FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Dhc64C

FB2025_02 , released April 17, 2025

FB2025_02 , released April 17, 2025

Gene: Dmel\Dhc64C

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Dhc64C

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Dynein heavy chain 64C

Annotation Symbol

CG7507

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0261797

Gene Model Status

Stock Availability

19 publicly available

Gene Summary

Dynein heavy chain 64C (Dhc64C) encodes the heavy chain subunit of the cytoplasmic dynein motor complex. The product of Dhc64C forms a dimer, which binds and hydrolyzes ATP providing the power for movement of dynein. It has an essential function in oocyte polarity, mitotic cell division, embryonic development, and neuronal transport and neurogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Dhc, dynein, dynein heavy chain, cytoplasmic dynein, cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

3L:4,807,368..4,825,687 [-]

Recombination map

3-13

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:4807368..4825687

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (59 terms)

Molecular Function (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables microtubule motor activity

inferred from direct assay

(Hays et al., 1994)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables ATP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR035699

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables ATP hydrolysis activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003593

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables dynein intermediate chain binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR026983

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P34036

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000743491

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables dynein light intermediate chain binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000743491

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q14204

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR026983

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables minus-end-directed microtubule motor activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P45444

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000743491

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004273

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (41 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (34 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in axo-dendritic transport

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Liu et al., 2000)

involved_in border follicle cell migration

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yang et al., 2012)

involved_in cellularization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Papoulas et al., 2005)

involved_in centrosome cycle

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Belecz et al., 2001)

involved_in centrosome localization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Morales-Mulia and Scholey, 2005, Maiato et al., 2004)

involved_in chitin-based cuticle development

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:sdt; FB:FBgn0261873

(Horne-Badovinac and Bilder, 2008)

involved_in cystoblast division

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Snapp et al., 2004)

involved_in dendrite morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Liu et al., 2000)

involved_in establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

inferred from direct assay

(Li et al., 2008)

involved_in establishment of Golgi localization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Papoulas et al., 2005)

involved_in establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Horne-Badovinac and Bilder, 2008)

involved_in germarium-derived oocyte fate determination

inferred from mutant phenotype

(McGrail and Hays, 1997)

involved_in intracellular protein transport

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Siller et al., 2005)

involved_in lumen formation, open tracheal system

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Schottenfeld-Roames and Ghabrial, 2012)

involved_in maintenance of RNA location

inferred from direct assay

(Delanoue and Davis, 2005)

involved_in melanotic encapsulation of foreign target

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Howell et al., 2012)

involved_in microtubule-based movement

inferred from direct assay

(Hays et al., 1994)

involved_in mitochondrion distribution

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Cox and Spradling, 2006)

involved_in mitotic cell cycle

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Maiato et al., 2004)

involved_in mitotic spindle organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Maiato et al., 2004)

involved_in mushroom body development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Liu et al., 2000)

involved_in neuroblast proliferation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Liu et al., 2000)

involved_in oogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(McGrail and Hays, 1997)

involved_in ovarian fusome organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Snapp et al., 2004)

involved_in pole cell formation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lerit and Gavis, 2011)

involved_in positive regulation of mitotic centrosome separation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Maiato et al., 2004)

involved_in positive regulation of neuron remodeling

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lin et al., 2015)

involved_in protein localization to kinetochore

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Dzhindzhev et al., 2005)

involved_in regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Griffis et al., 2007)

involved_in retrograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Pilling et al., 2006)

involved_in retrograde axonal transport

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yang et al., 2008)

involved_in RNA transport

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Clark et al., 2007)

involved_in spindle organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Morales-Mulia and Scholey, 2005)

involved_in stress granule assembly

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Loschi et al., 2009)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (10 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in cytoplasmic microtubule organization

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000072732

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in establishment of mitotic spindle localization

traceable author statement

(Wang et al., 2003)

involved_in fusome organization

traceable author statement

(Pepling et al., 1999)

involved_in germ-line cyst formation

traceable author statement

(Pepling et al., 1999)

involved_in intracellular mRNA localization

traceable author statement

(Cohen, 2002)

involved_in microtubule-based movement

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004273, InterPro:IPR026983

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in mitotic spindle organization

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000072732

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in nuclear migration

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000072732

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in oocyte nucleus migration involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification

traceable author statement

(Morris, 2003)

involved_in retrograde axonal transport

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000840227

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (12 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in axon cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Pilling et al., 2006)

located_in cell cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Swan et al., 1999)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Papoulas et al., 2005)

part_of dynein complex

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Dlic; FB:FBgn0030276

(Satoh et al., 2008)

located_in Golgi apparatus

inferred from direct assay

(Papoulas et al., 2005)

located_in kinetochore

inferred from direct assay

(Griffis et al., 2007)

part_of microtubule associated complex

inferred from direct assay

(Hays et al., 1994)

located_in posterior cell cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Nashchekin et al., 2016)

part_of ribonucleoprotein complex

inferred from direct assay

(Boylan et al., 2008)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cell cortex

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000072732

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

part_of cytoplasmic dynein complex

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000072732

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P36022

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

is_active_in cytoplasmic microtubule

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000072732

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

part_of dynein complex

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004273, InterPro:IPR026983

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

located_in fusome

traceable author statement

(Pepling et al., 1999)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

CYTOPLASMIC DYNEIN HEAVY CHAINS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the dynein heavy chain family. (P37276)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

ATP hydrolysis activity
RHEA 13065:

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Dynein heavy chain 64C (Dhc64C) encodes the heavy chain subunit of the cytoplasmic dynein motor complex. The product of Dhc64C forms a dimer, which binds and hydrolyzes ATP providing the power for movement of dynein. It has an essential function in oocyte polarity, mitotic cell division, embryonic development, and neuronal transport and neurogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]

Gene Group (FlyBase)

CYTOPLASMIC DYNEIN HEAVY CHAINS -: Dynein heavy chains are minus end-directed microtubule motor proteins. Cytoplasmic dynein complexes are assembled from a cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain homodimer together with homodimeric intermediate chain, light-intermediate chain and light chain dynein subunits. Cytoplasmic dynein complexes participate in many cytoplasmic transport activities such as vesicle transport, organelle transport and mitotic spindle assembly. Some cytoplasmic dyneins specifically participate in intraflagellar transport. (Adapted from PMID:24064538).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Cytoplasmic dynein acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. Dynein has ATPase activity; the force-producing power stroke is thought to occur on release of ADP.

(UniProt, P37276)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

Su(Gl)77

Reduces the severity of Gl in flies raised at either 18 or 29. The most severe allele shows more normal facet arrays in the anterior than in the posterior part of the eye. The lamina cell body layer is thicker than normal in its posterior region and the lamina neuropil is somewhat misshapen, particularly anteriorly. The medulla is abnormally rotated, its posterior edge directly apposed to the lamina, but it is more normally organized than in Gl. The familiar abnormal projections from the posterior lamina through the medulla are present. The second optic chiasma is also divided into several tracts. In less extreme cases, the medulla is only slightly rotated and the second optic chiasma is normal.

Summary (Interactive Fly)

a molecular motor that functions in axon transport - Dynein-Dynactin complex is essential for dendritic restriction of an isoform of Dscam

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

8

Number of Unique Polypeptides

8

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Dhc64C for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P37276)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

FBtr0073359

14153

4639

FBtr0273370

14150

4638

FBtr0332745

14371

4651

FBtr0332746

14177

4647

FBtr0332747

14192

4652

FBtr0332748

14362

4648

FBtr0332749

14398

4660

FBtr0332750

14401

4661

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

FBpp0073215

530.2

4639

6.25

FBpp0271878

529.9

4638

6.24

FBpp0304986

531.4

4651

6.28

FBpp0304987

530.8

4647

6.24

FBpp0304988

531.7

4652

6.29

FBpp0304989

531.1

4648

6.25

FBpp0304990

532.3

4660

6.28

FBpp0304991

532.6

4661

6.29

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Consists of at least two heavy chains and a number of intermediate and light chains.

(UniProt, P37276)

Domain

Dynein heavy chains probably consist of an N-terminal stem (which binds cargo and interacts with other dynein components), and the head or motor domain. The motor contains six tandemly-linked AAA domains in the head, which form a ring. A stalk-like structure (formed by two of the coiled coil domains) protrudes between AAA 4 and AAA 5 and terminates in a microtubule-binding site. A seventh domain may also contribute to this ring; it is not clear whether the N-terminus or the C-terminus forms this extra domain. There are four well-conserved and two non-conserved ATPase sites, one per AAA domain. Probably only one of these (within AAA 1) actually hydrolyzes ATP, the others may serve a regulatory function.

(UniProt, P37276)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Dhc64C using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Dhc64C_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.86

Transcript Expression

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

(Rasmusson et al., 1994)

adult stage | female

(Rasmusson et al., 1994)

(Rasmusson et al., 1994)

adult stage | male

(Rasmusson et al., 1994)

(Rasmusson et al., 1994)

Additional Descriptive Data

Dhc64C is the main dynein transcript expressed in ovaries and embryos. It is also detected in male testis.

(Rasmusson et al., 1994)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

distribution deduced from reporter or direct label

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

oogenesis stage S11

oocyte | anterior

(Brendza et al., 2002)

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | female & oogenesis stage S9

oocyte | posterior

• cell cortex

(Loiseau et al., 2010)

oogenesis stage S10 & adult stage | female

oocyte | restricted

(Sanghavi et al., 2016)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male

(Wasbrough et al., 2010)

day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood

(Cammarato et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

In stage 10 egg chambers, Dhc64C is enriched at the posterior pole of the oocyte and also along the anterior and lateral cortex.

(Sanghavi et al., 2016)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in axon cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Pilling et al., 2006)

located_in cell cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Swan et al., 1999)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Papoulas et al., 2005)

part_of dynein complex

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Dlic; FB:FBgn0030276

(Satoh et al., 2008)

located_in Golgi apparatus

inferred from direct assay

(Papoulas et al., 2005)

located_in kinetochore

inferred from direct assay

(Griffis et al., 2007)

part_of microtubule associated complex

inferred from direct assay

(Hays et al., 1994)

located_in posterior cell cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Nashchekin et al., 2016)

part_of ribonucleoprotein complex

inferred from direct assay

(Boylan et al., 2008)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Dhc64C in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Dhc64C

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Dhc64C

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

38580/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0261797

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0010349

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0261797

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG7507

Images

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 53 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 33 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Dhc64C

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Dhc64C

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 5 )

Gene disrupted in

(Gepner et al., 1996)

(Christensen et al., 2008.4.15)

(Horne-Badovinac and Bilder, 2008, Ryder, 2004.4.26)

(Ghosh-Roy et al., 2004)

Gene duplicated in

(Belecz et al., 2001)

Inferred from location ( 4 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

FlyBase_internaltransgene_features:cell lethal:cell lethal | somatic clone

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Dhc64C^GD12258

lethal (with Dhc64C^L1952K)

Dhc64C^STOP

lethal (with Dhc64C^R1951C)

Dhc64C^STOP

lethal (with Dhc64C^R3370Q)

Dhc64C^STOP

lethal (with Dhc64C^STOP)

lethal (with Dhc64C^ΔL3810Y3811)

Dhc64C^STOP

lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Dhc64C^GD12258

lethal - all die before end of first instar larval stage (with Df(3L)10^H)

Dhc64C^γ4163a

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

Dhc64C^4-19

lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with Df(3L)10^H)

Dhc64C^6-10

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage

Dhc64C^6-10

lethal - all die during embryonic stage

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect

Dhc64C^Lab-1

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect (with Dhc64C^S3372C)

Dhc64C^STOP

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect (with Dhc64C^STOP)

Dhc64C^S3372C

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive

lethal - all die during P-stage

Dhc64C^H3808P

lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^sr-md710

Dhc64C^NIG.7507R

lethal - all die during P-stage (with Dhc64C^H3808P)

Dhc64C^STOP

lethal - all die during P-stage (with Dhc64C^STOP)

Dhc64C^H3808P

lethal - all die during second instar larval stage

lethal - all die during third instar larval stage

partially lethal, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Dhc64C^GD12258

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Dhc64C^GD12258

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Dhc64C^GD12258

viable (with Dhc64C^6-6)

Dhc64C^6-12

viable (with Dhc64C^6-8)

Dhc64C¹⁰²

viable (with Dhc64C^6-10)

Dhc64C¹⁰²

viable (with Dhc64C^6-12)

Dhc64C^6-6

viable (with Dhc64C¹⁰²)

Sterility

Allele

female sterile (with Df(3L)10^H)

Dhc64C^X-18

female sterile (with Dhc64C^6-6)

Dhc64C^6-12

female sterile (with Dhc64C^6-12)

Dhc64C^6-6

female sterile | dominant

Dhc64C^Lab-1

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cell polarity

Dhc64C⁹⁰²

abnormal cell shape | adult stage | somatic clone

abnormal cell shape | embryonic stage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Dhc64C^HMS01587

abnormal developmental rate | embryonic stage | maternal effect

Dhc64C^S3372C

abnormal immune response | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Hml.PG

Dhc64C^GD12258

abnormal mitotic cell cycle (with Df(3L)10^H)

Dhc64C^6-10

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | embryonic stage | maternal effect

Dhc64C^S3372C

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | larval stage

Dhc64C^6-10

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | larval stage | somatic clone

Dhc64C^4-19

abnormal neuroanatomy (with Dhc64C^4-19)

Dhc64C^6-10

abnormal neuroanatomy (with Dhc64C^6-10)

Dhc64C^4-19

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PG

Dhc64C^GD12258

abnormal neuroanatomy | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PG

Dhc64C^GD12258

abnormal neuroanatomy | pupal stage (with Df(3L)BSC436)

abnormal neuroanatomy | pupal stage (with Dhc64C^6-6)

Dhc64C^6-10

abnormal neuroanatomy | pupal stage (with Dhc64C^6-10)

Dhc64C^6-6

abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone

Dhc64C^4-19

abnormal neurophysiology (with Dhc64C^4-19)

Dhc64C^6-10

abnormal neurophysiology (with Dhc64C^6-10)

Dhc64C^4-19

decreased cell number | larval stage | somatic clone

Dhc64C^4-19

decreased size | oogenesis, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Dhc64C^GL00543

decreased size | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^sr-md710

Dhc64C^NIG.7507R

increased cell death | larval stage

Dhc64C^6-10

increased cell number | larval stage | somatic clone

Dhc64C^4-19

majority die during embryonic stage | maternal effect

Dhc64C^{S3372C.C3375S}

paralytic | larval stage | recessive

some die during embryonic stage

some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect

some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect, with Dhc64C^hs.Tag:HA

Dhc64C^S3372C

some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect, with Dhc64C^S3372C

Dhc64C^hs.Tag:HA

some die during embryonic stage | recessive | maternal effect | recessive

some die during first instar larval stage (with Df(3L)10^H)

Dhc64C^γ4163a

some die during larval stage | recessive

Dhc64C^4-19

some die during pharate adult stage (with Df(3L)10^H)

Dhc64C^6-10

some die during pupal stage

Dhc64C^6-10

Dhc64C^GD12258

visible | adult stage

Dhc64C^F579Y

Dhc64C^+tDN17

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult mushroom body | somatic clone

Dhc64C^4-19

axon | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^dpr1-PGaw

Dhc64C^HMS01587

axon | larval stage

Dhc64C^4-19

axon | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^109(2)80

Dhc64C^HMS01587

axon | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PG

Dhc64C^GD12258

border follicle cell | somatic clone

Dhc64C^4-19

border follicle cell | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

Dhc64C^JF03177

centrosome | germline clone

Dhc64C^greco

centrosome | maternal effect

chaeta (with Df(3L)10^H)

Dhc64C^X-18

cyst cell of ovary

dendrite | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PG

Dhc64C^GD12258

dendrite | pupal stage (with Df(3L)BSC436)

dendrite | pupal stage (with Dhc64C^6-6)

Dhc64C^6-10

dendrite | pupal stage (with Dhc64C^6-10)

Dhc64C^6-6

dendrite | somatic clone

Dhc64C^4-19

dendritic tree | larval stage

Dhc64C^4-19

dorsal fold | gastrula stage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Dhc64C^HMS01587

dorsal longitudinal indirect flight muscle | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^sr-md710

Dhc64C^NIG.7507R

egg | absent, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Dhc64C^GL00543

egg chamber, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Dhc64C^GL00543

egg chamber, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

Dhc64C^GL00543

embryo | blastoderm stage | maternal effect

embryo | maternal effect

Dhc64C^S3372C

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle (with Dhc64C^6-6)

Dhc64C^6-8

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle (with Dhc64C^6-8)

Dhc64C^6-6

embryonic/larval mushroom body | somatic clone

Dhc64C^4-19

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction (with Dhc64C^4-19)

Dhc64C^6-10

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction (with Dhc64C^6-10)

Dhc64C^4-19

epithelial cell | embryonic stage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Dhc64C^HMS01587

female germline ring canal, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Dhc64C^GL00543

female pronucleus | maternal effect

Dhc64C^Lab-1

Dhc64C⁹⁰²

follicle cell | somatic clone

fusome | germline clone

Dhc64C^greco

germline cyst | germline clone (with Dhc64C^6-6)

Dhc64C^6-12

germline cyst | germline clone (with Dhc64C^6-12)

Dhc64C^6-6

Golgi apparatus | embryonic cycle 14 (with Dhc64C^6-6)

Dhc64C^6-8

Golgi apparatus | embryonic cycle 14 (with Dhc64C^6-8)

Dhc64C^6-6

Dhc64C^6-10

larval brain | larval stage

Dhc64C^6-10

larval multidendritic neuron

Dhc64C^4-19

larval multidendritic neuron, with Scer\GAL4^109(2)80

Dhc64C^HMS01587

larval neuroblast

Dhc64C^6-10

larval neuroblast | larval stage

Dhc64C^4-19

larval segmental nerve

lipid droplet | maternal effect (with Dhc64C^6-10)

Dhc64C^8-1

lipid droplet | maternal effect (with Dhc64C^8-1)

Dhc64C^6-10

marginal nerve | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^dpr1-PGaw

Dhc64C^HMS01587

mitochondrial cloud | germline clone (with Dhc64C^6-6)

Dhc64C^6-12

mitochondrial cloud | germline clone (with Dhc64C^6-12)

Dhc64C^6-6

Dhc64C^4-19

mitochondrion (with Dhc64C^4-19)

Dhc64C^6-10

mitochondrion (with Dhc64C^6-10)

Dhc64C^4-19

mitochondrion | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^dpr1-PGaw

Dhc64C^HMS01587

mitochondrion | larval stage

Dhc64C^4-19

mitochondrion | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^109(2)80

Dhc64C^HMS01587

mitochondrion | oogenesis, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Dhc64C^GL00543

mitotic anaphase (with Df(3L)10^H)

Dhc64C^6-10

mitotic cell cycle

Dhc64C^Lab-1

mitotic cell cycle (with Df(3L)10^H)

Dhc64C^6-10

mitotic cell cycle | maternal effect

mitotic domain 1 | embryonic cycle 14 (with Dhc64C^6-6)

Dhc64C^6-8

mitotic domain 1 | embryonic cycle 14 (with Dhc64C^6-8)

Dhc64C^6-6

mitotic metaphase (with Df(3L)10^H)

Dhc64C^6-10

mitotic spindle | maternal effect

Dhc64C^S3372C

mitotic spindle pole | maternal effect

Dhc64C^S3372C

muscle tendon junction | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^sr-md710

Dhc64C^NIG.7507R

NMJ bouton (with Dhc64C^4-19)

Dhc64C^6-10

NMJ bouton (with Dhc64C^6-10)

Dhc64C^4-19

Dhc64C^F579Y

nucleus | embryonic stage 4

Dhc64C^unspecified

ommatidium (with Dhc64C^3-2)

Dhc64C^6-10

ommatidium (with Dhc64C^6-10)

Dhc64C^3-2

oocyte, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Dhc64C^GL00543

oocyte (with Dhc64C^6-6)

Dhc64C^6-12

oocyte (with Dhc64C^6-12)

Dhc64C^6-6

oocyte | germline clone

Dhc64C^6-10

ovary (with Dhc64C^6-6)

Dhc64C^6-12

ovary (with Dhc64C^6-12)

Dhc64C^6-6

plasma membrane | apical | embryonic stage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Dhc64C^HMS01587

posterior fascicle & axon

Dhc64C^6-10

primordial germ cell (with Dhc64C^6-6)

Dhc64C^6-10

primordial germ cell (with Dhc64C^6-10)

Dhc64C^6-6

Dhc64C^4-19

spermatocyte fusome

Dhc64C^4-19

spindle | maternal effect

synapse (with Dhc64C^4-19)

Dhc64C^6-10

synapse (with Dhc64C^6-10)

Dhc64C^4-19

synaptonemal complex | germline clone

Dhc64C^greco

tendon cell | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^sr-md710

Dhc64C^NIG.7507R

terminal tracheal cell | somatic clone

Dhc64C^4-19

type I neuroblast | somatic clone

Dhc64C^4-19

vesicle | adult stage | female, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Dhc64C^GL00543

wing blade | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^RapGAP1-OK6

Dhc64C^GD12258

yolk, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Dhc64C^GL00543

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (16)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (13)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

4 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (19)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (18)

9 of 13

Yes

Yes

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

Xtro\LOC100488102

1 of 13

No

No

Xtro\LOC100497007

1 of 13

No

Yes

Xtro\LOC100497531

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (13)

8 of 14

Yes

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

Drer\LOC110437768

2 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

4 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (12)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP002015

11 of 12

Yes

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP010790

3 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP001660

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP001672

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP002009

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP003226

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP003271

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP007675

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP009568

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP010435

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP011441

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP009550

1 of 12

No

No

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)

12 of 13

Yes

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

11 of 12

Yes

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Dhc64C. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (14)

7 of 13

7 of 13

7 of 13

7 of 13

7 of 13

7 of 13

7 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

5 of 13

5 of 13

3 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

DYNC1H1-related neurodevelopmental and neuromuscular disorders

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 13 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Dhc64C^HMS01587

model of neurodegenerative disease

CEA

(Vagnoni et al., 2016)

model of nervous system disease

CEA

(Salvador-Garcia et al., 2024)

model of nervous system disease

CEA

(Salvador-Garcia et al., 2024)

model of nervous system disease

CEA

(Salvador-Garcia et al., 2024)

model of nervous system disease

CEA

(Salvador-Garcia et al., 2024)

model of nervous system disease

CEA

(Salvador-Garcia et al., 2024)

model of nervous system disease

CEA

(Salvador-Garcia et al., 2024)

model of nervous system disease

CEA

(Salvador-Garcia et al., 2024)

model of nervous system disease

CEA

(Salvador-Garcia et al., 2024)

Dhc64C^ΔL3810Y3811

model of nervous system disease

CEA

(Salvador-Garcia et al., 2024)

model of nervous system disease

CEA

(Salvador-Garcia et al., 2024)

model of nervous system disease

CEA

(Salvador-Garcia et al., 2024)

Dhc64C^{S3372C.C3375S}

model of nervous system disease

CEA

(Salvador-Garcia et al., 2024)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

DYNC1H1; dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1

model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease axonal type 2O

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 13

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominant 1

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

exacerbates spinocerebellar ataxia type 5

modeled by β-Spec^GM.UAS

(Lorenzo et al., 2010)

modeled by Hsap\SPTBN2^{AM.UASp.Tag:MYC}

(Lorenzo et al., 2010)

ameliorates frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 6

modeled by TER94^RNAi.CDS.UAS

(Gonzalez and Wang, 2020)

exacerbates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 10

modeled by Hsap\TARDBP^UAS.cIb

(Ueda et al., 2024)

ameliorates Alzheimer's disease 1

modeled by Hsap\APP^{695-Swedish.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(Du et al., 2021)

exacerbates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^{128Q.1-336.UAS}

(Kaltenbach et al., 2007)

exacerbates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^{128Q.1-336.UAS}

(Kaltenbach et al., 2007)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

DYNC1H1; dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1

14 of 14

DNAH1; dynein axonemal heavy chain 1

3 of 14

DNAH2; dynein axonemal heavy chain 2

3 of 14

SPERMATOGENIC FAILURE 45; SPGF45

spermatogenic failure 45

DNAH3; dynein axonemal heavy chain 3

3 of 14

DNAH5; dynein axonemal heavy chain 5

3 of 14

CILIARY DYSKINESIA, PRIMARY, 3; CILD3

primary ciliary dyskinesia 3

DNAH6; dynein axonemal heavy chain 6

3 of 14

DNAH7; dynein axonemal heavy chain 7

3 of 14

CILIARY DYSKINESIA, PRIMARY, 50; CILD50

DNAH8; dynein axonemal heavy chain 8

3 of 14

SPERMATOGENIC FAILURE 46; SPGF46

spermatogenic failure 46

DNAH9; dynein axonemal heavy chain 9

3 of 14

CILIARY DYSKINESIA, PRIMARY, 40; CILD40

primary ciliary dyskinesia 40

DNAH11; dynein axonemal heavy chain 11

3 of 14

CILIARY DYSKINESIA, PRIMARY, 7; CILD7

primary ciliary dyskinesia 7

DNAH17; dynein axonemal heavy chain 17

3 of 14

SPERMATOGENIC FAILURE 39; SPGF39

spermatogenic failure 39

DYNC2H1; dynein cytoplasmic 2 heavy chain 1

3 of 14

SHORT-RIB THORACIC DYSPLASIA 3 WITH OR WITHOUT POLYDACTYLY; SRTD3

asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy 3

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Liu et al., 2013)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Jauffred et al., 2013)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Neisch et al., 2017)

Dhc64C - DCTN1-p150

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, cosedimentation through density gradient, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Kim et al., 2007, Papoulas et al., 2005, Siller et al., 2005)

Dhc64C - DCTN2-p50

pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Dix et al., 2013, Basto et al., 2004)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, cosedimentation

(Mische et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Ling et al., 2004)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Siller et al., 2005)

pull down, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Benseñor et al., 2010)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Przewloka et al., 2007)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Przewloka et al., 2007)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Przewloka et al., 2007)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Przewloka et al., 2007)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Neisch et al., 2017)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, cross-linking study, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Zheng et al., 2016)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(McClintock et al., 2018)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, anti tag western blot

(Lin et al., 2015, Papoulas et al., 2005)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Riggs et al., 2007)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Basto et al., 2004)

pull down, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Otani et al., 2015)

pull down, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, cosedimentation

(Dix et al., 2013, Sanghavi et al., 2013, Mische et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, cross-linking study, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Zheng et al., 2016)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Lerit and Gavis, 2011)

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Dhc64C - fs(1)K10

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting, western blot

(Dix et al., 2013)

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting, western blot

(Dix et al., 2013)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Lerit and Gavis, 2011)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Jiang et al., 2015)

suppressible

(Horiuchi et al., 2005)

enhanceable

(Anderson et al., 2009)

enhanceable

(Harris and Peifer, 2005)

suppressible

(Navarro et al., 2004)

suppressible

(Ghosh-Roy et al., 2004)

enhanceable

(Ji et al., 2002)

suppressible

(Iyadurai et al., 2008, McGrail et al., 1995, Harte and Kankel, 1982)

enhanceable

(McGrail et al., 1995)

enhanceable

(Iyadurai et al., 2008)

suppressible

(Otani et al., 2011)

enhanceable

(Lin and Katanaev, 2013)

enhanceable

(Martin et al., 1999, Martin et al., 1997)

suppressible

(Swan et al., 1999)

suppressible

(Dodson et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Iyadurai et al., 2008)

enhanceable

(Iyadurai et al., 2008)

enhanceable

(Horne-Badovinac and Bilder, 2008)

suppressible

(Navarro et al., 2004)

enhanceable

(Lorenzo et al., 2010)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Consists of at least two heavy chains and a number of intermediate and light chains.

(UniProt, P37276 )

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0261797

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

38580

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

38580

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Class of Gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

3L

Recombination map

3-13

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

3L:4,807,368..4,825,687 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

64B17-64C1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)rG166^rG166 and P{PZ}sinu⁰⁶⁵²⁴

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

64C-64C

(Rasmusson, 1994.7.28)

64C-64C

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Li et al., 1994, Rasmusson et al., 1994, Li et al., 1992)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-13

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-11.2

(Comeron et al., 2012)

3-10 +/- 4

(Martin et al., 1999)

3-

(Rasmusson, 1994.7.28, Harte and Kankel, 1982)

Left of (cM)

hry

(Belecz et al., 2001, Harte and Kankel, 1982)

Right of (cM)

ru

(Belecz et al., 2001, Harte and Kankel, 1982)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (19)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

28749

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF03177}attP2

76941

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TKO.GS00667}attP40

78193

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TOE.GS01368}attP40

23863

w^*; Dhc64C^4-19 P{FRT(w^hs)}2A/TM6B, Tb¹

36583

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00543}attP40

36698

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01587}attP2

42211

mwh¹ Dhc64C^Lab-1 e¹/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹/T(1;3)OR60

108142

mwh¹ Dhc64C^4-19 jv¹ ca¹/TM6B, Tb¹ ca¹

7507R-2

HMS01587

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01587}attP2

v28054

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD12258}v28054

v28053

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD12258}v28053/TM3

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (21)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (23)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

MIP04978

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0261797

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0261797

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Hays et al., 1994)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research

2C11-2

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Dhc64C is required for the rapid transport of grk, bcd AND osk RNAs from nurse cells to the oocyte by a mechanism distinct from the general flow of cytoplasm from nurse cells to oocyte.

(Clark et al., 2007)

RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes spindle pole detachment when assayed in S2 cells. This phenotype can be observed when the screen is performed with or without Cdc27 dsRNA.

(Goshima et al., 2007)

dsRNA has been synthesised for this gene and transfected into S2 cells. S2 cells treated with this dsRNA arrest in metaphase, require 50% more time to form a metaphase plate than untreated cells and exhibit centrosome detachment and spindle focusing defects.

(Griffis et al., 2007)

Dhc64C activity is required to maintain localisation of bcd at the anterior cortex.

(Weil et al., 2006)

Dhc64C is required to maintain mRNA at its apical localization, following transport, in the blastoderm embryo.

(Delanoue and Davis, 2005)

S2 cells transfected with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes detachment of centrosomes from the spindle poles, resulting in a slight increase of spindle size.

(Goshima et al., 2005)

Mitotic S2 cells treated with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene display a striking detachment of centrosomes from spindles and a loss of spindle pole focusing, resulting in an increase in pole-pole spacing. There is also an increase in spindle length and an elevation of the mitotic index.

(Morales-Mulia and Scholey, 2005)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

Dhc64C may be involved in the prevention of centrosome assembly in unfertilised eggs, and establishing harmony between the chromosome and centrosome cycles.

(Belecz et al., 2001)

Spindle pole movements in embryos are directed by a temporally coordinated balance of forces generated by three mitotic motors; cytoplasmic dynein, Klp61F and ncd. Dynein acts to move the poles apart throughout mitosis, and this activity is augmented by Klp61F after the fenestration of the nuclear envelope, which occurs at the onset of prometaphase. ncd generates forces that pull the poles together between interphase and metaphase, antagonising the activity of both cytoplasmic dynein and Klp61F and serving as a brake for spindle assembly.

(Sharp et al., 2000)

Mutations in Dhc64C disrupt fast organelle transport in both directions in axons.

(Martin et al., 1999)

Dhc64C function is required for the attachment and migration of centrosomes along the nuclear envelope during interphase/prophase and to maintain the attachment of centrosomes to mitotic spindle poles.

(Robinson et al., 1999)

Identification: PCR screen for Dynein heavy chain genes.

(Kurek et al., 1998)

Mutant analysis of Dhc64C reveals cytoplasmic dynein is required at two stages of oogenesis. The localisation of dynein in mitotic cysts suggests spindle orientation is mediated by the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein. Later in oogenesis dynein function is necessary for proper differentiation.

(McGrail and Hays, 1997)

Early in oogenesis mutations disrupt spindle organisation in dividing cysts and block oocyte determination.

(McGrail and Hays, 1997)

Cytoplasmic dynein encoded by Dhc64C is essential for Drosophila viability and for cell viability in several tissues.

(Gepner et al., 1996)

Clonal analysis suggests that cytoplasmic dynein mutations are cell lethal, and maternal supplies are sufficient for development to larval stages.

(Boylan and Hays, 1995)

Cytoplasmic dynein is required for the proper formation of the oocyte early in oogenesis. Later, during oocyte growth, dynein is required for the transport of materials from the nurse cells to the developing oocyte.

(McGrail et al., 1995)

Dhc64C protein acts as a minus-end directed motor that promotes microtubule translocation in vitro.

(Hays et al., 1994)

Dhc64C encodes a cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain polypeptide.

(Li et al., 1994)

Dhc64C has been cloned and characterised.

(Rasmusson et al., 1994)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: Dhc64C Laborc

(Belecz et al., 2001, Belecz et al., 2001)

Source for merge of: Dhc64C Su(Gl)77

(Iyadurai et al., 2008)

Additional comments

Allelism between Su(Gl)77, Su(Gl)102 and Su(Gl)160 has not been established. These are independent mutations with suppressing effects on Gl which all map between ru and h on the third chromosome.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Mutation is named after a Hungarian clan that vanished by the beginning of the 14th century but their names survived in the names of settlements.

(Erdelyi and Szabad, 1989)

"Laborc" named for a Hungarian family that vanished by the beginning of the 14th century.

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (48)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CD

(Morris, 2000)

CG7507

(Laffafian and Tepass, 2019, Yamaguchi and Takashima, 2018, Kolkhof et al., 2017, Hosono et al., 2015, Tiwari et al., 2015, Christis and Munro, 2012, Howell et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Talmat-Amar et al., 2011, Müller et al., 2010, Maresca and Salmon, 2009, Perkins et al., 2009, Hughes et al., 2008, Goshima et al., 2007, Przewloka et al., 2007, Fulton et al., 2001, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)

Cdhc

(Barton and Goldstein, 1996)

DHC1

(Kollmar, 2015.9.15)

DHC64C

(Riahi et al., 2021, Del Castillo et al., 2015, Lu et al., 2015, Zaytseva et al., 2014, Loiseau et al., 2010, Lorenzo et al., 2010, Anderson et al., 2009, Loschi et al., 2009, Cox et al., 2001)

DYHC

(Wickstead and Gull, 2007)

Dhc

(Salvador-Garcia et al., 2024, Krzystek et al., 2023, Nemtsova et al., 2023, Cassella and Ephrussi, 2022, Jakobs et al., 2022, Fumagalli et al., 2021, Ronchi et al., 2021, Goldman et al., 2019, McClintock et al., 2018, Vagnoni et al., 2016, Ye et al., 2016, Burn et al., 2015, Lin et al., 2015, Lin et al., 2015, Dix et al., 2013, Liu et al., 2013, Parassol et al., 2013, Fabian and Brill, 2012, Lloyd et al., 2012, Hampoelz et al., 2011, Lerit and Gavis, 2011, Otani et al., 2011, Van De Bor et al., 2011, Li et al., 2010, Weil et al., 2010, Hamilton et al., 2009, Boylan et al., 2008, Horne-Badovinac and Bilder, 2008, Iyadurai et al., 2008, Mische et al., 2008, Sung et al., 2008, Toda et al., 2008, Weil et al., 2008, Zimyanin et al., 2008, Griffis et al., 2007, Weil et al., 2006, Dzhindzhev et al., 2005, Papoulas et al., 2005, Siller et al., 2005, Murthy and Schwarz, 2004, Navarro et al., 2004, Ji et al., 2002, Johnstone and Lasko, 2001, Pilling and Saxton, 2001, Siller et al., 2001, Wojcik et al., 2001, Pare and Suter, 2000, Pilling and Saxton, 2000, Iyadurai et al., 1999, Iyadurai et al., 1999, Swan et al., 1999, Pare and Suter, 1998, Starr et al., 1998, Phillis et al., 1997, Waterman-Storer and Holzbaur, 1996)

Dhc 64C

(Du et al., 2021)

Dhc46C

(Horne-Badovinac and Bilder, 2008)

Dhc64

(Copf, 2015, Puram and Bonni, 2013, Wilson et al., 2013, Sandmann et al., 2007, Gao and Bogert, 2003)

Dhc64C

(Ueda et al., 2024, Gáspár et al., 2023, Lu et al., 2023, Lu et al., 2022, Kim et al., 2021, Lu et al., 2021, Pang et al., 2021, Yamaguchi et al., 2021, Chougule et al., 2020, Hinnant et al., 2020, Blake-Hedges and Megraw, 2019, Hudson et al., 2019, Laffafian and Tepass, 2019, Auld et al., 2018, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Collins et al., 2017, Dewey and Johnston, 2017, Kreko-Pierce and Eaton, 2017, Laflamme et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Mauvezin et al., 2016, Noble et al., 2016, Trovisco et al., 2016, Ye et al., 2016, Beaven et al., 2015, Burn et al., 2015, Hsu et al., 2015, Lin et al., 2015, Lin et al., 2015, Otani et al., 2015, Port et al., 2015, Schulman et al., 2014, Yan et al., 2014, Jauffred et al., 2013, Johnson et al., 2013, Lin and Katanaev, 2013, Dodson et al., 2012, Howell et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kitazawa et al., 2012, Schottenfeld-Roames and Ghabrial, 2012, Yang et al., 2012, Zoller and Schulz, 2012, Finan et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011, Shieh and Bonini, 2011, Kallappagoudar et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, Liu et al., 2010, Müller et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Anderson et al., 2009, Gaspar and Szabad, 2009, Wainman et al., 2009, Zhang et al., 2009, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Fisher et al., 2008, Font-Burgada et al., 2008, Horne-Badovinac and Bilder, 2008, Li et al., 2008, Li et al., 2008, Satoh et al., 2008, Trammell et al., 2008, Yang et al., 2008, Goshima et al., 2007, Junion et al., 2007, Kaltenbach et al., 2007, Mische et al., 2007, Cox and Spradling, 2006, Pfister et al., 2006, Pilling et al., 2006, Wehr et al., 2006, Delanoue and Davis, 2005, Ferree et al., 2005, Ghosh-Roy et al., 2005, Goshima et al., 2005, Harris and Peifer, 2005, Martin et al., 2005, Wodarz, 2002, Liu et al., 2000)

Dhc64c

(Nemtsova et al., 2023, Puñal et al., 2021, Zheng et al., 2020, Laffafian and Tepass, 2019, Bussmann and Storkebaum, 2017, Parassol et al., 2013, Horne-Badovinac et al., 2012, Palacios and St. Johnston, 2002)

Dynein

(Buckley and St Johnston, 2022, Padilla et al., 2022, Majumdar and Liu, 2020, Loschi et al., 2009)

FCP-A

(Horne-Badovinac et al., 2012)

Fs(3)Lab

(Szabad et al., 1995)

Fs(3)Laborc

(Erdelyi and Szabad, 1989)

Fs(3)Sz18

HMW MAP

(Hays et al., 1994)

Lab

(Foe et al., 1993)

Su(Gl)77

(Iyadurai et al., 2008, Harte and Kankel, 1982)

cDhc

(Brendza et al., 2002)

cDhc64C

(Lloyd et al., 2012, Martin et al., 1999, Martin et al., 1997)

dhc

(Neiswender et al., 2023, Rosen et al., 2019, Das et al., 2016, Baumbach et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Jaramillo et al., 2008, Zheng et al., 2008, Clark et al., 2007, Delanoue et al., 2007, Bullock et al., 2006, Bullock et al., 2006, Weil et al., 2006, Basto et al., 2004, Macdougall et al., 2003, Vaccari and Ephrussi, 2002, Wilkie and Davis, 2001, Fischer, 2000)

dhc64

(Jouette et al., 2019)

dhc64C

(Bu et al., 2022, Takeda et al., 2018, Chen et al., 2016, Jiang et al., 2015, Kang et al., 2014, Joyce et al., 2012, Reis et al., 2012, Zoller and Schulz, 2012, Wang et al., 2011, Johnson et al., 2009, Satoh et al., 2008, Haghnia et al., 2007, Harris and Peifer, 2005, Macdougall et al., 2003, Rasmusson, 1994.7.28)

dhc64c

(Li et al., 2023, Tiwari et al., 2015, Reis et al., 2012, Otani et al., 2011)

dynein

(Aguilar-Aragon et al., 2020, Valenzuela et al., 2020)

l(3)64Ca

Name Synonyms

Cytoplasmic dynein

(Welte, 2004)

Cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain

(Gao and Bogert, 2003)

Dynein Heavy Chain

(Talmat-Amar et al., 2011)

Dynein heavy chain

(Ye et al., 2016, Eikenes et al., 2015, Jauffred et al., 2013, Hamilton et al., 2009, Weil et al., 2008, Harris and Peifer, 2007, Abdu et al., 2006, Papoulas et al., 2005)

Dynein heavy chain 64C

(Schottenfeld-Roames and Ghabrial, 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Varma and Mishra, 2011, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Li et al., 2008, Kaltenbach et al., 2007)

Dynein heavy chain 64c

(Burn et al., 2015)

Dynein heavy-chain

(Riggs et al., 2007)

Female sterile(3)Laborc

Laborc

(Belecz et al., 2001, Belecz et al., 2001)

Suppressor of Glued 77

cytoplasmic Dynein heavy chain

(Horne-Badovinac and Bilder, 2008)

cytoplasmic dynein

(Lu and Gelfand, 2023, Leidel et al., 2012, Carter et al., 2008, de Heredia and Jansen, 2004, Maiato et al., 2004, Goshima and Vale, 2003, Gonczy, 2002, Rogers et al., 2000, Hays et al., 1994)

cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain

(Lloyd et al., 2012, Gaspar and Szabad, 2009, Zhang et al., 2009, Maiato et al., 2004, Schroer, 1994, Li, 1993)

cytoplasmic dynenin

(Tekotte and Davis, 2002)

dynein

(Ogneva, 2021, Martin et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2020, Jodoin et al., 2013, Kuznetsov, 2011, Ally et al., 2009, Iyadurai et al., 2008, Goshima et al., 2007, Goshima et al., 2005, Maiato et al., 2005, Kalinovsky and Scheiffele, 2004, Maiato et al., 2004, Ahringer, 2003, Goshima and Vale, 2003, Morris, 2003, Wang et al., 2003, Witman, 2003, Maiato et al., 2002)

dynein HC

(Mische et al., 2008)

dynein heavy chain

(Lin et al., 2015, Sitaram et al., 2014, Fabian and Brill, 2012, Li et al., 2010, Anderson et al., 2009, Maresca and Salmon, 2009, Wainman et al., 2009, Rogers et al., 2008, Zheng et al., 2008, Haghnia et al., 2007, Weil et al., 2006, Navarro et al., 2004, Stebbings, 2000, Welte et al., 1999, Phillis et al., 1997)

dynein heavy chain 64C

(Yamaguchi and Takashima, 2018, Li et al., 2008, Harris and Peifer, 2005)

dynein heavy chain at 64C

(Kitani-Morii and Noto, 2020, Johnson et al., 2009)

dynein heavy-chain

(Dzhindzhev et al., 2005)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0010349
FBgn0001059
FBgn0003565

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 88 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

38580

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P37276

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P37276

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P37276

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

38580/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0261797

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0261797

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG7507

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

38580

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0261797

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0261797

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0261797

Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research

2C11-2

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Dhc64C_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0010349

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0261797

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG7507

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0261797

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC008801

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

38580

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

38580

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

References (401)