 27614 w*; vtdex15 P{tub-Rad21.550TEV-myc}3 5050 Eip74EFv4 vtd4/TM3, st24 Sb1 26164 kniri-1 vtd80Fh-1 pp/TM3, Sb1 26165 vtd14 red1 e4/TM6B, Sb1 Tb1 ca1 27610 y1 w*; vtdex15/TM3, P{GAL4-Kr.C}DC2, P{UAS-GFP.S65T}DC10, Sb1
Kyoto	108010 Eip74EFv4 vtd4/TM3, st24 Sb1
Genomic Clones ( 0 )
cDNA Clones ( 19 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	FI11703 LD09474
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	Dmel_dig_008622_0598_2568 EK290415 EP13724 LD02527 RE16081 RP003118089 RP003215999 RP003224056 RP003300702 RP003356654 RP003467869 RP003495564 RP003512451 RP003543854 RP003546778 RP003570044 RP003651094
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0260987 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 48299 3354896
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Gause et al., 2008)
Other Information
Discoverer
	Kennison, 1983.
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: Rad21 scc1 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: vtd l(3)80Fh (Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000) Source for merge of: vtd Rad21 (Hallson et al., 2008)
Additional comments	"vtd" does not correspond to "Dbp80". (Schulze et al., 2005) Source for merge of Rad21 scc1 was sequence comparison (date:000202). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene results in chromosome misalignment on the metaphase spindle when assayed in S2 cells. This phenotype can be observed when the screen is performed with or without Cdc27 dsRNA. (Goshima et al., 2007) S2 cells transfected with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene show longer metaphase spindles. (Goshima et al., 2005) Genetic analysis suggests that wild type Rad21 function is required for proper progression through mitosis, in particular for normal chromosome segregation. (Vass et al., 2003) Mutant cells delay in prometaphase with normally condensed, but prematurely separated sister chromatids and with abnormal spindle morphology. (Vass et al., 2003) Transiently named CG40222 in release 3 of the genome annotation. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003) Sections of the Scr regulatory region may be important for regulation of Scr by Polycomb- and trithorax-group genes. (Gindhart and Kaufman, 1995) vtd is one of the 18 loci identified in a screen for dominant modifiers of Pc and/or Antp phenotypes. Alleles of Pc, Pcl, Scm, Dll, brm, kto, Scr and trx show clear dominant enhancement or suppression of AntpScx, whereas alleles of vtd, Vha55, Su(Pc)37D, urd, mor, skd and osa do not. (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) One of a series of EMS-induced lethals detected by failure to complement proximal heterochromatic deficiencies in 3L or 3R, which resulted from detachments, i.e., reconstitutions of normal third chromosomes, from irradiated C(3L)RM/C(3R)RM-bearing females; a large set of such proximal heterochromatic deficiencies was employed in deficiency mapping of these lethals (Marchant and Holm, 1988).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_001015132 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_001015132 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA202271 AA390576 AABU01002142 AAD04175 AAD33593 AAF01417 AAF82099 AF109926 AF132146 AF186473 AF267745 AF267746 BI173290 EAA46289 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 3354896 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • O96689 Q9U6D9 Q9UB09
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Rad21/Rec8-like protein, C-terminal, eukaryotic (IPR006909) Rad21/Rec8-like protein, N-terminal (IPR006910) Rad21/Rec8-like protein, C-terminal (IPR023093)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 78021 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0260987 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0260987 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0260987 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0260987 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 48299 3354896 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AGAP004560-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_001947068.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) At5g16270.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (wall cress) 23817 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 256124 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) XP_001895586.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) BGIBMGA006465-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000009607 Bos taurus (bovine) CAL0000863 Candida albicans (a form of yeast) CN01724 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CN16802 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP37435 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE02628 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000001178 Canis familiaris (dog) Chro.70042 Cryptosporidium hominis (obligate parasite) ENSCINP00000013213 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) JA04836 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) CML311C Cyanidioschyzon merolae (red alga) cn08137 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) cgd7_290 Cryptosporidium parvum (protozoan parasite) CPIJ004084 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000011923 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) RP36096 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000001613 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) 161206 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0202625 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DEHA2A14058g Debaryomyces Hansenii (yeast) 114887 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000009867 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSDARP00000092554 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000013956 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGACP00000008313 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000025921 Gallus gallus (chicken) ENSP00000297338 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW021804-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) 133906 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 35988 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000005086 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000026698 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000022927 Mus musculus (house mouse) 169110 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) XP_001602260.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000007732 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000006965 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os01g67250.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) 33474 Ostreococcus tauri (green alga) PHUM005059-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSPPYP00000021128 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 80655 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 131594 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) 724314 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000035102 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSRNOP00000006209 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 5054187 Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) Smp_148150 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) SPCC338.17c Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) XP_001176016.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 50556 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) XP_001808764.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000022304 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000017209 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 90210.m00218 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) ENSXETP00000044903 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0B08470g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 3354896 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0260987 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB18760 NV14713 LH15836 ISCW021804 FBgn0237084 FBgn0213954 FBgn0200568 FBgn0194210 JGI_V11_114887 FBgn0149965 FBgn0143495 FBgn0120876 FBgn0097571 CPIJ004083 CPIJ004084 BGIBMGA006465 ACYPI008314 GB13290 AGAP004560 AAEL017135 PHUM127690 GLEAN_00968
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 23 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	80Fh (Dimitri et al., 2003) CG17436 (Labourier et al., 2002, Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, 2007, Pauli et al., 2008) CG40222 (Giot et al., 2003, ) DmRAD21 (Haering and Nasmyth, 2003, Hirano, 2002) drad21 (Lee et al., 2004, Lee et al., 2000, Warren, 1998.11.19) DRAD21 (Markov et al., 2003, Markov et al., 2004, Lee et al., 2001, Warren, 2000, Warren et al., 2000, Oliveira et al., 2005, Coelho et al., 2003) dRad21 (Choo, 2001, Pauli et al., 2005, Manning et al., 2010) Drad21 (Gonzalez and Bornens, 2000, Vass et al., 2003, Vass et al., 2002, Warren et al., 2001, Warren et al., 2000, Valdeolmillos et al., 2004) DRad21 (Markov et al., 2001, Orr et al., 2007) l3 (Sinclair et al., 2000, Schulze et al., 2001) l(3)80Fh (Dimitri et al., 2005, Koryakov et al., 2002, Dimitri et al., 2003) l(3)Lh3 (Marchant and Holm, 1988, ) lethal 3 (Schulze et al., 2005) rad21 (Hallson et al., 2008, Brodsky, 1999.3.2) Rad21 (Rollins et al., 2004, Gause et al., 2008, Heidmann et al., 2004, Goshima et al., 2007, Pauli et al., 2008, Muraro and Moffat, 2006, Pauli et al., 2008, Schaaf et al., 2009, Oliveira et al., 2010, Rhodes et al., 2010, Gause et al., 2010, Pauli et al., 2010) RAD21 (Benna et al., 2010, Moshkin et al., 2009) Scc1 (Williams et al., 2003, Pimenta-Marques et al., 2008, Rollins et al., 2004) scc1 (Steffensen, 1999.9.14, ) vtd (Hallson et al., 2008, Vázquez et al., 2008, Cook, 2008.12.1, Petruk et al., 2008, Schaaf et al., 2009)
Name Synonym	cohesin (Schaaf et al., 2009) lethal 3 (Sinclair et al., 2000, Schulze et al., 2001) lethal(3)80Fh   Rad21   verthandi   α kleisin (Pauli et al., 2008)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBan0017436 FBgn0002297 FBgn0003993 FBgn0026057 FBgn0027941 FBgn0058222
References ( 94 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 94 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 50 ) Supplementary material  ( 6 ) Review  ( 9 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 5 ) Abstract  ( 13 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 3 ) Computer file  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 6 )
	Benna et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(4): 346--352 Drosophila timeless2 Is Required for Chromosome Stability and Circadian Photoreception. [FBrf0210091] Gause et al., 2010, Mol. Cell. Biol. 30(20): 4940--4951 Dosage-sensitive regulation of Cohesin chromosome binding and dynamics by Nipped-B, Pds5, and Wapl. [FBrf0211896] Manning et al., 2010, Genes Dev. 24(13): 1364--1376 Loss of pRB causes centromere dysfunction and chromosomal instability. [FBrf0214901] Oliveira et al., 2010, Nat. Cell Biol. 12(2): 185--192 Cohesin cleavage and Cdk inhibition trigger formation of daughter nuclei. [FBrf0209876] Pauli et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(20): 1787--1798 A direct role for cohesin in gene regulation and ecdysone response in Drosophila salivary glands. [FBrf0212124] Rhodes et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 344(2): 637--649 Positive regulation of c-Myc by cohesin is direct, and evolutionarily conserved. [FBrf0211404] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...