General Information Symbol Dmel\ vasSpecies D. melanogaster Name vasa Annotation symbol CG43081 Feature type protein_coding_gene FlyBase ID FBgn0262526 Gene Model Status Current Stock availability 23 publicly
available Also Known As Vasa, CG3506, BG:DS00929.15, solo, BG:DS00929.14, cgt Genomic Location Chromosome (arm) 2L Recombination map Cytogenetic map 35C1-35C1 Sequence location 2L:15,061,656..15,074,383 [+]
Genomic Maps
Summary Information Automatically generated summary
See sections below for more information The gene
vasa is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol
Dmel\vas (CG43081, FBgn0262526). It is a protein_coding_gene from
Drosophila melanogaster . There is experimental evidence that it has the
molecular function : protein binding; mRNA 3'-UTR binding; RNA binding; ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the
biological process : mitotic chromosome condensation; meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric; positive regulation of translation; oogenesis; pole plasm assembly; dorsal appendage formation; pole plasm RNA localization; germarium-derived egg chamber formation.
94 alleles are reported . The
phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: multicellular structure; anatomical structure; organ system; abdominal segment; portion of tissue; acellular anatomical structure; oocyte nucleus; embryonic abdominal segment 1; extended germ band embryo; nuclear part; cytoplasmic part; abdominal segment 10; stage S9 oocyte; karyosome. It has
3 annotated transcripts and
3 annotated polypeptides .
Protein features are: DNA/RNA helicase, DEAD/DEAH box type, N-terminal; Helicase, C-terminal; Helicase, superfamily 1/2, ATP-binding domain; RNA helicase, ATP-dependent, DEAD-box, conserved site; RNA helicase, DEAD-box type, Q motif. Gene sequence location is
2L:15061656..15074383 .
User Contributed Data
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley
& Zimm 1992) Gene/Allele symbols may differ
from current usage vas: vasa (T. Schupbach)
exhibit a so-called "grandchildless-knirps" phenotype:
all eggs lack polar granules and no pole cells are formed;
most of the embyros show large deletions of abdominal segments, whereby anterior parts of segment A1 become fused to
posterior parts of segment A8. Telson elements are always
present and relatively normal. Eggs have abnormal shape.
Analysis of germline clones indicates that the mutation is
germline autonomous (Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1986, Dev. Biol.
113: 443-448). Homozygous vasa males cannot be distinguished
from wild-type males in viability and fertility.
Recent Updates
Description
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Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
35B10-35C1
(determined by in situ hybridisation) 35C1--3 (determined by in situ hybridisation)
35B-35B
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
35C-35C
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
35C-35C
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
35C-35C
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location Left of (cM) Right of (cM) Notes cgt is genetically inseparable from
vas .
Gene Model & Products Comments on Gene
Model Gene merge based on EST/cDNA data.
Gene model reviewed during 5.45
Transcript Data Annotated Transcripts Additional Transcript Data
& Comments Reported size (kB) 4, 3 (northern blot); 2.0 (unknown)
Comments External Data Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data Annotated
Polypeptides Additional Polypeptide
Data & Comments Reported size (kDa) Comments vas protein may be an ATP-dependent nucleic acid helicase.
External Data Linkouts Crossreferences
domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot UniProtKB/TrEMBL Mapped Features Mapped Features have been reorganized, please
see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can
be found on GBrowse or related reports. regulatory region
evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo)
regulatory region
evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo)
regulatory region
evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo)
External Data Linkouts Crossreferences Expression Data Transcript ExpressionComment: maternally deposited
Additional Descriptive Data
vas expression is observed in male germ cells.
vas expression is observed in female germ cells.
Marker for Subcellular Localization CV Term Polypeptide Expression Comment: Probed with antibody to Bombyx vas.
Comment: Probed with antibody to Bombyx vas.
Additional Descriptive Data
vas protein is cytoplasmic within pole cells. In some cell types in ovaries and testes,
vas protein distribution is perinuclear.
vas protein is concentrated in the form of polar granules at the posterior pole in early embryos. A low level of staining is also seen throughout the embryo during cleavage stages.
vas protein is also present in egg chambers. Protein expression in mutants of
vas ,
stau ,
osk ,
tud ,
vls , and
BicD were studied.
The
vas protein is expressed in germ cells at the larva/pupa transition, 108 hrs AEL.
vas protein in both late-stage oocytes and in early embryos is localized to the posterior pole, and thus differs from the uniform distribution of
vas transcript at the same stage. In addition to late-stage oocytes, the
vas protein is found in germline stem cells and nurse cells of ovaries. In adult males, the
vas protein is present in male germline stem cells during early spermatogenesis.
vas protein is detected in larval and pupal ovaries in the oogonial cells and their precursors. It is abundant in the germaria of adult ovaries and is also abundant in the pronurse cell nuclei in early stages of oogenesis.
vas protein is transported to the oocyte starting in stage 8 and is concentrated at the posterior pole, although it is detectable at lower levels throughout the oocyte.
vas protein is also detected in males in the larval spermatogonial cells and in cyst cells of the adult testis. In early cleavage stage embryos, a shallow posterior-anterior gradient of
vas protein is seen with the highest concentration at the posterior pole. Later the pole cells stain heavily and the pole cell and subsequent gonadal expression persists throughout embryogenesis. In ovaries lacking
tud ,
vls ,
nos , and
pum ,
vas protein localizes to the posterior pole of the oocyte normally but in ovaries lacking
osk and
stau ,
vas protein fails to distribute asymmetrically.
BicC mutations affect
vas protein distribution while
BicD mutations do not.
capu and
spir abolish localization of
vas protein to pole cells.
vas protein is detected in ovaries of
egl ,
mus301 ,
qua ,
Bic-F ,
mr ,
Fs(2)Y12 , and
vss mutant females.
vas protein is located at the posterior pole of early embryos. This posterior localization is abolished in mutants of
stau ,
vas ,
spir ,
capu , and
osk . Posterior localization of
vas protein is less striking in
tud and
vls mutants than in wild type embryos and indistinguishable from wild type in
nos and
pum mutants.
Marker for Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component) inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
5
central nervous system, larvae L3
0
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
0
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
1
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
0
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
4
carcass, 20-day adult
2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
42
ovary, mated 4-day female
43
testis, mated 4-day male
4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
5
central nervous system, larvae L3
0
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
0
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
1
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
0
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
4
carcass, 20-day adult
2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
(42)
ovary, mated 4-day female
(43)
testis, mated 4-day male
4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
5
central nervous system, larvae L3
0
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
0
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
1
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
0
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
4
carcass, 20-day adult
2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
42
ovary, mated 4-day female
43
testis, mated 4-day male
4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
5
central nervous system, larvae L3
0
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
0
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
1
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
0
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
4
carcass, 20-day adult
2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
42
ovary, mated 4-day female
43
testis, mated 4-day male
4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
0
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
5
central nervous system, larvae L3
0
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
0
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
1
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
0
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
4
carcass, 20-day adult
2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
42
ovary, mated 4-day female
43
testis, mated 4-day male
4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
5
central nervous system, larvae L3
0
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
0
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
1
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
0
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
4
carcass, 20-day adult
2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
(42)
ovary, mated 4-day female
(43)
testis, mated 4-day male
4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
5
central nervous system, larvae L3
0
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
0
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
1
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
0
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
4
carcass, 20-day adult
2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
42
ovary, mated 4-day female
43
testis, mated 4-day male
4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
5
central nervous system, larvae L3
0
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
0
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
0
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
0
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
1
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
0
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
4
carcass, 20-day adult
2
ovary, virgin 4-day female
42
ovary, mated 4-day female
43
testis, mated 4-day male
4
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
central nervous system, larvae L3
central nervous system, pupae P8
head, virgin 1-day female
head, virgin 4-day female
head, virgin 20-day female
head, mated 1-day female
head, mated 4-day female
head, mated 20-day female
head, mated 1-day male
head, mated 4-day male
head, mated 20-day male
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
salivary gland, white prepupae
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
digestive system, 1-day adult
digestive system, 4-day adult
digestive system, 20-day adult
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
fat body, white prepupae
fat body, pupae P8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
carcass, 1-day adult
carcass, 4-day adult
carcass, 20-day adult
ovary, virgin 4-day female
ovary, mated 4-day female
testis, mated 4-day male
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
68
embryo 02-04hr
4
embryo 04-06hr
2
embryo 06-08hr
2
embryo 08-10hr
2
embryo 10-12hr
2
embryo 12-14hr
2
embryo 14-16hr
2
embryo 16-18hr
1
embryo 18-20hr
1
embryo 20-22hr
2
embryo 22-24hr
2
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
1
white prepupae new
1
white prepupae 12hr
1
white prepupae 24hr
1
pupae 2d postWPP
1
pupae 3d postWPP
1
pupae 4d postWPP
2
adult male 01day
1
adult male 05day
2
adult male 30day
1
adult female 01day
22
adult female 05day
65
adult female 30day
59
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
(68)
embryo 02-04hr
4
embryo 04-06hr
2
embryo 06-08hr
2
embryo 08-10hr
2
embryo 10-12hr
2
embryo 12-14hr
2
embryo 14-16hr
2
embryo 16-18hr
1
embryo 18-20hr
1
embryo 20-22hr
2
embryo 22-24hr
2
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
1
white prepupae new
1
white prepupae 12hr
1
white prepupae 24hr
1
pupae 2d postWPP
1
pupae 3d postWPP
1
pupae 4d postWPP
2
adult male 01day
1
adult male 05day
2
adult male 30day
1
adult female 01day
22
adult female 05day
(65)
adult female 30day
(59)
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
68
embryo 02-04hr
4
embryo 04-06hr
2
embryo 06-08hr
2
embryo 08-10hr
2
embryo 10-12hr
2
embryo 12-14hr
2
embryo 14-16hr
2
embryo 16-18hr
1
embryo 18-20hr
1
embryo 20-22hr
2
embryo 22-24hr
2
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
1
white prepupae new
1
white prepupae 12hr
1
white prepupae 24hr
1
pupae 2d postWPP
1
pupae 3d postWPP
1
pupae 4d postWPP
2
adult male 01day
1
adult male 05day
2
adult male 30day
1
adult female 01day
22
adult female 05day
65
adult female 30day
59
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
68
embryo 02-04hr
4
embryo 04-06hr
2
embryo 06-08hr
2
embryo 08-10hr
2
embryo 10-12hr
2
embryo 12-14hr
2
embryo 14-16hr
2
embryo 16-18hr
1
embryo 18-20hr
1
embryo 20-22hr
2
embryo 22-24hr
2
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
1
white prepupae new
1
white prepupae 12hr
1
white prepupae 24hr
1
pupae 2d postWPP
1
pupae 3d postWPP
1
pupae 4d postWPP
2
adult male 01day
1
adult male 05day
2
adult male 30day
1
adult female 01day
22
adult female 05day
65
adult female 30day
59
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
68
embryo 02-04hr
4
embryo 04-06hr
2
embryo 06-08hr
2
embryo 08-10hr
2
embryo 10-12hr
2
embryo 12-14hr
2
embryo 14-16hr
2
embryo 16-18hr
1
embryo 18-20hr
1
embryo 20-22hr
2
embryo 22-24hr
2
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
1
white prepupae new
1
white prepupae 12hr
1
white prepupae 24hr
1
pupae 2d postWPP
1
pupae 3d postWPP
1
pupae 4d postWPP
2
adult male 01day
1
adult male 05day
2
adult male 30day
1
adult female 01day
22
adult female 05day
65
adult female 30day
59
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
(68)
embryo 02-04hr
4
embryo 04-06hr
2
embryo 06-08hr
2
embryo 08-10hr
2
embryo 10-12hr
2
embryo 12-14hr
2
embryo 14-16hr
2
embryo 16-18hr
1
embryo 18-20hr
1
embryo 20-22hr
2
embryo 22-24hr
2
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
1
white prepupae new
1
white prepupae 12hr
1
white prepupae 24hr
1
pupae 2d postWPP
1
pupae 3d postWPP
1
pupae 4d postWPP
2
adult male 01day
1
adult male 05day
2
adult male 30day
1
adult female 01day
22
adult female 05day
(65)
adult female 30day
(59)
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
68
embryo 02-04hr
4
embryo 04-06hr
2
embryo 06-08hr
2
embryo 08-10hr
2
embryo 10-12hr
2
embryo 12-14hr
2
embryo 14-16hr
2
embryo 16-18hr
1
embryo 18-20hr
1
embryo 20-22hr
2
embryo 22-24hr
2
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
1
white prepupae new
1
white prepupae 12hr
1
white prepupae 24hr
1
pupae 2d postWPP
1
pupae 3d postWPP
1
pupae 4d postWPP
2
adult male 01day
1
adult male 05day
2
adult male 30day
1
adult female 01day
22
adult female 05day
65
adult female 30day
59
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
68
embryo 02-04hr
4
embryo 04-06hr
2
embryo 06-08hr
2
embryo 08-10hr
2
embryo 10-12hr
2
embryo 12-14hr
2
embryo 14-16hr
2
embryo 16-18hr
1
embryo 18-20hr
1
embryo 20-22hr
2
embryo 22-24hr
2
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
0
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
1
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
1
white prepupae new
1
white prepupae 12hr
1
white prepupae 24hr
1
pupae 2d postWPP
1
pupae 3d postWPP
1
pupae 4d postWPP
2
adult male 01day
1
adult male 05day
2
adult male 30day
1
adult female 01day
22
adult female 05day
65
adult female 30day
59
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
embryo 02-04hr
embryo 04-06hr
embryo 06-08hr
embryo 08-10hr
embryo 10-12hr
embryo 12-14hr
embryo 14-16hr
embryo 16-18hr
embryo 18-20hr
embryo 20-22hr
embryo 22-24hr
larva L1
larva L2
larva L3 12hr old
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
white prepupae new
white prepupae 12hr
white prepupae 24hr
pupae 2d postWPP
pupae 3d postWPP
pupae 4d postWPP
adult male 01day
adult male 05day
adult male 30day
adult female 01day
adult female 05day
adult female 30day
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
1
embryonic 1182-4H
0
embryonic GM2
0
embryonic Kc167
0
embryonic S1
0
embryonic S3
0
leg disc CME L1
1
wing disc CME-W2
10
wing disc ML-DmD8
0
wing disc ML-DmD9
0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
0
wing disc ML-DmD21
0
wing disc ML-DmD32
0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
0
ovary fGS/OSS
5
ovary OSC
0
ovary OSS
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
1
embryonic 1182-4H
0
embryonic GM2
0
embryonic Kc167
0
embryonic S1
0
embryonic S3
0
leg disc CME L1
1
wing disc CME-W2
10
wing disc ML-DmD8
0
wing disc ML-DmD9
0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
0
wing disc ML-DmD21
0
wing disc ML-DmD32
0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
0
ovary fGS/OSS
5
ovary OSC
0
ovary OSS
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
1
embryonic 1182-4H
0
embryonic GM2
0
embryonic Kc167
0
embryonic S1
0
embryonic S3
0
leg disc CME L1
1
wing disc CME-W2
10
wing disc ML-DmD8
0
wing disc ML-DmD9
0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
0
wing disc ML-DmD21
0
wing disc ML-DmD32
0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
0
ovary fGS/OSS
5
ovary OSC
0
ovary OSS
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
1
embryonic 1182-4H
0
embryonic GM2
0
embryonic Kc167
0
embryonic S1
0
embryonic S3
0
leg disc CME L1
1
wing disc CME-W2
10
wing disc ML-DmD8
0
wing disc ML-DmD9
0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
0
wing disc ML-DmD21
0
wing disc ML-DmD32
0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
0
ovary fGS/OSS
5
ovary OSC
0
ovary OSS
0
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
1
embryonic 1182-4H
0
embryonic GM2
0
embryonic Kc167
0
embryonic S1
0
embryonic S3
0
leg disc CME L1
1
wing disc CME-W2
10
wing disc ML-DmD8
0
wing disc ML-DmD9
0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
0
wing disc ML-DmD21
0
wing disc ML-DmD32
0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
0
ovary fGS/OSS
5
ovary OSC
0
ovary OSS
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
1
embryonic 1182-4H
0
embryonic GM2
0
embryonic Kc167
0
embryonic S1
0
embryonic S3
0
leg disc CME L1
1
wing disc CME-W2
10
wing disc ML-DmD8
0
wing disc ML-DmD9
0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
0
wing disc ML-DmD21
0
wing disc ML-DmD32
0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
0
ovary fGS/OSS
5
ovary OSC
0
ovary OSS
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
1
embryonic 1182-4H
0
embryonic GM2
0
embryonic Kc167
0
embryonic S1
0
embryonic S3
0
leg disc CME L1
1
wing disc CME-W2
10
wing disc ML-DmD8
0
wing disc ML-DmD9
0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
0
wing disc ML-DmD21
0
wing disc ML-DmD32
0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
0
ovary fGS/OSS
5
ovary OSC
0
ovary OSS
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
0
Schneider line 2 Sg4
1
embryonic 1182-4H
0
embryonic GM2
0
embryonic Kc167
0
embryonic S1
0
embryonic S3
0
leg disc CME L1
1
wing disc CME-W2
10
wing disc ML-DmD8
0
wing disc ML-DmD9
0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
0
wing disc ML-DmD21
0
wing disc ML-DmD32
0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
0
tumorous blood cells mbn2
0
ovary fGS/OSS
5
ovary OSC
0
ovary OSS
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
Schneider line 2 Sg4
embryonic 1182-4H
embryonic GM2
embryonic Kc167
embryonic S1
embryonic S3
leg disc CME L1
wing disc CME-W2
wing disc ML-DmD8
wing disc ML-DmD9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
wing disc ML-DmD21
wing disc ML-DmD32
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
tumorous blood cells mbn2
ovary fGS/OSS
ovary OSC
ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
13
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
32
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
33
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
13
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
(32)
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
(33)
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
13
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
32
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
33
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
13
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
32
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
33
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
13
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
32
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
33
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
13
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
32
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
(33)
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
13
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
32
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
33
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
13
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
23
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
32
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
33
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
0
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
1
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
18
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
cold shock, 4-day adult
heat shock, 4-day adult
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts
Alleles & Phenotypes Summary of Allele Phenotypes Classical Alleles ( 45 ) For All Classical Alleles Show Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs
( 49 ) For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic
Constructs Show Allele of
vas Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion vasGD1556 1 Yes vasGD16098 1 Yes vasGL01013 1 Yes vasHM05239 1 Yes vasHMS00373 1 Yes vasHMS00431 1 Yes vasKK100929 1 Yes vasC.solo.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-YFP.Venus 0 Yes vasD554A.Scer\UAS.P\T antimorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes vasdel.10.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.11.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.12.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.13.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.14.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.15.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.16.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.17.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.18.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.19.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.2.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.20.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.21.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.22.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.23.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.3.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.4.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.5.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.6.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.7.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdel.8.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP,T:Ivir\HA1 0 Yes vasdel.9.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasdsRNA.shRNA.Scer\UAS.P\T 0 Yes vasN.solo.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-YFP.Venus 0 Yes vasQ525A.Scer\UAS.P\T antimorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes vasR551A.Scer\UAS.P\T antimorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes vasScer\UAS.P\T.cSa 0 Yes vassolo.T:Avic\GFP-YFP.Venus 0 Yes vasT:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasT:Avic\GFP 0 Yes vasT:Disc\RFP-mCherry,T:Ivir\HA1 0 Yes vasT:Ivir\HA1,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasT:Ivir\HA1,T:Ecol\lacZ 0 Yes vasαTub67C.T:Avic\GFP 0 Yes vasΔ-96-65.T:Ivir\HA1,T:Ecol\lacZ 0 Yes vasΔ30.T:Avic\GFP 0 Yes vasΔ616-618.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasΔ616.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasΔ617.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes vasΔ618.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations Disrupted in (
Roote et al., 1996 ,
Tomancak et al., 1998 ,
Van Doren et al., 1998 ,
Cai et al., 2001 ,
Tinker et al., 1998 ,
Lasko and Ashburner, 1988 ,
Ashburner et al., 1990 )
Not disrupted in Partially disrupted in Duplicated in Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs UAS construct
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
characterization construct
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Insertions insertion of mobile activating element
insertion of enhancer trap
insertion of enhancer trap binary system
Gene Ontology: Function, Process
& Cellular Component ( 31 unique terms ) Terms Based on
Experimental Evidence ( 17 terms ) Molecular Function inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProtKB)
inferred from direct assay
inferred from physical interaction with
Dcr-1 inferred from physical interaction with
Fmr1 inferred from physical interaction with
gus inferred from physical interaction with
piwi inferred from direct assay
Biological Process inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Cellular Component inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or
Assertions ( 18 terms ) Molecular Function non-traceable author statement
traceable author statement
Biological Process traceable author statement
traceable author statement
traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
traceable author statement
traceable author statement
traceable author statement
Cellular Component traceable author statement
traceable author statement
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein pull down, western blot, two hybrid, autoradiography
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
Summary of Genetic Interactions Interacts with Please look at the allele data
for full details of the genetic interactions
External Data Linkouts
- A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (3)
- based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
OrthoDB orthology group searches
Drosophila inclusive ortholog search
Dipteran inclusive ortholog search
No orthologs identified
Insect inclusive ortholog search
No orthologs identified
Arthropod inclusive ortholog search
No orthologs identified
Metazoa inclusive ortholog search
No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species
(EOG6NCMZ9 )
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)AAA Orthologs (3)
based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Stocks & Reagents Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 23 )Bloomington Harvard Kyoto VDRC Genomic Clones ( 2 )Please Note FlyBase no
longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list
may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 80 )Please Note This section lists
cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent
of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs
of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes.
Please see
GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs
to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones Other clones cDNA Clones, End Sequenced
(ESTs) BDGP DGC clones Other clones RNAi & Array Information Linkouts
- Results from RNAi screens.
- GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
Antibody Information
polyclonal
(
Ferguson et al., 2012 ,
Nakao et al., 2006 ,
Lasko and Ashburner, 1990 ,
Hay et al., 1990 ,
Patil and Kai, 2010 ,
Gilboa and Lehmann, 2004 )
Other Information Discoverer Etymology Identification Relationship to Other Genes Source for database identity of Source for identity of: CG33678 BG:DS00929.15
Source for identity of: vas CG3506
Source for database merge of Source for merge of: vas CG33678
Additional comments Annotations CG3506 and CG33678 merged as CG43081 in release 5.31 of the genome annotation.
Other Comments The "solo" splice variant encoded by the
vas locus is required for meiotic cohesion.
vas binds with 1:1 stoichiometry to
gus .
New annotation (CG33678) in release 4.2 of the genome annotation.
vas may act in the process of dorsal ventral polarity formation in the oocyte.
Mutants exhibit a ventralized egg chamber, the same phenotype that is observed in
grk and
Egfr mutants.
vas is involved in oocyte differentiation and germline cyst development.
vas is required, directly or indirectly, for the regulation of
grk mRNA localisation.
vas is required for the establishment of both anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral polarity of the oocyte.
The polarity defects of
vas mutants appear to be caused by a reduction in the amount of
grk protein at stages of oogenesis critical for the establishment of polarity.
An
osk -
vas complex seems to stimulates transcription of
osk . The phosphorylation of short
osk may act in the spatial restriction of
osk translation to the posterior pole.
vas and
tud are localised dependent of
osk protein and are required to accumulate
osk protein stably at the posterior pole.
Localization of
vas protein to the nuage particles is independent of the pole plasm assembly pathway, but formation of the nuage depends upon
vas function.
Molecular analysis of
vas alleles suggests that recruitment of
vas to the pole plasm must depend on protein-protein interactions, but, once localized,
vas must bind to RNA to mediate germ cell formation.
Distribution of
tud protein in mutant embryos has been studied.
The level of
vas RNA in the ovary is controlled by the
psq gene product.
Only
vas and
tud are essential for
osk -induced pole cell and abdomen formation.
The
vas gene is critical for normal and ectopic localization of the posterior signal.
BicD vas embryos suppress all abdominal development.
Mutations at the
vas locus cause defects in midoogenesis.
vas mutant embryos lack
nos activity.
vas mutants exhibit deletion of the abdomen and pole plasm; amorphic mutants are sterile.
In
vas mutants synthesis of
vas protein is absent or severely restricted.
vas - females fail to complete oogenesis and lay no eggs.
vas plays a role in polar granule formation.
vas protein does not accumulate in embryos from females mutant for
capu and
spir .
Mutation in
vas results in a maternal effect "grandchildless knirps-like" phenotype.
Mutations in
vas cause failure of germ cell formation and deletions in the abdominal segments in the embryo.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
- A searchable database of RefSeq genes.
Other Crossreferences
domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
- Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
Linkouts
- A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
- Results from RNAi screens.
- Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans
- GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
- Data generated by the modENCODE project.
Synonyms & Secondary IDs
( 22 )Reported As Symbol Synonym vas
(
Richter et al., 2011 ,
Pane et al., 2011 ,
Vu and Nuzhdin, 2011 ,
Moore et al., 2009 ,
Anand and Kai, 2012 ,
Kugler et al., 2010 ,
Yan et al., 2010 ,
Munro et al., 2006 ,
Lasko, 2000.2.1 ,
Christensen and Cook, 2007.5.8 ,
Hochwagen, 2006 ,
Shigenobu et al., 2006 ,
Shigenobu et al., 2006 ,
Christensen and Cook, 2007.3.22 ,
Lim and Kai, 2007 ,
Shpiz et al., 2007 ,
Deshpande and Schedl, 2005 ,
Snee and Macdonald, 2004 ,
Kugler et al., 2008 ,
Jain and Gavis, 2008 ,
Orsborn et al., 2007 ,
Lim and Kai, 2007 ,
Ochoa-Espinosa et al., 2009 ,
Wang et al., 1994 ,
Xie et al., 2005 ,
Malone et al., 2009 ,
Navarro et al., 2009 ,
Tanaka and Nakamura, 2008 ,
Gracheva et al., 2009 ,
Thomson et al., 2008 ,
Venken et al., 2009 ,
de Las Heras et al., 2009 ,
de Wit et al., 2005 ,
Blanco and Gehring, 2008 ,
Patil and Kai, 2010 ,
Anne, 2010 ,
Nagao et al., 2010 ,
Pek and Kai, 2011 ,
Tanaka et al., 2011 ,
Lancaster et al., 2010 ,
Anne, 2010 ,
Anne, 2010 ,
Ferguson et al., 2012 ,
Siddiqui et al., 2012 ,
Olivieri et al., 2012 )
Vas
(
Sato et al., 2007 ,
Kitadate and Kobayashi, 2010 ,
Anne et al., 2007 ,
Wehr et al., 2006 ,
Klattenhoff et al., 2007 ,
Kugler and Lasko, 2007 ,
Arkov et al., 2006 ,
Chicoine et al., 2007 ,
Chen et al., 2007 ,
Gavis et al., 2008 ,
Pek et al., 2009 ,
Liu et al., 2009 ,
Guo and Wang, 2009 ,
Klattenhoff et al., 2009 ,
Hayashi et al., 2009 ,
Becalska and Gavis, 2010 ,
Patil and Kai, 2010 ,
Grillo et al., 2011 ,
Lerit and Gavis, 2011 ,
Kugler et al., 2010 ,
Sinsimer et al., 2011 )
Vasa
(
Xia et al., 2012 ,
Riparbelli and Callaini, 2011 ,
Sato et al., 2010 ,
Eisen et al., 1998 ,
Anne et al., 2007 ,
Gonsalvez et al., 2006 ,
Clark et al., 2006 ,
Clark et al., 2007 ,
Ueishi et al., 2009 ,
Insco et al., 2009 ,
Sato et al., 2008 ,
Insco et al., 2009 ,
Gonsalvez et al., 2010 ,
Zhou et al., 2011 ,
Renault et al., 2010 ,
Khurana et al., 2011 ,
Wang et al., 2011 ,
Xia et al., 2010 )
VASA
(
Liu et al., 2011 ,
Hinson and Nagoshi, 2002 ,
Hinson et al., 1999 ,
Pennetta and Pauli, 1997 ,
Woo et al., 2006 ,
Hempel and Oliver, 2007 ,
Chau et al., 2009 ,
Iovino et al., 2009 ,
Park et al., 2007 ,
Filippakopoulos et al., 2010 )
Name Synonym Vasa
(
Zhang et al., 2011 ,
Salomon and Jackson, 2008 ,
Azzam et al., 2012 ,
Parrott et al., 2011 ,
Mukai et al., 2011 ,
McDermott et al., 2012 ,
Tsigkari et al., 2012 ,
Singh et al., 2010 ,
Okegbe and DiNardo, 2011 ,
Wang et al., 2011 ,
Inaba et al., 2010 ,
Moore et al., 2009 ,
Bader et al., 2011 ,
Graham et al., 2011 ,
Degennaro et al., 2011 ,
Sato et al., 2007 ,
Monk et al., 2012 ,
Kugler et al., 2010 ,
Leatherman and Dinardo, 2010 ,
Deshpande et al., 2006 ,
Terry et al., 2006 ,
Siddall et al., 2006 ,
Schupbach et al., 2006 ,
O'Reilly et al., 2006 ,
Klattenhoff et al., 2007 ,
Sengoku et al., 2006 ,
Poulton and Deng, 2006 ,
Seydoux and Braun, 2006 ,
Lin et al., 2006 ,
Kugler and Lasko, 2007 ,
Yamashita et al., 2007 ,
Yamashita et al., 2007 ,
Strome and Lehmann, 2007 ,
Gilboa and Lehmann, 2006 ,
Niki et al., 2006 ,
Niki, 2006 ,
Irion et al., 2006 ,
Renault et al., 2004 ,
Burnett and Howard, 2003 ,
Clough et al., 2007 ,
Maines et al., 2007 ,
Renault et al., 2004 ,
Song et al., 2007 ,
Deshpande et al., 2007 ,
Casper and Van Doren, 2006 ,
Kadyrova et al., 2007 ,
Yamada et al., 2008 ,
Yamashita et al., 2005 ,
Sano et al., 2005 ,
Song et al., 2007 ,
Sun et al., 2008 ,
Neumuller et al., 2008 ,
Wawersik et al., 2005 ,
Yogev et al., 2008 ,
Vanzo et al., 2007 ,
Kitadate et al., 2007 ,
Chicoine et al., 2007 ,
Jiang et al., 2008 ,
Orsborn et al., 2007 ,
Bogard et al., 2007 ,
Kunwar et al., 2008 ,
Yang et al., 2007 ,
Meignin and Davis, 2008 ,
Chen et al., 2007 ,
Tanentzapf et al., 2007 ,
Chen et al., 2007 ,
Suyama et al., 2009 ,
Cheng et al., 2008 ,
Ricardo and Lehmann, 2009 ,
Clark et al., 2007 ,
Bhat and Schedl, 1997 ,
Yang et al., 2009 ,
Aruna et al., 2009 ,
Nanda et al., 2009 ,
Gavis et al., 2008 ,
Szakmary et al., 2009 ,
Singh et al., 2006 ,
Nie et al., 2009 ,
Li et al., 2009 ,
Bosveld et al., 2008 ,
Chen et al., 2009 ,
Liu et al., 2009 ,
Gouw et al., 2009 ,
Li et al., 2009 ,
Sheng et al., 2009 ,
Sheng et al., 2009 ,
Guo and Wang, 2009 ,
Klattenhoff et al., 2009 ,
Hayashi et al., 2009 ,
Riparbelli et al., 2009 ,
Kalamegham et al., 2007 ,
Bolivar et al., 2006 ,
Riparbelli et al., 2005 ,
Issigonis et al., 2009 ,
Zhao et al., 2008 ,
Adolph et al., 2009 ,
Hashiyama et al., 2009 ,
Jin et al., 2008 ,
Leatherman and DiNardo, 2008 ,
Patil and Kai, 2010 ,
Wu et al., 2010 ,
Liu et al., 2010 ,
Parma et al., 2007 ,
Grillo et al., 2011 ,
Cheng et al., 2011 ,
Gerbasi et al., 2011 ,
Tastan et al., 2010 ,
Kearse et al., 2011 ,
Toledano et al., 2012 ,
Eliazer et al., 2011 ,
König et al., 2011 ,
Kugler et al., 2010 ,
Sinsimer et al., 2011 ,
McElwain et al., 2011 ,
Monk et al., 2010 ,
Zamparini et al., 2011 ,
Leibfried et al., 2013 ,
Eun et al., 2013 ,
Hartman et al., 2010 ,
Pek et al., 2012 ,
Hohl et al., 2012 ,
Neumüller et al., 2012 ,
Yuan et al., 2012 ,
Klenov et al., 2011 ,
Ile et al., 2012 ,
Sanghavi et al., 2012 ,
Ji and Tulin, 2012 ,
Tiwari and Roy, 2008 ,
Insco et al., 2012 ,
Fukunaga et al., 2012 )
VASA
(
Yang et al., 2012 ,
Quinones et al., 2010 ,
Lee et al., 2010 ,
Smulders-Srinivasan et al., 2010 ,
Hongay and Orr-Weaver, 2011 ,
Woo et al., 2006 ,
Megosh et al., 2006 ,
Megosh et al., 2006 ,
DeFalco et al., 2008 ,
Buszczak et al., 2009 ,
Hempel and Oliver, 2007 ,
Robinett et al., 2010 ,
Casper et al., 2011 ,
Cheng et al., 2012 ,
Jemc et al., 2012 )
vasa
(
Shpiz et al., 2011 ,
Pek and Kai, 2011 ,
Vu and Nuzhdin, 2011 ,
Kirilly et al., 2011 ,
Jaglarz et al., 2011 ,
Castillo et al., 2011 ,
Chan et al., 2011 ,
Morris et al., 2008 ,
Cash and Andrews, 2012 ,
Yan et al., 2010 ,
Ashburner, 1988.10.20 ,
Oliver and Pauli, 1998 ,
Asaoka et al., 1998 ,
Heller and Steinmann-Zwicky, 1998 ,
Ohlstein and McKearin, 1997 ,
Newmark et al., 1997 ,
Seydoux and Dunn, 1997 ,
Boyle et al., 1997 ,
Staab and Steinmann-Zwicky, 1996 ,
Docquier et al., 1996 ,
St. Johnston, 1993 ,
Schulz et al., 1993 ,
Beckemeyer and Shirk, 1992 ,
Montell et al., 1991 ,
de Valoir et al., 1991 ,
Ashburner, 1991 ,
Dorer et al., 1990 ,
Raff et al., 1990 ,
Struhl, 1989 ,
Tautz, 1988 ,
Driever and Nusslein-Volhard, 1988 ,
Frydman et al., 2006 ,
Goldman et al., 2007 ,
Linder and Lasko, 2006 ,
Shigenobu et al., 2006 ,
McHugh et al., 2004 ,
Shigenobu et al., 2006 ,
Shpiz et al., 2007 ,
Wang et al., 2006 ,
Nakamura et al., 2007 ,
Snee and Macdonald, 2004 ,
Kalmykova et al., 2008 ,
Georlette et al., 2007 ,
Tadros et al., 2007 ,
Ochoa-Espinosa et al., 2009 ,
Malone et al., 2009 ,
Shpiz et al., 2009 ,
Shen et al., 2009 ,
Nishida et al., 2007 ,
Casper and Van Doren, 2009 ,
Lee et al., 2008 ,
Robine et al., 2009 ,
Harbison et al., 2005 ,
de Las Heras et al., 2009 ,
Kirino et al., 2010 ,
Blanco and Gehring, 2008 ,
Leatherman and DiNardo, 2008 ,
Patil and Kai, 2010 ,
Gonsalvez et al., 2010 ,
Anne, 2010 ,
Wallenfang et al., 2006 ,
Wang and Riechmann, 2007 ,
Olivieri et al., 2010 ,
Bakhrat et al., 2010 ,
Pek and Kai, 2011 ,
Di Stefano et al., 2007 ,
Janic et al., 2010 ,
Yadlapalli et al., 2011 ,
Sui and Yang, 2011 ,
Yu et al., 2010 ,
Musters et al., 2006 ,
Degennaro et al., 2011 ,
Liu et al., 2011 )
Secondary FlyBase
IDs FBgn0003970 FBgn0004805 FBgn0028928 FBgn0053678 References ( 688 )Generate a list of List References by type
Recent research papers ( 70 )
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Cell 22(5): 1041--1051Phf7 controls male sex determination in the Drosophila germline. [FBrf0218344] Yuan et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 361(1): 57--67Regulation of cyclin A localization downstream of Par-1 function is critical for the centrosome orientation checkpoint in Drosophila male germline stem cells. [FBrf0216861] Bader et al., 2011, Cell 145(3): 371--382A conserved f box regulatory complex controls proteasome activity in Drosophila. [FBrf0213568] Casper et al., 2011, Development 138(16): 3357--3366no child left behind encodes a novel chromatin factor required for germline stem cell maintenance in males but not females. [FBrf0214565] Castillo et al., 2011, BMC Evol. Biol. 11: 258Molecular evolution under increasing transposable element burden in Drosophila: A speed limit on the evolutionary arms race. [FBrf0216257] Chan et al., 2011, Genetics 188(1): 33--44Insect Population Control by Homing Endonuclease-Based Gene Drive: An Evaluation in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213627] Cheng et al., 2011, Development 138(5): 831--837Asymmetric division of cyst stem cells in Drosophila testis is ensured by anaphase spindle repositioning. [FBrf0213009] Degennaro et al., 2011, Dev. Cell 20(2): 233--243Peroxiredoxin Stabilization of DE-Cadherin Promotes Primordial Germ Cell Adhesion. [FBrf0212971] Eliazer et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(17): 7064--7069Loss of lysine-specific demethylase 1 nonautonomously causes stem cell tumors in the Drosophila ovary. [FBrf0213593] Gerbasi et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(8): 3204--3209Blanks, a nuclear siRNA/dsRNA-binding complex component, is required for Drosophila spermiogenesis. [FBrf0213185] Graham et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(7): e1002185The Translation Initiation Factor eIF4E Regulates the Sex-Specific Expression of the Master Switch Gene Sxl in Drosophila melanogaster. 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All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011