• Home
• Tools
  • Tools Overview
  • Query Tools

    
    • QuickSearch
    • QueryBuilder
    • TermLink
    • CytoSearch
    • Interactions Browser
    • ImageBrowse
    • Find A Person
    • Google™ FlyBase
  • Genomic/Map Tools

    
    • BLAST
    • GBrowse
    • CytoSearch
    • Aberrations Maps
    • Chromosome Maps
    • Coordinates Converter
  • Retrieve/Convert

    
    • Batch Download
    • Coordinates Converter
    • ID Converter
  • Data Submission

    
    • Fast-Track Your Paper
    • Submit Personal Comm
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
  • People

    
    • Find A Person
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
• Files
  • Files Overview
  • Downloads:
  • Precomputed files
  • Archived data
  • Releases (FTP)
  • Genomes (FTP)
  • AAA data (FTP)
  • Lists:
  • Transposons (Dmel)
  • Transposons (other)
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Anatomical Terms
  • Map Conversion
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequenced Species
  • Synteny Table
  • Color Illustrations
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All Resources
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections
  • Other links:
  • BDGP
  • DGRC
  • FlyExpress
  • Interactive Fly
  • modENCODE
  • Textpresso for Fly
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • FlyBase Guides
  • Video Tutorials
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Release
  • Other Archives
  • Coordinate Converter

Gene Dmel\TER94

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\TER94	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	TER94	Annotation symbol	CG2331
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0261014
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	11 publicly available
Also Known As	l(2)03775, dmTERA, Vcp
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	46D-46D1	Sequence location	2R:5,876,666..5,881,072 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene TER94 is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\TER94 (CG2331, FBgn0261014). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. It is reported to have molecular function: ATPase activity. There is experimental evidence for 11 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: cellular component organization or biogenesis; organelle organization; catabolic process; localization; primary metabolic process; biological regulation; heterocycle catabolic process; regulation of developmental process; anterior/posterior axis specification; proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity; compound eye photoreceptor development; protein localization. 28 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: mushroom body; rhabdomere; eye; A band; interommatidial bristle; eye photoreceptor cell; outer photoreceptor cell; ommatidium; pigment cell. It has 4 annotated transcripts and 4 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: ATPase, AAA+ type, core; ATPase, AAA-type, CDC48; ATPase, AAA-type, VAT, N-terminal; ATPase, AAA-type, conserved site; ATPase, AAA-type, core; Aspartate decarboxylase-like fold; Cell division protein 48, Cdc48, domain 2; Vps4 oligomerisation, C-terminal. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderately high expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages, at stages throughout the larval period, at stages throughout the pupal period, in stages of adults of both sexes. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male reproductive system, larval/adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1628008_a_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 4 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of TER94. Gene sequence location is 2R:5876666..5881072.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2012_01	References Dekanty et al., 2010, PLoS Genet. 6(6): e1000994 Sequence features HFA07560 BKN27706
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 46D-46D1   Left limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0102089) Right limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0102089); Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Adamk13906&P{EP}Pka-R2EP2162 and P{PZ}14-3-3ζ07103
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 46C8-46F6   Complementation data from unspecified deficiency chromosomes.   (Goldstein et al., 1993) 46D1-46D2     (Ruden, 1999.11.4) 46C-46D     (Pinter, 1998.2.8) 46D-46D   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Leon and McKearin, 1999) 46D1-46D2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 46C-46D   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Pinter et al., 1998) 46D-46D   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (McKearin, 1998.3.18) 46D1-46D2     (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\TER94 for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) TER94-RA FBtr0088391  NM_058021   3018   801 TER94-RB FBtr0088392  NM_165726   1458   297 TER94-RC FBtr0112905  NM_001103779   2967   826 TER94-RD FBtr0112906  NM_001103780   3129   759
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	3.2 (northern blot) (Leon and McKearin, 1999)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein TER94-PA   FBpp0087479   88.9   801   4.98     NP_477369   AAF58863 TER94-PB   FBpp0087480   32.5   297   4.79     NP_724866   AAF58864 TER94-PC   FBpp0111818   92.1   826   5.00     NP_001097249   ABV53745 TER94-PD   FBpp0111819   84.2   759   4.99     NP_001097250   ABV53746
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	801 (aa); 94 (kD observed) (Pinter et al., 1998) 799 (aa); 94 (kD predicted) (Ruden et al., 2000) 94 (kD observed); 89 (kD predicted) (Leon and McKearin, 1999)
Comments	TER94 protein from ovarian extracts sediments at close to the expected size for a homohexameric complex. Such complexes are also observed for vertebrate TERs and yeast CDC48. (Leon and McKearin, 1999)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Cell division protein 48, Cdc48, domain 2 (IPR004201) ATPase, AAA-type, VAT, N-terminal (IPR003338) ATPase, AAA+ type, core (IPR003593) ATPase, AAA-type, core (IPR003959) ATPase, AAA-type, conserved site (IPR003960) ATPase, AAA-type, CDC48 (IPR005938) Aspartate decarboxylase-like fold (IPR009010) Vps4 oligomerisation, C-terminal (IPR015415)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA140877   AA202843   AA438570   AA440758   AA695328   AA695476   AA696286   AA697320   AA697777   AA699002   AA736202   AA803861   AA816528   AA817275   AA820865   AA949157   AE013599 AAF58863   AE013599 AAF58864   AE013599 ABV53745   AE013599 ABV53746   AC007414   AF047037 AAC27447   AF132553 AAD27852   AF202034 AAF17568   AI062070   AI108063   AI114235   AI257115   AI257644   AI257935   AI258144   AI259786   AI260100   AI260245   AI261014   AI294859   AI295596   AI295831   AI296192   AI297008   AI297077   AI297286   AI297412   AI297674   AI388380   AI403031   AI455273   AI455705   AI455956   AI456679   AI511623   AI516399   AI517838   AI517894   AI518266   AI518688   AI519644   AI519899   AI530919   AI531042   AI534024   AI534634   AI534720   AI534817   AI542219   AI542607   AI543389   AI945855   AQ025617   BF488254   BF488392   BF488709   BF499472   BF505080   BF506305   BG632003   BG641201   BI168156   BI212361   BI212580   BI212885   BI215681   BI215718   BI229560   BI230637   BI235328   BI236093   BI238808   BI239563   BI354247   BI354280   BI354295   BI354364   BI354388   BI354417   BI356730   BI358685   BI361445   BI364412   BI365021   BI366070   BI372285   BI373120   BI373379   BI373677   BI373802   BI373860   BI374610   BI374705   BI375217   BI376024   BI482074   BI483639   BI486641   BI564689   BI580058   BI581747   BI611215   BI617962   BI624563   BI632277   BI632292   BI632729   BI638272   BI639505   BI641319   BP542611   BP558753   BP558754   BT001521 AAN71276   BT100202   BX027062   BX028304   CA807719   CK657153   CK659500   CK659762   CK660097   CK662131   CL705915   CO178247   CO178304   CO178567   CO178813   CO186378   CO186558   CO188631   CO190250   CO263726   CO264610   CO271735   CO275488   CO277394   CO283039   CO284685   CO292018   CO293040   CO293503   CO293527   CO305441   CO306547   CO308045   CO321693   CO321910   CO336146   CO337132   CO338217   CO338218   CO338332   CO344819   CQ847760   CQ847762   DQ443348   EC052809   EC057288   EC057365   EC057803   EC058305   EC059157   EC070894   EC071426   EC081149   EC083021   EC086629   EC086702   EC194639   EC195796   EC201074   EC201271   EC203699   EC206918   EC214168   EC217640   EC219393   EC225629   EC226283   EC226614   EC229236   EC232964   EC236483   EC241707   EC243671   EC246392   EC252634   EC261637   EC264381   EC264391   EC267769   EV575255   EV576739   EV580608   EV582168   EV582652   EV582700   EV583682   EV583783   EV584552
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q8IGZ2 Q7KN62
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage & oogenesis   cystocyte   (Leon and McKearin, 1999) nurse cell   (Leon and McKearin, 1999) ovary   (Leon and McKearin, 1999) germarium region 1   (Leon and McKearin, 1999) cystoblast   (Leon and McKearin, 1999) follicle cell   (Leon and McKearin, 1999) oocyte   (Leon and McKearin, 1999)
Additional Descriptive Data
	TER94 transcripts are present in germarium region 1 and are present in all germ line cells and follicle cells. (Leon and McKearin, 1999) TER94 transcripts are strongly expressed in nurse cells starting in stage 9-10 of oogenesis. Strong expression is also observed in developing ommatidia in the eye imaginal disc. (Ruden et al., 2000)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage & oogenesis   germarium   (Leon and McKearin, 1999) fusome   (Leon and McKearin, 1999) cystocyte   (Leon and McKearin, 1999) immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   mushroom body alpha-lobe   (Pinter et al., 1998) mushroom body beta-lobe   (Pinter et al., 1998) adult stage & oogenesis   germarium region 2b   (Ruden et al., 2000) oogenesis stage S1 & adult stage | female   egg chamber   (Ruden et al., 2000) mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood   adult heart   (Cammarato et al., 2011) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage & pupal stage & adult stage     (Pinter et al., 1998) adult stage | female   nurse cell   (Pinter et al., 1998) oocyte   (Pinter et al., 1998) adult stage   antennal lobe glomerulus   (Pinter et al., 1998) mushroom body   (Pinter et al., 1998) mushroom body calyx   (Pinter et al., 1998) ellipsoid body   (Pinter et al., 1998) adult stage | male   spermatozoon   (Pinter et al., 1998)
Additional Descriptive Data
	TER94 protein is largely cytoplasmic and is enriched in fusomes. A low level of protein is observed in germ cell nuclei. Strong nuclear staining was observed in nonovarian somatic cells in larvae and adults. (Pinter et al., 1998, Leon and McKearin, 1999) TER94 protein is present predominantly in germarium region 2b and in stage 1 egg chambers. (Ruden et al., 2000) TER94 protein is observed in ovarian germ cells and somatic cells. (Leon and McKearin, 1999)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	cytoplasm (Leon and McKearin, 1999)
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0261014    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0261014 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderately high expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages, at stages throughout the larval period, at stages throughout the pupal period, in stages of adults of both sexes. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0261014 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    31015 embryo 02-04hr    11267 embryo 04-06hr    15856 embryo 06-08hr    16121 embryo 08-10hr    11358 embryo 10-12hr    10042 embryo 12-14hr    6181 embryo 14-16hr    6885 embryo 16-18hr    4873 embryo 18-20hr    3662 embryo 20-22hr    2645 embryo 22-24hr    2631 larva L1    5948 larva L2    13802 larva L3 12hr old    9653 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10866 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    20831 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    28653 white prepupae new    33205 white prepupae 12hr    15707 white prepupae 24hr    17046 pupae 2d postWPP    11797 pupae 3d postWPP    10119 pupae 4d postWPP    13803 adult male 01day    15137 adult male 05day    16853 adult male 30day    15569 adult female 01day    16446 adult female 05day    20472 adult female 30day    19487 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (31015) embryo 02-04hr  (11267) embryo 04-06hr  (15856) embryo 06-08hr  (16121) embryo 08-10hr  (11358) embryo 10-12hr  (10042) embryo 12-14hr  (6181) embryo 14-16hr  (6885) embryo 16-18hr  (4873) embryo 18-20hr  (3662) embryo 20-22hr  (2645) embryo 22-24hr  (2631) larva L1  (5948) larva L2  (13802) larva L3 12hr old  (9653) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (10866) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (20831) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (28653) white prepupae new  (33205) white prepupae 12hr  (15707) white prepupae 24hr  (17046) pupae 2d postWPP  (11797) pupae 3d postWPP  (10119) pupae 4d postWPP  (13803) adult male 01day  (15137) adult male 05day  (16853) adult male 30day  (15569) adult female 01day  (16446) adult female 05day  (20472) adult female 30day  (19487) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (31015) embryo 02-04hr  (11267) embryo 04-06hr  (15856) embryo 06-08hr  (16121) embryo 08-10hr  (11358) embryo 10-12hr  (10042) embryo 12-14hr  (6181) embryo 14-16hr  (6885) embryo 16-18hr  (4873) embryo 18-20hr  (3662) embryo 20-22hr  (2645) embryo 22-24hr  (2631) larva L1  (5948) larva L2  (13802) larva L3 12hr old  (9653) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (10866) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (20831) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (28653) white prepupae new  (33205) white prepupae 12hr  (15707) white prepupae 24hr  (17046) pupae 2d postWPP  (11797) pupae 3d postWPP  (10119) pupae 4d postWPP  (13803) adult male 01day  (15137) adult male 05day  (16853) adult male 30day  (15569) adult female 01day  (16446) adult female 05day  (20472) adult female 30day  (19487) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (31015) embryo 02-04hr  (11267) embryo 04-06hr  (15856) embryo 06-08hr  (16121) embryo 08-10hr  (11358) embryo 10-12hr  10042 embryo 12-14hr    6181 embryo 14-16hr    6885 embryo 16-18hr    4873 embryo 18-20hr    3662 embryo 20-22hr    2645 embryo 22-24hr    2631 larva L1    5948 larva L2  (13802) larva L3 12hr old    9653 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (10866) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (20831) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (28653) white prepupae new  (33205) white prepupae 12hr  (15707) white prepupae 24hr  (17046) pupae 2d postWPP  (11797) pupae 3d postWPP  10119 pupae 4d postWPP  (13803) adult male 01day  (15137) adult male 05day  (16853) adult male 30day  (15569) adult female 01day  (16446) adult female 05day  (20472) adult female 30day  (19487) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    31015 embryo 02-04hr    11267 embryo 04-06hr    15856 embryo 06-08hr    16121 embryo 08-10hr    11358 embryo 10-12hr    10042 embryo 12-14hr    6181 embryo 14-16hr    6885 embryo 16-18hr    4873 embryo 18-20hr    3662 embryo 20-22hr    2645 embryo 22-24hr    2631 larva L1    5948 larva L2    13802 larva L3 12hr old    9653 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10866 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    20831 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    28653 white prepupae new    33205 white prepupae 12hr    15707 white prepupae 24hr    17046 pupae 2d postWPP    11797 pupae 3d postWPP    10119 pupae 4d postWPP    13803 adult male 01day    15137 adult male 05day    16853 adult male 30day    15569 adult female 01day    16446 adult female 05day    20472 adult female 30day    19487 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0261014 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    31015 embryo 02-04hr    11267 embryo 04-06hr    15856 embryo 06-08hr    16121 embryo 08-10hr    11358 embryo 10-12hr    10042 embryo 12-14hr    6181 embryo 14-16hr    6885 embryo 16-18hr    4873 embryo 18-20hr    3662 embryo 20-22hr    2645 embryo 22-24hr    2631 larva L1    5948 larva L2    13802 larva L3 12hr old    9653 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10866 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    20831 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    28653 white prepupae new    33205 white prepupae 12hr    15707 white prepupae 24hr    17046 pupae 2d postWPP    11797 pupae 3d postWPP    10119 pupae 4d postWPP    13803 adult male 01day    15137 adult male 05day    16853 adult male 30day    15569 adult female 01day    16446 adult female 05day    20472 adult female 30day    19487 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (31015) embryo 02-04hr  (11267) embryo 04-06hr  (15856) embryo 06-08hr  (16121) embryo 08-10hr  (11358) embryo 10-12hr  (10042) embryo 12-14hr  (6181) embryo 14-16hr  (6885) embryo 16-18hr  (4873) embryo 18-20hr  (3662) embryo 20-22hr  (2645) embryo 22-24hr  (2631) larva L1  (5948) larva L2  (13802) larva L3 12hr old  (9653) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (10866) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (20831) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (28653) white prepupae new  (33205) white prepupae 12hr  (15707) white prepupae 24hr  (17046) pupae 2d postWPP  (11797) pupae 3d postWPP  (10119) pupae 4d postWPP  (13803) adult male 01day  (15137) adult male 05day  (16853) adult male 30day  (15569) adult female 01day  (16446) adult female 05day  (20472) adult female 30day  (19487) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (31015) embryo 02-04hr  (11267) embryo 04-06hr  (15856) embryo 06-08hr  (16121) embryo 08-10hr  (11358) embryo 10-12hr  (10042) embryo 12-14hr  (6181) embryo 14-16hr  (6885) embryo 16-18hr  (4873) embryo 18-20hr  (3662) embryo 20-22hr  (2645) embryo 22-24hr  (2631) larva L1  (5948) larva L2  (13802) larva L3 12hr old  (9653) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (10866) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (20831) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (28653) white prepupae new  (33205) white prepupae 12hr  (15707) white prepupae 24hr  (17046) pupae 2d postWPP  (11797) pupae 3d postWPP  (10119) pupae 4d postWPP  (13803) adult male 01day  (15137) adult male 05day  (16853) adult male 30day  (15569) adult female 01day  (16446) adult female 05day  (20472) adult female 30day  (19487) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (31015) embryo 02-04hr  11267 embryo 04-06hr  15856 embryo 06-08hr  16121 embryo 08-10hr  11358 embryo 10-12hr  10042 embryo 12-14hr    6181 embryo 14-16hr    6885 embryo 16-18hr    4873 embryo 18-20hr    3662 embryo 20-22hr    2645 embryo 22-24hr    2631 larva L1    5948 larva L2  13802 larva L3 12hr old    9653 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  10866 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (20831) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (28653) white prepupae new  (33205) white prepupae 12hr  15707 white prepupae 24hr  17046 pupae 2d postWPP  11797 pupae 3d postWPP  10119 pupae 4d postWPP  13803 adult male 01day  15137 adult male 05day  16853 adult male 30day  15569 adult female 01day  16446 adult female 05day  20472 adult female 30day  19487 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    31015 embryo 02-04hr    11267 embryo 04-06hr    15856 embryo 06-08hr    16121 embryo 08-10hr    11358 embryo 10-12hr    10042 embryo 12-14hr    6181 embryo 14-16hr    6885 embryo 16-18hr    4873 embryo 18-20hr    3662 embryo 20-22hr    2645 embryo 22-24hr    2631 larva L1    5948 larva L2    13802 larva L3 12hr old    9653 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10866 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    20831 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    28653 white prepupae new    33205 white prepupae 12hr    15707 white prepupae 24hr    17046 pupae 2d postWPP    11797 pupae 3d postWPP    10119 pupae 4d postWPP    13803 adult male 01day    15137 adult male 05day    16853 adult male 30day    15569 adult female 01day    16446 adult female 05day    20472 adult female 30day    19487 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0261014    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0261014 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male reproductive system, larval/adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0261014 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1601.525 Larval Midgut    1811.5 Larval Hindgut    1781.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2782.6 Larval Fat Body    2046.4 Larval Salivary Gland    2608.1 Larval Trachea    1372.175 Larval Carcass    2413.7 Adult Head    849.6 Adult Eye    766.2 Adult Brain    531.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    616.5 Adult Crop    1085.4 Adult Midgut    1159.6 Adult Hindgut    801.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1101 Adult Fat Body    2135.2 Adult Salivary Gland    997.3 Adult Heart    1920.95 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1652 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1497.6 Adult Ovary    1755.8 Adult Testis    1710.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1082.1 Adult Carcass    1610.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1601.525) Larval Midgut  (1811.5) Larval Hindgut  (1781.5) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (2782.6) Larval Fat Body  (2046.4) Larval Salivary Gland  (2608.1) Larval Trachea  (1372.175) Larval Carcass  (2413.7) Adult Head  (849.6) Adult Eye  (766.2) Adult Brain  531.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (616.5) Adult Crop  (1085.4) Adult Midgut  (1159.6) Adult Hindgut  (801.2) Adult Malpighian Tubules  (1101) Adult Fat Body  (2135.2) Adult Salivary Gland  (997.3) Adult Heart  (1920.95) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (1652) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (1497.6) Adult Ovary  (1755.8) Adult Testis  (1710.6) Adult Male Accessory Gland  (1082.1) Adult Carcass  (1610.8) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1601.525) Larval Midgut  (1811.5) Larval Hindgut  (1781.5) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (2782.6) Larval Fat Body  (2046.4) Larval Salivary Gland  (2608.1) Larval Trachea  (1372.175) Larval Carcass  (2413.7) Adult Head    849.6 Adult Eye    766.2 Adult Brain    531.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    616.5 Adult Crop  (1085.4) Adult Midgut  (1159.6) Adult Hindgut    801.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules  (1101) Adult Fat Body  (2135.2) Adult Salivary Gland    997.3 Adult Heart  (1920.95) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (1652) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (1497.6) Adult Ovary  (1755.8) Adult Testis  (1710.6) Adult Male Accessory Gland  (1082.1) Adult Carcass  (1610.8) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1601.525 Larval Midgut    1811.5 Larval Hindgut    1781.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2782.6 Larval Fat Body    2046.4 Larval Salivary Gland    2608.1 Larval Trachea    1372.175 Larval Carcass    2413.7 Adult Head    849.6 Adult Eye    766.2 Adult Brain    531.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    616.5 Adult Crop    1085.4 Adult Midgut    1159.6 Adult Hindgut    801.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1101 Adult Fat Body    2135.2 Adult Salivary Gland    997.3 Adult Heart    1920.95 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1652 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1497.6 Adult Ovary    1755.8 Adult Testis    1710.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1082.1 Adult Carcass    1610.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0261014 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1601.525 Larval Midgut    1811.5 Larval Hindgut    1781.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2782.6 Larval Fat Body    2046.4 Larval Salivary Gland    2608.1 Larval Trachea    1372.175 Larval Carcass    2413.7 Adult Head    849.6 Adult Eye    766.2 Adult Brain    531.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    616.5 Adult Crop    1085.4 Adult Midgut    1159.6 Adult Hindgut    801.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1101 Adult Fat Body    2135.2 Adult Salivary Gland    997.3 Adult Heart    1920.95 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1652 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1497.6 Adult Ovary    1755.8 Adult Testis    1710.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1082.1 Adult Carcass    1610.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1601.525) Larval Midgut  (1811.5) Larval Hindgut  (1781.5) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (2782.6) Larval Fat Body  (2046.4) Larval Salivary Gland  (2608.1) Larval Trachea  (1372.175) Larval Carcass  (2413.7) Adult Head  (849.6) Adult Eye  766.2 Adult Brain  531.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  616.5 Adult Crop  (1085.4) Adult Midgut  (1159.6) Adult Hindgut  801.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules  (1101) Adult Fat Body  (2135.2) Adult Salivary Gland  (997.3) Adult Heart  (1920.95) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (1652) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (1497.6) Adult Ovary  (1755.8) Adult Testis  (1710.6) Adult Male Accessory Gland  (1082.1) Adult Carcass  (1610.8) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  1601.525 Larval Midgut  (1811.5) Larval Hindgut  (1781.5) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (2782.6) Larval Fat Body  (2046.4) Larval Salivary Gland  (2608.1) Larval Trachea  1372.175 Larval Carcass  (2413.7) Adult Head    849.6 Adult Eye    766.2 Adult Brain    531.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    616.5 Adult Crop  1085.4 Adult Midgut  1159.6 Adult Hindgut    801.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules  1101 Adult Fat Body  (2135.2) Adult Salivary Gland    997.3 Adult Heart  (1920.95) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  1652 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  1497.6 Adult Ovary  (1755.8) Adult Testis  1710.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland  1082.1 Adult Carcass  1610.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1601.525 Larval Midgut    1811.5 Larval Hindgut    1781.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2782.6 Larval Fat Body    2046.4 Larval Salivary Gland    2608.1 Larval Trachea    1372.175 Larval Carcass    2413.7 Adult Head    849.6 Adult Eye    766.2 Adult Brain    531.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    616.5 Adult Crop    1085.4 Adult Midgut    1159.6 Adult Hindgut    801.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1101 Adult Fat Body    2135.2 Adult Salivary Gland    997.3 Adult Heart    1920.95 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1652 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1497.6 Adult Ovary    1755.8 Adult Testis    1710.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1082.1 Adult Carcass    1610.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    849.6   NA  Eye    766.2   NA  Brain    531.4   1601.525  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    616.5   NA  Crop    1085.4   1811.5  Midgut    1159.6   1781.5  Hindgut    801.2   2782.6  Malpighian Tubules    1101   2046.4  Fat Body    2135.2   2608.1  Salivary Gland    997.3   NA  Heart    1920.95   1372.175  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    1652   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1497.6   NA  Ovary    1755.8   NA  Testis    1710.6   NA  Male Accessory Gland    1082.1   2413.7  Carcass    1610.8 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0261014
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 TER94GD9777 lethal (with Df(2R)X1) TER947-12 TER9414-23 TER9422-26 TER9422-30 TER9426-8 TER9443-6 TER9496-2 TER9403775 TER94k15502 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive TER9403775 TER94k15502 lethal | larval stage TER94K2A.Scer\UAS lethal | P-stage TER94K2A.Scer\UAS lethal | recessive TER947-12 TER9403775 TER94k15502 viable TER94CB04973 Other Phenotypes Allele flightless, with Scer\GAL4Mhc.PW TER94A229E.Scer\UAS TER94R152H.Scer\UAS TER94R188Q.Scer\UAS TER94Scer\UAS.cCa flightless | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4Mhc.PW, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B TER94A229E.Scer\UAS increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF TER94A229E.Scer\UAS.R TER94R152H.Scer\UAS.R increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS TER94Scer\UAS.cHa learning defective, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 TER94A229E.Scer\UAS TER94R188Q.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 TER94A229E.Scer\UAS TER94R152H.Scer\UAS TER94R188Q.Scer\UAS TER94Scer\UAS.cCa neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4ninaE.PT TER94K2A.Scer\UAS TER94R188Q.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS TER94Scer\UAS.cHa visible | recessive | somatic clone TER94k15502 Phenotype manifest in Allele A band, with Scer\GAL4Mhc.PW TER94A229E.Scer\UAS egg | germline clone TER94k15502 egg chamber | germline clone TER9403775 embryo | germline clone TER9414-23 TER9422-26 TER9443-8 TER947-12 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | germline clone TER947-12 endoplasmic reticulum & egg chamber TER9403775 eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF TER94R188Q.Scer\UAS TER94A229E.Scer\UAS TER94Scer\UAS.cRa TER94R152H.Scer\UAS.R TER94A229E.Scer\UAS.R eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS TER94Scer\UAS.cHa eye photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, TER94A229E.Scer\UAS TER94Scer\UAS.cCa eye photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, TER94R152H.Scer\UAS TER94Scer\UAS.cCa eye photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, TER94R188Q.Scer\UAS TER94Scer\UAS.cCa eye photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, TER94Scer\UAS.cCa TER94R152H.Scer\UAS TER94R188Q.Scer\UAS TER94A229E.Scer\UAS germarium | germline clone TER9403775 TER94k15502 head bristle | somatic clone TER94k15502 interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS TER94Scer\UAS.cHa muscle cell | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B TER94R152H.Scer\UAS TER94R188Q.Scer\UAS TER94A229E.Scer\UAS TER94K2A.Scer\UAS mushroom body, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 TER94R152H.Scer\UAS TER94R188Q.Scer\UAS TER94A229E.Scer\UAS ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF TER94R152H.Scer\UAS.R TER94A229E.Scer\UAS.R ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS TER94Scer\UAS.cHa oocyte | germline clone TER9422-30 TER9426-8 outer photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4ninaE.PT TER94R152H.Scer\UAS TER94R188Q.Scer\UAS TER94A229E.Scer\UAS TER94K2A.Scer\UAS pigment cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS TER94Scer\UAS.cHa rhabdomere, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF TER94R152H.Scer\UAS TER94R188Q.Scer\UAS TER94A229E.Scer\UAS rhabdomere, with Scer\GAL4ninaE.PT TER94R188Q.Scer\UAS scutellar bristle | somatic clone TER94k15502 sternopleural bristle | somatic clone TER94k15502
Classical Alleles ( 13 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of TER94 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion TER94k15502 P-element activity 2 Yes TER9403775 P-element activity 1 Yes TER9422-30 ethyl methanesulfonate diepoxybutane gamma ray 1 Yes TER9426-8 ethyl methanesulfonate diepoxybutane gamma ray 1 Yes TER94c04753 1 -- TER94EY03486 P-element activity 1 -- TER9414-23 ethyl methanesulfonate diepoxybutane gamma ray 0 -- TER9422-26 ethyl methanesulfonate diepoxybutane gamma ray 0 Yes TER9443-6 ethyl methanesulfonate diepoxybutane gamma ray 0 -- TER9443-8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- TER947-12 ethyl methanesulfonate diepoxybutane gamma ray 0 -- TER9496-2 ethyl methanesulfonate diepoxybutane gamma ray 0 -- TER94CB04973 P-element activity 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 15 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of TER94 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion TER94GD9777 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes TER94GL00448 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes TER94HMS00656 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes TER94JF03402 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes TER94A229E.Scer\UAS.R in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes TER94A229E.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes TER94E2Q.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes TER94K2A.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes TER94R152H.Scer\UAS.R in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes TER94R152H.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes TER94R188Q.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes TER94Scer\UAS.cCa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes TER94Scer\UAS.cHa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes TER94Scer\UAS.cMa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes TER94Scer\UAS.cRa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Ab(2R)55-20 (Goldstein et al., 2001) Ab(2R)89-22 (Goldstein et al., 2001) Df(2R)61-25 (Goldstein et al., 2001) Df(2R)71-81 (Goldstein et al., 2001) Df(2R)BSC152 (Christensen and Cook, 2006.5.11) Df(2R)X1 (Spradling et al., 1999, Leon and McKearin, 1999, Goldstein et al., 2001, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Bour et al., 1995) Df(2R)X3 (Spradling et al., 1999, Goldstein et al., 2001, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Bour et al., 1995)
Not disrupted in	Df(2R)64-10 (Goldstein et al., 2001) Df(2R)520 (Goldstein et al., 2001, Bour et al., 1995) Df(2R)eve (Goldstein et al., 2001, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Df(2R)stan2 (Goldstein et al., 2001)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD9777} NA P{TRiP.GL00448} NA P{TRiP.HMS00656} NA P{TRiP.JF03402} NA P{UAS-TER94.attB.A229E} NA P{UAS-TER94.attB.E2Q} NA P{UAS-TER94.attB.K2A} NA P{UAS-TER94.attB.R152H} NA P{UAS-TER94.attB.R188Q} NA P{UAS-TER94.attB} NA P{UAS-TER94.H} NA P{UAS-TER94.R152H} NA P{UAS-TER94.R} NA P{UAS-TER94} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EPgy2}TER94EY03486 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}l(2)SH2067SH2067 No P{lacW}TER94k15502 No P{PZ}TER9403775 No miscellaneous insertions P{PTT-GB}TER94CB04973 NA PBac{PB}TER94c04753 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 21 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 15 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
ATP catabolic process inferred from genetic interaction with Plip (Chang et al., 2011) endoplasmic reticulum organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Ruden et al., 2000) ER-associated protein catabolic process inferred from mutant phenotype (Chang et al., 2011) Golgi organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Ruden et al., 2000) microtubule cytoskeleton organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Ruden et al., 2000) oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization inferred from mutant phenotype (Xiao et al., 2002) pole plasm oskar mRNA localization inferred from mutant phenotype (Xiao et al., 2002) protein localization inferred from mutant phenotype (Xiao et al., 2002) proteolysis inferred from mutant phenotype (Lundgren et al., 2005) regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization inferred from mutant phenotype (Ruden et al., 2000) rhabdomere development inferred from mutant phenotype (Xiao et al., 2002)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Leon and McKearin, 1999) fusome inferred from direct assay (Leon and McKearin, 1999, Lighthouse et al., 2008) lipid particle inferred from direct assay (Beller et al., 2006) microtubule associated complex inferred from direct assay (Hughes et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 7 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
ATPase activity non-traceable author statement (Pinter, 1998.2.8) ATP binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003959, InterPro:IPR003960 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) nucleoside-triphosphatase activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003593 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
endoplasmic reticulum membrane fusion inferred from sequence or structural similarity with Saccharomyces CDC48 (Ruden et al., 2000)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
endoplasmic reticulum non-traceable author statement (Pinter, 1998.2.8) fusome non-traceable author statement (Deng and Lin, 2001, Leon and McKearin, 1998) proteasome complex non-traceable author statement (Lundgren et al., 2005)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene   nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions TER94 allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61868 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0261014 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0261014 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 36040
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF11135 Dere\TER94 Dgri\GH20288 Dmoj\GI19458 Dper\GL11509 Dpse\GA15351 Dsec\GM21173 Dsim\GD10706 Dvir\GJ21209 Dwil\GK21952 Dyak\GE19324
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dere\TER94   Dpse\GA15351
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL010585-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP005630-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_392892.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001949588.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) At3g09840.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (wall cress) 37479 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 267157 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) BGIBMGA003985-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000019970 Bos taurus (bovine) CAL0000732 Candida albicans (a form of yeast) CN21734 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP00148 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE05402 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000002927 Canis familiaris (dog) CAGL0J09350g Candida glabrata (haploid yeast) Chro.10043 Cryptosporidium hominis (obligate parasite) ENSCINP00000014598 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) JA14992 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) CML023C Cyanidioschyzon merolae (red alga) cn10071 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) cgd1_330 Cryptosporidium parvum (protozoan parasite) CPIJ004559 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000010789 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) 134171 Chlamidomonas reinhardtii (green alga) RP03069 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000018233 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) 161400 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0191154 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DEHA2G14960g Debaryomyces Hansenii (yeast) 308570 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000012048 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000008974 Equus caballus (horse) XP_650911 Entamoeba histolytica (anaerobic protozoan) ENSGACP00000012770 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000003089 Gallus gallus (chicken) GL50803_16867 Giardia lamblia (flagellated protozoan) 99560 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000351777 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW008933-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) KLLA0F05676g Kluyveromyces lactis (yeast) 216777 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) LmjF36.1370 Leishmania major (virus) 38701 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000009699 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000026582 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000030164 Mus musculus (house mouse) 190325 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) XP_001605497.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000023215 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000010644 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os03g05730.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) 14760 Ostreococcus tauri (green alga) PFF0940c Plasmodium falciparum (protozoal parasite) PHUM000214-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) PP07970 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) 144596 Physcomitrella patens (moss) ENSPPYP00000021408 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 53096 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 109633 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) 824692 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000058178 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) PVX_114095 Plasmodium vivax (protozoal parasite) ENSRNOP00000040121 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 4783118 Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) YDL126C Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) Smp_018240.3 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) SPAC1565.08 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) XP_801708.2 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 58897 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) TA06500 Theileria annulata (apicomplexan parasite) XP_966692.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Tc00.1047053509733.170 Trypanosoma cruzi (parasitic trypanosome) ENSTNIP00000018463 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) TP01_0937 Theileria parva (parasitic protozoan) 267952 Thalassiosira pseudonana (marine diatom) ENSTRUP00000045516 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 38.m00287 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) 91117.m00119 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) ENSXETP00000054726 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0F12155g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV13980 LH22836 FBgn0236673 FBgn0223937 FBgn0208342 FBgn0182471 FBgn0176054 JGI_V11_308570 FBgn0075370 FBgn0149118 FBgn0142196 FBgn0127752 FBgn0064608 FBgn0088175 CPIJ004559 BGIBMGA003985 ACYPI002286 GB20017 AGAP005630 AAEL012364 AAEL010585 PB23520 PHUM180850 GLEAN_09174
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 11 )
Bloomington	31968 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF03402}attP2 11349 cn1 P{PZ}TER9403775/CyO; ry506 35608 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.GL00448}attP2 32869 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS00656}attP2 10454 y1 w67c23; P{lacW}TER94k15502/CyO 20151 y1 w67c23; P{EPgy2}TER94EY03486/CyO 9872 Adhfn23 pr1 cn1 TER9426-8/CyO 9871 Adhfn23 pr1 cn1 TER9422-30/CyO
Harvard	- PBac{PB}TER94c04753
Kyoto	111109 yd2 w1118 P{ey-FLP.N}2 P{GMR-lacZ.C(38.1)}TPN1; P{neoFRT}42D P{lacW}TER94k15502 /CyO y+
VDRC	v24354 w1118; P{GD9777}v24354
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR01L01 BACR06J01 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 199 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	AT24528 GM02885 LP12034
Other clones	DPiM_GM02885
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT07244 AT08746 AT14034 AT23479 AT23653 AT24313 GH06787 GH11016 GH19271 GH22386 GM02613 GM05454 GM14457 GM15995 GM18748 GM19464 GM23404 GM24710 GM26823 GM30493 HL02245 HL03139 HL06670 HL08160 LD02018 LD03171 LD12376 LD15631 LD24781 LD27943 LD35348 LD35694 LD36779 LD37733 LD38356 LD39305 LD39736 LD42255 LD42913 LD43031 LD43093 LP01267 LP03278 LP03785 LP03966 LP05076 LP05388 LP06063 LP06442 LP08328 LP09270 LP09583 LP10027 LP11155 LP11264 LP11553 LP11707 LP17306 LP17754 LP18356 LP22123 LP23237 RE08720 RE14353 RE17441 RE17692 RE18150 RE22265 RE22314 RE27366 RE31159 RE32091 RE36093 RE41868 RE42931 RE45658 RE49514 RE50239 RE51514 RE59216 RE60338 RE60646 RE61042 RE61222 RE61279 RE62246 RE62368 RE62968 RE63944 RE64725 RE66557 RE70092 RE74182 RH17387 RH19287 RH48457 RH62067 RH64144 SD01049 SD01692 SD01912 SD06483 SD07554 SD07721 SD08371 SD09023 SD10127 SD12482 SD20519 SD22091 SD24549 SD26014 SD26033 SD26585
Other clones	5253 30597 61623 71073 72679 73724 73830 97171 106723 109072 145810 153020 156024 214445.40 557051 571162 571164 571285 bs17f04 CK01.20B.D4 CK01.20D.B10 CK01.21D.B10 CK01.21D.D5 CK01.21D.G12 CK01.49D.H10 CK01.58C.H4 CK01.70C.F9 CK01.70D.E4 CK01.71D.G10 CK01.72D.G3 CK01.99D.H5 CK01.102C.C12 CK01.107B.D9 CK01.141A.F9 CK01.170B.F2 CK00527 Dmel_dig_005742_0654_2569 Dmel_dig_006544_0641_0364 Dmel_dig_011473_0583_2462 Dmel_dig_013642_0714_1685 Dmel_dig_014730_0598_1304 Dmel_dig_015709_0624_1773 Dmel_dig_016421_0606_1817 Dmel_dig_016783_0593_2745 Dmel_dig_018280_0607_1405 EC052809 EK019139 EK020929 EK041263 EK047562 EK056221 EK056350 EK057044 EK057626 EK089415 EK104453 EK117721 EK124316 EK139726 EK162101 EK166544 EK186206 EK186758 EK199020 EK201548 EK203143 EK203241 EK248628 EK251408 EK256518 EN11931 EN13902 EN16229 EN16230 EN16521 EP19942 ESG019b.E21.2_B02 FGC015A02 FGM316H06 GH01132 LD22503
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0261014 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 36040 43975
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Leon and McKearin, 1999)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: TER94 Apple (Sackerson, 2001.1.17) Source for merge of: TER94 l(2)46CFf l(2)46CFs (Goldstein, 2004.3.15) Source for merge of: TER94 l(2)46Ch (Goldstein et al., 2001) Source for merge of: TER94 l(2)03775 (Spradling et al., 1999) Source for merge of: Tera TER94 (Leon and McKearin, 1999)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) TER94 is involved in osk localisation during oogenesis. (Ruden et al., 2000) Identification: approximately 3.3kb transcript identified during molecular analysis of the eve genomic region. (Sackerson et al., 1999) Identification: Physical interaction with bam protein in a yeast two hybrid assay. (Chandrasekaran et al., 1998, Leon and McKearin, 1998) TER94 has been cloned using an antibody to Canp, a Ca2+-activated protease (FBrf0055463), but TER94 protein expressed in E.coli does not show Ca2+-activated protease activity. (Pinter et al., 1998) A Drosophila homolog of CDC48, a protein that has been linked to vesicle fusion in yeast and vertebrate cells, isolated in a protein interaction screen showing interaction with bam. (McKearin, 1997) Complementation group identified in an EMS and DEB screen to isolate deficiencies that uncover Jra. (Goldstein et al., 1993)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_058021 NM_165726 NM_001103779 NM_001103780 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_477369 NP_724866 NP_001097249 NP_001097250 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA202843 AA440758 AA695476 AAC27447 AAD27852 AAF17568 AAF58863 AAF58864 AAN71276 ABV53745 ABV53746 AC007414 AF047037 AF132553 AF202034 AI297674 AI455273 AI945855 AQ025617 BT001521 CL705915 CQ847760 CQ847762 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 36040 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q7KN62 Q8IGZ2
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Cell division protein 48, Cdc48, domain 2 (IPR004201) ATPase, AAA-type, VAT, N-terminal (IPR003338) ATPase, AAA+ type, core (IPR003593) ATPase, AAA-type, core (IPR003959) ATPase, AAA-type, conserved site (IPR003960) ATPase, AAA-type, CDC48 (IPR005938) Aspartate decarboxylase-like fold (IPR009010) Vps4 oligomerisation, C-terminal (IPR015415) GO • GO:226 GO:4002 GO:7029 GO:7030 GO:7317 GO:16320
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61868 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0261014 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0261014 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0261014 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0261014 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0261014 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 36040 43975 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL010585-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP005630-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_392892.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001949588.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) At3g09840.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (wall cress) 37479 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 267157 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) BGIBMGA003985-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000019970 Bos taurus (bovine) CAL0000732 Candida albicans (a form of yeast) CN21734 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP00148 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE05402 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000002927 Canis familiaris (dog) CAGL0J09350g Candida glabrata (haploid yeast) Chro.10043 Cryptosporidium hominis (obligate parasite) ENSCINP00000014598 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) JA14992 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) CML023C Cyanidioschyzon merolae (red alga) cn10071 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) cgd1_330 Cryptosporidium parvum (protozoan parasite) CPIJ004559 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000010789 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) 134171 Chlamidomonas reinhardtii (green alga) RP03069 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000018233 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) 161400 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0191154 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DEHA2G14960g Debaryomyces Hansenii (yeast) 308570 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000012048 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000008974 Equus caballus (horse) XP_650911 Entamoeba histolytica (anaerobic protozoan) ENSGACP00000012770 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000003089 Gallus gallus (chicken) GL50803_16867 Giardia lamblia (flagellated protozoan) 99560 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000351777 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW008933-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) KLLA0F05676g Kluyveromyces lactis (yeast) 216777 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) LmjF36.1370 Leishmania major (virus) 38701 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000009699 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000026582 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000030164 Mus musculus (house mouse) 190325 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) XP_001605497.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000023215 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000010644 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os03g05730.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) 14760 Ostreococcus tauri (green alga) PFF0940c Plasmodium falciparum (protozoal parasite) PHUM000214-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) PP07970 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) 144596 Physcomitrella patens (moss) ENSPPYP00000021408 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 53096 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 109633 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) 824692 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000058178 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) PVX_114095 Plasmodium vivax (protozoal parasite) ENSRNOP00000040121 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 4783118 Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) YDL126C Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) Smp_018240.3 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) SPAC1565.08 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) XP_801708.2 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 58897 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) TA06500 Theileria annulata (apicomplexan parasite) XP_966692.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Tc00.1047053509733.170 Trypanosoma cruzi (parasitic trypanosome) ENSTNIP00000018463 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) TP01_0937 Theileria parva (parasitic protozoan) 267952 Thalassiosira pseudonana (marine diatom) ENSTRUP00000045516 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 38.m00287 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) 91117.m00119 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) ENSXETP00000054726 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0F12155g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 36040 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0261014 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV13980 LH22836 FBgn0236673 FBgn0223937 FBgn0208342 FBgn0182471 FBgn0176054 JGI_V11_308570 FBgn0075370 FBgn0149118 FBgn0142196 FBgn0127752 FBgn0064608 FBgn0088175 CPIJ004559 BGIBMGA003985 ACYPI002286 GB20017 AGAP005630 AAEL012364 AAEL010585 PB23520 PHUM180850 GLEAN_09174
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 34 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	7.12 (Currie and Sullivan, 1994) 22.26 (Currie and Sullivan, 1994) anon-WO2004063362.65   anon-WO2004063362.67   Apple (Sackerson et al., 1999, ) BcDNA:GM02885   BcDNA.GM02885 (Tsang, 1999.3.2) CDC48 (Dorer et al., 2006) CG2331 (Dunne et al., 2002, Dorer et al., 2006, Pisa et al., 2009, Hughes et al., 2008, Perkins et al., 2009, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Cammarato et al., 2011) DmTER94 (Frohlich, 2001) dmTERA (Leon and McKearin, 1998, Chandrasekaran et al., 1998, Patel and Latterich, 1998) dTERA (McKearin, 1998.3.18) dVCP (Ritson et al., 2010) I (Bour et al., 1995) l(2)46CFf   l(2)46CFs   l(2)46Ch   l(2)03775 (Beaton, 2000.1.31, Meister and Braun, 1995.10, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, ) p97 (Dorer et al., 2006) pTER94 (Wojcik et al., 2004) ter (Thomson et al., 2008) ter94 (Higashiyama et al., 2002, Goldstein et al., 2001, Dunne et al., 2002, Xiao et al., 2002, Ruden et al., 2000, Ruden et al., 1999, Xiao and Ruden, 2003, Koike et al., 2010) TER94 (Leon and McKearin, 1999, Nahvi et al., 2009, Beller et al., 2006, Stuart et al., 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Avery et al., 2009, Dorer et al., 2006, Pisa et al., 2009, Carpenter et al., 2009, Fujioka et al., 2009, Lighthouse et al., 2008, Ritson et al., 2010, Chang et al., 2011, Franco et al., 2011, Dekanty et al., 2010) Ter94 (Dunne and Rabouille, 2001, Sackerson, 2001.1.17, Hare et al., 2008) Tera   unnamed (Goldstein et al., 1993, McKearin, 1997) Vcp (Spradling et al., 1999) VCP (Avery et al., 2009) VCP/p97 (Wojcik et al., 2004)
Name Synonym	Complementation group I (Goldstein et al., 2001, Bour et al., 1995) ter94 (Higashiyama et al., 2002) TER94 (Cammarato et al., 2011) Ter94 (Hare et al., 2008) transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase (Pinter, 1998.2.8) Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase (McKearin, 1998.3.18) Valosin-containing protein (Spradling et al., 1999) valosin-containing protein (Avery et al., 2009)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0010554 FBgn0015484 FBgn0019709 FBgn0019722 FBgn0024280 FBgn0024923 FBgn0025353 FBgn0027618 FBgn0064213 FBgn0082213 FBgn0082214
References ( 78 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 78 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 32 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 4 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 15 ) Abstract  ( 8 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 3 ) Computer file  ( 3 ) Patent  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 5 )
	Chang et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(2): e1001288 Pathogenic VCP/TER94 Alleles Are Dominant Actives and Contribute to Neurodegeneration by Altering Cellular ATP Level in a Drosophila IBMPFD Model. [FBrf0213008] Franco et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Proteomics 10(5): M110.002188 A Novel Strategy to Isolate Ubiquitin Conjugates Reveals Wide Role for Ubiquitination during Neural Development. [FBrf0213919] Dekanty et al., 2010, PLoS Genet. 6(6): e1000994 Drosophila Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Identifies Multiple Regulators of HIF-Dependent Transcription in Hypoxia. [FBrf0211155] Koike et al., 2010, J. Biol. Chem. 285(28): 21736--21749 Valosin-containing Protein (VCP) in Novel Feedback Machinery between Abnormal Protein Accumulation and Transcriptional Suppression. [FBrf0211185] Ritson et al., 2010, J. Neurosci. 30(22): 7729--7739 TDP-43 mediates degeneration in a novel Drosophila model of disease caused by mutations in VCP/p97. [FBrf0210957] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...