• Home
• Tools
  • Tools Overview
  • Query Tools

    
    • QuickSearch
    • QueryBuilder
    • TermLink
    • CytoSearch
    • RNA-Seq Search
    • Interactions Browser
    • ImageBrowse
    • Find A Person
    • Google™ FlyBase
  • Genomic/Map Tools

    
    • BLAST
    • GBrowse
    • GBrowse 2 Beta
    • CytoSearch
    • Feature Mapper
    • Aberrations Maps
    • Chromosome Maps
    • Coordinates Converter
  • Retrieve/Convert

    
    • Batch Download
    • Coordinates Converter
    • ID Converter
  • Data Submission

    
    • Fast-Track Your Paper
    • Submit Personal Comm
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
  • People

    
    • Find A Person
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
• Files
  • Files Overview
  • Current release
  • Archived releases
  • Map Conversion
  • FTP site:
  • Releases (FTP)
  • Genomes (FTP)
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequenced Species
  • Synteny Table
  • Color Illustrations
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All Resources
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Other links:
  • BDGP
  • DGRC
  • DIS by issue
  • FlyExpress
  • Interactive Fly
  • modENCODE
  • Textpresso for Fly
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • FlyBase Guides
  • Video Tutorials
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Release
  • Other Archives
  • Coordinate Converter

Gene Dmel\trh

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\trh	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	trachealess	Annotation symbol	CG42865
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0262139
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	11 publicly available
Also Known As	CG6883, CG13885
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map	3-1
Cytogenetic map	61C1-61C1	Sequence location	3L:366,524..392,633 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene trachealess is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\trh (CG42865, FBgn0262139). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; sequence-specific DNA binding; RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription; protein heterodimerization activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system; Malpighian tubule morphogenesis; spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system; lateral inhibition; dendrite morphogenesis; epithelial tube formation; salivary gland development; open tracheal system development; salivary gland morphogenesis. 30 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; portion of tissue; multicellular structure; non-connected developing system; tracheal system; late extended germ band embryo; dorsal ectoderm derivative; spiracle; embryonic foregut; tracheal branch primordium. It has 7 annotated transcripts and 7 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain; PAC motif; PAS domain; PAS fold; PAS fold-3. Gene sequence location is 3L:366524..392633.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	trh: trachealess Embryonic lethal. Tracheae are absent and filzkorper not elongated.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 61C1-61C1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}trh10512 and P{EP}EP3104EP3104
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 61C1-61C2   Differs from the previously reported cytological location for trh (FBrf0041709). (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) 61B3-61C3     (Shilo, 1995.8.8) 61C1-61C2     (Andrew, 1995.12.8) 61C1-61C2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 61C-61C     (Gibson et al., 1999) 61C1-61C2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Perrimon et al., 1996) 61C1-61C2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Issac and Andrew, 1995) 61C1-61C2     (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-1 (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\trh for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.44 Gene model reviewed during 5.46 Stop-codon suppression (UAG) postulated; FBrf0216884. gene_with_stop_codon_read_through ; SO:0000697 Gene merge based on RNA-Seq data. Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) trh-RA FBtr0304120  NM_079148   4588   958 trh-RB FBtr0304121  NM_001043110   4501   929 trh-RC FBtr0304122  NM_001103991   4517   966 trh-RD FBtr0330146  NM_001274278   4588   1022 trh-RE FBtr0330147  NM_001274279   4570   952 trh-RF FBtr0333901  NM_001274280   4586   989 trh-RG FBtr0333902  NM_001274281   4483   923
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	4.565 (compiled cDNA) (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) 4.489 (compiled cDNA) (Wilk et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein trh-PA   FBpp0293063   102.2   958   7.09     NP_523872   AAF47386 trh-PB   FBpp0293064   99.3   929   7.02     NP_001036575   ABI31226 trh-PC   FBpp0293065   103.6   966   7.15     NP_001097461   ABW08426 trh-PD   FBpp0303179   109.2   1022   7.14     NP_001261207   AGB93902 trh-PE   FBpp0303180   101.6   952   7.17     NP_001261208   AGB93903 trh-PF   FBpp0306032   105.9   989   7.26     NP_001261209   AGB93904 trh-PG   FBpp0306033   98.7   923   7.10     NP_001261210   AGB93905
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	949 (aa); 150 (kD observed) (Wilk et al., 1996) 924 (aa) (Isaac and Andrew, 1996)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • PAS fold-3 (IPR013655) PAC motif (IPR001610) PAS fold (IPR013767) PAS domain (IPR000014) Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain (IPR011598)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014296 AAF47386   AE014296 ABI31226   AE014296 ABW08426   AE014296 AGB93902   AE014296 AGB93903   AE014296 AGB93904   AE014296 AGB93905   AI292802   AY094911   BG632909   BI616025   BT031114   BT058079   BT128786   BT133348   CO262100   CO265336   CO266467   CO272982   CO282431   CO282554   CO294347   CO298576   CO301125   CO307782   CO322865   CO330655   CO331240   CO338965   CO341940   CX309639   CX309640   EC072790   EC194669   EC198565   EC201457   EC209302   EC210409   EC210931   EC216240   EC226495   EC227533   EC227912   EC228587   EC228588   EC237432   EC245450   EC254062   EC255450   EL886156   EL886263
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q24119
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q2PE10
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References regulatory region FBsf0000435055 3L:394,668..395,468 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Sotillos et al., 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435313 3L:396,509..398,168 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Sotillos et al., 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435647 3L:415,265..416,768 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Sotillos et al., 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436394 3L:416,918..418,668 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Sotillos et al., 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436580 3L:374,245..374,667 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Sotillos et al., 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   tracheal pit   (Wilk et al., 1996) tracheal primordium   (Haberman et al., 2003, Wilk et al., 1996) embryonic/larval tracheal system   (Wilk et al., 1996) salivary gland body primordium   (Wilk et al., 1996) presumptive embryonic salivary gland   (Haberman et al., 2003) embryonic stage 8 -- 17   embryonic/larval trachea   (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) embryonic/larval salivary gland   (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) embryonic/larval salivary gland duct   (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   salivary gland body primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as salivary gland anlage tracheal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as tracheal system anlage embryonic stage 10   tracheal primordium   (Hombria et al., 2005) embryonic stage 10 -- 11   tracheal primordium   (Karsten et al., 2006, Affolter and Shilo, 2000) salivary gland body primordium   (Karsten et al., 2006) embryonic stage 11   embryonic labial segment   (Brown et al., 2001) tracheal pit   (Brown et al., 2001) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   salivary gland body primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as salivary gland primordium tracheal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 17   filzkorper   (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic salivary gland duct   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval nervous system   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval salivary gland common duct   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 17   central nervous system | restricted   (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) embryonic stage 14   trachea   (Hombria et al., 2005)
Additional Descriptive Data
	trh transcripts are detected in the entire salivary gland primordia by embryonic stage 9 but disappear from the secretory cells during stage 12. Expression in tracheal cells begins in stage 8 and continues throughout embryogenesis. trh is expressed in the cells that connect the trachea to the posterior spiracles (which will form the filzkorper) starting in stage 11. It is also expressed in a subset of CNS cells. (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) trh transcripts are expressed initially in the trahceal placodes, tracheal pits, and in salivary placodes. Later, they are expressed in migrating tracheal cells. (Wilk et al., 1996)
Marker for
	trachea embryonic tracheal pit tracheal primordium
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   embryonic/larval tracheal system   (Wilk et al., 1996) trachea   • nucleus (Dorfman et al., 2002) embryonic stage 10   salivary gland duct anlage & salivary gland body primordium   (Andrew et al., 2000) embryonic stage 11   tracheal primordium   (Jin et al., 2001) embryonic stage 11 -- 14   salivary gland duct primordium   (Andrew et al., 2000) embryonic stage 12 -- 13   tracheal primordium   (Adryan et al., 2000) embryonic stage 14   embryonic/larval posterior spiracle   (Wilk et al., 1996) embryonic stage 14 -- 17   embryonic/larval tracheal system   (Adryan et al., 2000) embryonic stage 15   embryonic/larval salivary gland duct   (Wilk et al., 1996) embryonic salivary gland duct   (Andrew et al., 2000)
Additional Descriptive Data
	trh protein is detected in the nuclei of all tracheal cells. Staining is also observed in the salivary gland ducts and cells that will give rise to the posterior spiracles. Weak staining is seen in salivary glands. (Wilk et al., 1996) Protein is detected in 10 ectodermal placodes along each dorsal-lateral side of the embryo. (Jin et al., 2001)
Marker for
	embryonic/larval tracheocyte
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Araújo and Casanova, 2011) inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Wilk et al., 1996)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{ET-L}trh-1-eve-1 Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   embryonic/larval trachea   (Perrimon et al., 1991) embryonic stage & larval stage   embryonic/larval tracheal system   (Wilk et al., 1996) embryonic stage 10   tracheal pit   (Wilk et al., 1996) embryonic stage 10 -- 17   embryonic/larval tracheal system   (Samakovlis et al., 1996) presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system   (Wilk et al., 2000) embryonic stage 11 -- 14   tracheal primordium   (Wolf and Schuh, 2000) dorsal trunk anterior branch   (Wolf and Schuh, 2000) dorsal trunk posterior branch   (Wolf and Schuh, 2000) tracheal fusion cell   (Wolf and Schuh, 2000) embryonic stage 11 -- 17   embryonic/larval tracheal system   (Perrimon et al., 1991) embryonic stage 13   embryonic/larval trachea   (Kamimura et al., 2001) embryonic stage 15   embryonic/larval salivary gland duct   (Wilk et al., 1996)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    5 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    4 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    5 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    4 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    5 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    4 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    5 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    4 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    5 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    4 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    5 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    4 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    5 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    4 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    5 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    4 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    4 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    9 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    4 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    9 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    4 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    9 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    4 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    9 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    4 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    9 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    4 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    9 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    4 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    9 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    4 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    9 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    21 embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    4 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    8 pupae 2d postWPP    5 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • RH17284
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | embryonic stage | recessive trh10512 trhunspecified lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 trhGD12826 lethal | recessive trh10512 trhET partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 trhGD12826 partially lethal - majority die | recessive trh10512 Other Phenotypes Allele neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage trh10512 visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 trhGD12826 Phenotype manifest in Allele abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 & growth cone trh10512 chaeta | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 trhGD12826 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle trh10512 embryonic/larval dorsal branch, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev trhDN.Scer\UAS.T:Uuuu\T7 embryonic/larval dorsal trunk, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev trhDN.Scer\UAS.T:Uuuu\T7 embryonic/larval hindgut | embryonic stage trh1 embryonic/larval muscle system trh3 embryonic/larval salivary gland | embryonic stage trh1 trh10512 embryonic/larval salivary gland duct | embryonic stage trhET embryonic/larval trachea trh10512 trh3 embryonic/larval tracheocyte trh1 embryonic epidermis, with Scer\GAL469B trhScer\UAS.cWa embryonic epidermis, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 trhScer\UAS.cWa embryonic salivary gland duct trh1 trh6 trh2 trh3 filzkorper trh7 trh1 trh5 trh6 trh4 trhET trh8 trh10512 trhunspecified Malpighian tubule trh1 trh8 presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system trh1 trachea trh7 trh1 trh5 trh6 trh4 trhET trh8 trh10512 trhunspecified tracheal branch primordium trh1 trh2 trh10512 tracheal branch primordium, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev trhDN.Scer\UAS.T:Uuuu\T7 tracheal pit trh10512 trh3 tracheal pit, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev trhScer\UAS.cWa trhbSim.Scer\UAS tracheal pit | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4salm-459.2 trhScer\UAS.cWa tracheal primordium trh1 tracheal primordium | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS trhScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG trhS665D.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG ureter trh1
Classical Alleles ( 12 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of trh Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion trh10512 amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele P-element activity 1 Yes trh1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- trh2 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- trhf02835 piggyBac transposase 1 -- trh3 0 -- trh4 P-element activity 0 -- trh5 P-element activity 0 -- trh6 P-element activity 0 -- trh7 P-element activity 0 -- trh8 P-element activity 0 -- trhET P-element activity 0 -- trhunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 18 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of trh Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion trhGD12826 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes trhHMS00002 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes trhJF02188 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes trhKK108906 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes trhKK108968 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes trhScer\UAS.cWa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes trhAct5C.PS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes trhAct5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes trhbSim.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes trhDN.Scer\UAS.T:Uuuu\T7 in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes trhKK115660 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes trhNIG.6883R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes trhS571A.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes trhS665A.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes trhS665A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes trhS665D.Act5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes trhS665D.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes trhScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)BSC247 (Gresens and Cook, 2006.12.5) Df(3L)BSC362 (Christensen et al., 2007.10.29) Df(3L)BSC798 (Christensen et al., 2009.5.6) Df(3L)BSC835 (Cook et al., 2009.11.25) Df(3L)emc-E12 (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) Df(3L)H141 (Jurgens et al., 1984) Df(3L)XZB970 (Badenhorst, 2003.3.11) Ts(2Rt;3Rt)Dll15 (Jurgens et al., 1984) Ts(Y;3Rt)G130 (Jurgens et al., 1984, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) Ts(YSt;3Rt)A114 (Jurgens et al., 1984, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Not disrupted in	Df(3L)27-3 (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) Df(3L)Ar11 (Spradling et al., 1999, Isaac and Andrew, 1996) Df(3L)Ar12-1 (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) Df(3L)Ar14-8 (Spradling et al., 1999, Isaac and Andrew, 1996) Df(3L)emc (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD12826} NA P{KK108906} NA P{KK108968} NA P{KK115660} NA P{NIG.6883R} NA P{TRiP.HMS00002} NA P{TRiP.JF02188} NA P{UAS-trh.bSim} NA P{UAS-trh.DN} NA P{UAS-trh.FLAG} NA P{UAS-trh.S665A.FLAG} NA P{UAS-trh.S665D.FLAG} NA P{UAS-trh.W} NA reporter construct P{trh.lacZ.24} No P{trh.lacZ.31} No P{trh.lacZ.45} No P{trh.lacZ.47} No P{trh.lacZ.66} No P{trh.lacZ.67} No P{trh.lacZ.75} No P{trh.lacZ.79} No characterization construct P{UAS-sim::trh.PAS} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{ET-L}trh-1-eve-1 No P{lacZ}trhET No P{PZ}trh10512 No miscellaneous insertions PBac{WH}trhf02835 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 19 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 14 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein heterodimerization activity inferred from physical interaction with tgo (Sonnenfeld et al., 1997) contributes_to RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription inferred from physical interaction with tgo (Sonnenfeld et al., 1997) sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Jiang and Crews, 2007) contributes_to sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity inferred from physical interaction with tgo (Jiang and Crews, 2007)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
dendrite morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Parrish et al., 2006) epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system inferred from mutant phenotype (Jin et al., 2001) epithelial tube formation inferred from mutant phenotype (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) lateral inhibition inferred from mutant phenotype (Mummery-Widmer et al., 2009) Malpighian tubule morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Jack and Myette, 1999) open tracheal system development inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Wilk et al., 1996) salivary gland development inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Wilk et al., 1996) salivary gland morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Haberman et al., 2003) spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system inferred from mutant phenotype (Hu and Castelli-Gair, 1999)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Araújo and Casanova, 2011) inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Wilk et al., 1996)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 12 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein heterodimerization activity traceable author statement (Zelzer and Shilo, 2000, Ghabrial et al., 2003) sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with sim (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with human HIF1A (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1997.2.1) traceable author statement (Ghabrial et al., 2003) signal transducer activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000014 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system traceable author statement (Zelzer and Shilo, 2000, Affolter and Shilo, 2000, Ribeiro et al., 2003, Ghabrial et al., 2003) open tracheal system development non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1997.2.1) traceable author statement (Bradley et al., 2001) regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P05709 (assigned by UniProtKB) (Wilk et al., 1996) regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1997.2.1) salivary gland development non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1997.2.1, Abrams et al., 2003) salivary gland morphogenesis traceable author statement (Bradley et al., 2001) signal transduction inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000014, InterPro:IPR001610 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from sequence or structural similarity with sim (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with human HIF1A (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1997.2.1) traceable author statement (Ghabrial et al., 2003)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene_with_stop_codon_read_through (Jungreis et al., 2011) nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions trh allele Gene References trh1 btl (Sedaghat et al., 2002) jing (Sedaghat et al., 2002) trh8 tgo (Sonnenfeld et al., 1997) trhS665D.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG Akt1 (Jin et al., 2001) trhScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG Akt1 (Jin et al., 2001) unspecified tgo (Sedaghat et al., 2002)
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0262139 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 38065
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (51) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6549J0 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6C881D Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6C86Q1 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6Q83F1 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG64234M
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6549J0)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\trh     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD25707 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\trh Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG14662 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE21022 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF24890 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA19928 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL22602 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK20151 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ12482 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI16736 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH15456 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6C881D)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL002343   Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL014740   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP000056   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ006378   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ006379
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6C86Q1)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB52114   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG007862   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG007860   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH15650   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP14937   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP14936   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO15087   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL14737   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH12114   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH12116   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB21018   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB21016   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV11817   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI001635   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA010185   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM613040   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\Trh
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6Q83F1)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\Edf1   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW018626   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW018625
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG64234M)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\hlh-34   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_007191gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_014249gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\npas3b   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000079182   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\CABZ01064670.1   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\npas3   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\NPAS3   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Npas1   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Npas3   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Npas1   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000032407   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\NPAS1   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\NPAS3
Human Orthologs (2)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\NPAS1     Hsap\NPAS3
AAA Orthologs (19) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD25705 Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD25707 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM14277 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\trh Drosophila erecta Dere\GG14660 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG14662 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE21020 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE21022 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF24889 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF24890 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA19928 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL22602 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK20140 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK20151 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ12481 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ12482 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI16736 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH15456 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH23747
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 11 )
Bloomington	9584 y1 w*; P{UAS-trh.W}3 27986 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02188}attP2 33612 y1 v1; P{TRiP.HMS00002}attP2 11747 P{PZ}trh10512 ry506/TM3, ryRK Sb1 Ser1 8483 trh2 ru1 h1 th1 st1 cu1 sr1 es ca1/TM6B, Tb1
Harvard	- PBac{WH}trhf02835
Kyoto	106845 trh1 ru1 h1 th1 st1 cu1 sr1 es ca1/TM3, ru* Sb1 Ser1
VDRC	v101509 P{KK108906}VIE-260B v105295 P{KK108968}VIE-260B v22703 w1118; P{GD12826}v22703 v22704 w1118; P{GD12826}v22704/CyO
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR01I24 BACR13F06 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 40 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RH17284
Other clones	FI13840 FI17826 IP17239 MIP04490
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RH41922
Other clones	10004 15645 31872 35535 44962 44991 76670 117962 149673 177123 191386 192686 214349.21 214439.31 CK01.11B.H9 CK01.113A.C10 EK084405 EK109046 EK142318 EK146513 EK160454 EK160715 EK173264 EK180205 EK189107 EK206631 EK255563 EK295830 EK298861 EP00437 EP13455 GH15796 IP17439 IP17539
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0262139 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 38065
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Wilk et al., 1996, Hsouna et al., 2010)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: CG13885 HDC07747 (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005) Source for merge of: trh CG13885 (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2010)
Additional comments	Annotations CG6883 and CG13885 merged as CG42865 in release 5.30 of the genome annotation. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2010)
Other Comments
	dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene. RNAi of trh results in reduction of the dendritic field size of ddaE and ddaD neurons. There is a minor reduction in both primary branch outgrowth and the number of lateral branches and a more marked reduction in the overall length of lateral branches. Consequently, the most distal regions of the dendritic field are not innervated. RNAi also causes defects in muscle, defects in dendrite morphogenesis but does not cause obvious defects in da dendrite development. (Parrish et al., 2006) Annotation CG13885 restored in release 4.3 of the genome annotation. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005) Annotation CG13885 was eliminated in release 3 of the genome annotation, October 2002. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003) Nuclear localisation of the tgo protein is dependent on the presence of either sim or trh protein, and nuclear entry of sim or trh protein requires interaction with tgo protein. (Ward et al., 1998) btl expression in the developing trachea is regulated by direct interactions between trh/tgo heterodimers and three central midline elements located in the btl minimum enhancer. (Ohshiro and Saigo, 1997) trh induces tracheal cell fates. (Shilo et al., 1997) sim and trh activate transcription by forming dimers with the tgo protein. Gene dosage studies reveal in vivo interactions between sim and tgo, and trh and tgo. The interacting proteins in vivo control CNS midline and tracheal transcription and development. (Sonnenfeld et al., 1997) The PAS domain of trh confers its target gene specificity. (Zelzer et al., 1997) The trh product is required for tubulogenesis. (Isaac and Andrew, 1996) The distinction between pregland and preduct cells is made by the combination of two spatially separated negative regulatory steps: the Egfr signaling pathway represses fkh in the preduct cells and fkh represses duct specific genes in the pregland cells. trh is a duct-specific gene activator and is one of the targets of fkh repression. (Kuo et al., 1996) The autosomal "FLP-DFS" technique (using the P{ovoD1-18} P{FRT(whs)} P{hsFLP} chromosomes) has been used to study the zygotic lethal mutation. (Perrimon et al., 1996) trh encodes a bHLH-PAS protein that is an inducer of tracheal cell fates. Expression is first induced by exogenous cues and is subsequently autoregulated. The role of trh in the formation of several tubular tissues in the embryo suggests it may induce a general fate of branched tubular structures of epithelial origin. (Wilk et al., 1996) trh is required for both salivary gland and tracheal development, and may be a direct downstream target of Scr. (Issac and Andrew, 1995) trh and the spi group of genes probably act in two separate pathways that are both necessary for proper salivary duct development. In the absence of trh pre-duct cells are not specified. (Jones et al., 1995) trh mutants display no tracheae and the filzkorper are not elongated. (Jurgens et al., 1984)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079148 NM_001043110 NM_001103991 NM_001274278 NM_001274279 NM_001274280 NM_001274281 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523872 NP_001036575 NP_001097461 NP_001261207 NP_001261208 NP_001261209 NP_001261210 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF47386 ABC66119 ABI31226 ABW08426 AGB93902 AGB93903 AGB93904 AGB93905 CX309639 CX309640 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 38065 3885635 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q24119 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q2PE10
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • PAS fold-3 (IPR013655) PAC motif (IPR001610) PAS fold (IPR013767) PAS domain (IPR000014) Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain (IPR011598) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • RH17284
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0262139 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0262139 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0262139 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 38065 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 38065 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0262139
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 15 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	3.1 (Gibson et al., 1999) bHLHe13 (Stevens et al., 2008) BP1081 (Yandell et al., 2005) CG6883 (Stevens et al., 2008, Stevens et al., 2008, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009) CG13885 (Sotillos et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) CG42865 (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) DMU42699 (Colson and Goldstein, 1999) HDC07747   l(3)10512 (Perrimon et al., 1996, ) trachealess (Edwards et al., 2006) trh (Chung et al., 2011, Mortimer and Moberg, 2009, Bellen et al., 2011, Jungreis et al., 2011, Karsten et al., 2006, Baer et al., 2010, Brodu et al., 2010, Sotillos et al., 2010, Krattinger et al., 2007, Ng et al., 2006, Jung et al., 2006, Arbouzova et al., 2006, Hombria et al., 2005, Franch-Marro et al., 2006, Gresens and Cook, 2006.12.5, Christensen et al., 2007.10.29, Kamimura et al., 2006, Jiang and Crews, 2007, Harris and Beckendorf, 2007, Weaver and Krasnow, 2008, Nishimura et al., 2007, Shindo et al., 2008, Tajiri et al., 2007, Inoue and Hayashi, 2007, Hauenschild et al., 2008, Parrish et al., 2007, Jiang and Crews, 2003, Christensen et al., 2009.5.6, Rawlings et al., 2004, Cook et al., 2009.11.25, Chung et al., 2009, Araujo et al., 2007, Hsouna et al., 2010, Tolhuis et al., 2011, Letizia et al., 2011, Morozova et al., 2010, Choi et al., 2007, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Zhou et al., 2012) Trh (Araújo and Casanova, 2011, Mortimer and Moberg, 2007, Jiang and Crews, 2006, Cela and Llimargas, 2006, Chung et al., 2008, Hsouna and Hsu, 2008, Centanin et al., 2008, Mortimer and Moberg, 2007, Massarwa et al., 2009, Weiss et al., 2010, Sonnenfeld et al., 2010, Zhan et al., 2010) TRH (Nagao and Yanagida, 2002, Haberman et al., 2001, Henderson and Andrew, 2000, Colson and Goldstein, 1999, Brodu and Casanova, 2006) unnamed (Yandell et al., 2005)
Name Synonym	trachealess (Okegbe and DiNardo, 2011, Schmidt et al., 2011, Karsten et al., 2006, Baer et al., 2010, Brodu et al., 2010, Sotillos et al., 2010, Edwards et al., 2006, Colson, 1998.5.26, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Parrish et al., 2006, Ng et al., 2006, Edenfeld et al., 2007, Shindo et al., 2008, Tajiri et al., 2007, Inoue and Hayashi, 2007, Hauenschild et al., 2008, Hsouna et al., 2010, Szuplewski et al., 2010, Tolhuis et al., 2011, Letizia et al., 2011, Ghabrial et al., 2011) Trachealess (Chung et al., 2011, Mortimer and Moberg, 2007, Jiang and Crews, 2006, Cela and Llimargas, 2006, Chung et al., 2008, Hsouna and Hsu, 2008, Centanin et al., 2008, Mortimer and Moberg, 2007, Massarwa et al., 2009, Chung et al., 2009, Sonnenfeld et al., 2010, Morozova et al., 2010, Choi et al., 2007)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBan0006883 FBgn0003749 FBgn0010944 FBgn0026793 FBgn0040689 FBgn0082659 FBgn0260471
References ( 214 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 214 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 129 ) Supplementary material  ( 4 ) Review  ( 18 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 18 ) Abstract  ( 32 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 3 ) Stock list  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Book  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 9 )
	Zhou et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(3): e1002593 Phenotypic plasticity of the Drosophila transcriptome. [FBrf0217974] Araújo and Casanova, 2011, J. Cell Sci. 124(14): 2335--2340 Sequoia establishes tip-cell number in Drosophila trachea by regulating FGF levels. [FBrf0214024] Bellen et al., 2011, Genetics 188(3): 731--743 The Drosophila gene disruption project: progress using transposons with distinctive site specificities. [FBrf0214229] Chung et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 360(1): 160--172 Trachealess (Trh) regulates all tracheal genes during Drosophila embryogenesis. [FBrf0216563] Ghabrial et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(7): e1002087 A systematic screen for tube morphogenesis and branching genes in the Drosophila tracheal system. [FBrf0214368] Letizia et al., 2011, J. Cell Sci. 124(2): 240--251 Regulated Crb accumulation controls apical constriction and invagination in Drosophila tracheal cells. [FBrf0212559] Okegbe and DiNardo, 2011, Development 138(7): 1259--1267 The endoderm specifies the mesodermal niche for the germline in Drosophila via Delta-Notch signaling. [FBrf0213233] Schmidt et al., 2011, Glia 59(9): 1264--1272 Transcriptional regulation of peripheral glial cell differentiation in the embryonic nervous system of drosophila. [FBrf0214270] Tolhuis et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(3): e1001343 Interactions among Polycomb Domains Are Guided by Chromosome Architecture. [FBrf0213356] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...