FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\Ppcs
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Ppcs
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase
Annotation Symbol
CG5629
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0261285
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
11 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
phosphopantothenate--cysteine ligase (CTP) (6.3.2.5)
Gene Summary
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

dPPCS, 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
91F3-91F4
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-66
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:19139054..19147910
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (6 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables phosphopantothenate--cysteine ligase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Mostert et al., 2021)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables phosphopantothenate--cysteine ligase activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9HAB8
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000265180
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in phospholipid homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bosveld et al., 2008)
involved_in triglyceride homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bosveld et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in coenzyme A biosynthetic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000265180
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9HAB8
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000265180
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000265180
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
phosphopantothenate--cysteine ligase activity
(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate + L-cysteine + CTP = N-[(R)-4- phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine + CMP + diphosphate + H(+) (6.3.2.5)
RHEA 19397:
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ACID-AMINO ACID LIGASES -
Acid-amino acid ligases catalyze the ligation of an acid to an amino acid via a carbon-nitrogen bond.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Ppcs for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry E2QD26)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Stop-codon suppression (UGA) postulated; FBrf0216884.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Gene model reviewed during 6.02

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Ppcs-RA
FBtr0083752
NM_169848
4134
313
Ppcs-RC
FBtr0330044
NM_142527
4134
373
Ppcs-RD
FBtr0347007
NM_001316504
2192
313
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Ppcs-PA
FBpp0083166
35.8
313
6.27
Q7KN99
NP_732401
AAN13797
Ppcs-PC
FBpp0303077
42.6
373
6.46
E2QD26
NP_650784
AAF55637
Ppcs-PD
FBpp0312439
35.8
313
6.27
Q7KN99
NP_001303433
ALI30592
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

313 aa isoforms: Ppcs-PA, Ppcs-PD
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Ppcs using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.07

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
midline primordium | subset
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
larval midline neuron
(Kearney et al., 2004)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Ppcs in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 17 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Ppcs
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Ppcs
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)Delta-KX23
(Bosveld et al., 2008)
Df(3R)Exel6183
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal (with Df(3R)Delta-KX23)
lethal - all die before end of first instar larval stage | recessive
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable (with Df(3R)Delta-KX23)
viable (with Ppcs1)
viable (with Ppcs33)
Sterility
Allele
female sterile | recessive
sterile (with Df(3R)Delta-KX23)
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal flight
abnormal flight (with Ppcs1)
abnormal flight (with Ppcs33)
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage (with Ppcs1)
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage (with Ppcs33)
chemical sensitive
flightless
flightless (with Ppcs1)
flightless (with Ppcs33)
increased cell death
increased cell death | larval stage
increased cell death | larval stage (with Ppcs1)
increased cell death | larval stage (with Ppcs33)
increased cell number | female
paralytic | heat sensitive
radiation sensitive
radiation sensitive (with Ppcs1)
radiation sensitive (with Ppcs33)
short lived
some die during first instar larval stage | recessive
visible
visible (with Ppcs1)
visible (with Ppcs33)
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
actin filament & nurse cell
actin filament & oocyte
adult brain (with Ppcs1)
adult brain (with Ppcs33)
adult fat body (with Ppcs1)
adult fat body (with Ppcs33)
dorsal appendage | maternal effect
egg chamber (with Ppcs1)
egg chamber (with Ppcs33)
egg operculum | maternal effect
female germline cyst
follicle cell
germarium region 2b
larval brain (with Ppcs1)
larval brain (with Ppcs33)
Nebenkern
nurse cell
oocyte
ovariole
ovary
polar follicle cell | ectopic
retina (with Ppcs1)
retina (with Ppcs33)
scutellar bristle | ectopic
spermatid
spermatid (with Ppcs1)
spermatid (with Ppcs33)
stalk follicle cell
wing
wing (with Ppcs1)
wing (with Ppcs33)
wing vein | ectopic
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\PPCS
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\PPCDC
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Ppcs
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Ppcs
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Ppcdc
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\ppcs
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\mettl21a
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\ppcs
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\ppcdc
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\Y71H2AM.6
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\F25H9.6
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004311
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011994
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (5)
Atha\AT5G02080
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\COAB
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT1G48610
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ATHAL3B
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\HAL3A
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (4)
Scer\CAB2
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\CAB3
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\SIS2
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\VHS3
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\SPCC4B3.18
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\SPAC15E1.04
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)
Ecol\dfp
2 of 11
Yes
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Ppcs. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)
cni
2 of 13
cnir
2 of 13
Ppcdc
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
PPCS; phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase
model of  dilated cardiomyopathy 2C
IEA
(FlyBase, 2019-)
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
PpcsUAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA
exacerbates  cancer
modeled by MycUAS.cZa, p53RNAi.UAS.RasG12D
(Diaz et al., 2024)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
PPCS; phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase
13 of 14
609853
 
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
Select Layout:
Legend:
Protein
RNA
Selected Interactor(s)
Other Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
Ppcs
two hybrid
(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
Ppcs - Arpc3B
two hybrid
(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
Ppcs - CG10375
two hybrid
(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
esyN Network Key:
Suppression
Enhancement
Other Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Ppcs
suppressible
Sod1|Cat|Trxr1
(Bosveld et al., 2008)
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Linkouts
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
External Data
Linkouts
KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3R
Recombination map
3-66
Cytogenetic map
91F3-91F4
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
91F3-91F4
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}cdi07013&P{lacW}nosj3B6 and P{PZ}l(3)0334603346
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location

3-66

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-65.4

(Comeron et al., 2012)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (11)
Genomic Clones (20)
cDNA Clones (46)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
 

polyclonal

(Bosveld et al., 2008)
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Cell Line Information
Publicly Available Cell Lines
 
    Other Stable Cell Lines
     
      Other Comments

      Area matching Drosophila EST AA263693.

      (Davies, 2001.3.15)
      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of

      Source for merge of: Ppcs CG5629

      (Bosveld et al., 2008)

      Source for merge of: CG5629 anon-WO0118547.401

      (FlyBase, 1996-)
      Additional comments

      FlyBase curator comment: Correspondence with author Sibon confirmed that 'dPPCS' = CG5629.

      (Rana et al., 2007, Siudeja et al., 2007)

      Source for merge of CG5629 anon-WO0118547.401 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

      (FlyBase, 1996-)
      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of
      Nomenclature comments
      Etymology
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      Study result (0)
      Result
      Result Type
      Title
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 60 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      Linkouts
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
      References (63)