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Gene Dmel\salm

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\salm	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	spalt major	Annotation symbol	CG6464
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0261648
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	12 publicly available
Also Known As	sal, spalt
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map	2-44
Cytogenetic map	32F1-32F2	Sequence location	2L:11,434,311..11,445,603 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene spalt major is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\salm (CG6464, FBgn0261648). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. It is reported to have molecular function: sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity. There is experimental evidence for 12 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: system development; sensory organ development; neuron differentiation; development of primary male sexual characteristics; open tracheal system development; compound eye morphogenesis; development of primary sexual characteristics; antennal development; oenocyte development; cell fate commitment; sensory perception of sound. 30 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: adult segment; organ system subdivision; organ system; thoracic segment; non-connected developing system; tracheal system; integumentary specialisation; portion of tissue; imaginal precursor; sense organ. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Zinc finger, C2H2; Zinc finger, C2H2-like; Zinc finger, C2H2-type/integrase, DNA-binding. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 06-18 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult heart, adult fat body, larval trachea, adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1627881_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of salm. Gene sequence location is 2L:11434311..11445603.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	sal: spalt Embryonic lethal. Shows partial homeotic transformation of labium to prothorax and of A9 and 10 toward A8. Point mutants judged to be amorphic or nearly so judging from the phenotype of sal/Df compared with sal/sal. sal; Abd-B-double mutants exhibit thoracic structures in parasegments 14 and 15; similarly, sal and Scr seem to act independently on head structures in parasegments 2 and possibly 1.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10	References Grad et al., 2004, Bioinformatics 20(16): 2738--2750
FB2012_01	References Schönbauer et al., 2011, Nature 479(7373): 406--409 Rodriguez, 2011, PLoS ONE 6(4): e18418 Hamaratoglu et al., 2011, PLoS Biol. 9(10): e1001182 Sequence features BKN26735 HFA03606
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 32F1-32F2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(2)0400804008&P{PZ}cmet04431 and P{PZ}salm03602
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 32F1-32F2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 32F1-32F2     (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) 33A-33A   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Wagner-Bernholz et al., 1991)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-44 (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, )
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\salm for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	This model is based on genbank record X75541.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) salm-RA FBtr0089913  NM_164966   6107   1365
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	6.1 (northern blot, compiled cDNA) (Kuhnlein et al., 1994) 0.8 (northern blot) (Frei et al., 1988)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein salm-PA   FBpp0088852   150.3   1365   6.41     NP_723670   AAF53097
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	1355 (aa) (Kuhnlein et al., 1994)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, C2H2-type/integrase, DNA-binding (IPR013087) Zinc finger, C2H2-like (IPR015880) Zinc finger, C2H2 (IPR007087)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA539364   AE014134 AAF53097   AF369917   AJ578459   AY118906 AAM50766   CO190046   CO196687   CO265182   CO269519   CO282852   CO320782   CO329590   CO331250   EC061358   EC073579   EC216190   EC231861   EC243128   EL874445   EL874446   EL874522   EL874591   EL874592   EL874664   G00737   X75541 CAA53229
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P39770
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References protein binding site FBsf0000160891 2L:11,454,614..11,454,641 bound_moiety=Ubx-XP evidence=experimental (Galant et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160176 2L:11,455,643..11,455,655 bound_moiety=bcd-XP evidence=experimental comment=bcd binding site BCD7 (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160168 2L:11,455,834..11,455,848 bound_moiety=hkb-XP comment=hkb binding site HKB2 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160173 2L:11,455,737..11,455,749 bound_moiety=bcd-XP evidence=experimental comment=bcd binding site BCD6 (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160894 2L:11,455,643..11,455,655 bound_moiety=bcd-XP evidence=experimental (Kuhnlein et al., 1997, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160899 2L:11,455,800..11,455,833 bound_moiety=Kr-XP evidence=experimental (Kuhnlein et al., 1997, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160890 2L:11,455,166..11,455,191 bound_moiety=Ubx-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Galant et al., 2002) protein binding site FBsf0000160896 2L:11,455,732..11,455,741 bound_moiety=cad-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160161 2L:11,456,131..11,456,145 comment=hkb binding site HKB1, DNase I footprinting evidence=experimental bound_moiety=hkb-XP (Kuhnlein et al., 1997, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160889 2L:11,454,576..11,454,582 bound_moiety=sd-XP evidence=experimental (Guss et al., 2001, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160897 2L:11,455,737..11,455,749 bound_moiety=bcd-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160904 2L:11,456,122..11,456,133 evidence=experimental bound_moiety=bcd-XP (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160163 2L:11,456,122..11,456,133 bound_moiety=bcd-XP comment=bcd binding site BCD1, DNase I footprinting evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160905 2L:11,456,131..11,456,145 bound_moiety=hkb-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160166 2L:11,455,958..11,455,984 bound_moiety=cad-XP comment=cad binding site CAD 1 evidence=experimental (Kuhnlein et al., 1997, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160164 2L:11,456,018..11,456,054 bound_moiety=Kr-XP evidence=experimental comment=Kr binding site KR2, DNase I footprinting (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160900 2L:11,455,823..11,455,835 bound_moiety=bcd-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160898 2L:11,455,793..11,455,801 bound_moiety=bcd-XP evidence=experimental (Kuhnlein et al., 1997, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000161121 2L:11,455,650..11,455,657 bound_moiety=cad-XP comment=cad binding site CAD4 evidence=experimental (Kuhnlein et al., 1997, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160162 2L:11,456,122..11,456,136 bound_moiety=hb-XP comment=hb binding site HB1, DNase I footprinting evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160902 2L:11,456,122..11,456,136 bound_moiety=hb-XP evidence=experimental (Kuhnlein et al., 1997, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160901 2L:11,455,834..11,455,848 bound_moiety=hkb-XP evidence=experimental (Kuhnlein et al., 1997, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160174 2L:11,455,732..11,455,741 bound_moiety=cad-XP comment=cad binding site CAD2 evidence=experimental (Kuhnlein et al., 1997, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160892 2L:11,455,018..11,455,031 bound_moiety=Ubx-XP evidence=experimental (Galant et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000159751 2L:11,454,659..11,454,676 comment=Sd binds to the salm upstream region. Mutation of the binding site leads to loss of reporter gene expression in wing imaginal discs. evidence=experimental bound_moiety=Sd-XP (Guss et al., 2001) protein binding site FBsf0000160170 2L:11,455,800..11,455,833 bound_moiety=Kr-XP evidence=experimental comment=Kr binding site KR3 (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160165 2L:11,455,986..11,456,005 bound_moiety=Kr-XP comment=Kr binding site KR2 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160172 2L:11,455,773..11,455,781 bound_moiety=bcd-XP comment=bcd binding site BCD5 evidence=experimental (Kuhnlein et al., 1997, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160888 2L:11,454,863..11,454,876 bound_moiety=Ubx-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Galant et al., 2002) protein binding site FBsf0000160167 2L:11,455,854..11,455,865 bound_moiety=bcd-XP comment=bcd binding site BCD2 evidence=experimental linked_to=4177-_rfrag (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160171 2L:11,455,793..11,455,801 bound_moiety=bcd-XP comment=bcd binding site BCD4 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160893 2L:11,455,642..11,455,654 bound_moiety=Kr-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160903 2L:11,456,122..11,456,133 bound_moiety=bcd-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160175 2L:11,455,703..11,455,718 bound_moiety=cad-XP evidence=experimental comment=cad binding site CAD3 (Kuhnlein et al., 1997, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160895 2L:11,455,650..11,455,657 bound_moiety=cad-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160169 2L:11,455,823..11,455,835 bound_moiety=bcd-XP evidence=experimental comment=bcd binding site BCD3 (Bergman et al., 2004, Kuhnlein et al., 1997) protein binding site FBsf0000160887 2L:11,454,563..11,454,576 bound_moiety=Ubx-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Galant et al., 2002) protein binding site FBsf0000160177 2L:11,455,642..11,455,654 bound_moiety=Kr-XP evidence=experimental comment=Kr binding site KR4 (Kuhnlein et al., 1997, Bergman et al., 2004) regulatory region FBsf0000161171 2L:11,448,948..11,450,040 evidence=experimental linked_to=EcoRI-BamHI_rfrag comment=drives expression in the tracheal system and in the posterior spiracles, see EcollacZsalm.TSE (Kuhnlein et al., 1997) regulatory region FBsf0000161388 2L:11,455,732..11,456,154 evidence=experimental linked_to=SalI-RsaI_rfrag comment=region drives expression in the blastoderm in a pattern close to the wild-type salm transcript expression pattern; see EcollacZsalm.BE421 (Kuhnlein et al., 1997) regulatory region FBsf0000161391 2L:11,455,639..11,455,916 evidence=experimental linked_to=PvuI-PvuI_rfrag comment=drives expression in the anterior and head domains in the blastoderm (Kuhnlein et al., 1997) regulatory region FBsf0000161387 2L:11,455,911..11,456,154 evidence=experimental linked_to=SalI-PvuI_rfrag comment=region drives expression in the posterior domain in the blastoderm (Kuhnlein et al., 1997) regulatory region FBsf0000161390 2L:11,445,486..11,456,154 evidence=experimental linked_to=SalI-ClaI_rfrag comment=10.2kb region drives reporter expression in the wild type salm pattern, in the blastoderm, wing discs, tracheal system, and posterior spiracles. See construct EcollacZsalm.10.2S:C. (Kuhnlein et al., 1997) regulatory region FBsf0000161389 2L:11,455,431..11,456,154 comment=region drives expression in the blastoderm in the wild-type salm transcript expression pattern evidence=experimental linked_to=SalI-PvuII_rfrag (Kuhnlein et al., 1997) regulatory region FBsf0000161386 2L:11,456,149..11,457,303 evidence=experimental linked_to=SalI-SalI_rfrag comment=The region distal to the blastoderm-specific enhancer mediates some aspects of salm expression in the CNS. (Kuhnlein et al., 1997)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 5   organism | 80% egg length   (Frei et al., 1988) Comment:85% egg length organism | 80-90% egg length   (Kuhnlein et al., 1994) Comment:80-86% egg length organism | 10-20% egg length   (Kuhnlein et al., 1994) Comment:12-20% egg length organism | 0-20% egg length   (Frei et al., 1988) Comment:0-15% egg length embryonic cycle 14   organism | ventro-lateral   (Frei et al., 1988) embryonic stage 13 -- 17   cuticle | precursor & segmentally repeated   (Frei et al., 1988) embryonic stage 16 -- 17   eye-antennal disc primordium   (Frei et al., 1988) genital disc primordium   (Frei et al., 1988) third instar larval stage   wing disc | restricted   (de Celis et al., 1996) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 3 -- 15     (Frei et al., 1988) Comment:reference states 1-12 hr AEL gastrula stage   cephalic furrow | posterior   (Frei et al., 1988) embryonic stage 13   embryonic/larval hindgut   (Frei et al., 1988)
Additional Descriptive Data
	The salm transcript is present in 1-12 hour embryos, and at low levels in second instar larvae. salm transcript is first detected in embryonic cycle 14 of the syncytial blastoderm embryo in a ventro-lateral position. At the cellular blastoderm stage, the transcript is present at high levels in a region at 60-70% egg length and at 0-15% egg length. At the extended germ band stage, the posterior domain consists of the upper section of the midgut and hindgut rudiments, and the anterior domain is over the posterior portion of the cephalic furrow. The anterior and posterior domains of high salm expression persist through the extended germ band stage. At germ band retraction, salm transcript is present in the hindgut and in the cuticle primordium of each segment. After dorsal closure, salm is expressed in an area corresponding to the eye-antennal disc and the genital disc. Low level cuticle expression is still detected. (Frei et al., 1988) In the cellular blastoderm stage embryo (stage 5), salm transcript is detected in three regions: a stripe in the posterior (12-20% of egg length), one in the anterior (60-70% egg length), and a "horse-shoe" domain at 80-86% egg length, in the presumptive pregnathal head region. (Kuhnlein et al., 1994) salr and salm transcripts and proteins are distributed in identical patterns in the third larval instar wing disc. In late third instar larval discs, expression is detected in a band perpendicular to the dorsoventral boundary. (de Celis et al., 1996)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
immunohistochemistry Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference third instar larval stage   wing disc | posterior compartment   (Barrio and de Celis, 2004) Comment:high expression in posterior compartment immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   C1 chordotonal organ precursor cell   • nucleus (Elstob et al., 2001) embryonic stage 4   organism | 60-70% egg length   (Kuhnlein et al., 1994) Comment:late stage 4; ~60-70% egg length embryonic stage 5   organism | 10-20% egg length   (Kuhnlein et al., 1994) Comment:~12-20% egg length organism | 80-90% egg length   (Kuhnlein et al., 1994) Comment:~80-86% egg length embryonic stage 11   parasegment 1 -- parasegment 3   (Kuhnlein et al., 1994) parasegment 14 & parasegment 15   (Kuhnlein et al., 1994) ventral neurogenic region   (Kuhnlein et al., 1994) embryonic stage 12   posterior spiracle primordium   (Kuhnlein et al., 1994) embryonic stage 14 -- 17   embryonic/larval dorsal trunk   (Dorfman et al., 2002) embryonic/larval oenocyte precursor   (Dorfman et al., 2002) embryonic stage 15 -- 17   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Kuhnlein et al., 1994) embryonic/larval tracheal system   (Kuhnlein et al., 1994) embryonic stage 16   embryonic/larval posterior spiracle   (Barrio et al., 1996) presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Barrio et al., 1996) abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 | restricted & subset   • nucleus (Elstob et al., 2001) embryonic/larval oenocyte   • nucleus (Elstob et al., 2001) third instar larval stage   wing disc | restricted   (de Celis et al., 1996, Haerry et al., 1998) photoreceptor cell R3 | subset   (Domingos et al., 2004) photoreceptor cell R4 | subset   (Domingos et al., 2004) cone cell | subset   (Domingos et al., 2004) photoreceptor cell R7   (Wernet et al., 2003) photoreceptor cell R8   (Wernet et al., 2003) wing pouch | central   (Arquier et al., 2001) mesothoracic tergum primordium   (Arquier et al., 2001) wing disc | dorsal compartment & medial   (Milan et al., 2002) third instar larval stage -- adult stage   photoreceptor cell R7   (Domingos et al., 2004) photoreceptor cell R8   (Domingos et al., 2004) late third instar larval stage   photoreceptor cell | subset   (Arquier et al., 2001) eye disc | restricted   (Arquier et al., 2001)
Additional Descriptive Data
	salr and salm proteins are predominantly nuclear. (Barrio and de Celis, 2004, Barrio et al., 1996) salr and salm transcripts and proteins are distributed in identical patterns in the third larval instar wing disc. In late third instar larval discs, expression is detected in a band perpendicular to the dorsoventral boundary. (de Celis et al., 1996) The salm protein is expressed in the central region of the wing pouch flanking the anterior-posterior boundary. (Haerry et al., 1998) salr and salm protein expression patterns were compared. The proteins have identical staining patterns in the wing imaginal disc (FBrf0087811) but have different patterns in the embryonic CNS and spiracles. salr is more abundant in the embryonic brain, while salm is more abundant in the posterior spiracle. The two proteins have overlapping but non-identical patterns in the ventral cord. (Barrio et al., 1996) The pattern ofexpression of the Spalt proteins, products of salm and salr, are restricted to the medial portion of the dorsal compartment of the wing disc during third instar. (Milan et al., 2002) salm is expressed in non-neuronal cells of the Lch5. (Elstob et al., 2001) Larval expression of salm protein is observed in photoreceptor cells R3 and R4 starting in row 3 and progressively fading between rows 7 and 11, in photoreceptor cell R7 starting in row 9, in photoreceptor cell R8 starting in row 11, in the anterior and posterior cone cells starting in row 11, and the four cone cells by row 14-15. By 24 hours pupariation, salm protein continues to be expressed in photoreceptor cells R7 and R8. (Domingos et al., 2004) In late stage 4embryos, salm protein is detected in a circumferential band at about60-70% egg length. This stripe persists into the cellular blastoderm stage(stage 5), when salm protein accumulation is seen in two additionalregions, at 12-20% egg length, and 80-86% egg length. salm transcriptand protein expression patterns in the cellular blastoderm stage embryothus overlap. At the extended germ band stage (stage 11), salm proteinaccumulates in the neurectoderm in a segmental pattern. Colocalizationstudies with en protein indicate that, although salm proteinexpression is strongest in parasegments 1 to 3, and again in parasegments14 and 15, some weak expression is also seen in parasegment 4. In stage 15to 17 embryos, salm protein is present in the central nervous system, aswell as the tracheal system. (Kuhnlein et al., 1994)
Marker for
	photoreceptor cell R7 photoreceptor cell R3 embryonic/larval dorsal trunk photoreceptor cell R4 embryonic oenocyte photoreceptor cell R8
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	nucleus (Barrio et al., 1996)
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0261648    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0261648 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 06-18 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0261648 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    54 embryo 02-04hr    1363 embryo 04-06hr    1255 embryo 06-08hr    1888 embryo 08-10hr    1665 embryo 10-12hr    1281 embryo 12-14hr    1602 embryo 14-16hr    919 embryo 16-18hr    677 embryo 18-20hr    636 embryo 20-22hr    508 embryo 22-24hr    546 larva L1    394 larva L2    226 larva L3 12hr old    137 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    132 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    294 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    413 white prepupae new    389 white prepupae 12hr    482 white prepupae 24hr    750 pupae 2d postWPP    780 pupae 3d postWPP    741 pupae 4d postWPP    321 adult male 01day    376 adult male 05day    371 adult male 30day    262 adult female 01day    204 adult female 05day    62 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    54 embryo 02-04hr  (1363) embryo 04-06hr  (1255) embryo 06-08hr  (1888) embryo 08-10hr  (1665) embryo 10-12hr  (1281) embryo 12-14hr  (1602) embryo 14-16hr  (919) embryo 16-18hr  (677) embryo 18-20hr  (636) embryo 20-22hr  (508) embryo 22-24hr  (546) larva L1  (394) larva L2  (226) larva L3 12hr old  (137) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (132) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (294) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (413) white prepupae new  (389) white prepupae 12hr  (482) white prepupae 24hr  (750) pupae 2d postWPP  (780) pupae 3d postWPP  (741) pupae 4d postWPP  (321) adult male 01day  (376) adult male 05day  (371) adult male 30day  (262) adult female 01day  (204) adult female 05day    62 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    54 embryo 02-04hr    1363 embryo 04-06hr    1255 embryo 06-08hr  (1888) embryo 08-10hr  (1665) embryo 10-12hr    1281 embryo 12-14hr  (1602) embryo 14-16hr    919 embryo 16-18hr    677 embryo 18-20hr    636 embryo 20-22hr    508 embryo 22-24hr    546 larva L1    394 larva L2    226 larva L3 12hr old    137 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    132 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    294 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    413 white prepupae new    389 white prepupae 12hr    482 white prepupae 24hr    750 pupae 2d postWPP    780 pupae 3d postWPP    741 pupae 4d postWPP    321 adult male 01day    376 adult male 05day    371 adult male 30day    262 adult female 01day    204 adult female 05day    62 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    54 embryo 02-04hr    1363 embryo 04-06hr    1255 embryo 06-08hr    1888 embryo 08-10hr    1665 embryo 10-12hr    1281 embryo 12-14hr    1602 embryo 14-16hr    919 embryo 16-18hr    677 embryo 18-20hr    636 embryo 20-22hr    508 embryo 22-24hr    546 larva L1    394 larva L2    226 larva L3 12hr old    137 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    132 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    294 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    413 white prepupae new    389 white prepupae 12hr    482 white prepupae 24hr    750 pupae 2d postWPP    780 pupae 3d postWPP    741 pupae 4d postWPP    321 adult male 01day    376 adult male 05day    371 adult male 30day    262 adult female 01day    204 adult female 05day    62 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    54 embryo 02-04hr    1363 embryo 04-06hr    1255 embryo 06-08hr    1888 embryo 08-10hr    1665 embryo 10-12hr    1281 embryo 12-14hr    1602 embryo 14-16hr    919 embryo 16-18hr    677 embryo 18-20hr    636 embryo 20-22hr    508 embryo 22-24hr    546 larva L1    394 larva L2    226 larva L3 12hr old    137 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    132 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    294 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    413 white prepupae new    389 white prepupae 12hr    482 white prepupae 24hr    750 pupae 2d postWPP    780 pupae 3d postWPP    741 pupae 4d postWPP    321 adult male 01day    376 adult male 05day    371 adult male 30day    262 adult female 01day    204 adult female 05day    62 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0261648 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    54 embryo 02-04hr    1363 embryo 04-06hr    1255 embryo 06-08hr    1888 embryo 08-10hr    1665 embryo 10-12hr    1281 embryo 12-14hr    1602 embryo 14-16hr    919 embryo 16-18hr    677 embryo 18-20hr    636 embryo 20-22hr    508 embryo 22-24hr    546 larva L1    394 larva L2    226 larva L3 12hr old    137 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    132 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    294 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    413 white prepupae new    389 white prepupae 12hr    482 white prepupae 24hr    750 pupae 2d postWPP    780 pupae 3d postWPP    741 pupae 4d postWPP    321 adult male 01day    376 adult male 05day    371 adult male 30day    262 adult female 01day    204 adult female 05day    62 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    54 embryo 02-04hr  (1363) embryo 04-06hr  (1255) embryo 06-08hr  (1888) embryo 08-10hr  (1665) embryo 10-12hr  (1281) embryo 12-14hr  (1602) embryo 14-16hr  (919) embryo 16-18hr  (677) embryo 18-20hr  (636) embryo 20-22hr  (508) embryo 22-24hr  (546) larva L1  (394) larva L2  (226) larva L3 12hr old  137 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  132 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (294) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (413) white prepupae new  (389) white prepupae 12hr  (482) white prepupae 24hr  (750) pupae 2d postWPP  (780) pupae 3d postWPP  (741) pupae 4d postWPP  (321) adult male 01day  (376) adult male 05day  (371) adult male 30day  (262) adult female 01day  (204) adult female 05day    62 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    54 embryo 02-04hr    1363 embryo 04-06hr    1255 embryo 06-08hr  1888 embryo 08-10hr  1665 embryo 10-12hr    1281 embryo 12-14hr  1602 embryo 14-16hr    919 embryo 16-18hr    677 embryo 18-20hr    636 embryo 20-22hr    508 embryo 22-24hr    546 larva L1    394 larva L2    226 larva L3 12hr old    137 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    132 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    294 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    413 white prepupae new    389 white prepupae 12hr    482 white prepupae 24hr    750 pupae 2d postWPP    780 pupae 3d postWPP    741 pupae 4d postWPP    321 adult male 01day    376 adult male 05day    371 adult male 30day    262 adult female 01day    204 adult female 05day    62 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    54 embryo 02-04hr    1363 embryo 04-06hr    1255 embryo 06-08hr    1888 embryo 08-10hr    1665 embryo 10-12hr    1281 embryo 12-14hr    1602 embryo 14-16hr    919 embryo 16-18hr    677 embryo 18-20hr    636 embryo 20-22hr    508 embryo 22-24hr    546 larva L1    394 larva L2    226 larva L3 12hr old    137 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    132 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    294 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    413 white prepupae new    389 white prepupae 12hr    482 white prepupae 24hr    750 pupae 2d postWPP    780 pupae 3d postWPP    741 pupae 4d postWPP    321 adult male 01day    376 adult male 05day    371 adult male 30day    262 adult female 01day    204 adult female 05day    62 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    54 embryo 02-04hr    1363 embryo 04-06hr    1255 embryo 06-08hr    1888 embryo 08-10hr    1665 embryo 10-12hr    1281 embryo 12-14hr    1602 embryo 14-16hr    919 embryo 16-18hr    677 embryo 18-20hr    636 embryo 20-22hr    508 embryo 22-24hr    546 larva L1    394 larva L2    226 larva L3 12hr old    137 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    132 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    294 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    413 white prepupae new    389 white prepupae 12hr    482 white prepupae 24hr    750 pupae 2d postWPP    780 pupae 3d postWPP    741 pupae 4d postWPP    321 adult male 01day    376 adult male 05day    371 adult male 30day    262 adult female 01day    204 adult female 05day    62 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0261648    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0261648 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult heart, adult fat body, larval trachea, adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0261648 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.75 Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    27.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    377.625 Larval Carcass    67.1 Adult Head    32 Adult Eye    86.95 Adult Brain    53.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    57.9 Adult Crop    5.7 Adult Midgut    2.4 Adult Hindgut    34 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    225.7 Adult Salivary Gland    9.7 Adult Heart    222.125 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    11.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    125.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.75 Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    27.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    377.625 Larval Carcass    67.1 Adult Head    32 Adult Eye    86.95 Adult Brain    53.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    57.9 Adult Crop    5.7 Adult Midgut    2.4 Adult Hindgut    34 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    225.7 Adult Salivary Gland    9.7 Adult Heart    222.125 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    11.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    125.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.75 Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    27.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    377.625 Larval Carcass    67.1 Adult Head    32 Adult Eye    86.95 Adult Brain    53.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    57.9 Adult Crop    5.7 Adult Midgut    2.4 Adult Hindgut    34 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    225.7 Adult Salivary Gland    9.7 Adult Heart    222.125 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    11.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    125.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.75 Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    27.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    377.625 Larval Carcass    67.1 Adult Head    32 Adult Eye    86.95 Adult Brain    53.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    57.9 Adult Crop    5.7 Adult Midgut    2.4 Adult Hindgut    34 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    225.7 Adult Salivary Gland    9.7 Adult Heart    222.125 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    11.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    125.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0261648 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.75 Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    27.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    377.625 Larval Carcass    67.1 Adult Head    32 Adult Eye    86.95 Adult Brain    53.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    57.9 Adult Crop    5.7 Adult Midgut    2.4 Adult Hindgut    34 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    225.7 Adult Salivary Gland    9.7 Adult Heart    222.125 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    11.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    125.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.75 Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    27.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    377.625 Larval Carcass    67.1 Adult Head    32 Adult Eye    86.95 Adult Brain    53.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    57.9 Adult Crop    5.7 Adult Midgut    2.4 Adult Hindgut    34 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    225.7 Adult Salivary Gland    9.7 Adult Heart    222.125 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    11.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    125.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.75 Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    27.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    377.625 Larval Carcass    67.1 Adult Head    32 Adult Eye    86.95 Adult Brain    53.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    57.9 Adult Crop    5.7 Adult Midgut    2.4 Adult Hindgut    34 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    225.7 Adult Salivary Gland    9.7 Adult Heart    222.125 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    11.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    125.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    195.75 Larval Midgut    4.6 Larval Hindgut    27.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    377.625 Larval Carcass    67.1 Adult Head    32 Adult Eye    86.95 Adult Brain    53.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    57.9 Adult Crop    5.7 Adult Midgut    2.4 Adult Hindgut    34 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    225.7 Adult Salivary Gland    9.7 Adult Heart    222.125 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    11.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    125.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    32   NA  Eye    86.95   NA  Brain    53.4   195.75  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    57.9   NA  Crop    5.7   4.6  Midgut    2.4   27.9  Hindgut    34   3.7  Malpighian Tubules    3.1   1.2  Fat Body    225.7   2  Salivary Gland    9.7   NA  Heart    222.125   377.625  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8   NA  Ovary    1.4   NA  Testis    11.7   NA  Male Accessory Gland    3.5   67.1  Carcass    125.1 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004579
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4 salmScer\UAS.cKa lethal, with Scer\GAL4sca-4512 salmGS-A265c lethal | embryonic stage | homeotic | recessive salmunspecified lethal | embryonic stage | recessive salm1 salm2 salm3 salm16 salmFCK-70 lethal | larval stage salm32FP-5 lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmScer\UAS.cKa lethal | recessive salm03602 semi-lethal salm03602 semi-lethal | recessive salm03602 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 salmGD1525 Other Phenotypes Allele neuroanatomy defective (with Df(2L)32FP-5) salm3 visible, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmB1164 visible, with Scer\GAL4salm.EPv salmIKDP.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-ECFP salmScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-ECFP visible | recessive salm1 wild-type salmC20-sal26 Phenotype manifest in Allele 2nd posterior cell salmunspecified abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E salmScer\UAS.cKa abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 (with Df(2L)32FP-5) salm3 abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 & scolopidial dendritic cap cell | supernumerary (with Df(2L)32FP-5) salm3 abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 & scolopidial ligament cell (with Df(2L)32FP-5) salm3 abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 & scolopidial neuron | supernumerary (with Df(2L)32FP-5) salm3 abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 & scolopidial sheath cell | supernumerary (with Df(2L)32FP-5) salm3 abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 & scolopidium | supernumerary (with Df(2L)32FP-5) salm3 abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 | supernumerary salm3 salm1 abdominal segment 8 salm1 abdominal segment 9 salm1 adherens junction & embryonic dorsal branch, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS salmScer\UAS.cKa adherens junction & embryonic ganglionic branch, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS salmScer\UAS.cKa adherens junction & embryonic tracheal system, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS salmScer\UAS.cKa anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmB1164 dorsal triple row salm16 dorsal triple row | ectopic salm1 embryonic/larval dorsal anastomosis, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS salmScer\UAS.cKa embryonic/larval dorsal branch salmunspecified embryonic/larval dorsal branch, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS salmScer\UAS.cKa embryonic/larval dorsal trunk salmunspecified salm3 salmhs.PK salm16 embryonic/larval dorsal trunk, with Scer\GAL4salm.TSE salmScer\UAS.cKa embryonic/larval glial cell (with Df(2L)32FP-5) salm3 embryonic/larval lateral trunk, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS salmScer\UAS.cKa embryonic/larval lateral trunk | ectopic salmunspecified embryonic/larval neuron (with Df(2L)32FP-5) salm3 embryonic/larval oenocyte salm3 embryonic/larval oenocyte, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E salmScer\UAS.cKa embryonic/larval oenocyte (with Df(2L)32FP-5) salm3 embryonic/larval posterior spiracle | embryonic stage salm1 embryonic/larval visceral branch | ectopic salmunspecified embryonic abdominal segment 9 salmunspecified embryonic labial segment salmunspecified glial cell | supernumerary (with Df(2L)32FP-5) salm3 head, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmScer\UAS.cKa leg, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmScer\UAS.cKa salmB1164 leg | proximal, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmB1164 macrochaeta salm1 macrochaeta | ectopic salm1 salm16 medial triple row salm16 medial triple row | ectopic salm1 mesothoracic leg disc, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmScer\UAS.cKa salmB1164 mesothoracic preepisternum, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmB1164 mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmScer\UAS.cKa mesothoracic tergum | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4 salmScer\UAS.cKa mesothoracic tergum | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmScer\UAS.cKa salmB1164 posterior crossvein salm1 salm16 presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with Df(2L)32FP-5) salm3 presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system salm32FP-5 second segment of antenna (with Df(2L)32FP-5) salmFCK-25 stigmatophore salm2 submarginal cell salmunspecified third segment of antenna (with Df(2L)32FP-5) salmFCK-25 third segment of antenna | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmScer\UAS.cKa tracheal primordium salm32FP-5 tracheal primordium, with Scer\GAL4Kr.PM salmScer\UAS.cKa tracheal primordium | ectopic salm3 salm16 tracheal system salmhs.PK tracheal system, with Scer\GAL4Kr.PM salmScer\UAS.cKa unguis, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmScer\UAS.cKa ventral nerve cord commissure, with Scer\GAL4sca-4512 salmGS-A265c ventral triple row salm16 ventral triple row | ectopic salm1 wing salm3 wing, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4 salmScer\UAS.cKa wing, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmScer\UAS.cKa salmB1164 wing, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62 salmScer\UAS.cBa wing, with Scer\GAL4salm.EPv salmScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-ECFP salmIKDP.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-ECFP wing & macrochaeta salm1 salm16 wing | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmScer\UAS.cKa wing | proximal, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmB1164 wing disc, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmScer\UAS.cKa wing hinge | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 salmScer\UAS.cKa wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4salm.EPv salmScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-ECFP salmIKDP.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-ECFP wing vein L2 salmunspecified wing vein L2, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62 salmScer\UAS.cBa wing vein L2 | ectopic salm1 salm16 wing vein L3 salmunspecified wing vein L5 salmunspecified salm1 salm16 wing vein L5, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62 salmScer\UAS.cBa
Classical Alleles ( 21 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of salm Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion salm1 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- salm03602 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 1 -- salm32FP-5 Delta2-3 1 Yes salmA405.1M2 P-element activity 1 Yes salmLP39 P-element activity 1 -- salm3 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes salm16 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes salm2 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- salm3.5Z-1 P-element activity 0 Yes salm3.5Z-2 P-element activity 0 Yes salm3.5Z-3 P-element activity 0 Yes salm65 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes salmB1164 0 Yes salmFCK-20 X ray 0 Yes salmFCK-25 X ray 0 Yes salmFCK-68 X ray 0 Yes salmFCK-70 X ray 0 -- salmFCK-73 X ray 0 Yes salmGS-A265c P-element activity 0 -- salmR7T3.8 P-element activity 0 Yes salmunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of salm Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion salmGD1525 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes salmScer\UAS.cKa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes salmHMS00594 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes salmKK106735 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes salmC20-sal26 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes salmhs.PK in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes salmIKDP.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-ECFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes salmScer\UAS.cBa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes salmScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-ECFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2L)32FP-1 (Barrio et al., 1999) Df(2L)32FP-5 (de Celis et al., 1996, Shen and Dahmann, 2005, Barrio et al., 1999, Zhai et al., 2009) Df(2L)32FP-8 (Barrio et al., 1999) Df(2L)BSC236 (Christensen and Cook, 2006.12.5) Df(2L)BSC241 (Christensen and Cook, 2006.12.5) Df(2L)BSC242 (Christensen and Cook, 2008.4.15) Df(2L)BSC343 (Christensen and Cook, 2007.10.29) Df(2L)esc-P2-0 (Frei et al., 1988, Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995, Jurgens, 1988) Df(2L)esc-P2-0+Dp(2;2)GYL (Jurgens, 1988) Df(2L)esc-P3-0 (Barrio et al., 1999, Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995, Jurgens, 1988) Df(2L)Exel6029 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2L)FCK-20 (Barrio et al., 1999) Df(2L)prd (Jurgens, 1988, ) Df(2L)prd+Dp(2;2)GYL (Jurgens, 1988) Df(2L)Prl (Nusslein-Volhard et al., 1984, Jurgens, 1988, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995, Spradling et al., 1999, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Barrio et al., 1999) Df(2L)Prl+Dp(2;2)GYL (Casanova, 1989, Jurgens, 1988) In(2L)FCK-73 (Barrio et al., 1999) T(2;3;4)FCK-25 (Barrio et al., 1999) T(2;3)FCK-68 (Barrio et al., 1999)
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)esc10 (Frei et al., 1988, Jurgens, 1988) Df(2L)J2 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Df(2L)prd1.7 (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Jurgens, 1988)
Not duplicated in	Dp(2;2)GYL (Jurgens, 1988)
Duplicated in	Dp(2;Y)prd (Jurgens, 1988)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data reporter construct P{3,HZ50PL} No P{3.5,HZ50PL} No P{4,HZ50PL} No P{sal-lacZ.ABI} No P{sal-lacZ.ABO} No P{sal-lacZ.AK} No P{sal-lacZ.AL} No P{sal-lacZ.AM} No P{sal-lacZ.BAT} No P{sal-lacZ.BI} No P{sal-lacZ.BO} No P{salm-lacZ.1.1.u1-7} No P{salm-lacZ.1.1} No P{salm-lacZ.1.8S/E} No P{salm-lacZ.3.0S/E} No P{salm-lacZ.3.5E/E} No P{salm-lacZ.6.7S/B} No P{salm-lacZ.10.2S/C} No P{salm-lacZ.91R/P} No P{salm-lacZ.197bp.S/N} No P{salm-lacZ.242S/P} No P{salm-lacZ.272P/P} No P{salm-lacZ.300R/P} No P{salm-lacZ.328.mut} No P{salm-lacZ.328.u5-7} No P{salm-lacZ.328.u5.6} No P{salm-lacZ.328.u5.7} No P{salm-lacZ.328.u5} No P{salm-lacZ.328.u6.7} No P{salm-lacZ.328.u6} No P{salm-lacZ.328.u7} No P{salm-lacZ.328} No P{salm-lacZ.400Xm/E} No P{salm-lacZ.421bp.S/A} No P{salm-lacZ.453bp.E/N} No P{salm-lacZ.677bp.E/A} No P{salm-lacZ.721S/Pv} No P{salm-lacZ.829bp.S/P} No P{salm-lacZ.1000R/Xm} No P{salm-lacZ.1085bp.E/P} No P{salm-lacZ.BE421} No P{salm-lacZ.TSE157} No P{salm-lacZ.TSE201} No P{salm-lacZ.TSE230} No P{salm-lacZ.TSE410} No P{salm-lacZ.TSE590} No P{salm-lacZ.TSE1000} No P{sal-TSE-lacZ} No UAS construct P{GD1525} NA P{KK106735} NA P{TRiP.HMS00594} NA P{UAS-ECFP-salm.IKDP} NA P{UAS-ECFP-salm} NA P{UAS-salm.B} NA P{UAS-salm.K} NA heat-shock construct P{hs-sal} NA characterization construct P{C20-sal26} NA P{sal-lacZ.IRU} NA P{sal-lacZ.LA} NA P{sal-lacZ.SE} NA P{sal-lacZ.ZA} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lacZ}Regio-2 No P{lArB}salmA405.1M2 No P{PZ}salm03602 No miscellaneous insertions P{3.5,HZ50PL}salm3.5Z-1 NA P{3.5,HZ50PL}salm3.5Z-2 NA P{3.5,HZ50PL}salm3.5Z-3 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}salmLP39 No P{GawB}salmR7T3.8 No insertion of mobile activating element P{GSV1}salmGS-A265c NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}salmB1164 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 22 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 13 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
antennal joint development inferred from mutant phenotype (Dong et al., 2002) compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation inferred from mutant phenotype (Mollereau et al., 2001) male genitalia development inferred from mutant phenotype (Si-Dong et al., 2003) male gonad development inferred from mutant phenotype (Si-Dong et al., 2003) notum cell fate specification inferred from mutant phenotype (Grieder et al., 2009) oenocyte development inferred from mutant phenotype (Elstob et al., 2001) open tracheal system development inferred from mutant phenotype (Ribeiro et al., 2004) R7 cell differentiation inferred from mutant phenotype (Domingos et al., 2004) R8 cell differentiation inferred from mutant phenotype (Domingos et al., 2004) sensory organ development inferred from mutant phenotype (Rusten et al., 2001, Si-Dong et al., 2003) sensory perception of sound inferred from genetic interaction with salr (Dong et al., 2002) inferred from mutant phenotype (Si-Dong et al., 2003) spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system inferred from mutant phenotype (Hu and Castelli-Gair, 1999)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Sánchez et al., 2010, Sánchez et al., 2011)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 12 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
nucleic acid binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR013087 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity non-traceable author statement (Schuh, 1993.11.3) zinc ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007087, InterPro:IPR015880 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
branched duct epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system traceable author statement (Zelzer and Shilo, 2000, Affolter and Shilo, 2000, Uv et al., 2003) epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system traceable author statement (Affolter, 2000) imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis traceable author statement (Milan and Cohen, 2000) negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent non-traceable author statement (Zelzer and Shilo, 2000) open tracheal system development traceable author statement (Zelzer and Shilo, 2000, Ghabrial et al., 2003) R8 cell differentiation non-traceable author statement (Frankfort and Mardon, 2002) regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent non-traceable author statement (Schuh, 1993.11.3) segment specification non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.2.1)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus non-traceable author statement (Schuh, 1993.11.3, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.2.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene (Grieder et al., 2007) nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions salm allele Gene References salm1 kni (Lunde et al., 1998) Pc (Landecker et al., 1994) ph-d (Landecker et al., 1994) ph-p (Landecker et al., 1994) sala (Frei et al., 1988) tkv (Bradley and Andrew, 2001) salm2 sala (Frei et al., 1988) salmFCK-20 salr (Barrio et al., 1999) salmFCK-25 salr (Barrio et al., 1999, Si-Dong et al., 2003) salmFCK-73 salr (Barrio et al., 1999) salmScer\UAS.cdCa arm (Llimargas, 2000) salmScer\UAS.cKa spi (Elstob et al., 2001) salmunspecified aos (Elstob et al., 2001) unspecified wg (Llimargas, 2000)
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0261648 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 34569
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF15122 Dere\GG10311 Dgri\GH13525 Dmoj\GI18140 Dper\GL18566 Dpse\GA25690 Dsim\GD22176 Dvir\salm Dwil\GK21101 Dyak\GE12872
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA19616   Dpse\salm   Dsec\salm (Gleason and Ritchie, 2004) Dsim\salm (Gleason and Ritchie, 2004) Dvir\salm
Linkouts	OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • FBgn0230590 FBgn0223093 FBgn0193586 FBgn0166018 JGI_V11_60282 FBgn0102620
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 12 )
Bloomington	29715 w*; P{UAS-salm.K}X; P{UAS-mCD8::GFP.L}LL5 11340 P{PZ}salm03602 cn1/CyO; ry506 3274 salm1 cn1 bw1 sp1/CyO 25755 P{UAS-Dcr-2.D}1, w1118; P{GawB}salmLP39 33714 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS00594}attP2 29716 w*; P{UAS-salm.K}B3/CyO, P{en1}wgen11; P{UAS-GFP.GB}3/TM6B, Tb1 26811 CyO, P{lArB}salmA405.1M2/b1 Adh* cn* l(2)**; ry506 29717 P{hsFLP}1, y1 w*; Df(2L)32FP-5, salm32FP-5 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO; MKRS/TM6B, Tb1
Kyoto	106952 salm1 cn1 bw1 sp1/CyO
VDRC	v101052 P{KK106735}VIE-260B v3029 w1118; P{GD1525}v3029 v3030 w1118; P{GD1525}v3030
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR27A15 BACR43K24 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 18 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD17463
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	32498 45471 190790 CK01.124D.H7 CK01.130D.E12 EK007504 EK046209 EK094832 EK141755 EK161448 EK288108 EK293153 EK298910 IP14450 IP14550 IP14650 IP14750
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0261648 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 34569
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Kuhnlein et al., 1994) polyclonal antibody (Domingos et al., 2004)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: salm CG6464 (Gong, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: salm B1164 (Grieder et al., 2009)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	The "spalt" genes (salm and salr) are specifically required in the R3 photoreceptor cell for the establishment of correct ommatidial polarity. (Domingos et al., 2004) salm is required and sufficient to inhibit cell intercalation and the formation of autocellular adherens junctions during tracheal development. (Ribeiro et al., 2004) Embryos which lack salm function show a severe neurodegenerative phenotype at 60% of embryonic development, but by 80% of embryonic development the central nervous system shows almost wild-type morphology. (Cantera et al., 2002) salr and salm are redundantly essential for proper joint formation between antennal segments 2 and 3. (Dong et al., 2002) salm promotes oenocyte formation and suppresses chordotonal organ induction by acting both downstream and in parallel to Egfr signaling. (Elstob et al., 2001) salm and salr are essential for the terminal differentiation of R7 and R photoreceptors. (Mollereau et al., 2001) Removal of salm function increases the number of scolopidia, as a result of extra secondary recruitment of precursor cells at the expense of the oenocytes in the developing pentascolopidial organ in the embryo. (Rusten et al., 2001) salm restricts the number of scolopidia to five per abdominal lch5 organ. It also ensures the correct location of this chordotonal organ along the dorsoventral axis. (Rusten et al., 2001) The regulation of the iroquois and kni gene complexes by salm and salr may translate the dpp morphogenetic gradient into precisely spaced pattern elements. (de Celis and Barrio, 2000) salm and salr participate in the development of sensory organs in the thorax, mainly in the positioning of specific proneural clusters. They may belong to a category of transcriptional regulators that subdivide the thorax into expression domains (prepattern) required for the localised activation of proneural genes. (de Celis et al., 1999) salm is required for normal tracheal cell migration and morphogenesis in cells of the dorsal truck. (Chen et al., 1998) Identification: Enhancer trap expression pattern survey for loci expressed in the ring gland. (Harvie et al., 1998) The salm cis-regulatory region contains an array of regulatory modules that mediate the spatio-temporal aspects of salm gene expression. (Kuhnlein et al., 1997) sax regulates salm through its role in anterior posterior patterning of the wing pouch. (Singer et al., 1997) Clonal analysis suggests salm determines the position of the L2 vein primordium by activating rho expression in neighbouring cells through a locally non-autonomous mechanism. rho then functions to initiate and maintain vein differentiation. (Sturtevant et al., 1997) Isolation and characterisation of salr, a gene arisen by reduplication and sequence diversification from the same ancestral gene as salm, that is still located close to salm in the genome. Sequence comparisons reveal a pattern of regional structural diversification of salm and salr. Electrophoretic mobility shift and footprinting assays demonstrate specific DNA binding of a conserved set of zinc fingers. The genes have extensive overlapping but not coincident patterns of expression in structures, such as the nervous system, indicating significant regulatory diversification. (Barrio et al., 1996) salr and salm are expressed in response to dpp in a central territory of the wing imaginal disc, where they are required for the patterning of the wing. The phenotypic consequences of misexpression of salr and salm suggest that an important outcome of dpp activity is the subdivision of the wing disc into territories smaller than lineage compartments through the regulation of salr and salm. (de Celis et al., 1996) salm is involved in tracheal development at two different stages of embryonic development. salm represses tracheal placode formation in parasegments 2, 3, and 14. salm is also necessary for the directed migration of the dorsal trunk tracheal cells, which seems to be independent of branch fusion and general tracheal cell migration. (Kuhnlein and Schuh, 1996) The spatial domains of salm and bi expression are regulated by dpp. Secreted dpp directly defines the width of the salm domain. (Lecuit et al., 1996) dpp acts as a gradient morphogen during wing development. Clonal analysis reveals that dpp, secreted by a stripe of wing cells along the anteroposterior compartment boundary, acts directly and at long range on surrounding cells and elicits qualitatively distinct outputs from these cells as a function of their distance from the dpp source. bi and salm are transcriptionally activated at different distances from the dpp secreting cells. (Nellen et al., 1996) The organisation of the tail region of the embryo is documented from studies of cuticular markers enabling a more direct comparison between homologous structures on the embryo and larval cuticle. (Kuhn et al., 1995) Wing veins, or ectopic paraveins produced by ectopic rho and Dl expression, form along boundaries of A-P positional coordinates in the developing wing. (Sturtevant et al., 1995) salm gene product directly or indirectly represses tsh gene expression in the labium and tail domains. (Roder et al., 1992) The region specific homeotic gene salm is required for the establishment of posterior head and anterior tail segments of the embryo. salm gene product confers its function as a transcription factor. (Schuh et al., 1991) Enhancer trapping methods have been used to identify regulatory elements and corresponding genes that are influenced by the homeotic Antp gene product. Clonal analysis demonstrates that Antp expression in the mesothoracic leg disc is required to prevent expression of the salm gene: Antp negatively regulates salm. The cis-regulatory element whose activity is affected by Antp is located in a 3.5 kb EcoRI fragment. (Wagner-Bernholz et al., 1991) In embryos lacking salm in the trunk region Ubx and Scr are ectopically expressed. These results suggest that salm has a general role in ensuring the correct spatial expression of other homeotic genes and could be another member of the Pc class of regulatory genes. (Casanova, 1989) The region specific action of the salm gene promotes head and tail as opposed to trunk development in the embryo. The salm gene acts independently of BX-C genes. The anterior salm phenotype displays incomplete transformation of the labial segment into the adjacent prothoracic segment (parasegments 1 and 2, but not 3). The posterior phenotype is the transformation of A9 and A10 into A8 (parasegments 14 and 15, but not 13), this phenotype is associated with ectopic expression of Abd-B, but not of Ubx, abd-A and Scr. (Jurgens, 1988)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_164966 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_723670 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA539364 AAF53097 AAM50766 AF369917 AJ578459 AY118906 CAA53229 G00737 X75541 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 34569 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P39770
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, C2H2-type/integrase, DNA-binding (IPR013087) Zinc finger, C2H2-like (IPR015880) Zinc finger, C2H2 (IPR007087)
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0261648 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0261648 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004579 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0261648 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 34569 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 34569 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0261648 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • FBgn0230590 FBgn0223093 FBgn0193586 FBgn0166018 JGI_V11_60282 FBgn0102620
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 25 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	3602 (Harvie et al., 1998) B1164   CG6464 (Kreiman, 2004, Lu et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Macdonald and Long, 2006, Aerts et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) l(2)03602 (Mesilaty-Gross et al., 1999, ) sal (Glavic et al., 2009, Cruz et al., 2009, Ashe, 2006, Merabet et al., 2005, Ribeiro et al., 2004, Winter and Campbell, 2004, de Celis and Diaz Benjumea, 2003, Petit et al., 2002, Crozatier et al., 2004, Bornemann et al., 2004, del Alamo et al., 2003, del Alamo Rodriguez et al., 2004, Takei et al., 2004, Robertson and Mahaffey, 2004, Rudel and Sommer, 2003, Makeev et al., 2003, Si-Dong et al., 2003, Suzanne et al., 2003, Lifanov et al., 2003, Mann and Carroll, 2002, Klein, 2003, Muller et al., 2003, de Celis, 2003, Milan et al., 2002, Marty et al., 2000, Adachi-Yamada and Vaccaro, 2003.2.6, Cantera et al., 2002, Panganiban and Rubenstein, 2002, Adachi-Yamada and O'Connor, 2002, Franch-Marro and Casanova, 2002, Dorfman et al., 2002, Galant et al., 2002, Brodu et al., 2002, Dong et al., 2002, Papatsenko et al., 2002, Chu et al., 2002, Llimargas and Lawrence, 2001, Herranz and Morata, 2001, Gurdon and Bourillot, 2001, Halder and Carroll, 2001, Bradley and Andrew, 2001, Cavodeassi et al., 2001, Affolter et al., 2001, Elstob et al., 2001, Rusten et al., 2001, Brodu et al., 2001, Entchev et al., 2000, Funakoshi et al., 2001, Wolf and Schuh, 2000, Llimargas, 2000, Chihara and Hayashi, 2000, Brown and Castelli-Gair Hombria, 2000, de Celis and Barrio, 2000, Funakoshi et al., 2000, Tanimoto et al., 2000, Mohler et al., 2000, Zelzer and Shilo, 2000, Milan and Cohen, 2000, Dong et al., 2000, Barrio et al., 1999, Podos and Ferguson, 1999, Hu and Castelli-Gair, 1999, Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1999, Crozatier et al., 1999, Kudoh, 1999, Morata and Sanchez-Herrero, 1999, de Celis et al., 1999, Kuhn et al., 1999, Jazwinska et al., 1999, Campbell and Tomlinson, 1999, Jazwinska et al., 1999, de Celis and Barrio, 1999, Chen et al., 1999, Brummel et al., 1999, Kuhnlein et al., 1998, Halder et al., 1998, Chen et al., 1998, Haerry et al., 1998, Gubb, 1998, de Celis, 1998, Castelli-Gair, 1998, Castelli-Gair, 1998, Chen et al., 1998, Jazwinska et al., 1998, Haerry et al., 1998, Vorbruggen et al., 1997, Wappner et al., 1997, Neumann and Cohen, 1997, Kumar and Moses, 1997, Kuhnlein et al., 1997, Vincent et al., 1997, Kafatos, 1997, Barrio et al., 1996, Kuhnlein and Schuh, 1996, de Celis et al., 1996, Reuter et al., 1996, Duncan, 1996, Marin et al., 1996, Kuhn et al., 1995, Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995, Mohler, 1995, Landecker et al., 1994, Edgar et al., 1994, Kuhnlein et al., 1994, Schuh et al., 1991, Jurgens and Weigel, 1988, Moriyama and Gojobori, 1992, Strecker et al., 1992, Finkelstein and Perrimon, 1991, Casanova, 1989, Jurgens, 1988, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Rodriguez and Guerrero, 2005, Neumann and Affolter, 2006, Cai, 2006, Krattinger et al., 2007, Noro et al., 2006, Jung et al., 2007, Sprecher et al., 2007, Bickel et al., 2008, Lovegrove et al., 2006, de Navascués and Modolell, 2007, Campbell and Moser, 2008, Gesualdi and Haerry, 2007, Walsh and Carroll, 2007, Araujo et al., 2007, Barrio et al., 2007, Yamaguchi et al., 2008, Shaye et al., 2008, Caussinus et al., 2008, Sprecher and Desplan, 2008, Pentek et al., 2009, Angulo et al., 2004, Zhai et al., 2009, Hödl and Basler, 2009, Shen et al., 2010, Molnar et al., 2007, Terriente-Félix et al., 2010, Menéndez et al., 2010, Sánchez et al., 2010, Sánchez et al., 2010, de Navas et al., 2011, Chatterjee et al., 2011, Zhai et al., 2010, Sánchez et al., 2011) Sal (McNeill et al., 2008, Sapir et al., 2005, Hasson et al., 2005, Adachi-Yamada et al., 2005, Bharathi et al., 2004, Barrio and de Celis, 2004, Wernet et al., 2003, Uv et al., 2003, Novotny et al., 2002, Frankfort et al., 2001, Abzhanov et al., 2001, Holtzman et al., 2001, Affolter and Shilo, 2000, Chu et al., 2000, Horabin, 2005, Rives et al., 2006, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006, Shaye et al., 2007, Bokel et al., 2006, Israeli et al., 2007, Goodfellow et al., 2007, Miller et al., 2008, Nusinow et al., 2008, Umemori et al., 2007, Makhijani et al., 2007, Glavic et al., 2009, Mukai et al., 2010, Kleinschmit et al., 2010, Mirkovic et al., 2011) SAL (Brodu and Casanova, 2006) salII (Boube et al., 2001) salm (Choo et al., 2011, Grieder et al., 2009, Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008, Sanders et al., 2008, Tyler et al., 2007, Christensen and Cook, 2006.12.5, Christensen and Cook, 2006.12.5, Ebacher et al., 2007, Kreiman, 2004, Christensen and Cook, 2007.10.29, Hueber et al., 2007, Gim et al., 2001, Tarone et al., 2008, Christensen and Cook, 2008.4.15, von Hilchen et al., 2008, Jakobsen et al., 2007, Zeng et al., 2008, Hauenschild et al., 2008, Bhattacharya and Baker, 2009, Parrish et al., 2007, Sprecher and Desplan, 2008, Ayroles et al., 2009, Ochoa-Espinosa et al., 2009, Lindner et al., 2007, Yamamoto et al., 2009.2.25, Zeng et al., 2007, Lu et al., 2009, Dworkin et al., 2009, Dworkin et al., 2007, Grad et al., 2004, Papadopoulos et al., 2010, Beltran et al., 2007, Aerts et al., 2010, Chatterjee et al., 2011) salM (Kumar et al., 2003, Jackson et al., 1997) SalM (Kumar and Moses, 2001, Vrailas and Moses, 2006, Duong et al., 2008) Salm (Grieder et al., 2007, Li-Kroeger et al., 2008, Xie et al., 2007, Miller et al., 2008, Vrailas and Moses, 2006, Bhattacharya and Baker, 2009, Witt et al., 2010, Gutzwiller et al., 2010, Papadopoulos et al., 2011) slam (Angulo et al., 2004) spalt (Szuperák et al., 2011, Angelini and Kaufman, 2005, Gesualdi and Haerry, 2007, Kerszberg and Wolpert, 2007, Liu et al., 2008, Eivers et al., 2009) Spalt (Paul and Beitel, 2005, Roignant et al., 2006, Guan et al., 2007, Liu et al., 2008, Jekely and Rorth, 2003) SPALT (Cho et al., 2000)
Name Synonym	sal major (Mollereau et al., 2001) Spalt (Glavic et al., 2009, McNeill et al., 2008, Ribeiro et al., 2004, Cook, 2003, Abrams, 2002, Uchida et al., 2002, Teleman and Cohen, 2000, Blaumueller and Mlodzik, 2000, Uv et al., 2003, Chu et al., 2000, Horabin, 2005, Israeli et al., 2007, Voas and Rebay, 2004, Bollenbach et al., 2008, Takaesu et al., 2008, Sprecher and Desplan, 2008, Mukai et al., 2010, Sánchez et al., 2010, Kleinschmit et al., 2010) spalt (Cruz et al., 2009, Walsh and Carroll, 2005, Wernet and Desplan, 2004, Dudu et al., 2004, Jan and Yan, 2003, Gonzalez-Gaitan, 2003, Ghabrial et al., 2003, Ribeiro et al., 2003, Mollereau et al., 2003, Akam, 1995, Gonzalez-Gaitan, 2003, Niswander and Anderson, 2002, Emerald et al., 2003, Okajima and Irvine, 2002, Jazwinska and Affolter, 2003, Lohmann and McGinnis, 2002, Seto et al., 2002, Calleja et al., 2002, Bier et al., 2002, Das et al., 2002, Stathopoulos and Levine, 2002, Pickup et al., 2002, Dong and Panganiban, 2002, Dong et al., 2002, Ingham and McMahon, 2001, Vincent and Briscoe, 2001, Felix and Gehring, 2001, Brodu et al., 2001, Arquier et al., 2001, Vincent and Perrimon, 2001, van Roessel, 2001, Dong and Panganiban, 2001, Gee and Shearn, 2001, Mollereau et al., 2001, Goulding and Lamar, 2000, Affolter, 2000, Zimmerman et al., 2000, Weber et al., 2000, Day and Lawrence, 2000, Fraser and Harland, 2000, Pages and Kerridge, 2000, de Celis and Bray, 2000, Schuh, 1993.11.3, Cavodeassi et al., 1999, Bryant, 1999, Paricio et al., 1999, Matakatsu et al., 1999, de Celis, 1999, Brown and Castelli-Gair, 1999, Arquier et al., 1999, Raftery and Sutherland, 1999, Fanto and Mlodzik, 1999, Cooper and Bray, 1999, Lecuit and Cohen, 1998, Dominguez and de Celis, 1998, Akam, 1998, Whitman, 1998, Hidalgo, 1998, Johnston, 1998, Lunde et al., 1998, Weigmann et al., 1997, Kim et al., 1997, Graba et al., 1997, Burke and Basler, 1997, Serrano and O'Farrell, 1997, Chen and Schuh, 1997, Lunde et al., 1997, Lawrence and Struhl, 1996, Smith, 1996, Samakovlis et al., 1996, Wimmer et al., 1995, Manak and Scott, 1994, Cohen, 1993, Jurgens and Hartenstein, 1993, Karlin et al., 1990, Petit et al., 2002, Moreno and Basler, 2004, Mann and Carroll, 2002, de Celis, 2003, Podos and Ferguson, 1999, Chen et al., 1998, Kuhnlein and Schuh, 1996, Nellen et al., 1996, Lecuit et al., 1996, Neumann and Affolter, 2006, Noro et al., 2006, Molnar and de Celis, 2006, Kirkpatrick et al., 2006, Bickel et al., 2008, Campbell and Moser, 2008, Hsiao et al., 2008, Cook et al., 2008, Goodfellow et al., 2007, Coiffier et al., 2008, Barrio et al., 2007, Umemori et al., 2007, Yamaguchi et al., 2008, Caussinus et al., 2008, Widmann and Dahmann, 2009, Pentek et al., 2009, Hödl and Basler, 2009, Shen et al., 2010, Molnar et al., 2007, Terriente-Félix et al., 2010, Menéndez et al., 2010, de Navas et al., 2011, Chatterjee et al., 2011, Song et al., 2010, Zhai et al., 2010, Sánchez et al., 2011) spalt M (Vrailas and Moses, 2006) Spalt-M (Duong et al., 2008) spalt-major (Sollars and Ruden, 2000, Ebacher et al., 2007, Gambis et al., 2011) spalt major (Pearson et al., 2005, Hueber et al., 2007, Gim et al., 2001, von Hilchen et al., 2008, Zeng et al., 2008, Hauenschild et al., 2008, Ochoa-Espinosa et al., 2009, Lindner et al., 2007, Lu et al., 2009, Dworkin et al., 2007, Harbison et al., 2005, Morozova et al., 2006, Papadopoulos et al., 2010, de Celis and Basler, 2010.7.11) Spalt Major (Vrailas et al., 2006, Grieder et al., 2007) Spalt-major (Mendes et al., 2006, Li-Kroeger et al., 2008, Gutzwiller et al., 2010) Spalt major (Makhijani et al., 2007, Bhattacharya and Baker, 2009) spalt majr (Zhai et al., 2009)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0004579 FBgn0010546 FBgn0259600
References ( 426 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 426 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 259 ) Supplementary material  ( 6 ) Review  ( 79 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 13 ) Abstract  ( 57 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Computer file  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 23 )
	Chatterjee et al., 2011, Development 138(6): 1099--1109 The female-specific Doublesex isoform regulates pleiotropic transcription factors to pattern genital development in Drosophila. [FBrf0213054] Choo et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(4): e14778 Genome-wide analysis of the binding of the hox protein ultrabithorax and the hox cofactor homothorax in Drosophila. [FBrf0213420] de Navas et al., 2011, Development 138(1): 107--116 Integration of RNA processing and expression level control modulates the function of the Drosophila Hox gene Ultrabithorax during adult development. [FBrf0212483] Gambis et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 351(1): 128--134 Two-color in vivo imaging of photoreceptor apoptosis and development in Drosophila. [FBrf0213000] Hamaratoglu et al., 2011, PLoS Biol. 9(10): e1001182 Dpp signaling activity requires pentagone to scale with tissue size in the growing Drosophila wing imaginal disc. [FBrf0216502] Mirkovic et al., 2011, Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 18(6): 665--672 Nemo kinase phosphorylates β-catenin to promote ommatidial rotation and connects core PCP factors to E-cadherin-β-catenin. [FBrf0213849] Papadopoulos et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(29): 11959--11964 Functional synthetic Antennapedia genes and the dual roles of YPWM motif and linker size in transcriptional activation and repression. [FBrf0214342] Rodriguez, 2011, PLoS ONE 6(4): e18418 Drosophila TIEG Is a Modulator of Different Signalling Pathways Involved in Wing Patterning and Cell Proliferation. [FBrf0213463] Schönbauer et al., 2011, Nature 479(7373): 406--409 Spalt mediates an evolutionarily conserved switch to fibrillar muscle fate in insects. [FBrf0216735] Szuperák et al., 2011, Development 138(4): 715--724 Feedback regulation of Drosophila BMP signaling by the novel extracellular protein Larval Translucida. [FBrf0212881] Sánchez et al., 2011, Biochem. J. 438(3): 437--445 Drosophila Sal and Salr are transcriptional repressors. [FBrf0214790] Aerts et al., 2010, PLoS Biol. 8(7): e1000435 Robust Target Gene Discovery through Transcriptome Perturbations and Genome-Wide Enhancer Predictions in Drosophila Uncovers a Regulatory Basis for Sensory Specification. [FBrf0211419] Gutzwiller et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 348(2): 231--243 Proneural and abdominal Hox inputs synergize to promote sensory organ formation in the Drosophila abdomen. [FBrf0212265] Kleinschmit et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 345(2): 204--214 Drosophila heparan sulfate 6-O endosulfatase regulates Wingless morphogen gradient formation. [FBrf0211640] Menéndez et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(33): 14651--14656 A tumor-suppressing mechanism in Drosophila involving cell competition and the Hippo pathway. [FBrf0211593] Mukai et al., 2010, EMBO J. 29(13): 2114--2125 Balanced ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation of Frizzled regulate cellular responsiveness to Wg/Wnt. [FBrf0211204] Papadopoulos et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(9): 4087--4092 Function and specificity of synthetic Hox transcription factors in vivo. [FBrf0210157] Shen et al., 2010, BMC Dev. Biol. 10: 23 Spatial discontinuity of Optomotor-blind expression in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc disrupts epithelial architecture and promotes cell sorting. [FBrf0210230] Song et al., 2010, Genes Dev. 24(9): 881--886 Coop functions as a corepressor of Pangolin and antagonizes Wingless signaling. [FBrf0213249] Sánchez et al., 2010, J. Biol. Chem. 285(33): 25841--25849 Sumoylation Modulates the Activity of Spalt-like Proteins during Wing Development in Drosophila. [FBrf0211449] Terriente-Félix et al., 2010, Genetics 185(2): 671--684 Identification of genes affecting wing patterning through a loss-of-function mutagenesis screen and characterization of med15 function during wing development. [FBrf0211230] Witt et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 344(2): 1060--1070 Atonal, Senseless, and Abdominal-A regulate rhomboid enhancer activity in abdominal sensory organ precursors. [FBrf0211413] Zhai et al., 2010, Europ. J. Cell Biol. 89(2-3): 273--278 Cellular analysis of newly identified Hox downstream genes in Drosophila. [FBrf0209935] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...