FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Gprk2

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Gprk2

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2

Annotation Symbol

CG17998

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0261988

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

77 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

[G-protein-coupled receptor] kinase (2.7.11.16)

Gene Summary

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (Gprk2) encodes a member of a family of serine/threonine kinases that modulate G-protein coupled receptors. It is required for female fertility, normal egg shape, and normal egg cAMP levels. It is also implicated in Hedgehog signaling and olfactory rhythmicity. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Pathway
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

nosh

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

100C3-100C4

Sequence location

3R:31,405,245..31,457,873 [+]

Recombination map

3-102

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:31405245..31457873

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (19 terms)

Molecular Function (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

enables phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate binding

inferred from direct assay

(Jiang et al., 2016)

enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Li et al., 2018, Li et al., 2016)

inferred from direct assay

(Giordano et al., 2018, Jiang et al., 2016, Maier et al., 2014, Chen et al., 2010)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables ATP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000239, InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR000961, InterPro:IPR017441

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000239

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables protein kinase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001219783

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000961

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (11 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in apical constriction involved in gastrulation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Fuse et al., 2013)

involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Valanne et al., 2010)

involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Chen et al., 2010, Molnar et al., 2007)

involved_in negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:fu; FB:FBgn0001079

(Cheng et al., 2012)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:smo; FB:FBgn0003444

(Cheng et al., 2012)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ptc; FB:FBgn0003892

(Cheng et al., 2012)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Su(fu); FB:FBgn0005355

(Cheng et al., 2012)

involved_in oocyte morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

involved_in positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Valanne et al., 2010)

involved_in positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Cheng et al., 2010)

involved_in positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Giordano et al., 2018, Jiang et al., 2016, Ranieri et al., 2012, Cheng et al., 2010, Molnar et al., 2007)

inferred from direct assay

(Maier et al., 2014)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:smo; FB:FBgn0003444

(Chen et al., 2010)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:gish; FB:FBgn0250823

(Li et al., 2016)

involved_in positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Valanne et al., 2010)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Tl; FB:FBgn0262473

(Valanne et al., 2010)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in regulation of signal transduction

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001219785

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in signal transduction

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000239

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Cellular Component (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Jiang et al., 2016)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Lye et al., 2014)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytoplasm

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001219785

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED AGC KINASES

Positive Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

Negative Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

Positive Regulators of Toll-NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GPRK subfamily. (P32866)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity

[G-protein-coupled receptor] + ATP = [G-protein-coupled receptor]- phosphate + ADP + H(+) (2.7.11.16)

RHEA 12008:

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED AGC KINASES -: This group comprises AGC kinases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
Positive Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway -: Positive regulators of hedgehog signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the activation of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
Negative Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway -: Negative regulators of hedgehog signaling down-regulate the pathway, resulting in the repression of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
Positive Regulators of Toll-NF-κB Signaling Pathway -: In Drosophila, the canonical Toll signaling pathway is initiated by the binding of a spatzle ligand to Toll (Tl) or a Toll-like receptor leading to the nuclear localization of the NF-κB (dl or Dif) transcription factor. Positive regulators of Toll-NF-κB Signaling lead to the increased nuclear accumulation of the NF-κB proteins and regulated expression of target genes. (Adapted from FBrf0091014 and FBrf0223077).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Specifically phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein-coupled receptors (By similarity). Required during oogenesis and embryogenesis; component of a signaling pathway that functions during egg chamber maturation.

(UniProt, P32866)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

Serine/threonine protein kinase - involved in a receptor-mediated signaling pathway that utilizes cAMP as a second messenger - involved in oogenesis and implicated in learning

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Gprk2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P32866)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Gprk2-RA

FBtr0085788

NM_057519

4690

714

Gprk2-RB

FBtr0334555

NM_001276214

3545

714

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

5.5, 5.0, 4.0 (northern blot)

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

2.8 (longest cDNA)

(Cassill et al., 1991)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Gprk2-PA

FBpp0085149

80.7

714

6.31

FBpp0306622

80.7

714

6.31

P32866

NP_001263143

AGB96522

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

714 aa isoforms: Gprk2-PA, Gprk2-PB

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

714 (aa); 80 (kD observed); 81 (kD predicted)

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

427 (aa); 50 (kD predicted)

(Cassill et al., 1991)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Gprk2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Gprk2_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.30

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

wandering third instar larval stage

wing disc

(Molnar et al., 2007)

anterior-posterior compartment boundary of the wing disc | anterior to

(Molnar et al., 2007)

leg disc

(Molnar et al., 2007)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

embryonic stage 1 -- 6

organism

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

third instar larval stage

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

oogenesis & adult stage | female

ovary

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

RT-PCR

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

antenna

Comment: exhibits circadian cycling

(Tanoue et al., 2008)

Additional Descriptive Data

Gprk2 is expressed in antennae. Gprk2 mRNA levels oscillate in a diurnal manner with a peak at ZT17 and a trough at ZT1.

(Tanoue et al., 2008)

Gprk2 transcript is expressed throughout the wing disc, with highest levels observed immediately anterior to the A/P boundary.

(Molnar et al., 2007)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

wing disc

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

embryonic/larval corpus allatum

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

mushroom body

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

larval central nervous system

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

larval longitudinal connective

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

adult optic lobe

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

larval stage & adult stage

neuron

• axon

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

adult stage

adult mushroom body alpha-lobe

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

Kenyon cell

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

adult central nervous system

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

ellipsoid body

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

adult mushroom body | restricted

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

antenna

Comment: exhibits circadian cycling

(Tanoue et al., 2008)

oogenesis & adult stage | female

oocyte

• germinal vesicle

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

adult stage & oogenesis

germarium

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

follicle cell

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

ovary

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

nurse cell

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- adult stage

(Cassill et al., 1991)

third instar larval stage

wing disc

(Cheng et al., 2010)

adult stage

organism | ubiquitous

(Cassill et al., 1991)

adult head

(Cassill et al., 1991)

retina

(Cassill et al., 1991)

Additional Descriptive Data

Gprk2 is expressed in antennae. Gprk2 protein levels oscillate in a diurnal manner with a peak at ZT17 and a trough at ZT1.

(Tanoue et al., 2008)

Gprk1 protein is found at all stages by western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical staining shows that it is ubiquitous in the adult fly.

(Cassill et al., 1991)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Jiang et al., 2016)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Lye et al., 2014)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: Mi{Trojan-GAL4.1}Gprk2^{MI01907-TG4.1}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

wandering third instar larval stage

larval central nervous system | restricted

(Lee et al., 2018)

ventral nerve cord | restricted

(Lee et al., 2018)

embryonic/larval optic lobe | restricted

(Lee et al., 2018)

adult stage

adult brain | restricted

(Lee et al., 2018, Lee et al., 2018)

adult mushroom body

(Lee et al., 2018)

adult mushroom body | restricted

(Lee et al., 2018)

Reporter: P{ST.lexA::HG}PNPase^SE216

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

wandering third instar larval stage

larval ventral nerve cord

(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)

larval central nervous system

(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)

Reporter: PBac{681.P.FSVS-1}Gprk2^CPTI002085

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult mushroom body

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Gprk2 in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Gprk2

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Gprk2

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

49045/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0261988

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0004834

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0261988

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG17998

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 18 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 24 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Gprk2

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Gprk2

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 3 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 3 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3R)Exel6219

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(3R)Gprk2

(Cheng et al., 2010, Molnar et al., 2007)

Gene partially disrupted in

Df(3R)Gprk2-del1

(Cheng et al., 2010)

Inferred from location ( 3 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gprk2^GD741

partially lethal | heat sensitive

Gprk2^Δ15

partially lethal - majority die | heat sensitive

Gprk2^KO

partially lethal - majority die | recessive

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

viable

Sterility

Allele

female semi-sterile

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}, Scer\GAL4^VP16.otu, Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG

female sterile | recessive

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

fertile

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cell migration | embryonic stage

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

abnormal cell migration | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Gprk2^UAS.cFa

abnormal immune response, with Scer\GAL4^c564

Gprk2^NIG.17998R

abnormal neurophysiology

abnormal neurophysiology, with Scer\GAL4^{Orco.2.642.Hsim\VP22}

Gprk2^UAS.cTa

decreased fecundity | female

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

melanotic mass phenotype, with Scer\GAL4^{SPARC-MI00329-GAL4}

Gprk2^HMS00161

some die during embryonic stage | recessive | maternal effect | recessive

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gprk2^GD741

visible | heat sensitive

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

antenna

antenna, with Scer\GAL4^{Orco.2.642.Hsim\VP22}

Gprk2^UAS.cTa

anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^MD-638

Gprk2^RNAi.UAS.cMa

anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Gprk2^RNAi.UAS.cMa

dorsal appendage

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

dorsal appendage | germline clone

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

egg

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

egg chamber

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

egg operculum

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

embryo | embryonic stage 6

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

embryo | gastrula stage

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

embryo | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}, Scer\GAL4^VP16.otu, Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG

Gprk2^GL00233

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | dorsal

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | ventral

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

fat body, with Scer\GAL4^{SPARC-MI00329-GAL4}

Gprk2^HMS00161

germarium

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

melanotic mass, with Scer\GAL4^{SPARC-MI00329-GAL4}

Gprk2^HMS00161

nurse cell

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

nurse cell & actin filament

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

nurse cell & nucleus

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

nurse cell | germline clone

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

oocyte

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

primordial germ cell

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

segment

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

ventral furrow

Gprk2⁰⁶⁹³⁶

ventral furrow, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Gprk2^UAS.cFa

wing blade | heat sensitive

Gprk2^Δ15

wing cell, with Df(3R)Gprk2-del1

Gprk2^KO

wing cell | heat sensitive (with Df(3R)Gprk2)

Gprk2^KO

wing vein | heat sensitive

Gprk2^Δ15

wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4^MD-638

Gprk2^RNAi.UAS.cMa

wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Gprk2^RNAi.UAS.cMa

wing vein L3 | heat sensitive (with Df(3R)Gprk2)

Gprk2^KO

wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4^MD-638

Gprk2^RNAi.UAS.cMa

wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Gprk2^RNAi.UAS.cMa

wing vein L4 | heat sensitive (with Df(3R)Gprk2)

Gprk2^KO

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (35)

Hsap\GRK5

14 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GRK4

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GRK6

12 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GRK1

5 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GRK2

4 of 14

Hsap\GRK7

4 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (27)

Rnor\Grk5

14 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Grk4

13 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Grk6

13 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Grk1

5 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (26)

Mmus\Grk5

14 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Grk4

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Grk6

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Grk1

5 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

3 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (19)

Xtro\LOC100497344

10 of 13

Yes

Xtro\grk5

9 of 13

Yes

Xtro\grk4

7 of 13

Yes

Xtro\grk6

7 of 13

Yes

Xtro\grk7

4 of 13

Yes

Xtro\grk1

3 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (29)

Drer\grk4

13 of 14

Yes

Drer\grk5l

13 of 14

Yes

Drer\grk6

13 of 14

Yes

Drer\grk5

9 of 14

Yes

Drer\grk1a

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\grk7a

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\grk7b

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\grk1b

4 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Drer\si:ch211-195b13.1

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (10)

Cele\grk-1

14 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (8)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP004117

12 of 12

Yes

3 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)

Atha\PK1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\S6K2

1 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (6)

Scer\SCH9

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\TPK1

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\TPK2

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\TPK3

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\YPK1

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\YPK2

1 of 13

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)

Spom\gad8

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\psk1

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\sck1

1 of 12

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Gprk2. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (10)

Gprk1

5 of 13

Akt

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

S6k

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

alcohol, response to, GRK4,5,6-related

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Gprk2^GL00233

model of alcohol use disorder

CEA

(Kang et al., 2020)

Gprk2^KK109241

model of alcohol use disorder

CEA

(Kang et al., 2020)

Gprk2^KO

model of alcohol use disorder

CEA

(Kang et al., 2020)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

GRK1; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1

model of Oguchi disease-2

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Gprk2^UAS.cCb

exacerbates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cFa

(Chen and Feany, 2005)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

GRK5; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5

14 of 14

600870

GRK4; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4

13 of 14

137026

GRK6; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6

12 of 14

600869

GRK1; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1

5 of 14

180381

OGUCHI DISEASE 2

Oguchi disease-2

GRK2; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2

4 of 14

109635

GRK7; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 7

4 of 14

606987

GRK3; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3

3 of 14

109636

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Gprk2

fluorescent resonance energy transfer, fluorescence microscopy, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Chen et al., 2010)

Gprk2 - Cul4

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2018)

Gprk2 - Gβ13F

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2018)

Gprk2 - Gβ76C

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2018)

Gprk2 - Smurf

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2018)

Gprk2 - cact

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Valanne et al., 2010)

Gprk2 - fu

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Giordano et al., 2018)

Gprk2 - pic

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2018)

Gprk2 - smo

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, fluorescent resonance energy transfer, fluorescence microscopy

(Jiang et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2010)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Gprk2

suppressible

fog

(Fuse et al., 2013)

Gprk2

suppressible

Pde4

(Lannutti and Schneider, 2001)

Gprk2

enhanceable

Pka-C1

(Cheng et al., 2012)

Gprk2

enhanceable

smo

(Molnar et al., 2007)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

cta

suppressible

Gprk2

(Fuse et al., 2013)

fog

suppressible

Gprk2

(Chai et al., 2019)

enhanceable

Gprk2

(Molnar et al., 2007)

Pde4

suppressible

Gprk2

(Lannutti and Schneider, 2001)

smo

enhanceable

Gprk2

(Li et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2010)

smo|gish

enhanceable

Gprk2

(Li et al., 2016)

suppressible

Gprk2

(Valanne et al., 2010)

External Data

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0261988

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

49045

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

49045

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Positive Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
Negative Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
Positive Regulators of Toll-NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

G alpha (s) signalling events

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

P32866

Class of Gene

gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-102

Cytogenetic map

100C3-100C4

Sequence location

3R:31,405,245..31,457,873 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

100C3-100C4

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)rM731^rM731 and P{EP}pygo^EP1076

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

100C3-100C5

(Schneider, 1997.5.19)

100C-100C

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Spradling et al., 1999, Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

100C-89E

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

100C3-100C5

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Cassill et al., 1991)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-102

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-99.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (77)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

44609

w^*; P{UAS-Gprk2.Cb}2

47860

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR13C06-GAL4}attP2

48486

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR12A12-GAL4}attP2

48525

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR12G09-GAL4}attP2

48534

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR12H12-GAL4}attP2

Korea

16129

P{GMR13F12-lexA}attP40

16177

P{R13F04-lexA::p65.WPRE}attP40

16152

PBac{R13F04-lexA::p65.WPRE}VK00027

17998R-1

17998R-3

v101463

v1835

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (36)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (59)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0261988

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0261988

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Cheng et al., 2010, Tanoue et al., 2008, Cassill et al., 1991)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

Gprk2 has been cloned and sequenced, and its expression pattern has been analysed.

(Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

Mutations in nosh disrupt a pathway that is involved in the development of many different tissues. nosh protein is a putative G protein-coupled receptor kinase.

(Schneider and Spradling, 1995)

Gprk2 has been cloned and sequenced.

(Cassill et al., 1991)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: Gprk2 CG17998

(Misra, 2000.4.8)

Source for merge of: Gprk2 nosh

(FlyBase, 1992-)

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

154978_at

(Kristensen et al., 2005)

CG17998

(Neuert et al., 2017, Hosono et al., 2015, Christis and Munro, 2012, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Valanne et al., 2010, Deloger et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Krejcí et al., 2009, Mohit et al., 2006, Morrison et al., 2000)

GPRK2

(Li et al., 2023, Galenza and Foley, 2019)

Gprk 2

(Bhadra et al., 2016)

Gprk-2

(Cassill et al., 1991)

Gprk2

(Chvilicek et al., 2024, Gilbert et al., 2024, Huang et al., 2024, Olivares et al., 2023, Saha et al., 2023, Titlow et al., 2023, Han and Jiang, 2022, Marcogliese et al., 2022, Yildirim et al., 2022, Ostalé et al., 2021, Ko and Martin, 2020, Hegazi et al., 2019, Kockel et al., 2019, Jha et al., 2018, Lee et al., 2018, Li et al., 2018, Li et al., 2018, Palmer et al., 2018, Gilmour et al., 2017, Neuert et al., 2017, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Jiang et al., 2016, Lee et al., 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Zang et al., 2015, Abnave et al., 2014, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Garcia-Guerra et al., 2014, Sopko et al., 2014, Briscoe and Thérond, 2013, Chen and Jiang, 2013, Fuse et al., 2013, Hooper, 2013.5.30, Hooper, 2013.6.26, Mbodj et al., 2013, Cheng et al., 2012, Molnar et al., 2011, Toku et al., 2011, Chatterjee and Hardin, 2010, Chatterjee et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2010, Cheng et al., 2010, Raja et al., 2010, Valanne et al., 2010, Deloger et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Telonis-Scott et al., 2009, Krishnan et al., 2008, Tanoue et al., 2008, Zhou et al., 2008, Molnar et al., 2007, Molnar et al., 2007, Chen and Feany, 2005)

gprk2

(Kang et al., 2020, Giordano et al., 2018, Li et al., 2016, Maier et al., 2014, Ranieri et al., 2014, Fuse et al., 2013, Cheng et al., 2012, Kind et al., 2008, Tanoue et al., 2006, Boyle et al., 2005, Lee et al., 2004, Fan and Schneider, 2003, Lannutti and Schneider, 2001, Schneider and Spradling, 1997)

nosh

Name Synonyms

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2

(Garcia-Guerra et al., 2014, Chatterjee et al., 2010, Krishnan et al., 2008, Tanoue et al., 2008, Chen and Feany, 2005)

nosh

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0004834
FBgn0039847
FBgn0011677

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 53 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

49045

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P32866

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P32866

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

A0A0B4KI69

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P32866

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

49045/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0261988

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0261988

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG17998

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

49045

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0261988

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0261988

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0261988

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Gprk2_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0004834

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0261988

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG17998

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0261988

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC011652

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

49045

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

49045

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

G alpha (s) signalling events

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

P32866

References (147)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-1.30

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