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Gene Dmel\cac

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\cac	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	cacophony	Annotation symbol	CG43368
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0263111
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	14 publicly available
Also Known As	Dmca1A, nbA, CG1522, l(1)L13, 13, CG15928
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-36.7
Cytogenetic map	10F7-11A1	Sequence location	X:11,825,982..11,879,120 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene cacophony is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\cac (CG43368, FBgn0263111). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: low voltage-gated calcium channel activity; voltage-gated calcium channel activity; high voltage-gated calcium channel activity. There is experimental evidence for 12 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: biological regulation; localization; multi-organism reproductive process; synaptic transmission; mating; divalent metal ion transport; locomotory behavior; exocytosis; sensory perception of light stimulus; courtship behavior. 57 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: retina; NMJ bouton; bouton; indirect flight muscle motor neuron MN5; wing; synapse. It has 15 annotated transcripts and 15 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Calcium-binding EF-hand; Ion transport domain; Voltage-dependent calcium channel, L-type, alpha-1 subunit; Voltage-dependent calcium channel, alpha-1 subunit; Voltage-dependent calcium channel, alpha-1 subunit, IQ domain. Gene sequence location is X:11825982..11879120.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	cac: cacophony (J.C. Hall) Males court abnormally with poor mating success and aberrant courtship song, which includes pulses of tone that are polycyclic, rather than monocyclic or tricyclic, within wild-type pulses and have increased amplitude. Some cac pulses, however, are quasi-normal in their cycle numbers (Wheeler et al., 1989); these, as well as many of the polycyclic pulses, have essentially normal intra-pulse frequencies; other cac pulses exhibit anomalous modulations, and these show multiple peaks in the intra-pulse spectra, unlike wild type. Mating success of wingless mutant males is still worse than that of wingless wild-type males, which is correlated with genetic separability of song abnormalities from deficit in mating performance. Female courtship appears to be unaffected by cac; but general locomotor activity of males or females is subnormal. cac is recessive for generally abnormal behavior and for courtship song defects in tra/tra flies (Kulkarni, Hall, and Schilcher). nbA: night blind A (J.C. Hall) Higher than normal light-intensity thresholds needed for optomotor or phototactic responses (Heisenberg and Gotz, 1975). More specifically, high-acuity optomotor responses (ability to respond to relatively narrow moving stripes) relatively normal, but high-sensitivity flies (ability to respond to moving stimuli in dim light conditions) are impaired, hence, a "night-blind" phenotype (Heisenberg). In "slow phototaxis/Y-tube" tests (using ordinary white fluorescent light), mutant adults were extremely subnormal and in fact preferred the dark-arm of the Y (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987). Light-on and light-off transient spikes of electroretinogram reduced in amplitude, possibly absent (Heisenberg, 1979; Homyk and Pye, 1989). Weak orientation to spots in Y-maze test (Bulthoff, 1982). nbA mutation may define an essential gene, because nbA3/l(1)11Aa1 heterozygotes lack ERG transients (Homyk and Pye) and are severely defective in phototaxis (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 10F7-11A1
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 11A-11A   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Smith et al., 1996)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-36.7   1-36.66 (Konrad et al., 1998)
Left of (cM)	fw tsg gd (Konrad et al., 1998) comt (Dellinger et al., 2000)
Right of (cM)	m (Konrad et al., 1998)
Notes	97 of 129 recombinants between m and fw ocurred distal to cac. 5 of 8 recombinants between cac and fw were distal to gd. 2 of 10 gd/fw recombinants were distal to tsg. (Konrad et al., 1998)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\cac for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.39 Gene model reviewed during 5.41 DGC clone appears problematic(GH02471): incomplete CDS. Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated. Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters Gene model reviewed during 5.45 Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated Gene merge based on EST/cDNA data.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) cac-RA FBtr0307318  NM_078578   8471   1848 cac-RB FBtr0307321  NM_206697   8471   1848 cac-RC FBtr0307317  NM_206696   8471   1848 cac-RD FBtr0307319  NM_206695   8471   1848 cac-RE FBtr0307322  NM_206694   8490   1851 cac-RF FBtr0307320  NM_206693   8480   1851 cac-RG FBtr0307313  NM_001014735   8474   1849 cac-RH FBtr0307314  NM_001014734   8474   1849 cac-RI FBtr0307315  NM_001014733   8477   1850 cac-RJ FBtr0307316  NM_001014732   8477   1850 cac-RL FBtr0307323  NM_001258707   8705   1926 cac-RM FBtr0307324  NM_001258708   8276   1783 cac-RN FBtr0307325  NM_001258709   10154   1954 cac-RO FBtr0308609  NM_001258710   8480   1851 cac-RP FBtr0332391  NM_001272548   8395   1869
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein cac-PA   FBpp0298319   212.1   1848   8.13     NP_511133   AAF48120 cac-PB   FBpp0298322   212.2   1848   8.13     NP_996420   AAS65326 cac-PC   FBpp0298318   212.1   1848   8.07     NP_996419   AAS65322 cac-PD   FBpp0298320   212.2   1848   8.07     NP_996418   AAS65324 cac-PE   FBpp0298323   212.5   1851   8.01     NP_996417   AAS65323 cac-PF   FBpp0298321   212.6   1851   7.95     NP_996416   AAS65325 cac-PG   FBpp0298314   212.3   1849   8.01     NP_001014735   AAX52488 cac-PH   FBpp0298315   212.2   1849   8.07     NP_001014734   AAX52486 cac-PI   FBpp0298316   212.4   1850   8.07     NP_001014733   AAX52487 cac-PJ   FBpp0298317   212.4   1850   8.01     NP_001014732   AAX52489 cac-PL   FBpp0298324   220.6   1926   8.33     NP_001245636   AFH07350 cac-PM   FBpp0298325   204.9   1783   7.60     NP_001245637   AFH07351 cac-PN   FBpp0298326   223.5   1954   8.44     NP_001245638   AFH07352 cac-PO   FBpp0300833   212.5   1851   8.01     NP_001245639   AFH07353 cac-PP   FBpp0304665   214.7   1869   7.89     NP_001259477   AGB95320
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	1851 (aa); 212 (kD predicted) (Smith et al., 1996)
Comments	Putative phenylalkylamine binding site predicted. (Smith et al., 1996)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Voltage-dependent potassium channel, four helix bundle domain (IPR027359) EF-hand domain (IPR002048) Voltage-dependent calcium channel, alpha-1 subunit, IQ domain (IPR014873) Voltage-dependent calcium channel, alpha-1 subunit (IPR002077) Ion transport domain (IPR005821) Voltage-dependent calcium channel, L-type, alpha-1 subunit (IPR005446)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA567398   AA567406   AA698656   AE014298 AAF48120   AE014298 AAS65322   AE014298 AAS65323   AE014298 AAS65324   AE014298 AAS65325   AE014298 AAS65326   AE014298 AAX52486   AE014298 AAX52487   AE014298 AAX52488   AE014298 AAX52489   AE014298 AFH07350   AE014298 AFH07351   AE014298 AFH07352   AE014298 AFH07353   AE014298 AGB95320   AI063049   AI387310   AI389152   AI531637   AJ569760   AJ569761   AJ569762   AJ569763   AJ569764   AJ569766   AJ569767   AJ569768   AJ569769   AJ569770   AJ569771   AJ569772   AJ569773   AJ569774   AJ569775   AJ569777   AJ569778   AJ569779   AJ569780   AJ569781   AJ569782   AJ569783   AJ569784   AJ569785   AW940097   AY119459 AAM50113   BG639580   BI617467   BT025082   BT082119   CO153796   CO265086   CO267205   CO267563   CO271192   CO271985   CO279872   CO285262   CO286635   CO297442   CO298763   CO309560   CO312338   CO312529   CO315550   CO316773   CO323174   CO323804   CO325617   CO326222   CO328015   CO328633   CO343201   CO344355   CZ476017   EC060254   EC064824   EC067622   EC075889   EC076444   EC077959   EC085294   EC198968   EC210541   EC218313   EC221153   EC223921   EC226729   EC235195   EC238501   EC243438   EC246600   EC254277   EC257674   EC264582   EL874932   EL874933   EL875044   EL875045   GH943529   GH944800   GH946197   GH953811   GH956192   GH964804   GH976424   GH978678   GH981283   U55776 AAC47406   U88664 AAB53271   U88665 AAB53272
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P91645
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q59E51 Q59E53 Q59E50 Q59E52 Q8MRR4 E1JJM2
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Smith et al., 1996) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic central brain glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval nervous system   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage     (Smith et al., 1996) larval stage     (Smith et al., 1996) pupal stage     (Smith et al., 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
epitope tag Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference third instar larval stage   NMJ bouton   (Furuse and Tsukita, 2006) motor neuron   • presynaptic active zone (Furuse and Tsukita, 2006) adult stage   indirect flight muscle motor neuron   • presynaptic active zone (Furuse and Tsukita, 2006) indirect flight muscle motor neuron   • neuromuscular junction (Furuse and Tsukita, 2006)
Additional Descriptive Data
	cac protein is localized to the presynaptic active zone in both larval and adult neuromuscular junctions. (Furuse and Tsukita, 2006)
Marker for
	presynaptic active zone
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
apical plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (MacPherson et al., 2001) basolateral plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (MacPherson et al., 2001) presynaptic active zone inferred from direct assay (Kawasaki et al., 2004)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    21 central nervous system, pupae P8    166 head, virgin 1-day female    29 head, virgin 4-day female    32 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    25 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    48 head, mated 4-day male    49 head, mated 20-day male    40 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    21 central nervous system, pupae P8  (166) head, virgin 1-day female  (29) head, virgin 4-day female  (32) head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female  (30) head, mated 4-day female    25 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male  (48) head, mated 4-day male  (49) head, mated 20-day male  (40) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    21 central nervous system, pupae P8  (166) head, virgin 1-day female    29 head, virgin 4-day female    32 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    25 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    48 head, mated 4-day male    49 head, mated 20-day male    40 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    21 central nervous system, pupae P8    166 head, virgin 1-day female    29 head, virgin 4-day female    32 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    25 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    48 head, mated 4-day male    49 head, mated 20-day male    40 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    21 central nervous system, pupae P8    166 head, virgin 1-day female    29 head, virgin 4-day female    32 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    25 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    48 head, mated 4-day male    49 head, mated 20-day male    40 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    21 central nervous system, pupae P8  (166) head, virgin 1-day female  29 head, virgin 4-day female  32 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female  30 head, mated 4-day female    25 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male  (48) head, mated 4-day male  (49) head, mated 20-day male  (40) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    21 central nervous system, pupae P8  (166) head, virgin 1-day female    29 head, virgin 4-day female    32 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    25 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    48 head, mated 4-day male    49 head, mated 20-day male    40 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    21 central nervous system, pupae P8    166 head, virgin 1-day female    29 head, virgin 4-day female    32 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    25 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    48 head, mated 4-day male    49 head, mated 20-day male    40 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    7 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    7 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    7 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    7 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    7 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    7 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    7 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    4 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    7 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    3 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    6 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    8 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    8 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS    33 ovary OSC    18 ovary OSS    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    3 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    6 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    8 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    8 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS  (33) ovary OSC    18 ovary OSS    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    3 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    6 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    8 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    8 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS    33 ovary OSC    18 ovary OSS    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    3 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    6 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    8 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    8 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS    33 ovary OSC    18 ovary OSS    15 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    3 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    6 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    8 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    8 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS    33 ovary OSC    18 ovary OSS    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    3 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    6 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    8 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    8 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS  (33) ovary OSC    18 ovary OSS    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    3 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    6 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    8 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    8 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS    33 ovary OSC    18 ovary OSS    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    3 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    6 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    8 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    8 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS    33 ovary OSC    18 ovary OSS    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • GH02471
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | embryonic stage cacdsRNA.cRa lethal | embryonic stage | recessive cacL13 lethal | late embryonic stage cac20-3 cacHC129 lethal | recessive cac4-92 cac5-8 cac9-78 cac20-3 cac20-195 cac325 cacA78 cacA97 cacA101 cacC155 cacDA600 cacDC752 cacEA80 cacEA121 cacEC252 cacEC276 cacHC129 cacHC146 cacHC268 cacL-6 cacL-10 cacL13 cacL-20 cacL-24 cacN66 cacRF23 cacRF56 cacVA47 cacVA226 cacVE870 viable cacEE171 cacH18 cacP73 cacS viable, with Dcr-2Scer\UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4e22c, Scer\GAL4sqh.PW cacGD3326 cacKK101478 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 cacGD3326 viable | reduced (with cac20-3) cacNT27 viable | reduced (with cacNT27) cac20-3 Other Phenotypes Allele bang sensitive cacTS2 behavior defective | recessive cac1 behavior defective | recessive | heat sensitive cacS cacTS2 courtship behavior defective cacTS2 courtship behavior defective | male | recessive cac1 courtship behavior defective | recessive cac1 cac5-8 cac20-3 cac325 cacC155 cacDA600 cacDC752 cacEC252 cacEE171 flight defective, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu cacGD3326 flightless (with cac20-3) cacNT27 flightless (with cacNT27) cac20-3 hypoactive | heat sensitive cacTS2 locomotor behavior defective | heat sensitive cacTS2 locomotor behavior defective | recessive | heat sensitive cac1 mating defective cacS neuroanatomy defective cacdsRNA.cRa cacS cacTS2 neuroanatomy defective (with cacNT27) cacS neuroanatomy defective (with cacS) cacNT27 neuroanatomy defective | larval stage cacNT27 neuroanatomy defective | larval stage (with cac20-3) cacNT27 neuroanatomy defective | larval stage (with cacNT27) cac20-3 neurophysiology defective cacNT27 cacS cacTS3 neurophysiology defective, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 cacGD3326 neurophysiology defective (with cac20-3) cacNT27 neurophysiology defective (with cacNT27) cac20-3 neurophysiology defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4D42, Scer\GAL80Cha.PK cacGD3326 neurophysiology defective | adult stage | heat sensitive cacNT27 neurophysiology defective | dominant cacS neurophysiology defective | embryonic stage cac20-3 neurophysiology defective | heat sensitive cacE(TS2)1 cacTS2 neurophysiology defective | temperature conditional cacTS2 optomotor response defective | recessive cacEE171 cacH18 cacL-6 cacL-10 cacL13 cacL-20 cacP73 paralytic | heat sensitive cacE(TS2)1 cacNT27 cacTS2 cacTS3 cacTS4 cacTS5 paralytic | heat sensitive (with cacE(TS2)1) cacTS2 paralytic | heat sensitive (with cacsu(TS2)1) cacTS2 paralytic | heat sensitive (with cacsu(TS2)2) cacTS2 paralytic | heat sensitive (with cacTS2) cacE(TS2)1 cacsu(TS2)1 cacsu(TS2)2 paralytic | recessive | heat sensitive cac1 cacS cacTS2 phototaxis defective | recessive cacH18 cacL-6 cacL-10 cacL13 cacL-20 cacP73 short lived (with cac20-3) cacNT27 short lived (with cacNT27) cac20-3 song defective cac1 cacHC129 cacL13 cacRF23 song defective | heat sensitive cacTS2 song defective | recessive cac1 cac5-8 cac20-3 cac325 cacC155 cacDA600 cacDC752 cacEC252 cacL-6 cacL-10 cacL13 cacL-20 cacL-24 cacP73 cacS uncoordinated (with cac20-3) cacNT27 uncoordinated (with cacNT27) cac20-3 uncoordinated | recessive | heat sensitive cacS cacTS2 visual behavior defective cacDA600 cacDC752 cacEC252 visual behavior defective | recessive cacEE171 cacH18 cacH47 cacL-6 cacL-10 cacL13 cacL-20 cacP73 cacS Phenotype manifest in Allele bouton cacdsRNA.cRa bouton | larval stage cacNT27 bouton | larval stage (with cac20-3) cacNT27 bouton | larval stage (with cacNT27) cac20-3 dorsal medial muscle & synapse cacS dorsal medial muscle & synapse (with cacL13) cacTS2 dorsal medial muscle & synapse (with cacTS2) cacL13 dorsal medial muscle & synapse (with Df(1)KA10) cacTS2 dorsal medial muscle & synapse | conditional ts cacTS2 dorsal medial muscle | heat sensitive cacE(TS2)1 indirect flight muscle motor neuron MN5, with Scer\GAL4D42, Scer\GAL80Cha.PK cacGD3326 indirect flight muscle motor neuron MN5 | heat sensitive cacNT27 intracoxal lateral levator muscle & synapse | conditional ts cacTS2 neuromuscular junction | heat sensitive cacTS2 neuromuscular junction | larval stage cacNT27 neuromuscular junction | larval stage (with cac20-3) cacNT27 neuromuscular junction | larval stage (with cacNT27) cac20-3 NMJ bouton cacTS2 NMJ bouton | supernumerary cacS NMJ bouton | supernumerary (with cacNT27) cacS NMJ bouton | supernumerary (with cacS) cacNT27 retina cacP73 cacL-6 cacL-20 cacL13 cacL-10 cacH18 cacEE171 retina | adult stage cacH47 synapse cac20-3 wing, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu cacGD3326
Classical Alleles ( 50 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of cac Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion cacHF368 2 Yes cacd07974 P-element activity 1 -- cacf07462 1 -- cacH18 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes cacHC129 loss of function allele X ray 1 -- cacMB06176 1 -- cacMI02836 1 -- cac1 heat sensitive loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cac20-195 spontaneous 0 -- cac20-3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes cac325 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cac4-92 spontaneous 0 -- cac5-8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cac9-78 spontaneous 0 -- cacA101 X ray 0 Yes cacA78 X ray 0 Yes cacA97 X ray 0 -- cacC155 X ray 0 -- cacDA600 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cacDC752 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cacE(TS2)1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes cacEA121 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cacEA80 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cacEC252 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cacEC276 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cacEE171 0 Yes cacH47 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cacHC146 X ray 0 -- cacHC268 X ray 0 -- cacL-10 0 -- cacL-20 0 -- cacL-24 0 Yes cacL-6 0 -- cacL13 X ray 0 -- cacMB01181 0 -- cacN66 X ray 0 Yes cacNT27 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes cacP73 0 Yes cacRF23 X ray 0 -- cacRF56 X ray 0 -- cacS 0 Yes cacsu(TS2)1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes cacsu(TS2)2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes cacTS2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes cacTS3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cacTS4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cacTS5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cacVA226 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cacVA47 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- cacVE870 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of cac Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion cacScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 3 Yes cacGD3326 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes cacJF02572 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes cacKK101478 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes cacdsRNA.cRa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes cacScer\UAS.cKa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes cacScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Duplicated in	Dp(1;2)v+65b (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987, Eeken et al., 1985, Rieckhof et al., 2003) Dp(1;3)DC131 (Venken et al., 2009, Popodi et al., 2010-, Venken et al., 2010) Dp(1;3)v+74c (Eeken et al., 1985, Kulkarni and Hall, 1987)
Disrupted in	Df(1)Exel6243 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(1)HF368 (Eeken et al., 1985, Konrad et al., 1998, Smith et al., 1996, Kulkarni and Hall, 1987) Df(1)KA6 (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987) Df(1)KA10 (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987, Kawasaki et al., 2000) Df(1)m13 (Konrad et al., 1998, Kulkarni and Hall, 1987) Df(1)N105 (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987) Df(1)RC29 (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987, Smith et al., 1998, Konrad et al., 1988, Konrad et al., 1998) In(1)A78 (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987, Konrad et al., 1988, Smith et al., 1996) In(1)A97 (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987) In(1)N66 (Smith et al., 1996, Kulkarni and Hall, 1987, Konrad et al., 1988) Tp(1;1)A101 (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987, Konrad et al., 1988, Homyk and Pye, 1989, Smith et al., 1996)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)N71 (Eeken et al., 1985) Df(1)v-L3 (Eeken et al., 1985) Df(1)v-L4 (Eeken et al., 1985) Df(1)v-L15 (Eeken et al., 1985) T(1;2)GEM224 (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987)
Not duplicated in	Dp(1;2)v+63i (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987, Eeken et al., 1985) Dp(1;2)v+75d (Eeken et al., 1985) Dp(1;Y)v+y+ (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987) Dp(1;Y)y+v+#3 (Eeken et al., 1985, Kulkarni and Hall, 1987)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD3326} NA P{KK101478} NA P{TRiP.JF02572} NA P{UAS-cac1-EGFP} NA P{UAS-Cac.GFP} NA P{UAS-cac.K} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{XP}cacd07974 NA miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}cacMI02836 NA PBac{WH}cacf07462 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}cacMB01181 No Mi{ET1}cacMB06176 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 23 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 18 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
high voltage-gated calcium channel activity inferred from mutant phenotype (Ryglewski et al., 2012) low voltage-gated calcium channel activity inferred from mutant phenotype (Ryglewski et al., 2012) voltage-gated calcium channel activity inferred from direct assay (Gu et al., 2009) inferred from mutant phenotype (Kawasaki et al., 2002, Macleod et al., 2006)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
adult locomotory behavior inferred from genetic interaction with comt (Dellinger et al., 2000) inferred from mutant phenotype (Peixoto and Hall, 1998) calcium ion transport inferred from mutant phenotype (Macleod et al., 2006) courtship behavior inferred from mutant phenotype (Bernstein et al., 1992) detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception inferred from mutant phenotype (Smith et al., 1998) epithelial fluid transport inferred from direct assay AND inferred from expression pattern (MacPherson et al., 2001) exocytosis inferred from mutant phenotype (Kuromi et al., 2004) male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production inferred from mutant phenotype (Smith et al., 1998, Peixoto and Hall, 1998) neurotransmitter secretion inferred from mutant phenotype (Kawasaki et al., 2000) positive regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction inferred from mutant phenotype (Rieckhof et al., 2003) regulation of heart rate inferred from mutant phenotype (Ray and Dowse, 2005) regulation of neurotransmitter secretion inferred from genetic interaction with Exn, GluRIIA (Frank et al., 2009) synaptic transmission inferred from direct assay (Kawasaki et al., 2004) inferred from mutant phenotype (Macleod et al., 2006)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
apical plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (MacPherson et al., 2001) basolateral plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (MacPherson et al., 2001) presynaptic active zone inferred from direct assay (Kawasaki et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 9 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
calcium ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011992 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) voltage-gated calcium channel activity non-traceable author statement (Littleton and Ganetzky, 2000, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1998.2.1)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
calcium ion transmembrane transport inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002077, InterPro:IPR005446 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) calcium ion transport non-traceable author statement (Littleton and Ganetzky, 2000, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1998.2.1) courtship behavior non-traceable author statement (Sokolowski, 2001) male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production non-traceable author statement (Sokolowski, 2001) traceable author statement (Greenspan and Ferveur, 2000) phototransduction non-traceable author statement (Sokolowski, 2001) visual behavior non-traceable author statement (Sokolowski, 2001)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
voltage-gated calcium channel complex inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002077 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) non-traceable author statement (Littleton and Ganetzky, 2000, MacPherson et al., 2001, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1998.2.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene_with_edited_transcript (Graveley et al., 2011) nuclear_gene (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2009) protein_coding_gene (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2009)
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions cac allele Gene References cac1 mle (Peixoto and Hall, 1998) cacS comt (Dellinger et al., 2000) cacTS2 comt (Dellinger et al., 1999, Dellinger et al., 2000) E(TS2)2 (Brooks et al., 2003) unspecified comt (Chan et al., 2002)
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0263111
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (83) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG618C6N Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG61NTTZ Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6612ZR Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6QRFJV Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6DG2F3
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG618C6N)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\cac     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM13236 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG18816 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE17580 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF21581 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL15847     Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK24986 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ18738 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI14769     Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI14770     Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH11826 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG61NTTZ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL004222   Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL004201   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP002578   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP002577   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ005102
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6612ZR)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB51897   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG003644   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH24832   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH24829   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP12534   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP12558   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO23444   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL23514   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH25948   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB26656   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV15447   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI005426   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA007897   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM447690   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC011226   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC011227
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6QRFJV)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_333049
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6DG2F3)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\unc-2 Y Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\egl-19 Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_007770gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_011692gn Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\si:ch73-289n4.1 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\OTTDARG00000032100 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\cacna1ab Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\cacna1aa Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\cacna1da Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\cacna1f Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\cacna1ba Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\cacna1r Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\cacna1sa Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\cacna1c Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000037904 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\cacna1sb Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\si:ch211-241e1.2 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ENSXETG00000031848 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\cacna1e Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\cacna1s Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ENSXETG00000033323 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\cacna1d Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\cacna1f Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ENSXETG00000033434 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\cacna1a Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\CACNA1B Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ENSGALG00000000730 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ENSGALG00000013022 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\CACNA1D Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\CACNA1E Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Cacna1s Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Cacna1c Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Cacna1e Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Cacna1a Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Cacna1f Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\ENSMUSG00000015968 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Cacna1b Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Cacna1a Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Cacna1d Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Cacna1e Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Cacna1c Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Cacna1f Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Cacna1b Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\CACNA1D Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000141837 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\CACNA1C Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000198216 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\CACNA1B Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\CACNA1S Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\CACNA1F Y
Human Orthologs (7)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\CACNA1D     Hsap\ENSG00000141837     Hsap\CACNA1C     Hsap\ENSG00000198216     Hsap\CACNA1B     Hsap\CACNA1S     Hsap\CACNA1F
AAA Orthologs (7) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM13236 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG18816 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE17580 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF21581 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK24986 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ18738 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH11826
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 14 )
Bloomington	42245 cacH18 8581 w*; P{UAS-cac1-EGFP}786C 8582 w*; P{UAS-cac1-EGFP}422A 965 Df(1)HF368, cacHF368/FM7c 27742 w1118 Mi{ET1}cacMB06176 27244 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02572}attP2 36149 y1 w* Mi{MIC}cacMI02836
Harvard	- P{XP}cacd07974 - PBac{WH}cacf07462
Kyoto	106146 Df(1)HF368, cacHF368/FM7c
VDRC	v104168 P{KK101478}VIE-260B v5551 w1118; P{GD3326}v5551/CyO
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR12H01 BACR42F07 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 65 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH02471 IP14892
Other clones	IP15192
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH17808 GH20252 HL01128 HL01140 HL05404 RH47814
Other clones	2322 28574 34173 37977 52641 64280 65112 69505 83785 101640 104532 158646 161064 161384 211042.2 214403.11 214437.11 522818 CK01.60B.F3 CK01.167B.H4 EK063422 EK102247 EK105401 EK136248 EK141507 EK149110 EK150833 EK168629 EK173820 EK189861 EK191530 EK196934 EK217003 EK218417 EK228514 EK229210 EK261823 EK265830 EK291038 EN02837 EP03455 EP08428 EP16306 EP19119 IP14992 IP15092 RP004083563 RP004123864 RP004222777 RP004233329 RP004237672 RP004249932 RP004257296 RP004319661 RP004499548 SD02821
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 32158
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: cac CG1522 (Zheng, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: cac CG15928 (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2011)
Additional comments	Annotations CG1522 and CG15928 merged as CG43368 in release 5.36 of the genome annotation. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2011) "E(TS2)22" has not been separated from "cacTS2" in meiotic mapping experiments examining more than 1000 recombinant chromosomes. It is either an intragenic mutation in "cac" or is within a closely linked gene. (Brooks et al., 2003)
Other Comments
	Annotation CG15928 restored in release 5.15 of the genome annotation. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2009) Hypomorphic mutations in cac result in defects at the mature larval neuromuscular junction; there is a decrease in both synaptic terminal branching and varicosity number. This reduced synapse proliferation is not due to increased synapse retraction. These mutants do not show defects in neuromuscular junction morphology at the late embryonic stage. (Rieckhof et al., 2003) Annotation CG15928 eliminated in release 3 of the genome annotation, October 2002. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003) The cac gene product, an α1-subunit of the L-type calcium channel, plays a role in epithelial fluid transport, in a distinct calcium entry mechanism mediated by CAP2b, cGMP and thapsigargin. (MacPherson et al., 2001) The cac Ca channels mediate multiple, separable biological functions. These correlate in part with transcript diversity generated by alternative splicing. (Smith et al., 1998) Mutants exhibit defective courtship song. (Bernstein et al., 1992) Light-on and light-off transient spikes of electroretinogram are reduced in amplitude, and possibly absent in mutants. The prolonged depolarization after potential (PDA) is also abnormal. (Homyk and Pye, 1989) Aberrant intervals between song pulses were observed in cac mutant and cac, nonA double mutant songs. (Wheeler et al., 1989) Complementation patterns for cac mutants are complex, tests are carried out in diplo-X individuals transformed into phenotypic males by tra mutants. (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987) cac mutants show complex complementation patterns and interactions. Courtship song is polycyclic in cac mutants, yet courtship hums and wing beats are normal suggesting a specific role of 'cac' in the neural program underlying a feature of wing vibrations. In 'slow phototaxis/Y-tube' tests (using ordinary white fluorescent light), mutant adults were extremely subnormal and in fact preferred the dark-arm of the Y. (Kulkarni and Hall, 1987) Mutants show weak orientation to spots in Y-maze test. (Bulthoff, 1982) Light-on and light-off transient spikes of electroretinogram are reduced in amplitude, and possibly absent in mutants. (Heisenberg, 1979) Mutants require higher than normal light-intensity thresholds for optomotor or phototactic responses. More specifically, high-acuity optomotor responses (ability to respond to relatively narrow moving stripes) are relatively normal, but high-sensitivity flies (ability to respond to moving stimuli in dim light conditions) are impaired, hence, a 'night-blind' phenotype. (Heisenberg and Gotz, 1975)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078578 NM_206693 NM_206694 NM_206695 NM_206696 NM_206697 NM_001014732 NM_001014733 NM_001014734 NM_001014735 NM_001258707 NM_001258708 NM_001258709 NM_001258710 NM_001272548 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_511133 NP_996416 NP_996417 NP_996418 NP_996419 NP_996420 NP_001014732 NP_001014733 NP_001014734 NP_001014735 NP_001245636 NP_001245637 NP_001245638 NP_001245639 NP_001259477 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAB53271 AAB53272 AAC47406 AAF48120 AAF48120.2 AAM50113 AAS65322 AAS65322.1 AAS65323 AAS65323.1 AAS65324 AAS65324.1 AAS65325 AAS65325.1 AAS65326 AAS65326.1 AAX52486 AAX52487 AAX52488 AAX52489 ACZ95263 AFH07350 AFH07351 AFH07352 AFH07353 AGB95320 AI063049 AJ569760 AJ569761 AJ569762 AJ569763 AJ569764 AJ569766 AJ569767 AJ569768 AJ569769 AJ569770 AJ569771 AJ569772 AJ569773 AJ569774 AJ569775 AJ569777 AJ569778 AJ569779 AJ569780 AJ569781 AJ569782 AJ569783 AJ569784 AJ569785 AW940097 AY119459 CZ476017 U55776 U88664 U88665 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 32158 8674038 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P91645 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • E1JJM2 Q8MRR4 Q59E50 Q59E51 Q59E52 Q59E53
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Voltage-dependent potassium channel, four helix bundle domain (IPR027359) EF-hand domain (IPR002048) Voltage-dependent calcium channel, alpha-1 subunit, IQ domain (IPR014873) Voltage-dependent calcium channel, alpha-1 subunit (IPR002077) Ion transport domain (IPR005821) Voltage-dependent calcium channel, L-type, alpha-1 subunit (IPR005446) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • GH02471
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0263111 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 32158
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 39 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	13 (Schalet, 1986, Lefevre and Watkins, 1986, Lefevre, 1981) CaV2.1 (Frank et al., 2009) CAC (Miśkiewicz et al., 2011) cac (Hazelett et al., 2012, Carrillo et al., 2010, Lutas et al., 2012, Hallermann et al., 2010, Ryglewski et al., 2012, Ellis and Carney, 2011, Tsurudome et al., 2010, Kurshan et al., 2009, Dickman et al., 2008, Hall, 2002, Ray and Dowse, 2005, Wang et al., 2004, Ly et al., 2008, Kawasaki and Ordway, 2009, Dietzl et al., 2007, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Huang et al., 2006, Long et al., 2008, Peng and Wu, 2007, Peng et al., 2007, Frank et al., 2009, Gu et al., 2009, Macleod et al., 2006, Perkins et al., 2009.8.10, Philipps et al., 2004, Dason et al., 2009, Frank et al., 2006, Dickman and Davis, 2009, Venken et al., 2009, Popodi et al., 2010-, Wu et al., 2005, Hou et al., 2008, Worrell and Levine, 2008, Zou et al., 2008, Repnikova et al., 2010, Seong et al., 2011, Kawasaki et al., 2011, Gleason, 2005, Kuromi et al., 2010, Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Venken et al., 2010, Savva et al., 2012, Senthilan et al., 2012, Müller and Davis, 2012, Felix et al., 2012) Cac (Yuan et al., 2011, Fouquet et al., 2009, Graf et al., 2009, Li et al., 2007, Liu et al., 2011) cac1 (Kawasaki and Ordway, 2009) Ca-α1A   CG1522 (Ellis and Carney, 2011, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Philipps et al., 2004, Tsubouchi et al., 2012) CG15928 (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2009, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2011) CG43368 (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2011) Dmca1A (Ryglewski et al., 2012, Kurshan et al., 2009, Gerber and Keller, 2001, Ma et al., 2001, Rieckhof et al., 2003, Gallo et al., 2002, Rieckhof et al., 2001, MacPherson et al., 2001, Greenspan and Ferveur, 2000, Jeziorski et al., 2000, Littleton and Ganetzky, 2000, Smith, 1996.4.19, Hall et al., 1998, Peixoto et al., 1997, Smith et al., 1996, Romero et al., 2008, Worrell and Levine, 2008) Dmcα1A (Rubin et al., 2000) EE171   H18   H47   L13 (Konrad et al., 1988) l(1)11Aa   l(1)13 (Konrad et al., 1998) l(1)L13 (Smith et al., 1996, Kulkarni and Hall, 1987, Venken et al., 2009, Kawasaki and Ordway, 2009) ldg   nbA (Hall and Xu, 2005, Whitfield et al., 2002, MacPherson et al., 2001, Bulthoff, 1982, Bulthoff, 1982, Heisenberg, 1979, Heisenberg and Gotz, 1975, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) nonB (Pak, 1975, ) opm18   opm47   P18   unnamed (Greenberg, 1990) α1A (Jeziorski et al., 2000)
Name Synonym	Cacaphony (Yuan et al., 2011) cacaphony (Hall, 2002, Ray and Dowse, 2005) cacophany (Savva et al., 2012) cacophony (Carrillo et al., 2010, Hallermann et al., 2010, Tsurudome et al., 2010, Kurshan et al., 2009, Lins et al., 2002, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Huang et al., 2006, Long et al., 2008, Peng and Wu, 2007, Ly et al., 2008, Frank et al., 2009, Qian and Bodmer, 2009, Dason et al., 2009, Frank et al., 2006, Dickman and Davis, 2009, Kawasaki and Ordway, 2009, Wu et al., 2005, Hou et al., 2008, Worrell and Levine, 2008, Zou et al., 2008, Lee and Wu, 2010, Gleason, 2005, Kuromi et al., 2010, Dalton et al., 2010, Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Müller and Davis, 2012) Cacophony (Graf et al., 2012, Driscoll and Gerstbrein, 2003, Kittel et al., 2006, Ly et al., 2008, Gu et al., 2009, Graf et al., 2009, Li et al., 2007, Johnson et al., 2009, Yuan et al., 2011, Liu et al., 2011) Calcium channel α1 subunit, type A   lamina-degeneration   lethal(1)11Aa   nightblind (Kueppers et al., 2003) nightblind A   night blind A (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) no-on-transient B
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0000249 FBgn0001518 FBgn0001754 FBgn0002923 FBgn0002958 FBgn0005430 FBgn0005563 FBgn0020500 FBgn0025106 FBgn0040856
References ( 173 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 173 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 106 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 21 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 13 ) Abstract  ( 11 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 6 ) Letter  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Thesis  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 15 )
	Felix et al., 2012, Genetics 191(3): 989--1002 Age-Specific Variation in Immune Response in Drosophila melanogaster Has a Genetic Basis. [FBrf0218944] Graf et al., 2012, J. Neurosci. 32(47): 16586--16596 RIM Promotes Calcium Channel Accumulation at Active Zones of the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction. [FBrf0220028] Hazelett et al., 2012, G3 (Bethesda) 2(7): 789--802 Comparison of Parallel High-Throughput RNA Sequencing Between Knockout of TDP-43 and Its Overexpression Reveals Primarily Nonreciprocal and Nonoverlapping Gene Expression Changes in the Central Nervous System of Drosophila. [FBrf0219102] Lagisz et al., 2012, Heredity 108(6): 602--608 Two distinct genomic regions, harbouring the period and fruitless genes, affect male courtship song in Drosophila montana. [FBrf0218390] Lutas et al., 2012, G3 (Bethesda) 2(1): 59--69 Genetic analysis in Drosophila reveals a role for the mitochondrial protein p32 in synaptic transmission. [FBrf0217628] Müller and Davis, 2012, Curr. Biol. 22(12): 1102--1108 Transsynaptic control of presynaptic ca(2+) influx achieves homeostatic potentiation of neurotransmitter release. [FBrf0218654] Ryglewski et al., 2012, J. Physiol. 590(4): 809--825 Cav2 channels mediate low and high voltage-activated calcium currents in Drosophila motoneurons. [FBrf0217496] Savva et al., 2012, Nat. Commun. 3: 790 Auto-regulatory RNA editing fine-tunes mRNA re-coding and complex behaviour in Drosophila. [FBrf0218141] Senthilan et al., 2012, Cell 150(5): 1042--1054 Drosophila auditory organ genes and genetic hearing defects. [FBrf0219321] Ellis and Carney, 2011, Genetics 187(1): 157--169 Socially-Responsive Gene Expression in Male Drosophila melanogaster Is Influenced by the Sex of the Interacting Partner. [FBrf0212780] Kawasaki et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(25): E222--E229 The DISABLED protein functions in CLATHRIN-mediated synaptic vesicle endocytosis and exoendocytic coupling at the active zone. [FBrf0213990] Liu et al., 2011, Science 334(6062): 1565--1569 RIM-binding protein, a central part of the active zone, is essential for neurotransmitter release. [FBrf0216992] Miśkiewicz et al., 2011, Neuron 72(5): 776--788 ELP3 Controls Active Zone Morphology by Acetylating the ELKS Family Member Bruchpilot. [FBrf0216903] Seong et al., 2011, Biogerontology 12(2): 93--107 Genome-wide analysis of low-dose irradiated male Drosophila melanogaster with extended longevity. [FBrf0213307] Yuan et al., 2011, Science 333(6048): 1458--1462 Light-induced structural and functional plasticity in Drosophila larval visual system. [FBrf0215276] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews ( 1 )
	Broadie et al., 2011, Dev. Neurobiol. 71(11): 1102--1130 Extracellular matrix and its receptors in drosophila neural development. [FBrf0216377] Show all reviews ...