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Gene Dmel\twr

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\twr	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	twisted bristles roughened eye	Annotation symbol	CG2358
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0262801
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	6 publicly available
Also Known As	Spase18-21
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-[47.5]
Cytogenetic map	84A1-84A2	Sequence location	3R:2,483,604..2,485,164 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene twisted bristles roughened eye is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\twr (CG2358, FBgn0262801). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: peptidase activity. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to be involved in the biological process: signal peptide processing. 14 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: eye; mitotic cell cycle; macrochaeta; eye photoreceptor cell; ommatidium; crystal cell. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Peptidase S24/S26A/S26B; Peptidase S24/S26A/S26B/S26C; Peptidase S24/S26A/S26B/S26C, beta-ribbon domain; Peptidase S26A, signal peptidase I, conserved site; Peptidase S26A, signal peptidase I, serine active site; Peptidase S26B, eukaryotic signal peptidase. Gene sequence location is 3R:2483604..2485164.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	twr: twisted bristles roughened eye Most alleles lethal; few escapers display twisted bristles and rough eyes; survivors female sterile.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 84A1-84A2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}casj1C2 and P{PZ}lab01241; Left limit from inclusion within Df(3R)MAP2 (FBrf0049494) Right limit from non-inclusion within Df(3R)MAP11 (FBrf0049494)
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 84A4-84A5   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 84A4-84A5     (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-[47.5]
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\twr for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.50
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) twr-RA FBtr0081687  NM_141419   855   185
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein twr-PA   FBpp0081185   21.0   185   9.34     NP_649676   AAF54100
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Peptidase S24/S26A/S26B/S26C (IPR015927) Peptidase S26B, eukaryotic signal peptidase (IPR001733) Peptidase S26A, signal peptidase I, serine active site (IPR019756) Peptidase S26A, signal peptidase I, conserved site (IPR019758) Peptidase S24/S26A/S26B (IPR019759) Peptidase S24/S26A/S26B/S26C, beta-ribbon domain (IPR011056)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA441014   AA695870   AA802481   AE014297 AAF54100   AE001572 AAD19813   AF160889 AAD46829   AI260460   AI295532   AI406242   AI518805   AX094217   AY113562 AAM29567   BF486315   BG633454   BG638756   BI352732   BI358611   BI361332   BI573003   BI592310   BI636716   BI638932   BI640255   BP543189   BP543190   BP547488   BP550485   BP550486   BP551108   BP551109   BP551110   BP551111   BP553981   BP557320   BP557321   BQ102911   BX047329   BX067085   CA806732   CK605160   CK605161   CK660065   CO156596   CO179887   CO180063   CO292095   CO297579   CO315265   CO340567   CR937095   CR937180   CR937216   CR937342   CR937358   CR937367   CR937506   CR937561   CR937654   CR937813   CZ481288   DQ062792 AAY56665   DQ440068   EC063581   EC063930   EC077808   EC211217   EC233512   EC246642   EC250562   EC253365   EC265290   EC266212   EC267612   EV576294   EV579670   EV593153   G01166
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	O97066 Q3YMT4
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   anterior endoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) hindgut anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   anterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) foregut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) inclusive hindgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   anterior midgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) foregut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) garland cell primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) hindgut proper primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior midgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) proventriculus primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) salivary gland body primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic dorsal epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic foregut   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic proventriculus   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic ventral epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval garland cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval salivary gland   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval salivary gland body   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior adult midgut progenitor   (Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood   adult heart   (Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    103 central nervous system, larvae L3    54 central nervous system, pupae P8    33 head, virgin 1-day female    44 head, virgin 4-day female    24 head, virgin 20-day female    36 head, mated 1-day female    26 head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female    38 head, mated 1-day male    22 head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male    33 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    243 salivary gland, white prepupae    84 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    41 digestive system, 1-day adult    48 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    31 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    72 fat body, white prepupae    38 fat body, pupae P8    56 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    70 carcass, 1-day adult    37 carcass, 4-day adult    43 carcass, 20-day adult    42 ovary, virgin 4-day female    42 ovary, mated 4-day female    38 testis, mated 4-day male    58 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    275 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (103) central nervous system, larvae L3  (54) central nervous system, pupae P8  (33) head, virgin 1-day female  (44) head, virgin 4-day female    24 head, virgin 20-day female  (36) head, mated 1-day female  26 head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female  (38) head, mated 1-day male    22 head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male  (33) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering  (243) salivary gland, white prepupae  (84) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (41) digestive system, 1-day adult  (48) digestive system, 4-day adult  (33) digestive system, 20-day adult  (31) fat body, larvae L3 wandering  (72) fat body, white prepupae  (38) fat body, pupae P8  (56) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (70) carcass, 1-day adult  (37) carcass, 4-day adult  (43) carcass, 20-day adult  (42) ovary, virgin 4-day female  (42) ovary, mated 4-day female  (38) testis, mated 4-day male  (58) accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (275) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  103 central nervous system, larvae L3    54 central nervous system, pupae P8    33 head, virgin 1-day female    44 head, virgin 4-day female    24 head, virgin 20-day female    36 head, mated 1-day female    26 head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female    38 head, mated 1-day male    22 head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male    33 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering  (243) salivary gland, white prepupae    84 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    41 digestive system, 1-day adult    48 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    31 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    72 fat body, white prepupae    38 fat body, pupae P8    56 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    70 carcass, 1-day adult    37 carcass, 4-day adult    43 carcass, 20-day adult    42 ovary, virgin 4-day female    42 ovary, mated 4-day female    38 testis, mated 4-day male    58 accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (275) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    103 central nervous system, larvae L3    54 central nervous system, pupae P8    33 head, virgin 1-day female    44 head, virgin 4-day female    24 head, virgin 20-day female    36 head, mated 1-day female    26 head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female    38 head, mated 1-day male    22 head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male    33 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    243 salivary gland, white prepupae    84 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    41 digestive system, 1-day adult    48 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    31 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    72 fat body, white prepupae    38 fat body, pupae P8    56 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    70 carcass, 1-day adult    37 carcass, 4-day adult    43 carcass, 20-day adult    42 ovary, virgin 4-day female    42 ovary, mated 4-day female    38 testis, mated 4-day male    58 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    275 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    103 central nervous system, larvae L3    54 central nervous system, pupae P8    33 head, virgin 1-day female    44 head, virgin 4-day female    24 head, virgin 20-day female    36 head, mated 1-day female    26 head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female    38 head, mated 1-day male    22 head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male    33 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    243 salivary gland, white prepupae    84 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    41 digestive system, 1-day adult    48 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    31 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    72 fat body, white prepupae    38 fat body, pupae P8    56 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    70 carcass, 1-day adult    37 carcass, 4-day adult    43 carcass, 20-day adult    42 ovary, virgin 4-day female    42 ovary, mated 4-day female    38 testis, mated 4-day male    58 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    275 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (103) central nervous system, larvae L3  (54) central nervous system, pupae P8  (33) head, virgin 1-day female  (44) head, virgin 4-day female    24 head, virgin 20-day female  (36) head, mated 1-day female  26 head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female  (38) head, mated 1-day male    22 head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male  (33) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering  (243) salivary gland, white prepupae  (84) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (41) digestive system, 1-day adult  (48) digestive system, 4-day adult  (33) digestive system, 20-day adult  31 fat body, larvae L3 wandering  (72) fat body, white prepupae  (38) fat body, pupae P8  (56) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (70) carcass, 1-day adult  (37) carcass, 4-day adult  (43) carcass, 20-day adult  (42) ovary, virgin 4-day female  (42) ovary, mated 4-day female  (38) testis, mated 4-day male  (58) accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (275) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  103 central nervous system, larvae L3    54 central nervous system, pupae P8    33 head, virgin 1-day female    44 head, virgin 4-day female    24 head, virgin 20-day female    36 head, mated 1-day female    26 head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female    38 head, mated 1-day male    22 head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male    33 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering  (243) salivary gland, white prepupae    84 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    41 digestive system, 1-day adult    48 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    31 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    72 fat body, white prepupae    38 fat body, pupae P8    56 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    70 carcass, 1-day adult    37 carcass, 4-day adult    43 carcass, 20-day adult    42 ovary, virgin 4-day female    42 ovary, mated 4-day female    38 testis, mated 4-day male    58 accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (275) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    103 central nervous system, larvae L3    54 central nervous system, pupae P8    33 head, virgin 1-day female    44 head, virgin 4-day female    24 head, virgin 20-day female    36 head, mated 1-day female    26 head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female    38 head, mated 1-day male    22 head, mated 4-day male    23 head, mated 20-day male    33 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    243 salivary gland, white prepupae    84 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    41 digestive system, 1-day adult    48 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    31 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    72 fat body, white prepupae    38 fat body, pupae P8    56 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    70 carcass, 1-day adult    37 carcass, 4-day adult    43 carcass, 20-day adult    42 ovary, virgin 4-day female    42 ovary, mated 4-day female    38 testis, mated 4-day male    58 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    275 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    132 embryo 02-04hr    126 embryo 04-06hr    182 embryo 06-08hr    224 embryo 08-10hr    222 embryo 10-12hr    251 embryo 12-14hr    177 embryo 14-16hr    122 embryo 16-18hr    85 embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    47 embryo 22-24hr    41 larva L1    105 larva L2    209 larva L3 12hr old    171 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    170 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    163 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    162 white prepupae new    147 white prepupae 12hr    75 white prepupae 24hr    124 pupae 2d postWPP    115 pupae 3d postWPP    51 pupae 4d postWPP    54 adult male 01day    123 adult male 05day    130 adult male 30day    134 adult female 01day    87 adult female 05day    118 adult female 30day    128 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (132) embryo 02-04hr  (126) embryo 04-06hr  (182) embryo 06-08hr  (224) embryo 08-10hr  (222) embryo 10-12hr  (251) embryo 12-14hr  (177) embryo 14-16hr  (122) embryo 16-18hr  (85) embryo 18-20hr  (56) embryo 20-22hr  (47) embryo 22-24hr  (41) larva L1  (105) larva L2  (209) larva L3 12hr old  (171) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (170) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (163) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (162) white prepupae new  (147) white prepupae 12hr  (75) white prepupae 24hr  (124) pupae 2d postWPP  (115) pupae 3d postWPP  (51) pupae 4d postWPP  (54) adult male 01day  (123) adult male 05day  (130) adult male 30day  (134) adult female 01day  (87) adult female 05day  (118) adult female 30day  (128) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (132) embryo 02-04hr  (126) embryo 04-06hr  (182) embryo 06-08hr  (224) embryo 08-10hr  (222) embryo 10-12hr  (251) embryo 12-14hr  (177) embryo 14-16hr  (122) embryo 16-18hr    85 embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    47 embryo 22-24hr    41 larva L1  105 larva L2  (209) larva L3 12hr old  (171) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (170) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (163) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (162) white prepupae new  (147) white prepupae 12hr    75 white prepupae 24hr  (124) pupae 2d postWPP  (115) pupae 3d postWPP    51 pupae 4d postWPP    54 adult male 01day  (123) adult male 05day  (130) adult male 30day  (134) adult female 01day    87 adult female 05day  (118) adult female 30day  (128) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    132 embryo 02-04hr    126 embryo 04-06hr    182 embryo 06-08hr    224 embryo 08-10hr    222 embryo 10-12hr    251 embryo 12-14hr    177 embryo 14-16hr    122 embryo 16-18hr    85 embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    47 embryo 22-24hr    41 larva L1    105 larva L2    209 larva L3 12hr old    171 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    170 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    163 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    162 white prepupae new    147 white prepupae 12hr    75 white prepupae 24hr    124 pupae 2d postWPP    115 pupae 3d postWPP    51 pupae 4d postWPP    54 adult male 01day    123 adult male 05day    130 adult male 30day    134 adult female 01day    87 adult female 05day    118 adult female 30day    128 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    132 embryo 02-04hr    126 embryo 04-06hr    182 embryo 06-08hr    224 embryo 08-10hr    222 embryo 10-12hr    251 embryo 12-14hr    177 embryo 14-16hr    122 embryo 16-18hr    85 embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    47 embryo 22-24hr    41 larva L1    105 larva L2    209 larva L3 12hr old    171 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    170 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    163 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    162 white prepupae new    147 white prepupae 12hr    75 white prepupae 24hr    124 pupae 2d postWPP    115 pupae 3d postWPP    51 pupae 4d postWPP    54 adult male 01day    123 adult male 05day    130 adult male 30day    134 adult female 01day    87 adult female 05day    118 adult female 30day    128 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (132) embryo 02-04hr  (126) embryo 04-06hr  (182) embryo 06-08hr  (224) embryo 08-10hr  (222) embryo 10-12hr  (251) embryo 12-14hr  (177) embryo 14-16hr  (122) embryo 16-18hr  (85) embryo 18-20hr  (56) embryo 20-22hr  (47) embryo 22-24hr  (41) larva L1  (105) larva L2  (209) larva L3 12hr old  (171) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (170) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (163) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (162) white prepupae new  (147) white prepupae 12hr  (75) white prepupae 24hr  (124) pupae 2d postWPP  (115) pupae 3d postWPP  (51) pupae 4d postWPP  (54) adult male 01day  (123) adult male 05day  (130) adult male 30day  (134) adult female 01day  (87) adult female 05day  (118) adult female 30day  (128) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  132 embryo 02-04hr  126 embryo 04-06hr  (182) embryo 06-08hr  (224) embryo 08-10hr  (222) embryo 10-12hr  (251) embryo 12-14hr  (177) embryo 14-16hr  122 embryo 16-18hr    85 embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    47 embryo 22-24hr    41 larva L1  105 larva L2  (209) larva L3 12hr old  (171) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (170) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (163) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (162) white prepupae new  (147) white prepupae 12hr    75 white prepupae 24hr  124 pupae 2d postWPP  115 pupae 3d postWPP    51 pupae 4d postWPP    54 adult male 01day  123 adult male 05day  130 adult male 30day  134 adult female 01day    87 adult female 05day  118 adult female 30day  128 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    132 embryo 02-04hr    126 embryo 04-06hr    182 embryo 06-08hr    224 embryo 08-10hr    222 embryo 10-12hr    251 embryo 12-14hr    177 embryo 14-16hr    122 embryo 16-18hr    85 embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    47 embryo 22-24hr    41 larva L1    105 larva L2    209 larva L3 12hr old    171 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    170 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    163 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    162 white prepupae new    147 white prepupae 12hr    75 white prepupae 24hr    124 pupae 2d postWPP    115 pupae 3d postWPP    51 pupae 4d postWPP    54 adult male 01day    123 adult male 05day    130 adult male 30day    134 adult female 01day    87 adult female 05day    118 adult female 30day    128 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    64 Schneider line 2 Sg4    139 embryonic 1182-4H    65 embryonic GM2    60 embryonic Kc167    31 embryonic S1    67 embryonic S3    84 leg disc CME L1    160 wing disc CME-W2    62 wing disc ML-DmD8    48 wing disc ML-DmD9    69 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    45 wing disc ML-DmD21    62 wing disc ML-DmD32    69 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    60 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    58 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    99 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    77 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    84 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    81 tumorous blood cells mbn2    92 ovary fGS/OSS    51 ovary OSC    35 ovary OSS    29 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (64) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (139) embryonic 1182-4H  (65) embryonic GM2  (60) embryonic Kc167  (31) embryonic S1  (67) embryonic S3  (84) leg disc CME L1  (160) wing disc CME-W2  (62) wing disc ML-DmD8  (48) wing disc ML-DmD9  (69) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (45) wing disc ML-DmD21  (62) wing disc ML-DmD32  (69) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (60) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (58) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (99) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (77) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (84) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (81) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (92) ovary fGS/OSS  (51) ovary OSC  (35) ovary OSS  (29) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    64 Schneider line 2 Sg4  (139) embryonic 1182-4H    65 embryonic GM2    60 embryonic Kc167    31 embryonic S1    67 embryonic S3    84 leg disc CME L1  (160) wing disc CME-W2    62 wing disc ML-DmD8    48 wing disc ML-DmD9    69 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    45 wing disc ML-DmD21    62 wing disc ML-DmD32    69 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    60 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    58 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    99 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    77 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    84 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    81 tumorous blood cells mbn2    92 ovary fGS/OSS    51 ovary OSC    35 ovary OSS    29 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    64 Schneider line 2 Sg4    139 embryonic 1182-4H    65 embryonic GM2    60 embryonic Kc167    31 embryonic S1    67 embryonic S3    84 leg disc CME L1    160 wing disc CME-W2    62 wing disc ML-DmD8    48 wing disc ML-DmD9    69 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    45 wing disc ML-DmD21    62 wing disc ML-DmD32    69 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    60 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    58 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    99 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    77 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    84 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    81 tumorous blood cells mbn2    92 ovary fGS/OSS    51 ovary OSC    35 ovary OSS    29 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    64 Schneider line 2 Sg4    139 embryonic 1182-4H    65 embryonic GM2    60 embryonic Kc167    31 embryonic S1    67 embryonic S3    84 leg disc CME L1    160 wing disc CME-W2    62 wing disc ML-DmD8    48 wing disc ML-DmD9    69 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    45 wing disc ML-DmD21    62 wing disc ML-DmD32    69 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    60 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    58 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    99 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    77 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    84 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    81 tumorous blood cells mbn2    92 ovary fGS/OSS    51 ovary OSC    35 ovary OSS    29 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (64) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (139) embryonic 1182-4H  (65) embryonic GM2  (60) embryonic Kc167  31 embryonic S1  (67) embryonic S3  (84) leg disc CME L1  (160) wing disc CME-W2  (62) wing disc ML-DmD8  (48) wing disc ML-DmD9  (69) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (45) wing disc ML-DmD21  (62) wing disc ML-DmD32  (69) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (60) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (58) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (99) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (77) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (84) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (81) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (92) ovary fGS/OSS  (51) ovary OSC  (35) ovary OSS  29 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    64 Schneider line 2 Sg4  139 embryonic 1182-4H    65 embryonic GM2    60 embryonic Kc167    31 embryonic S1    67 embryonic S3    84 leg disc CME L1  (160) wing disc CME-W2    62 wing disc ML-DmD8    48 wing disc ML-DmD9    69 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    45 wing disc ML-DmD21    62 wing disc ML-DmD32    69 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    60 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    58 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    99 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    77 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    84 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    81 tumorous blood cells mbn2    92 ovary fGS/OSS    51 ovary OSC    35 ovary OSS    29 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    64 Schneider line 2 Sg4    139 embryonic 1182-4H    65 embryonic GM2    60 embryonic Kc167    31 embryonic S1    67 embryonic S3    84 leg disc CME L1    160 wing disc CME-W2    62 wing disc ML-DmD8    48 wing disc ML-DmD9    69 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    45 wing disc ML-DmD21    62 wing disc ML-DmD32    69 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    60 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    58 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    99 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    77 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    84 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    81 tumorous blood cells mbn2    92 ovary fGS/OSS    51 ovary OSC    35 ovary OSS    29 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    41 cold shock, 4-day adult    38 heat shock, 4-day adult    76 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    132 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    109 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    66 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    67 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    83 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    58 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    92 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    97 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    67 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    93 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    122 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (41) cold shock, 4-day adult  (38) heat shock, 4-day adult  (76) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (132) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (109) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (66) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (29) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (67) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (83) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (58) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (92) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (97) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (67) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (35) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (43) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (44) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (42) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (93) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (122) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    41 cold shock, 4-day adult    38 heat shock, 4-day adult    76 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (132) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (109) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    66 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    67 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    83 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    58 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    92 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    97 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    67 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    93 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (122) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    41 cold shock, 4-day adult    38 heat shock, 4-day adult    76 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    132 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    109 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    66 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    67 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    83 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    58 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    92 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    97 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    67 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    93 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    122 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    41 cold shock, 4-day adult    38 heat shock, 4-day adult    76 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    132 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    109 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    66 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    67 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    83 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    58 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    92 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    97 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    67 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    93 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    122 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (41) cold shock, 4-day adult  (38) heat shock, 4-day adult  (76) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (132) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (109) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (66) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  29 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (67) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (83) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (58) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (92) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (97) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (67) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (35) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (43) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (44) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (42) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (93) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (122) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    41 cold shock, 4-day adult    38 heat shock, 4-day adult    76 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  132 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  109 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    66 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    67 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    83 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    58 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    92 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    97 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    67 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    93 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  122 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    41 cold shock, 4-day adult    38 heat shock, 4-day adult    76 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    132 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    109 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    66 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    67 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    83 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    58 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    92 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    97 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    67 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    93 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    122 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (Graveley et al., 2011) mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_02
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • GM04682 RH08585
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 twrGD3910 lethal | recessive twr2 twr05614 lethal | recessive | heat sensitive twr1 twr3 Other Phenotypes Allele visible (with twr1) twr2 visible (with twr2) twr1 visible | recessive | heat sensitive twr1 Phenotype manifest in Allele crystal cell twr05614 twr1 eye twr1 eye (with twr1) twr2 eye (with twr2) twr1 eye photoreceptor cell (with twr1) twr2 eye photoreceptor cell (with twr2) twr1 macrochaeta twr1 mitotic cell cycle twr05614 ommatidium (with twr1) twr2 ommatidium (with twr2) twr1
Classical Alleles ( 13 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of twr Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion twr05614 P-element activity 1 Yes twr11 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes twr1 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes twr2 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes twre03522 piggyBac transposase 1 -- twr10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- twr3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- twr4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- twr5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- twr6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- twr7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- twr8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- twr9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 1 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of twr Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion twrGD3910 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)Antp17 (Kaufman et al., 1990, Wakimoto et al., 1984, Kennison, 1995.6.21, Lewis et al., 1980) Df(3R)Hu (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)MAP11 (Merrill et al., 1989) Df(3R)p712 (Spradling et al., 1999) Df(3R)Scx2 (Wakimoto et al., 1984, Kaufman et al., 1990, Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)Scx3 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)Scx4 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983, Kaufman et al., 1990) Df(3R)Tpl10 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Dp(3;3)Antp73b-rv8 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) In(3R)Antprv9 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) In(3R)ScrWrv5 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) T(2;3)Antprv5 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) T(2;3)Antprv6 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) T(2;3)Antprv7 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) T(2;3)ScrWrv1 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) T(2;3)ScrWrv6 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Tp(3;3)Dfdrv1 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Tp(3;3)Dfdrv3 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983)
Disrupted in	Df(3R)Antp17 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Spradling et al., 1999) Df(3R)Antp-X1 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)Antp-X2 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)Dfd13 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)MAP2 (Merrill et al., 1989) Df(3R)Scr (Spradling et al., 1999, Kaufman et al., 1990, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Wakimoto et al., 1984, Lewis et al., 1980, Kennison, 1995.6.21, Merrill et al., 1989) T(2;3)VD3
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{PZ}twr05614 No miscellaneous insertions PBac{RB}twre03522 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 5 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 terms )
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
peptidase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AF108945 (FlyBase, 1992-) serine-type peptidase activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR019756, InterPro:IPR019758 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
signal peptide processing inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AF108945 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
integral to membrane inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR019756, InterPro:IPR019758 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) signal peptidase complex inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AF108945 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene   nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
twr - Atx2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - B52 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - CG11107 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - CG11266 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - CG1764 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - CG40169 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - CG5726 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - CG8545 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - Eb1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - Gp210 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - Imp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - Nlp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - Ns1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - Ote anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - Rpb8 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - SC35 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - bocksbeutel anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - eIF6 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - l(1)G0230 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - l(3)72Ab anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - mRpL21 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - mRpL39 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - mRpS24 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - nito anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - nonA-l anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - pont anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - tsu anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - tyf anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twr - εCOP anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions twr allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0262801
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (42) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6S4Q2M Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6N8RDZ Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6H7180 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6H44M2 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6BS8FH
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6S4Q2M)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\twr     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD19887 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM10908 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG13600 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE24877 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF17183 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA15357 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL21767 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK12245 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ23297 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI23840 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH18124 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6N8RDZ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP003069   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ017247
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6H7180)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\Spase18-21   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG037351   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH15671   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP14901   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO17978   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL14673   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH17229   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB21101   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV11781   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI003891   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI009853   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM041030   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC000179
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6H44M2)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_303416   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW014839
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6BS8FH)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\Y54E10BR.5   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_024324gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\sec11a   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\sec11c   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\sec11a   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\SEC11C   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\SEC11A   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Sec11a   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Sec11c   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Sec11c   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Sec11a   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\SEC11C   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\SEC11A
Human Orthologs (2)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\SEC11C     Hsap\SEC11A
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD19887 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM10908 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG13600 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE24877 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF17183 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA15357 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL21767 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK12245 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ23297 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI23840 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH18124
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 6 )
Bloomington	2053 twr1 red1 e1/TM3, Sb1 2054 twr2 red1 e1/TM3, Sb1 2063 twr11 red1 e1/TM3, Sb1 11663 P{PZ}twr05614 ry506/TM3, ryRK Sb1 Ser1
Harvard	- PBac{RB}twre03522
VDRC	v9055 w1118; P{GD3910}v9055
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR19I14 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 41 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GM04682 RH08585
Other clones	DPiM_GM04682
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT20579 GH26471 GH27340 GM05653 GM20539 LD15759 LP04332 LP09193 LP18307 RE45440 RE45496 RH09958 SD18520 SD21337 SD23067
Other clones	299588 571241 Dmel_dig_011292_0690_0669 Dmel_dig_017995_0619_3331 Dmel_neb_014424_0578_1179 EC00448 EC00848 EK170123 EK199158 EK260853 EN08354 EP10914 ESG014d.E21_C03 FGC019B05 FGH117E03 FGM207D08 FGM211A02 FGM211A04 FGM227D02 FGM308F07 LD35204 UT01724 UUGC0305
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40815
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: BcDNA:GM04682 CG2358 (Li, 1999.11) Source for identity of: Spase18-21 CG2358 (Abrams and Andrew, 2005)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: BG:DS00004.11 BcDNA:GM04682 (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.8.7) Source for merge of: twr Spase18-21 (Wang et al., 2010)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Area matching Drosophila EST AA695870. This EST has sequence similarity to mammalian/yeast signal peptidase 18KDa subunit. Probable intron in gene represented by EST AA695870. (Davies, 2001.3.15) Most alleles lethal; few escapers display twisted bristles and rough eyes; survivors female sterile.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_141419 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_649676 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA441014 AA695870 AAD19813 AAD46829 AAF54100 AAM29567 AAY56665 AE001572 AF160889 AX094217 AY113562 BI573003 CZ481288 DQ062792 G01166 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 40815 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • O97066 Q3YMT4
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Peptidase S24/S26A/S26B/S26C (IPR015927) Peptidase S26B, eukaryotic signal peptidase (IPR001733) Peptidase S26A, signal peptidase I, serine active site (IPR019756) Peptidase S26A, signal peptidase I, conserved site (IPR019758) Peptidase S24/S26A/S26B (IPR019759) Peptidase S24/S26A/S26B/S26C, beta-ribbon domain (IPR011056) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • GM04682 RH08585
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0262801 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40815
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 14 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	AF160889 (Mendez et al., 2002) BcDNA:GM04682   BG:DS00004.11 (Davies et al., 2001) CG2358 (Araripe et al., 2010, Jagadeeshan and Singh, 2005, Cammarato et al., 2011) EfW5 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) l(3)84Aa   l(3)05614 (Beaton, 2000.1.31, ) Ov15 (Jagadeeshan and Singh, 2005) Spase18-21 (Fox et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, ) Spase18/21   twr (Wang et al., 2010, )
Name Synonym	Spase 18/21-subunit (Abrams and Andrew, 2005, Cammarato et al., 2011) SPC 21-kDa-like (Martin, 1999.1.14) twisted bristles roughened eye
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0004695 FBgn0011545 FBgn0026567 FBgn0027919
References ( 37 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 37 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 13 ) Supplementary material  ( 3 ) Review  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 11 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 3 ) Patent  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Website  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 )
Recent research papers (0)
	All research papers listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...