FB2021_02, released April 13, 2021

Gene: Dmel\tx

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\tx
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
taxi
Annotation Symbol
CG5441
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0263118
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
26 publicly available
Gene Summary
taxi (tx) encodes a transcription factor that affects cell adhesion by regulating the expression of mys. It is involved in the development of multiple organs and cell-types including tendon cells, chordotonal organs and the wing. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

dei, delilah, del

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
97B2-97F9
Sequence location
3R:26,440,778..26,448,991 [+]
Recombination map
3-91
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:26440778..26448991
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (14 terms)
Molecular Function (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables bHLH transcription factor binding
inferred from direct assay
(Armand et al., 1994)
contributes_to E-box binding
inferred from direct assay
(Armand et al., 1994)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:da; FB:FBgn0267821
(Armand et al., 1994)
inferred by curator from GO:0043425,GO:0070888
(Armand et al., 1994)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001454287
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables protein dimerization activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011598, InterPro:IPR036638
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001454287
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell adhesion mediated by integrin
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Egoz-Matia et al., 2011)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Egoz-Matia et al., 2011)
involved_in mesoderm development
inferred from expression pattern
(Furlong et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in muscle attachment
traceable author statement
(Furlong et al., 2001)
involved_in neuron differentiation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001454287
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001454287
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:da; FB:FBgn0267821
(Armand et al., 1994)
involved_in somatic muscle development
traceable author statement
(Furlong et al., 2001)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001454287
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
taxi (tx) encodes a transcription factor that affects cell adhesion by regulating the expression of mys. It is involved in the development of multiple organs and cell-types including tendon cells, chordotonal organs and the wing. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription. They are characterized by a 60 amino acid region comprising a basic DNA binding domain followed by a HLH motif formed from two amphipathic α-helices connected by a loop. bHLH transcription factors form homo- and hetero-dimeric complexes, which bind to a E box consensus sequence. (Adapted from PMID:15186484).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Probably plays an important role in the differentiation of epidermal cells into the tendon cells that form the attachment sites for all muscles.
(UniProt, P41894)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
tx: taxi (J.C. Hall)
thumb
tx: taxi
From Collins, 1928, Am. Naturalist 62: 127-36.
Wings held out at about 75 from body axis, often arched or wavy, somewhat narrow and dusky. Unable to fly because of shape and posture of wings. RK2.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\tx for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
tx-RA
FBtr0085009
NM_079792
1652
384
tx-RB
FBtr0339598
NM_001300614
2411
384
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
tx-PA
FBpp0084381
41.5
384
6.19
NP_524516
AAF56590
tx-PB
FBpp0308670
41.5
384
6.19
NP_001287543
AHN57542
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

384 aa isoforms: tx-PA, tx-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein, possibly with da.

(UniProt, P41894)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\tx using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
longitudinal visceral muscle primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
somatic muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visceral muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 12 -- 17
tendon cell
(Armand et al., 1994)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic dorsal apodeme
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic ventral apodeme
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval muscle system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval somatic muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval visceral muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 16 -- 17
tendon cell of pharyngeal muscle

Comment: Reference states 14-18 hr AEL

(Armand et al., 1994)
prepupal stage P2
wing cell | subset
(Egoz-Matia et al., 2011)
pupal stage P5 -- P7
wing cell
(Egoz-Matia et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data

tx transcripts are not observed in third instar larval wing disc immediately after pupariation but are observed in wing discs 2 hr APF. They are observed in a spatially restricted pattern that probalby corresponds to certain intervein regions. No expression is observed in the dorso-ventral wing margin or in the hinge region. At 18 hr APF the expression expands to the entire prospective intervein domain, in both the dorsal and ventral wing layers. Expression remains restricted to the intervein domain and excluded from the forming veins at 30-35 hr APF. tx transcripts accumulate at higher levels in the vein/intervein border cells.

(Egoz-Matia et al., 2011)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
pupal stage P7
wing cell
(Egoz-Matia et al., 2011)
external sensory organ of anterior wing margin
(Egoz-Matia et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data

tx protein expression is observed in the entire intervein domain and excluded from the forming veins at 30-35 hr APF. tx protein accumulates at higher levels in the vein/intervein border cells and in cells of sensory organs of the anterior wing margin.

(Egoz-Matia et al., 2011)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\tx in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 12 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of tx
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of tx
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 18 )
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (6)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\ATOH1
2 of 15
Yes
No
1  
Hsap\ATOH7
2 of 15
Yes
No
Hsap\MESP1
2 of 15
Yes
No
Hsap\MSGN1
2 of 15
Yes
No
Hsap\MESP2
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TCF3
1 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (8)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Atoh1
2 of 15
Yes
No
3  
Mmus\Atoh7
2 of 15
Yes
No
1  
Mmus\Mesp2
2 of 15
Yes
No
Mmus\Msgn1
2 of 15
Yes
No
Mmus\Mesp1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Olig1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Olig2
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Olig3
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)
Rnor\Atoh1
2 of 13
Yes
No
Rnor\Atoh7
2 of 13
Yes
No
Rnor\Mesp2
2 of 13
Yes
No
Rnor\Msgn1
2 of 13
Yes
No
Rnor\Mesp1
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (5)
Xtro\atoh1
2 of 12
Yes
No
Xtro\atoh7
2 of 12
Yes
No
Xtro\mespa
2 of 12
Yes
No
Xtro\msgn1
2 of 12
Yes
No
Xtro\mespb
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (8)
Drer\atoh1a
2 of 15
Yes
No
Drer\atoh1b
2 of 15
Yes
No
Drer\atoh1c
2 of 15
Yes
No
Drer\atoh7
2 of 15
Yes
No
Drer\mespaa
2 of 15
Yes
No
Drer\mespba
2 of 15
Yes
No
Drer\mespab
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\msgn1
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\lin-32
2 of 15
Yes
No
Cele\ngn-1
1 of 15
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190EDF )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD21279
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM10319
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG11475
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE23667
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF20734
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA18883
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL21846
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK13968
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ23868
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI22620
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH19416
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091508K5 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17009677
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY011878
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_00335
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes005689
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL007779
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP003876
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ009017
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0FEE )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_09680
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_02733
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\GLEAN_07598
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\GLEAN_07594
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC001712
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC001273
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC002728
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC002736
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC002733
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI001969
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_09565
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_09564
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0FE0 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR004847
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (7)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
amos
2 of 10
ato
2 of 10
cato
2 of 10
dimm
1 of 10
net
1 of 10
Oli
1 of 10
tap
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
    Select Layout:
    Legend:
    Protein
    RNA
    Selected Interactor(s)
    Interactions Browser
    View in Interactions Browser
    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    tx - CG17568
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    tx - da
    two hybrid
    (Georgias et al., 1997)
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    View in Interactions Browser
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    bs
    enhanceable
    tx
    (Egoz-Matia et al., 2011)
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein, possibly with da.
    (UniProt, P41894 )
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-91
    Cytogenetic map
    97B2-97F9
    Sequence location
    3R:26,440,778..26,448,991 [+]
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    97B2-97F9
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)rQ197rQ197 and P{lacW}scribj7B3; Left limit from recombination mapping relative to asp (FBrf0049898) Right limit from recombination mapping relative to l(3)mbt (FBrf0058988)
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    97B-97B
    (Armand, 1994.5.31)
    97B-97B
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Armand et al., 1994)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-91

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-87.9

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (26)
    Genomic Clones (12)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (23)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal

      (Egoz-Matia et al., 2011)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Other Information
      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database identify of
      Source for database merge of

      Source for merge of: tx dei

      (Egoz-Matia et al., 2011)
      Additional comments
      Other Comments

      ChEST reveals this is a target of Mef2.

      (Junion et al., 2005)

      dei is expressed in muscle attachment cells and expression is temporally correlated with the positions of muscle attachment. dei expression is not induced by muscle attachment.

      (Armand et al., 1994)

      Phenotypic variation of the genetic components underlying oviposition behaviour is analysed using the complete diallel mating design.

      (Ruiz-Dubreuil and del Solar, 1993)
      Origin and Etymology
      Discoverer
      Etymology
      Identification
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 29 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      Linkouts
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      References (110)