A Database of Drosophila Genes & Genomes

FB2013_03, released May 7th, 2013
 

Gene Dmel\vas

General Information
SymbolDmel\vasSpeciesD. melanogaster
NamevasaAnnotation symbolCG43081
Feature typeprotein_coding_geneFlyBase IDFBgn0262526
Gene Model StatusCurrent Stock availability 23 publicly available
Also Known AsVasa, CG3506, BG:DS00929.15, solo, BG:DS00929.14, cgt
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)2LRecombination map
Cytogenetic map35C1-35C1Sequence location2L:15,061,656..15,074,383 [+]

Genomic Maps

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detailed view
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Automatically generated summary

See sections below for more information
The gene vasa is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\vas (CG43081, FBgn0262526). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein binding; mRNA 3'-UTR binding; RNA binding; ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: mitotic chromosome condensation; meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric; positive regulation of translation; oogenesis; pole plasm assembly; dorsal appendage formation; pole plasm RNA localization; germarium-derived egg chamber formation. 94 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: multicellular structure; anatomical structure; organ system; abdominal segment; portion of tissue; acellular anatomical structure; oocyte nucleus; embryonic abdominal segment 1; extended germ band embryo; nuclear part; cytoplasmic part; abdominal segment 10; stage S9 oocyte; karyosome. It has 3 annotated transcripts and 3 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: DNA/RNA helicase, DEAD/DEAH box type, N-terminal; Helicase, C-terminal; Helicase, superfamily 1/2, ATP-binding domain; RNA helicase, ATP-dependent, DEAD-box, conserved site; RNA helicase, DEAD-box type, Q motif. Gene sequence location is 2L:15061656..15074383.

User Contributed Data
hide Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage
vas: vasa (T. Schupbach)
exhibit a so-called "grandchildless-knirps" phenotype: all eggs lack polar granules and no pole cells are formed; most of the embyros show large deletions of abdominal segments, whereby anterior parts of segment A1 become fused to posterior parts of segment A8. Telson elements are always present and relatively normal. Eggs have abnormal shape. Analysis of germline clones indicates that the mutation is germline autonomous (Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1986, Dev. Biol. 113: 443-448). Homozygous vasa males cannot be distinguished from wild-type males in viability and fertility.
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Description
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This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms).
What does this section not display?
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
hide Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
35C1-35C1  
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Su(H)k07904 and P{EP}vigEP812&P{PZ}stc05441  
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
35B10-35C1  
(determined by in situ hybridisation) 35C1--3 (determined by in situ hybridisation)  
35B-35B  
(determined by in situ hybridisation)  
35C-35C  
(determined by in situ hybridisation)  
35C-35C  
(determined by in situ hybridisation)  
35C-35C  
(determined by in situ hybridisation)  
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
cgt is genetically inseparable from vas.
hide Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\vas for information on other features GBrowse View Help
To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
detailed view FBtr0080722 FBtr0332475 FBtr0332472 FBtr0304855 FBtr0304854 FBtr0080721 FBtr0080719 FBtr0080720 FBtr0080718 FBtr0332180 FBtr0080702 FBtr0080703 FBtr0307486 FBpp0080281 FBpp0304751 FBpp0080277 FBpp0080280 FBpp0080279 FBpp0080278 FBpp0293394 FBpp0304748 FBpp0293395 FBpp0080263 FBpp0089099 FBpp0298821 FBpp0304489 FBti0124801 FBti0109303 FBti0028715 FBti0024164 FBti0109887 FBti0107315 FBti0012159 FBti0124802 FBti0010371 FBti0037897 FBti0143835 FBti0143536 FBti0008393 FBti0124803_1 FBti0124803_2 FBti0111772 FBti0029199 FBti0036129 FBti0010632 FBti0056933 FBti0038775 FBti0127631 FBti0024613 FBti0069951 FBti0056833 FBti0055414 FBti0030154 FBti0036055 FBti0124804_1 FBti0124804_2 FBti0075588
Comments on Gene Model
Gene merge based on EST/cDNA data.
Gene model reviewed during 5.45
hide Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Associated CDS (aa)
FBtr0304854
  2241
  661
FBtr0304855
  3337
  1031
FBtr0332472
  2311
  661
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
4, 3 (northern blot); 2.0 (unknown)
2.2 (compiled cDNA)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
hide Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank protein
vas-PA  
FBpp0293394  
72.3  
661  
5.34  
vas-PB  
FBpp0293395  
112.5  
1031  
5.66  
vas-PC  
FBpp0304748  
72.3  
661  
5.34  
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
660 (aa); 72 (kD)
648 (aa); 72 (kD)
Comments
vas protein may be an ATP-dependent nucleic acid helicase.
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
hide Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank
DNA sequence
Protein sequence
Name
 
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
hide Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details.
Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports.
Type
Symbol & Location
Additional Notes
References
regulatory region
regulatory region
regulatory region
hide External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
hide Expression Data
hideTranscript Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Comment:maternally deposited
Comment:rapidly degraded
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
vas expression is observed in male germ cells.
vas expression is observed in female germ cells.
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
hide Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Comment:Probed with antibody to Bombyx vas.
Comment:Probed with antibody to Bombyx vas.
Additional Descriptive Data
vas protein is cytoplasmic within pole cells. In some cell types in ovaries and testes, vas protein distribution is perinuclear.
vas protein is concentrated in the form of polar granules at the posterior pole in early embryos. A low level of staining is also seen throughout the embryo during cleavage stages. vas protein is also present in egg chambers. Protein expression in mutants of vas, stau, osk, tud, vls, and BicD were studied.
The vas protein is expressed in germ cells at the larva/pupa transition, 108 hrs AEL.
vas protein in both late-stage oocytes and in early embryos is localized to the posterior pole, and thus differs from the uniform distribution of vas transcript at the same stage. In addition to late-stage oocytes, the vas protein is found in germline stem cells and nurse cells of ovaries. In adult males, the vas protein is present in male germline stem cells during early spermatogenesis.
germline cell
vas protein is detected in larval and pupal ovaries in the oogonial cells and their precursors. It is abundant in the germaria of adult ovaries and is also abundant in the pronurse cell nuclei in early stages of oogenesis. vas protein is transported to the oocyte starting in stage 8 and is concentrated at the posterior pole, although it is detectable at lower levels throughout the oocyte. vas protein is also detected in males in the larval spermatogonial cells and in cyst cells of the adult testis. In early cleavage stage embryos, a shallow posterior-anterior gradient of vas protein is seen with the highest concentration at the posterior pole. Later the pole cells stain heavily and the pole cell and subsequent gonadal expression persists throughout embryogenesis. In ovaries lacking tud, vls, nos, and pum, vas protein localizes to the posterior pole of the oocyte normally but in ovaries lacking osk and stau, vas protein fails to distribute asymmetrically. BicC mutations affect vas protein distribution while BicD mutations do not. capu and spir abolish localization of vas protein to pole cells. vas protein is detected in ovaries of egl, mus301, qua, Bic-F, mr, Fs(2)Y12, and vss mutant females.
vas protein is located at the posterior pole of early embryos. This posterior localization is abolished in mutants of stau, vas, spir, capu, and osk. Posterior localization of vas protein is less striking in tud and vls mutants than in wild type embryos and indistinguishable from wild type in nos and pum mutants.
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
hide Expression Deduced from Reporters
hide High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
hide FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
hide modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq

modENCODE Tissue Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)


   Styles
   Scales

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
 
No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
 
Very low expression (1 - 3)
 
Low expression (4 - 10)
 
Moderate expression (11 - 25)
 
Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
 
High expression (51 - 100)
 
Very high expression (101 - 1000)
 
Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 5
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 0
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 0
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day female
 
 1
head, mated 4-day female
 
 0
head, mated 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day male
 
 0
head, mated 4-day male
 
 0
head, mated 20-day male
 
 0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 1
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 4
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 1
fat body, white prepupae
 
 1
fat body, pupae P8
 
 0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 2
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 4
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 42
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 43
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 5
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 0
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 0
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day female
 
 1
head, mated 4-day female
 
 0
head, mated 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day male
 
 0
head, mated 4-day male
 
 0
head, mated 20-day male
 
 0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 1
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 4
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 1
fat body, white prepupae
 
 1
fat body, pupae P8
 
 0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 2
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 4
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 (42)
ovary, mated 4-day female
 (43)
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
Linear, scaled to High expression
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 5
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 0
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 0
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day female
 
 1
head, mated 4-day female
 
 0
head, mated 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day male
 
 0
head, mated 4-day male
 
 0
head, mated 20-day male
 
 0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 1
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 4
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 1
fat body, white prepupae
 
 1
fat body, pupae P8
 
 0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 2
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 4
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 42
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 43
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 5
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 0
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 0
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day female
 
 1
head, mated 4-day female
 
 0
head, mated 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day male
 
 0
head, mated 4-day male
 
 0
head, mated 20-day male
 
 0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 1
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 4
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 1
fat body, white prepupae
 
 1
fat body, pupae P8
 
 0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 2
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 4
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 42
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 43
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Extremely high 
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 5
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 0
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 0
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day female
 
 1
head, mated 4-day female
 
 0
head, mated 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day male
 
 0
head, mated 4-day male
 
 0
head, mated 20-day male
 
 0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 1
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 4
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 1
fat body, white prepupae
 
 1
fat body, pupae P8
 
 0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 2
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 4
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 42
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 43
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 5
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 0
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 0
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day female
 
 1
head, mated 4-day female
 
 0
head, mated 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day male
 
 0
head, mated 4-day male
 
 0
head, mated 20-day male
 
 0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 1
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 4
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 1
fat body, white prepupae
 
 1
fat body, pupae P8
 
 0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 2
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 4
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 (42)
ovary, mated 4-day female
 (43)
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
log, scaled to High expression
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 5
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 0
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 0
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day female
 
 1
head, mated 4-day female
 
 0
head, mated 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day male
 
 0
head, mated 4-day male
 
 0
head, mated 20-day male
 
 0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 1
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 4
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 1
fat body, white prepupae
 
 1
fat body, pupae P8
 
 0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 2
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 4
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 42
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 43
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 5
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 0
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 0
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 0
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day female
 
 1
head, mated 4-day female
 
 0
head, mated 20-day female
 
 0
head, mated 1-day male
 
 0
head, mated 4-day male
 
 0
head, mated 20-day male
 
 0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 1
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 4
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 1
fat body, white prepupae
 
 1
fat body, pupae P8
 
 0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 0
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 2
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 4
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 42
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 43
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
 Extremely high 
Heatmap
Tissue   Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
 
 
central nervous system, larvae L3
 
 
central nervous system, pupae P8
 
 
head, virgin 1-day female
 
 
head, virgin 4-day female
 
 
head, virgin 20-day female
 
 
head, mated 1-day female
 
 
head, mated 4-day female
 
 
head, mated 20-day female
 
 
head, mated 1-day male
 
 
head, mated 4-day male
 
 
head, mated 20-day male
 
 
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
 
 
salivary gland, white prepupae
 
 
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
 
 
digestive system, 1-day adult
 
 
digestive system, 4-day adult
 
 
digestive system, 20-day adult
 
 
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
 
 
fat body, white prepupae
 
 
fat body, pupae P8
 
 
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
 
 
carcass, 1-day adult
 
 
carcass, 4-day adult
 
 
carcass, 20-day adult
 
 
ovary, virgin 4-day female
 
 
ovary, mated 4-day female
 
 
testis, mated 4-day male
 
 
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
 
 

hide modENCODE Development RNA-Seq

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)


   Styles
   Scales

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
 
No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
 
Very low expression (1 - 3)
 
Low expression (4 - 10)
 
Moderate expression (11 - 25)
 
Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
 
High expression (51 - 100)
 
Very high expression (101 - 1000)
 
Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 68
embryo 02-04hr
 
 4
embryo 04-06hr
 
 2
embryo 06-08hr
 
 2
embryo 08-10hr
 
 2
embryo 10-12hr
 
 2
embryo 12-14hr
 
 2
embryo 14-16hr
 
 2
embryo 16-18hr
 
 1
embryo 18-20hr
 
 1
embryo 20-22hr
 
 2
embryo 22-24hr
 
 2
larva L1
 
 1
larva L2
 
 1
larva L3 12hr old
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 1
white prepupae new
 
 1
white prepupae 12hr
 
 1
white prepupae 24hr
 
 1
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 1
adult male 05day
 
 2
adult male 30day
 
 1
adult female 01day
 
 22
adult female 05day
 
 65
adult female 30day
 
 59
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 (68)
embryo 02-04hr
 
 4
embryo 04-06hr
 
 2
embryo 06-08hr
 
 2
embryo 08-10hr
 
 2
embryo 10-12hr
 
 2
embryo 12-14hr
 
 2
embryo 14-16hr
 
 2
embryo 16-18hr
 
 1
embryo 18-20hr
 
 1
embryo 20-22hr
 
 2
embryo 22-24hr
 
 2
larva L1
 
 1
larva L2
 
 1
larva L3 12hr old
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 1
white prepupae new
 
 1
white prepupae 12hr
 
 1
white prepupae 24hr
 
 1
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 1
adult male 05day
 
 2
adult male 30day
 
 1
adult female 01day
 
 22
adult female 05day
 (65)
adult female 30day
 (59)
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
Linear, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 68
embryo 02-04hr
 
 4
embryo 04-06hr
 
 2
embryo 06-08hr
 
 2
embryo 08-10hr
 
 2
embryo 10-12hr
 
 2
embryo 12-14hr
 
 2
embryo 14-16hr
 
 2
embryo 16-18hr
 
 1
embryo 18-20hr
 
 1
embryo 20-22hr
 
 2
embryo 22-24hr
 
 2
larva L1
 
 1
larva L2
 
 1
larva L3 12hr old
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 1
white prepupae new
 
 1
white prepupae 12hr
 
 1
white prepupae 24hr
 
 1
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 1
adult male 05day
 
 2
adult male 30day
 
 1
adult female 01day
 
 22
adult female 05day
 
 65
adult female 30day
 
 59
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 68
embryo 02-04hr
 
 4
embryo 04-06hr
 
 2
embryo 06-08hr
 
 2
embryo 08-10hr
 
 2
embryo 10-12hr
 
 2
embryo 12-14hr
 
 2
embryo 14-16hr
 
 2
embryo 16-18hr
 
 1
embryo 18-20hr
 
 1
embryo 20-22hr
 
 2
embryo 22-24hr
 
 2
larva L1
 
 1
larva L2
 
 1
larva L3 12hr old
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 1
white prepupae new
 
 1
white prepupae 12hr
 
 1
white prepupae 24hr
 
 1
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 1
adult male 05day
 
 2
adult male 30day
 
 1
adult female 01day
 
 22
adult female 05day
 
 65
adult female 30day
 
 59
Expression Level Scale
 Extremely high 
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 68
embryo 02-04hr
 
 4
embryo 04-06hr
 
 2
embryo 06-08hr
 
 2
embryo 08-10hr
 
 2
embryo 10-12hr
 
 2
embryo 12-14hr
 
 2
embryo 14-16hr
 
 2
embryo 16-18hr
 
 1
embryo 18-20hr
 
 1
embryo 20-22hr
 
 2
embryo 22-24hr
 
 2
larva L1
 
 1
larva L2
 
 1
larva L3 12hr old
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 1
white prepupae new
 
 1
white prepupae 12hr
 
 1
white prepupae 24hr
 
 1
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 1
adult male 05day
 
 2
adult male 30day
 
 1
adult female 01day
 
 22
adult female 05day
 
 65
adult female 30day
 
 59
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 (68)
embryo 02-04hr
 
 4
embryo 04-06hr
 
 2
embryo 06-08hr
 
 2
embryo 08-10hr
 
 2
embryo 10-12hr
 
 2
embryo 12-14hr
 
 2
embryo 14-16hr
 
 2
embryo 16-18hr
 
 1
embryo 18-20hr
 
 1
embryo 20-22hr
 
 2
embryo 22-24hr
 
 2
larva L1
 
 1
larva L2
 
 1
larva L3 12hr old
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 1
white prepupae new
 
 1
white prepupae 12hr
 
 1
white prepupae 24hr
 
 1
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 1
adult male 05day
 
 2
adult male 30day
 
 1
adult female 01day
 
 22
adult female 05day
 (65)
adult female 30day
 (59)
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
log, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 68
embryo 02-04hr
 
 4
embryo 04-06hr
 
 2
embryo 06-08hr
 
 2
embryo 08-10hr
 
 2
embryo 10-12hr
 
 2
embryo 12-14hr
 
 2
embryo 14-16hr
 
 2
embryo 16-18hr
 
 1
embryo 18-20hr
 
 1
embryo 20-22hr
 
 2
embryo 22-24hr
 
 2
larva L1
 
 1
larva L2
 
 1
larva L3 12hr old
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 1
white prepupae new
 
 1
white prepupae 12hr
 
 1
white prepupae 24hr
 
 1
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 1
adult male 05day
 
 2
adult male 30day
 
 1
adult female 01day
 
 22
adult female 05day
 
 65
adult female 30day
 
 59
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 68
embryo 02-04hr
 
 4
embryo 04-06hr
 
 2
embryo 06-08hr
 
 2
embryo 08-10hr
 
 2
embryo 10-12hr
 
 2
embryo 12-14hr
 
 2
embryo 14-16hr
 
 2
embryo 16-18hr
 
 1
embryo 18-20hr
 
 1
embryo 20-22hr
 
 2
embryo 22-24hr
 
 2
larva L1
 
 1
larva L2
 
 1
larva L3 12hr old
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 1
white prepupae new
 
 1
white prepupae 12hr
 
 1
white prepupae 24hr
 
 1
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 1
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 2
adult male 01day
 
 1
adult male 05day
 
 2
adult male 30day
 
 1
adult female 01day
 
 22
adult female 05day
 
 65
adult female 30day
 
 59
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
 Extremely high 
Heatmap
Developmental Stage   Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
 
 
embryo 02-04hr
 
 
embryo 04-06hr
 
 
embryo 06-08hr
 
 
embryo 08-10hr
 
 
embryo 10-12hr
 
 
embryo 12-14hr
 
 
embryo 14-16hr
 
 
embryo 16-18hr
 
 
embryo 18-20hr
 
 
embryo 20-22hr
 
 
embryo 22-24hr
 
 
larva L1
 
 
larva L2
 
 
larva L3 12hr old
 
 
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
 
 
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
 
 
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
 
 
white prepupae new
 
 
white prepupae 12hr
 
 
white prepupae 24hr
 
 
pupae 2d postWPP
 
 
pupae 3d postWPP
 
 
pupae 4d postWPP
 
 
adult male 01day
 
 
adult male 05day
 
 
adult male 30day
 
 
adult female 01day
 
 
adult female 05day
 
 
adult female 30day
 
 

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
hide modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq

modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A)

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)


   Styles
   Scales

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
 
No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
 
Very low expression (1 - 3)
 
Low expression (4 - 10)
 
Moderate expression (11 - 25)
 
Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
 
High expression (51 - 100)
 
Very high expression (101 - 1000)
 
Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line   Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
 
 0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
 
 1
embryonic 1182-4H
 
 0
embryonic GM2
 
 0
embryonic Kc167
 
 0
embryonic S1
 
 0
embryonic S3
 
 0
leg disc CME L1
 
 1
wing disc CME-W2
 
 10
wing disc ML-DmD8
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD9
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD21
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD32
 
 0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
 
 0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
 
 0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
 
 0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
 
 0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
 
 1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
 
 0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
 
 0
ovary fGS/OSS
 
 5
ovary OSC
 
 0
ovary OSS
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line   Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
 
 0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
 
 1
embryonic 1182-4H
 
 0
embryonic GM2
 
 0
embryonic Kc167
 
 0
embryonic S1
 
 0
embryonic S3
 
 0
leg disc CME L1
 
 1
wing disc CME-W2
 
 10
wing disc ML-DmD8
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD9
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD21
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD32
 
 0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
 
 0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
 
 0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
 
 0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
 
 0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
 
 1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
 
 0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
 
 0
ovary fGS/OSS
 
 5
ovary OSC
 
 0
ovary OSS
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
Linear, scaled to High expression
Cell Line   Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
 
 0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
 
 1
embryonic 1182-4H
 
 0
embryonic GM2
 
 0
embryonic Kc167
 
 0
embryonic S1
 
 0
embryonic S3
 
 0
leg disc CME L1
 
 1
wing disc CME-W2
 
 10
wing disc ML-DmD8
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD9
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD21
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD32
 
 0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
 
 0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
 
 0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
 
 0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
 
 0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
 
 1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
 
 0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
 
 0
ovary fGS/OSS
 
 5
ovary OSC
 
 0
ovary OSS
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line   Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
 
 0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
 
 1
embryonic 1182-4H
 
 0
embryonic GM2
 
 0
embryonic Kc167
 
 0
embryonic S1
 
 0
embryonic S3
 
 0
leg disc CME L1
 
 1
wing disc CME-W2
 
 10
wing disc ML-DmD8
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD9
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD21
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD32
 
 0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
 
 0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
 
 0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
 
 0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
 
 0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
 
 1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
 
 0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
 
 0
ovary fGS/OSS
 
 5
ovary OSC
 
 0
ovary OSS
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Extremely high 
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line   Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
 
 0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
 
 1
embryonic 1182-4H
 
 0
embryonic GM2
 
 0
embryonic Kc167
 
 0
embryonic S1
 
 0
embryonic S3
 
 0
leg disc CME L1
 
 1
wing disc CME-W2
 
 10
wing disc ML-DmD8
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD9
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD21
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD32
 
 0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
 
 0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
 
 0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
 
 0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
 
 0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
 
 1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
 
 0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
 
 0
ovary fGS/OSS
 
 5
ovary OSC
 
 0
ovary OSS
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line   Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
 
 0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
 
 1
embryonic 1182-4H
 
 0
embryonic GM2
 
 0
embryonic Kc167
 
 0
embryonic S1
 
 0
embryonic S3
 
 0
leg disc CME L1
 
 1
wing disc CME-W2
 
 10
wing disc ML-DmD8
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD9
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD21
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD32
 
 0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
 
 0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
 
 0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
 
 0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
 
 0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
 
 1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
 
 0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
 
 0
ovary fGS/OSS
 
 5
ovary OSC
 
 0
ovary OSS
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
log, scaled to High expression
Cell Line   Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
 
 0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
 
 1
embryonic 1182-4H
 
 0
embryonic GM2
 
 0
embryonic Kc167
 
 0
embryonic S1
 
 0
embryonic S3
 
 0
leg disc CME L1
 
 1
wing disc CME-W2
 
 10
wing disc ML-DmD8
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD9
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD21
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD32
 
 0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
 
 0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
 
 0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
 
 0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
 
 0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
 
 1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
 
 0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
 
 0
ovary fGS/OSS
 
 5
ovary OSC
 
 0
ovary OSS
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line   Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
 
 0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
 
 1
embryonic 1182-4H
 
 0
embryonic GM2
 
 0
embryonic Kc167
 
 0
embryonic S1
 
 0
embryonic S3
 
 0
leg disc CME L1
 
 1
wing disc CME-W2
 
 10
wing disc ML-DmD8
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD9
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD21
 
 0
wing disc ML-DmD32
 
 0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
 
 0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
 
 0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
 
 0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
 
 0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
 
 1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
 
 0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
 
 0
ovary fGS/OSS
 
 5
ovary OSC
 
 0
ovary OSS
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
 Extremely high 
Heatmap
Cell Line   Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
 
 
Schneider line 2 Sg4
 
 
embryonic 1182-4H
 
 
embryonic GM2
 
 
embryonic Kc167
 
 
embryonic S1
 
 
embryonic S3
 
 
leg disc CME L1
 
 
wing disc CME-W2
 
 
wing disc ML-DmD8
 
 
wing disc ML-DmD9
 
 
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
 
 
wing disc ML-DmD21
 
 
wing disc ML-DmD32
 
 
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
 
 
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
 
 
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
 
 
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
 
 
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
 
 
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
 
 
tumorous blood cells mbn2
 
 
ovary fGS/OSS
 
 
ovary OSC
 
 
ovary OSS
 
 

hide modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq

modENCODE Treatment Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)


   Styles
   Scales

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
 
No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
 
Very low expression (1 - 3)
 
Low expression (4 - 10)
 
Moderate expression (11 - 25)
 
Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
 
High expression (51 - 100)
 
Very high expression (101 - 1000)
 
Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 13
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 7
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 32
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 33
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 13
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 7
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 (32)
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 (33)
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
Linear, scaled to High expression
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 13
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 7
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 32
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 33
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 13
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 7
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 32
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 33
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Extremely high 
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 13
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 7
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 32
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 33
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 13
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 7
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 32
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 (33)
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
log, scaled to High expression
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 13
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 7
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 32
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 33
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 13
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 7
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 32
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 33
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 0
Expression Level Scale
 Very low 
 Low 
 Moderate 
 Moderately high 
 High 
 Very high 
 Extremely high 
Heatmap
Treatment   Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
 
 
cold shock, 4-day adult
 
 
heat shock, 4-day adult
 
 
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
 
 
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
 
 

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hide Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
hide Classical Alleles ( 45 )
For All Classical Alleles Show

Allele of vasClassMutagenStocksKnown lesion
vas17 Yes
vasKG01651
2 --
vasRJ362 --
vasd040881 --
vasd097271 --
vasEY078161 Yes
vasMB11697
1 --
vasUM-8145-3
1 --
vasP808amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
vassolo-Z2-0198amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
vassolo-Z2-0338amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
vassolo-Z2-3534amorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
vas004240 --
vas150 Yes
vas20 --
vas3loss of function allele0 Yes
vas3F
0 Yes
vas40 Yes
vas4C
0 Yes
vas50 Yes
vas6356-0010 Yes
vas6356-0050 Yes
vas60 Yes
vas7loss of function allele0 Yes
vas88c25
0 --
vasAQB30 --
vasAS
0 Yes
vasBC690 --
vasC920 --
vasd084080 --
vasD50 Yes
vasEP8120 Yes
vasETo140 --
vasG890 --
vasHE10 Yes
vask072330 Yes
vasKD
0 --
vasLYG2hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
vasM130 --
vasNP4680
0 --
vasPH1650 Yes
vasPW720 Yes
vasQS170 Yes
vasRG530 Yes
vasunspecified0 --
hide Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 49 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Allele of vasClassMutagenStocksKnown lesion
vasGD15561 Yes
vasGD160981 Yes
vasGL010131 Yes
vasHM052391 Yes
vasHMS003731 Yes
vasHMS004311 Yes
vasKK1009291 Yes
vasC.solo.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-YFP.Venus
0 Yes
vasD554A.Scer\UAS.P\Tantimorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
vasdel.10.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.11.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.12.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.13.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.14.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.15.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.16.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.17.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.18.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.19.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.2.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.20.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.21.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.22.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.23.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.3.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.4.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.5.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.6.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.7.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdel.8.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP,T:Ivir\HA10 Yes
vasdel.9.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasdsRNA.shRNA.Scer\UAS.P\T0 Yes
vasN.solo.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-YFP.Venus
0 Yes
vasQ525A.Scer\UAS.P\Tantimorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
vasR551A.Scer\UAS.P\Tantimorphic allele - genetic evidence0 Yes
vasScer\UAS.P\T.cSa0 Yes
vassolo.T:Avic\GFP-YFP.Venus
0 Yes
vasT:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasT:Avic\GFP0 Yes
vasT:Disc\RFP-mCherry,T:Ivir\HA10 Yes
vasT:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasT:Ivir\HA1,T:Ecol\lacZ0 Yes
vasαTub67C.T:Avic\GFP0 Yes
vasΔ-96-65.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Ecol\lacZ0 Yes
vasΔ30.T:Avic\GFP0 Yes
vasΔ616-618.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasΔ616.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasΔ617.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
vasΔ618.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP0 Yes
hide Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in
Not disrupted in
Partially disrupted in
Duplicated in
hide Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
Type of construct
Name
Expression data
Insertions
Type of insertions
Name
Expression data
insertion of enhancer trap binary system
hide Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 31 unique terms )
hide Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 17 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term
References
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProtKB)
inferred from direct assay
inferred from physical interaction with Dcr-1
inferred from physical interaction with Fmr1
inferred from physical interaction with gus
inferred from physical interaction with piwi
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P55824
(assigned by UniProtKB)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9NJH7
(assigned by UniProtKB)
inferred from direct assay
Biological Process
CV term
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Cellular Component
CV term
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
hide Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 18 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term
References
Biological Process
CV term
References
traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
traceable author statement
traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
Cellular Component
CV term
References
traceable author statement
hide Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
hide Interactions & Pathways
hide Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group
Assay
References
pull down, western blot
pull down, western blot, two hybrid, autoradiography
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
hide Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
vas allele
Gene
References
hide External Data
Linkouts
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
hide Orthologs
hide OrthoDB Orthologs (3) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
Drosophila inclusive ortholog search
Dipteran inclusive ortholog search
No orthologs identified
Insect inclusive ortholog search
No orthologs identified
Arthropod inclusive ortholog search
No orthologs identified
Metazoa inclusive ortholog search
No orthologs identified
hideOrthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6NCMZ9)
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly 
 
 
Drosophila erecta
 
Y
 
Drosophila yakuba
 
 
 
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
hide Human Orthologs (0)
Gene
OMIM
HGNC
hideAAA Orthologs (3) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism
Gene
Drosophila simulans
Drosophila erecta
Drosophila erecta
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hide Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 23 )
Bloomington
Harvard
Kyoto
VDRC
hide Genomic Clones ( 2 )
Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
hide cDNA Clones ( 80 )
Please Note
This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
hide RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts
DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.
GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
hide Antibody Information
monoclonal
polyclonal antibody
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hide Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for identity of: CG33678 BG:DS00929.15
Source for identity of: vas CG3506
Source for database merge of
Source for merge of: vas CG33678
Additional comments
Annotations CG3506 and CG33678 merged as CG43081 in release 5.31 of the genome annotation.
hide Other Comments
The "solo" splice variant encoded by the vas locus is required for meiotic cohesion.
vas binds with 1:1 stoichiometry to gus.
New annotation (CG33678) in release 4.2 of the genome annotation.
vas may act in the process of dorsal ventral polarity formation in the oocyte.
Mutants exhibit a ventralized egg chamber, the same phenotype that is observed in grk and Egfr mutants.
vas is involved in oocyte differentiation and germline cyst development.
vas is required, directly or indirectly, for the regulation of grk mRNA localisation.
vas is required for the establishment of both anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral polarity of the oocyte.
The polarity defects of vas mutants appear to be caused by a reduction in the amount of grk protein at stages of oogenesis critical for the establishment of polarity.
An osk-vas complex seems to stimulates transcription of osk. The phosphorylation of short osk may act in the spatial restriction of osk translation to the posterior pole.
osk, stau, vas and tud are essential for pole plasm formation.
vas and tud are localised dependent of osk protein and are required to accumulate osk protein stably at the posterior pole.
Localization of vas protein to the nuage particles is independent of the pole plasm assembly pathway, but formation of the nuage depends upon vas function.
Molecular analysis of vas alleles suggests that recruitment of vas to the pole plasm must depend on protein-protein interactions, but, once localized, vas must bind to RNA to mediate germ cell formation.
Distribution of tud protein in mutant embryos has been studied.
The level of vas RNA in the ovary is controlled by the psq gene product.
Only vas and tud are essential for osk-induced pole cell and abdomen formation.
vas, vls and tud (but not stau, capu, or spir) are necessary for the 6xosk mutant phenotypes.
The vas gene is critical for normal and ectopic localization of the posterior signal.
BicD vas embryos suppress all abdominal development.
Mutations in vas do not interact with RpII140wimp.
Mutations at the vas locus cause defects in midoogenesis.
vas mutant embryos lack nos activity.
vas mutants exhibit deletion of the abdomen and pole plasm; amorphic mutants are sterile.
In vas mutants synthesis of vas protein is absent or severely restricted.
vas- females fail to complete oogenesis and lay no eggs.
vas plays a role in polar granule formation.
vas protein does not accumulate in embryos from females mutant for capu and spir.
Mutation in vas results in a maternal effect "grandchildless knirps-like" phenotype.
Mutations in vas cause failure of germ cell formation and deletions in the abdominal segments in the embryo.
hide External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
RefSeq (Transcripts)
RefSeq (Proteins)
Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes.
Other Crossreferences
InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
Linkouts
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.
FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans
GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project.
hide Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 22 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym
CG33678
 
fs(2)ltoRJ36
 
Name Synonym
female sterile(2)ltoRJ36
 
sisters on the loose
Vasa
(Zhang et al., 2011, Salomon and Jackson, 2008, Azzam et al., 2012, Parrott et al., 2011, Mukai et al., 2011, McDermott et al., 2012, Tsigkari et al., 2012, Singh et al., 2010, Okegbe and DiNardo, 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Inaba et al., 2010, Moore et al., 2009, Bader et al., 2011, Graham et al., 2011, Degennaro et al., 2011, Sato et al., 2007, Monk et al., 2012, Kugler et al., 2010, Leatherman and Dinardo, 2010, Deshpande et al., 2006, Terry et al., 2006, Siddall et al., 2006, Schupbach et al., 2006, O'Reilly et al., 2006, Klattenhoff et al., 2007, Sengoku et al., 2006, Poulton and Deng, 2006, Seydoux and Braun, 2006, Lin et al., 2006, Kugler and Lasko, 2007, Yamashita et al., 2007, Yamashita et al., 2007, Strome and Lehmann, 2007, Gilboa and Lehmann, 2006, Niki et al., 2006, Niki, 2006, Irion et al., 2006, Renault et al., 2004, Burnett and Howard, 2003, Clough et al., 2007, Maines et al., 2007, Renault et al., 2004, Song et al., 2007, Deshpande et al., 2007, Casper and Van Doren, 2006, Kadyrova et al., 2007, Yamada et al., 2008, Yamashita et al., 2005, Sano et al., 2005, Song et al., 2007, Sun et al., 2008, Neumuller et al., 2008, Wawersik et al., 2005, Yogev et al., 2008, Vanzo et al., 2007, Kitadate et al., 2007, Chicoine et al., 2007, Jiang et al., 2008, Orsborn et al., 2007, Bogard et al., 2007, Kunwar et al., 2008, Yang et al., 2007, Meignin and Davis, 2008, Chen et al., 2007, Tanentzapf et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2007, Suyama et al., 2009, Cheng et al., 2008, Ricardo and Lehmann, 2009, Clark et al., 2007, Bhat and Schedl, 1997, Yang et al., 2009, Aruna et al., 2009, Nanda et al., 2009, Gavis et al., 2008, Szakmary et al., 2009, Singh et al., 2006, Nie et al., 2009, Li et al., 2009, Bosveld et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2009, Liu et al., 2009, Gouw et al., 2009, Li et al., 2009, Sheng et al., 2009, Sheng et al., 2009, Guo and Wang, 2009, Klattenhoff et al., 2009, Hayashi et al., 2009, Riparbelli et al., 2009, Kalamegham et al., 2007, Bolivar et al., 2006, Riparbelli et al., 2005, Issigonis et al., 2009, Zhao et al., 2008, Adolph et al., 2009, Hashiyama et al., 2009, Jin et al., 2008, Leatherman and DiNardo, 2008, Patil and Kai, 2010, Wu et al., 2010, Liu et al., 2010, Parma et al., 2007, Grillo et al., 2011, Cheng et al., 2011, Gerbasi et al., 2011, Tastan et al., 2010, Kearse et al., 2011, Toledano et al., 2012, Eliazer et al., 2011, König et al., 2011, Kugler et al., 2010, Sinsimer et al., 2011, McElwain et al., 2011, Monk et al., 2010, Zamparini et al., 2011, Leibfried et al., 2013, Eun et al., 2013, Hartman et al., 2010, Pek et al., 2012, Hohl et al., 2012, Neumüller et al., 2012, Yuan et al., 2012, Klenov et al., 2011, Ile et al., 2012, Sanghavi et al., 2012, Ji and Tulin, 2012, Tiwari and Roy, 2008, Insco et al., 2012, Fukunaga et al., 2012)
vasa
(Shpiz et al., 2011, Pek and Kai, 2011, Vu and Nuzhdin, 2011, Kirilly et al., 2011, Jaglarz et al., 2011, Castillo et al., 2011, Chan et al., 2011, Morris et al., 2008, Cash and Andrews, 2012, Yan et al., 2010, Ashburner, 1988.10.20, Oliver and Pauli, 1998, Asaoka et al., 1998, Heller and Steinmann-Zwicky, 1998, Ohlstein and McKearin, 1997, Newmark et al., 1997, Seydoux and Dunn, 1997, Boyle et al., 1997, Staab and Steinmann-Zwicky, 1996, Docquier et al., 1996, St. Johnston, 1993, Schulz et al., 1993, Beckemeyer and Shirk, 1992, Montell et al., 1991, de Valoir et al., 1991, Ashburner, 1991, Dorer et al., 1990, Raff et al., 1990, Struhl, 1989, Tautz, 1988, Driever and Nusslein-Volhard, 1988, Frydman et al., 2006, Goldman et al., 2007, Linder and Lasko, 2006, Shigenobu et al., 2006, McHugh et al., 2004, Shigenobu et al., 2006, Shpiz et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2006, Nakamura et al., 2007, Snee and Macdonald, 2004, Kalmykova et al., 2008, Georlette et al., 2007, Tadros et al., 2007, Ochoa-Espinosa et al., 2009, Malone et al., 2009, Shpiz et al., 2009, Shen et al., 2009, Nishida et al., 2007, Casper and Van Doren, 2009, Lee et al., 2008, Robine et al., 2009, Harbison et al., 2005, de Las Heras et al., 2009, Kirino et al., 2010, Blanco and Gehring, 2008, Leatherman and DiNardo, 2008, Patil and Kai, 2010, Gonsalvez et al., 2010, Anne, 2010, Wallenfang et al., 2006, Wang and Riechmann, 2007, Olivieri et al., 2010, Bakhrat et al., 2010, Pek and Kai, 2011, Di Stefano et al., 2007, Janic et al., 2010, Yadlapalli et al., 2011, Sui and Yang, 2011, Yu et al., 2010, Musters et al., 2006, Degennaro et al., 2011, Liu et al., 2011)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
  • FBgn0003970
  • FBgn0004805
  • FBgn0028928
  • FBgn0053678
hide References ( 688 )
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hide Recent research papers ( 70 )
Eun et al., 2013, Development 140(1): 23--30
MicroRNAs downregulate Bag of marbles to ensure proper terminal differentiation in the Drosophila male germline. [FBrf0220183]
Kibanov et al., 2013, Anal. Biochem. 436(1): 55--64
Multicolor fluorescence imaging of whole-mount Drosophila testes for studying spermatogenesis. [FBrf0221049]
Leibfried et al., 2013, Development 140(2): 362--371
A Cdc42-regulated actin cytoskeleton mediates Drosophila oocyte polarization. [FBrf0220348]
Anand and Kai, 2012, EMBO J. 31(4): 870--882
The tudor domain protein Kumo is required to assemble the nuage and to generate germline piRNAs in Drosophila. [FBrf0217541]
Azzam et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 365(2): 384--394
Drosophila Argonaute 1 and its miRNA biogenesis partners are required for oocyte formation and germline cell division. [FBrf0218153]
Cash and Andrews, 2012, BMC Dev. Biol. 12: 4
Fine scale analysis of gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster gonads reveals Programmed cell death 4 promotes the differentiation of female germline stem cells. [FBrf0217547]
Chen et al., 2012, Cell 149(3): 618--629
A system of repressor gradients spatially organizes the boundaries of Bicoid-dependent target genes. [FBrf0218713]
Cheng et al., 2012, Genes & Genet. Systems 87(4): 273--276
Reduction of germ cells in the Odysseus null mutant causes male fertility defect in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0220117]
Ferguson et al., 2012, J. Cell Sci. 125(6): 1407--1419
Modulation of gurken translation by insulin and TOR signaling in Drosophila. [FBrf0218097]
Fukunaga et al., 2012, Cell 151(3): 533--546
Dicer Partner Proteins Tune the Length of Mature miRNAs in Flies and Mammals. [FBrf0219804]
Hohl et al., 2012, Genetics 192(3): 843--856
Restoration of topoisomerase 2 function by complementation of defective monomers in Drosophila. [FBrf0220101]
Ile et al., 2012, Development 139(14): 2535--2546
Wunen, a Drosophila lipid phosphate phosphatase, is required for septate junction-mediated barrier function. [FBrf0218686]
Insco et al., 2012, Cell Stem Cell 11(5): 689--700
A self-limiting switch based on translational control regulates the transition from proliferation to differentiation in an adult stem cell lineage. [FBrf0219873]
Jemc et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 367(2): 114--125
raw Functions through JNK signaling and cadherin-based adhesion to regulate Drosophila gonad morphogenesis. [FBrf0218557]
Ji and Tulin, 2012, Nat. Commun. 3: 760
Poly(ADP-ribose) controls DE-cadherin-dependent stem cell maintenance and oocyte localization. [FBrf0217856]
Lee and Langley, 2012, Genetics 192(4): 1411--1432
Long-term and short-term evolutionary impacts of transposable elements on Drosophila. [FBrf0220133]
McDermott et al., 2012, Biol. Open 1(5): 488--497
Drosophila Syncrip binds the gurken mRNA localisation signal and regulates localised transcripts during axis specification. [FBrf0218722]
Monk et al., 2012, Cell Tissue Res. 350(2): 385--394
Dmp53 is sequestered to nuclear bodies in spermatogonia of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0219825]
Neumüller et al., 2012, Genetics 190(3): 931--940
Stringent analysis of gene function and protein-protein interactions using fluorescently tagged genes. [FBrf0217811]
Olivieri et al., 2012, Mol. Cell 47(6): 954--969
The Cochaperone Shutdown Defines a Group of Biogenesis Factors Essential for All piRNA Populations in Drosophila. [FBrf0219572]
Pek et al., 2012, Development 139(24): 4505--4513
Polo-mediated phosphorylation of Maelstrom regulates oocyte determination during oogenesis in Drosophila. [FBrf0220058]
Renault, 2012, Biol. Open 1(10): 1043--1048
vasa is expressed in somatic cells of the embryonic gonad in a sex-specific manner in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0220138]
Sanghavi et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 367(1): 66--77
A functional link between localized Oskar, dynamic microtubules, and endocytosis. [FBrf0218511]
Sano et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(12): e52649
The Drosophila Actin Regulator ENABLED Regulates Cell Shape and Orientation during Gonad Morphogenesis. [FBrf0220491]
Siddiqui et al., 2012, Genome Biol. 13(2): R11
Genome-wide analysis of the maternal-to-zygotic transition in Drosophila primordial germ cells. [FBrf0218847]
Toledano et al., 2012, Nat. Protoc. 7(10): 1808--1817
Dual fluorescence detection of protein and RNA in Drosophila tissues. [FBrf0219461]
Tsigkari et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(5): e36702
14-3-3ε is required for germ cell migration in Drosophila. [FBrf0218503]
Xia et al., 2012, Curr. Biol. 22(6): 515--521
The Niche-Dependent Feedback Loop Generates a BMP Activity Gradient to Determine the Germline Stem Cell Fate. [FBrf0217877]
Yang et al., 2012, Dev. Cell 22(5): 1041--1051
Phf7 controls male sex determination in the Drosophila germline. [FBrf0218344]
Yuan et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 361(1): 57--67
Regulation of cyclin A localization downstream of Par-1 function is critical for the centrosome orientation checkpoint in Drosophila male germline stem cells. [FBrf0216861]
Bader et al., 2011, Cell 145(3): 371--382
A conserved f box regulatory complex controls proteasome activity in Drosophila. [FBrf0213568]
Casper et al., 2011, Development 138(16): 3357--3366
no child left behind encodes a novel chromatin factor required for germline stem cell maintenance in males but not females. [FBrf0214565]
Castillo et al., 2011, BMC Evol. Biol. 11: 258
Molecular evolution under increasing transposable element burden in Drosophila: A speed limit on the evolutionary arms race. [FBrf0216257]
Chan et al., 2011, Genetics 188(1): 33--44
Insect Population Control by Homing Endonuclease-Based Gene Drive: An Evaluation in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213627]
Cheng et al., 2011, Development 138(5): 831--837
Asymmetric division of cyst stem cells in Drosophila testis is ensured by anaphase spindle repositioning. [FBrf0213009]
Degennaro et al., 2011, Dev. Cell 20(2): 233--243
Peroxiredoxin Stabilization of DE-Cadherin Promotes Primordial Germ Cell Adhesion. [FBrf0212971]
Eliazer et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(17): 7064--7069
Loss of lysine-specific demethylase 1 nonautonomously causes stem cell tumors in the Drosophila ovary. [FBrf0213593]
Gerbasi et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(8): 3204--3209
Blanks, a nuclear siRNA/dsRNA-binding complex component, is required for Drosophila spermiogenesis. [FBrf0213185]
Graham et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(7): e1002185
The Translation Initiation Factor eIF4E Regulates the Sex-Specific Expression of the Master Switch Gene Sxl in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214597]
Grillo et al., 2011, Genetics 187(2): 513--521
Control of Germline torso Expression by the BTB/POZ Domain Protein Pipsqueak Is Required for Embryonic Terminal Patterning in Drosophila. [FBrf0213010]
Hongay and Orr-Weaver, 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(36): 14855--14860
Drosophila Inducer of MEiosis 4 (IME4) is required for Notch signaling during oogenesis. [FBrf0215277]
Jaglarz et al., 2011, Cell Tissue Res. 344(1): 169--181
Nuage morphogenesis becomes more complex: two translocation pathways and two forms of nuage coexist in Drosophila germline syncytia. [FBrf0213313]
Kearse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(7): 2701--2716
Expression of ribosomal protein L22e family members in Drosophila melanogaster: rpL22-like is differentially expressed and alternatively spliced. [FBrf0213492]
Khurana et al., 2011, Cell 147(7): 1551--1563
Adaptation to P Element Transposon Invasion in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217035]
Kibanov et al., 2011, Mol. Biol. Cell 22(18): 3410--3419
A novel organelle, the piNG-body, in the nuage of Drosophila male germ cells is associated with piRNA-mediated gene silencing. [FBrf0215572]
Kirilly et al., 2011, Development 138(23): 5087--5097
Self-maintained escort cells form a germline stem cell differentiation niche. [FBrf0216598]
Klenov et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(46): 18760--18765
Separation of stem cell maintenance and transposon silencing functions of Piwi protein. [FBrf0216776]
König et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(8): 1549--1562
Ecdysteroids affect Drosophila ovarian stem cell niche formation and early germline differentiation. [FBrf0213531]
Lerit and Gavis, 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(6): 439--448
Transport of germ plasm on astral microtubules directs germ cell development in Drosophila. [FBrf0213255]
Liu et al., 2011, Development 138(9): 1863--1873
PAPI, a novel TUDOR-domain protein, complexes with AGO3, ME31B and TRAL in the nuage to silence transposition. [FBrf0213491]
McElwain et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(11): e26993
A suppressor/enhancer screen in Drosophila reveals a role for wnt-mediated lipid metabolism in primordial germ cell migration. [FBrf0216663]
Mukai et al., 2011, Mech. Dev. 128(7-10): 510--523
Innexin2 gap junctions in somatic support cells are required for cyst formation and for egg chamber formation in Drosophila. [FBrf0216750]
Okegbe and DiNardo, 2011, Development 138(7): 1259--1267
The endoderm specifies the mesodermal niche for the germline in Drosophila via Delta-Notch signaling. [FBrf0213233]
Pane et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(22): 4601--4615
The Cutoff protein regulates piRNA cluster expression and piRNA production in the Drosophila germline. [FBrf0217070]
Parrott et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(9): e25087
Nucleoporin98-96 Function Is Required for Transit Amplification Divisions in the Germ Line of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0216255]
Pek and Kai, 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(29): 12007--12012
DEAD-box RNA helicase Belle/DDX3 and the RNA interference pathway promote mitotic chromosome segregation. [FBrf0214405]
Pek and Kai, 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(1): 39--44
A role for vasa in regulating mitotic chromosome condensation in Drosophila. [FBrf0212718]
Richter et al., 2011, Nat. Cell Biol. 13(9): 1029--1039
The tumour suppressor L(3)mbt inhibits neuroepithelial proliferation and acts on insulator elements. [FBrf0215050]
Riparbelli and Callaini, 2011, Dev. Biol. 349(2): 427--439
Male gametogenesis without centrioles. [FBrf0212739]
Shpiz et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(20): 8703--8711
Mechanism of the piRNA-mediated silencing of Drosophila telomeric retrotransposons. [FBrf0216525]
Sinsimer et al., 2011, Development 138(16): 3431--3440
A late phase of germ plasm accumulation during Drosophila oogenesis requires Lost and Rumpelstiltskin. [FBrf0214542]
Sui and Yang, 2011, J. Genet. Genomics 38(2): 55--61
Distinct effects of nuclear membrane localization on gene transcription silencing in Drosophila S2 cells and germ cells. [FBrf0213132]
Tanaka et al., 2011, Development 138(12): 2523--2532
Drosophila Mon2 couples Oskar-induced endocytosis with actin remodeling for cortical anchorage of the germ plasm. [FBrf0213769]
Tsai et al., 2011, Chromosoma 120(4): 335--351
Homolog pairing and sister chromatid cohesion in heterochromatin in Drosophila male meiosis I. [FBrf0214501]
Vu and Nuzhdin, 2011, Heredity 106(2): 207--217
Genetic variation of copia suppression in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212846]
Wang et al., 2011, Cell Res. 21(4): 700--703
Effective gene silencing in Drosophila ovarian germline by artificial microRNAs. [FBrf0213407]
Yadlapalli et al., 2011, J. Cell Sci. 124(6): 933--939
Drosophila male germline stem cells do not asymmetrically segregate chromosome strands. [FBrf0213200]
Zamparini et al., 2011, Development 138(18): 4039--4050
Vreteno, a gonad-specific protein, is essential for germline development and primary piRNA biogenesis in Drosophila. [FBrf0214783]
Zhang et al., 2011, Mol. Cell 44(4): 572--584
Heterotypic piRNA Ping-Pong Requires Qin, a Protein with Both E3 Ligase and Tudor Domains. [FBrf0216809]
Zhou et al., 2011, Development 138(6): 1111--1120
Auxilin is required for formation of Golgi-derived clathrin-coated vesicles during Drosophila spermatogenesis. [FBrf0213068]
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