FB2025_02 , released April 17, 2025
Gene: Dmel\TfAP-2
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\TfAP-2
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Transcription factor AP-2
Annotation Symbol
CG7807
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0261953
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
65 publicly available
Gene Summary
Transcription factor AP-2 (TfAP-2) encodes a transcription factor with essential roles in leg, proboscis, and central nervous system development. It mediates Notch signaling in the developing tarsus. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

AP-2, dAP-2, l(3)1215, AP-2α

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
78D7-78E1
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-47
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:21586828..21613349
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (20 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from direct assay
(Bauer et al., 1998)
enables sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Bauer et al., 1998)
inferred from direct assay
(Monge and Mitchell, 1998)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000087637
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004979
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000087637
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (15 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (13 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in adult feeding behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Williams et al., 2014)
involved_in adult locomotory behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Williams et al., 2014)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Monge et al., 2001)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ciechanska et al., 2007, Kerber et al., 2001, Monge et al., 2001)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived male genitalia development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chatterjee et al., 2011)
involved_in inter-male aggressive behavior
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:twz; FB:FBgn0034636
(Williams et al., 2014)
involved_in male courtship behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Williams et al., 2014)
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ciechanska et al., 2007)
involved_in Notch signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kerber et al., 2001)
involved_in positive regulation of octopamine signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Williams et al., 2014)
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from direct assay
(Bauer et al., 1998)
involved_in proboscis development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Monge et al., 2001)
involved_in regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kucherenko et al., 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000087637
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000087637
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004979
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Chatterjee et al., 2011, Ciechanska et al., 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000087637
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in nucleus
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004979
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Transcription factor AP-2 (TfAP-2) encodes a transcription factor with essential roles in leg, proboscis, and central nervous system development. It mediates Notch signaling in the developing tarsus. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNCLASSIFIED DNA BINDING DOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
This group comprises DNA-binding transcription factors that do not classify under other domain-based transcription factor groups in FlyBase.
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
l(3)1215
Homozygotes die as pharate adults. Discs giving rise to segmented appendages develop abnormally; legs much shorter than normal; normal numbers of foreshortened segments with reduced numbers of bristles. Tibias of all legs show mirror-image duplication of distal elements with inverted polarity with indications of incipient joint development at the plane of symmetry; other segments not so affected although some pattern deficiencies and bristles with reversed polarity are observed. Tarsi unsegmented. Antennal joints either abnormal or absent; second segment with reduced number of bristles.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

transcription factor that plays essential roles in leg and proboscis outgrowth - involved in development of the adult brain central complex

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
6
Number of Unique Polypeptides
6

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\TfAP-2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry M9PIH9)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
TfAP-2-RA
FBtr0078419
NM_168927
1994
461
TfAP-2-RB
FBtr0078418
NM_141079
2219
465
TfAP-2-RC
FBtr0333465
NM_001275248
1805
459
TfAP-2-RD
FBtr0333466
NM_001275249
2237
471
TfAP-2-RE
FBtr0333467
NM_001275250
2012
467
TfAP-2-RF
FBtr0333468
NM_001275251
1823
465
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.0 (longest cDNA)

(Monge and Mitchell, 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
TfAP-2-PA
FBpp0078073
50.3
461
8.49
O76923
NP_730664
AAF51751
TfAP-2-PB
FBpp0078072
51.1
465
8.51
O96378
NP_649336
AAN12183
TfAP-2-PC
FBpp0305655
50.1
459
8.50
M9PG57
NP_001262177
AGB94870
TfAP-2-PD
FBpp0305656
51.8
471
8.50
M9PIH9
NP_001262178
AGB94871
TfAP-2-PE
FBpp0305657
51.0
467
8.49
M9PD85
NP_001262179
AGB94872
TfAP-2-PF
FBpp0305658
50.8
465
8.49
M9PFX8
NP_001262180
AGB94873
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

416 (aa); 50 (kD observed)

(Monge and Mitchell, 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\TfAP-2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.69

Transcript Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
prepupal stage
tarsal segment | distal | restricted
(Guarner et al., 2014)
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 13
procephalic neurogenic region | restricted
(Monge and Mitchell, 1998)
embryonic stage 10 -- 13
procephalic neuroblast
(Monge and Mitchell, 1998)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
maxillary sensory complex primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 12
larval ventral nerve cord
(Monge and Mitchell, 1998)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic pars intercerebralis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic foregut sensory structure
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic maxillary sensory complex
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral midline of embryo
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 14
embryonic protocerebrum
(Monge and Mitchell, 1998)
embryonic protocerebrum
(Monge and Mitchell, 1998)
embryonic stage 14 -- larval stage
brain | restricted
(Monge and Mitchell, 1998)
third instar larval stage
leg disc
(Monge and Mitchell, 1998)
eye-antennal disc | restricted
(Monge and Mitchell, 1998)
embryonic/larval optic lobe
(Monge and Mitchell, 1998)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Monge and Mitchell, 1998)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
second instar larval stage -- third instar larval stage
larval central brain | restricted
(Kucherenko et al., 2016)
third instar larval stage
leg disc | restricted
(Kucherenko et al., 2016)
medulla | restricted
(Kucherenko et al., 2016)
lamina | restricted
(Kucherenko et al., 2016)
third instar larval stage -- prepupal stage P4
presumptive coxa
(Greenberg and Hatini, 2009)
presumptive trochanter
(Greenberg and Hatini, 2009)
presumptive femur
(Greenberg and Hatini, 2009)
presumptive tibia
(Greenberg and Hatini, 2009)
presumptive metatarsus
(Greenberg and Hatini, 2009)
presumptive tarsal segment 2
(Greenberg and Hatini, 2009)
presumptive tarsal segment 3
(Greenberg and Hatini, 2009)
presumptive tarsal segment 4
(Greenberg and Hatini, 2009)
presumptive tarsal segment 5
(Greenberg and Hatini, 2009)
wandering third instar larval stage
male genital disc
(Chatterjee et al., 2011)
adult stage | male
octopaminergic neuron | subset of adult gnathal ganglion
(Williams et al., 2014)
neuron | subset of adult brain
(Williams et al., 2014)
octopaminergic neuron | subset of adult optic lobe
(Williams et al., 2014)
adult stage
l-LNv neuron
(Kucherenko et al., 2016)
adult Pdf neuron | subset
(Kucherenko et al., 2016)
Additional Descriptive Data

TfAP-2-protein co-localizes with ScerGAL4Tdc2.PC, a marker for octopaminergic neurons, in the adult gnathal ganglion and in parts of the optic lobe. In addition, TfAP-2-protein is detected in ScerGAL4Tdc2.PC-negative neurons throughout the brain.

(Williams et al., 2014)

TfAP-2 protein in expressed in three regions of the third instar male genital disc: in the A9 primordium in a medial domain on the ventral surface that encompasses the bnl-expressing cells; in the center of each half of the dorsal side of the A9 primordium; and in the center of each half of the A10 primordium.

(Chatterjee et al., 2011)

TfAP-2 protein is localized to the segment boundaries of all leg segments in leg discs, where it is expressed in a broad domain that spans the joint constriction; expression is distal to that of nub.

(Greenberg and Hatini, 2009)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Chatterjee et al., 2011, Ciechanska et al., 2007)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: Mi{Trojan-p65AD.0}TfAP-2MI05213-Tp65AD.0
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
Notch ON hemilineage neuron of NB7-4 lineage neuron

Comment: when combined with TI{2A-GAL4(DBD)::Zip-}unc-4DBD

(Lacin et al., 2020)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\TfAP-2 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 31 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of TfAP-2
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of TfAP-2
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3L)croc-2
(Kerber et al., 2001)
Df(3L)XS-5R
(Monge et al., 2001, Monge et al., 1999)
Inferred from location ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PB
lethal - all die before end of P-stage | recessive
partially lethal | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
partially lethal | male limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable (with Df(3L)croc-2)
viable (with TfAP-22)
viable (with TfAP-28)
viable (with TfAP-29)
viable (with TfAP-210)
viable (with TfAP-215)
viable (with TfAP-217)
viable (with TfAP-2stummelbein)
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal behavior | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Tdc2.PC
abnormal courtship behavior | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Tdc2.PC
abnormal feeding behavior | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Tdc2.PC
abnormal locomotor behavior | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Tdc2.PC
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
abnormal planar polarity | recessive
abnormal size | adult stage
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
abnormal sleep, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
decreased rate of movement, with Scer\GAL4p339
increased cell death | larval stage
some die during immature adult stage | recessive
some die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PB
some die during pharate adult stage | recessive
uncoordinated | adult stage | recessive
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL4AP-2.E6, TfAP-215/TfAP-22
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096-KE
visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
visible, with Scer\GAL4p339
visible (with Df(3L)croc-2)
visible (with TfAP-22)
visible (with TfAP-22), with Scer\GAL4AP-2.E6, TfAP-2UAS.cMa
visible (with TfAP-215)
visible (with TfAP-215), with Scer\GAL4AP-2.E6, TfAP-2UAS.cMa
visible (with TfAP-21215)
visible (with TfAP-2stummelbein)
visible | dominant
visible | female limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible | female limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult central complex
adult head
adult mushroom body alpha-lobe | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
adult mushroom body beta-lobe | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
adult sense organ | ectopic (with TfAP-28)
adult sense organ | ectopic (with TfAP-29)
adult sense organ | ectopic (with TfAP-210)
adult sense organ | ectopic (with TfAP-217)
antenna
antenna | increased number (with TfAP-28)
antenna | increased number (with TfAP-210)
antennal segment 2 & antennal sensillum
ejaculatory duct, with Scer\GAL4NP6333
ejaculatory duct (with TfAP-22)
ejaculatory duct (with TfAP-215)
ellipsoid body
eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye (with TfAP-28)
eye (with TfAP-29)
eye (with TfAP-210)
eye (with TfAP-217)
fan-shaped body
femur
femur (with TfAP-215)
femur (with TfAP-21215)
labellum
labellum, with Scer\GAL4p339
leg
leg (with Df(3L)croc-2)
leg (with TfAP-22)
leg (with TfAP-215)
leg (with TfAP-2stummelbein)
leg | cell autonomous | somatic clone
leg | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PB
leg joint
leg joint (with Df(3L)croc-2)
leg joint (with TfAP-22)
leg joint (with TfAP-28)
leg joint (with TfAP-29)
leg joint (with TfAP-210)
leg joint (with TfAP-215)
leg joint (with TfAP-217)
leg joint (with TfAP-21215)
leg joint (with TfAP-2stummelbein)
leg joint | cell autonomous | somatic clone
leg joint | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
leg joint | increased number, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
leg joint | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PB
leg joint | somatic clone | increased number, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PB
macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4p339
male accessory gland, with Scer\GAL4NP6333
male accessory gland (with TfAP-22)
male accessory gland (with TfAP-215)
mesothoracic leg disc | larval stage
mesothoracic leg sensillum
metathoracic leg disc | larval stage
metathoracic leg sensillum
proboscis
prothoracic leg disc | larval stage
prothoracic leg sensillum
pseudotrachea
tarsal segment
tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL4AP-2.E6, TfAP-215/TfAP-22
tarsal segment (with TfAP-22), with Scer\GAL4AP-2.E6, TfAP-2UAS.cMa
tarsal segment (with TfAP-215)
tarsal segment (with TfAP-215), with Scer\GAL4AP-2.E6, TfAP-2UAS.cMa
tarsal segment (with TfAP-21215)
tibia
tibia (with TfAP-215)
tibia (with TfAP-21215)
tibial levator muscle cell
tibial levator muscle cell (with TfAP-28)
tibial levator muscle cell (with TfAP-210)
vas deferens, with Scer\GAL4NP6333
vas deferens (with TfAP-22)
vas deferens (with TfAP-215)
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096-KE
wing, with Scer\GAL4p339
wing & sense organ | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4p339
wing | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PB
wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4p339
wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4p339
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (5)
Hsap\TFAP2A
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
2  
Hsap\TFAP2B
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\TFAP2C
11 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\TFAP2E
11 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\TFAP2D
9 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)
Rnor\Tfap2a
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Tfap2b
12 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Tfap2c
11 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Tfap2e
11 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Tfap2d
7 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)
Mmus\Tfap2a
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Tfap2b
11 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Tfap2c
11 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Tfap2e
11 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Tfap2d
9 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (10)
Xtro\tfap2b
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\tfap2e
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\tfap2a
7 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\tfap2c
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\tfap2d
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\csrp2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100495238
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\tepp
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\tnfrsf11b
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\trmt61a
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (6)
Drer\tfap2a
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\tfap2b
11 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\tfap2c
11 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\tfap2e
10 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\tfap2d
9 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch73-127m5.2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
Cele\aptf-1
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\aptf-3
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\aptf-4
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\aptf-2
3 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011625
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:TfAP-2. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
TfAP-2GD4684
model of  sleep disorder
CEA
(Kucherenko et al., 2016)
TfAP-2KK109052
model of  sleep disorder
CEA
(Kucherenko et al., 2016)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
TFAP2A; transcription factor AP-2 alpha
12 of 14
107580
 
TFAP2B; transcription factor AP-2 beta
12 of 14
601601
TFAP2C; transcription factor AP-2 gamma
11 of 14
601602
      TFAP2E; transcription factor AP-2 epsilon
      11 of 14
      614428
          TFAP2D; transcription factor AP-2 delta
          9 of 14
          610161
              Functional Complementation Data
              Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
              Interactions
              Summary of Physical Interactions
              Summary of Genetic Interactions
              Interaction Browsers
              View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
              Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              TfAP-2
              suppressible
              N
              (Kerber et al., 2001)
              TfAP-2
              suppressible
              twz
              (Williams et al., 2014, Williams et al., 2014)
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              External Data
              Linkouts
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Pathways
              Class of Gene
              Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
              Chromosome (arm)
              3L
              Recombination map
              3-47
              Cytogenetic map
              78D7-78E1
              Sequence location
              FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Evidence for location
              78D7-78E1
              ; Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)j1B10j1B10 and P{lacW}l(3)j2C4j2C4
              Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Notes
              References
              78F1-79A1
              (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Kerber et al., 2001)
              79A-79A
              (Bauer, 1997.11.5)
              79A-79A
              (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Bauer et al., 1998)
              Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
              Location

              3-47

              (FlyBase, 2016)

              3-43.8

              (Comeron et al., 2012)

              3-50.6

              Left of (cM)
              Right of (cM)
              Notes
              Stocks and Reagents
              Stocks (65)
              Genomic Clones (28)
              cDNA Clones (12)
               

              Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

              cDNA clones, fully sequenced
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

              For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

              cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               

              polyclonal

              (Konstantinides et al., 2022, Kucherenko et al., 2016, Monge et al., 2001)
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Cell Line Information
              Publicly Available Cell Lines
               
                Other Stable Cell Lines
                 
                  Other Comments

                  AP-2 is an important mediator of N activity in leg development.

                  (Kerber et al., 2001)

                  AP-2 is expressed in a spatio temporally restricted manner during embryogenesis with major sites of expression in the head and nervous system.

                  (Monge and Mitchell, 1997)
                  Relationship to Other Genes
                  Source for database merge of

                  Source for merge of: AP-2 l(3)1215

                  (Ciechanska et al., 2007)
                  Additional comments
                  Nomenclature History
                  Source for database identify of

                  Source for identity of: TfAP-2 AP-2

                  (FlyBase, 2009-)
                  Nomenclature comments

                  Renamed from 'AP-2' to 'Transcription factor AP-2' / 'TfAP-2' to avoid further confusion with the genes encoding subunits of the Adaptor Protein complex 2 (AP-2), specifically the 'Adaptor Protein complex 2, α subunit' / 'AP-2α' gene. The 'Transcription factor AP-2' / 'TfAP-2' name and symbol were used as these mirror the HGNC nomenclature for the orthologous human gene, and are clear and informative.

                  (FlyBase, 2009-)
                  Etymology
                  Synonyms and Secondary IDs (16)
                  Reported As
                  Symbol Synonym
                  AP-2
                  (Pinto et al., 2022, Bischof et al., 2018, Gonzalez et al., 2014, Singari et al., 2014, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Sorge et al., 2012, Ahn et al., 2011, Chatterjee et al., 2011, McNeil et al., 2011, Mitchell, 2007.4, Galindo et al., 2005)
                  AP-2α
                  (Benhra et al., 2011, Windler and Bilder, 2008)
                  CG7807
                  (Williams et al., 2014, Williams et al., 2014, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Klebes et al., 2005)
                  DAP-2
                  (Bauer et al., 1998, Mitchell, 1998.8.6, Monge and Mitchell, 1998, Monge and Mitchell, 1997)
                  TfAP-2
                  (Ye et al., 2024, Deshpande et al., 2022, Ray et al., 2022, Michki et al., 2021, Kurmangaliyev et al., 2020, Hall et al., 2019, Kurmangaliyev et al., 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Bischof et al., 2018, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Kucherenko et al., 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, model organism Encyclopedia of Regulatory Network (modERN) Project, 2015-, Schertel et al., 2015, Williams et al., 2014, Williams et al., 2014)
                  TfaP-2
                  (Fisher et al., 2023, Voutyraki et al., 2023, Ma et al., 2021)
                  Tfap-2
                  (Davis et al., 2020)
                  Tfap2
                  (Carnesecchi et al., 2020)
                  dAP-2
                  (Guarner et al., 2014, Ahn et al., 2011, Greenberg and Hatini, 2011, Greenberg and Hatini, 2009, Ciechanska et al., 2007, Greenberg and Hatini, 2007, Shirai et al., 2007, Ahn et al., 2004, Ahn et al., 2003, Monge et al., 2001, Monge et al., 1999, Bauer et al., 1998)
                  dAP-2α
                  (Wankhade et al., 2000)
                  dTfap2
                  (Van Otterloo et al., 2012)
                  l(3)1215
                  (Ciechanska et al., 2007)
                  tfAP-2
                  (Carnesecchi et al., 2020)
                  Name Synonyms
                  AP-2
                  Transcription factor AP-2
                  (Williams et al., 2014)
                  lethal (3) 1215
                  stummelbein
                  (Kerber et al., 2001)
                  Secondary FlyBase IDs
                  • FBgn0023417
                  • FBgn0002411
                  Datasets (0)
                  Study focus (0)
                  Experimental Role
                  Project
                  Project Type
                  Title
                  Study result (0)
                  Result
                  Result Type
                  Title
                  External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 63 )
                  Sequence Crossreferences
                  NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                  GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                  GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                  RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                  UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                  UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                  Other crossreferences
                  AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                  BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                  DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                  EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                  FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                  InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                  KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                  MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                  Linkouts
                  Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                  DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                  Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                  FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                  FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                  Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                  FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                  iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                  Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                  MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                  References (104)