FB2020_06, released Dec 22, 2020

Gene: Dmel\Acn

Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Acn
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Acinus
Annotation Symbol
CG10473
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0263198
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
9 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
Acinus (Acn) encodes nuclear protein that, together with the products of a Bin1 and RnpS1, forms the ASAP complex that contributes to the regulation of alternative splicing. The Acn protein also functions in basal, starvation-independent autophagy. [Date last reviewed: 2019-05-16]
Other Summaries
Also Known As

hkl, hook-like, l(2)37Ba, Ba

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
37B11-37B10
Sequence location
2L:19,045,355..19,048,817 [+]
Recombination map

2-54

RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:19045355..19048817
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:cass; FB:FBgn0286781
(Rigou et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables nucleic acid binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000504
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in negative regulation of transposition, DNA-mediated
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hayashi et al., 2014)
involved_in regulation of autophagy
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nandi et al., 2014, Haberman et al., 2010)
involved_in RNA splicing
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hayashi et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
inferred by curator from GO:0071011,GO:0071013
(Herold et al., 2009)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of catalytic step 2 spliceosome
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Herold et al., 2009)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Haberman et al., 2010)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Haberman et al., 2010)
part_of precatalytic spliceosome
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Herold et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
l(2)37Ba
Variably late lethal; death occurs at larval [l(2)37Ba2], or pupal [l(2)37Ba2, l(2)37Ba4, l(2)37Ba8, l(2)37Ba9] stage with pharate adults; l(2)37Ba2 produces some adults, which are male sterile or female sterile; l(2)37Ba4 produces many adults, which are male or female sterile; l(2)37Bfs1 is a normally viable, female-sterile allele. Melanotic tumors noted in l(2)37Ba4 and l(2)37Ba8; pharate adults display incompletely developed abdominal cuticle in l(2)37Ba2, l(2)37Ba4, and l(2)37Ba8 (Wright, 1987, Adv. Genet. 24: 127-222).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Acn for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene
gene_with_edited_transcript
(Graveley et al., 2011)
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Acn-RA
FBtr0081145
NM_136091
2884
739
Acn-RB
FBtr0081144
NM_165273
2513
739
Acn-RC
FBtr0336842
NM_001273627
3153
739
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Acn-PA
FBpp0080689
83.7
739
6.66
NP_609935
AAF53746
Acn-PB
FBpp0080688
83.7
739
6.66
NP_724153
AAN11023
Acn-PC
FBpp0307803
83.7
739
6.66
NP_001260556
AGB93091
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

739 aa isoforms: Acn-PA, Acn-PB, Acn-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Acn using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
ommatidial precursor cluster
• nucleus
(Haberman et al., 2010)
morphogenetic furrow
(Haberman et al., 2010)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of catalytic step 2 spliceosome
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Herold et al., 2009)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Haberman et al., 2010)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Haberman et al., 2010)
part_of precatalytic spliceosome
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Herold et al., 2009)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Acn in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 18 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 31 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Acn
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Acn
Deletions and Duplications ( 26 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
lethal (with Acn1)
lethal (with Acn27)
lethal (with Df(2L)TW130)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage
partially lethal, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Sterility
Allele
female fertile, with Scer\GAL4nos.PG
female sterile
female sterile, with Scer\GAL4nos.PG
female sterile, with Scer\GAL4VP16.otu
female sterile | recessive
male sterile
male sterile | recessive
Other Phenotypes
Allele
eye color defective | somatic clone
flightless, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
long lived
melanotic mass phenotype
some die during pharate adult stage
starvation stress response defective
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult cuticle & abdomen
autophagosome
cuticle & abdomen & pharate adult
embryonic/larval fat body, with Scer\GAL4Lsp2.PH
embryonic/larval fat body (with Acn1)
embryonic/larval fat body (with Acn27)
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye | somatic clone
eye photoreceptor cell | somatic clone
melanotic mass
ommatidium | somatic clone
pigment cell | somatic clone
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\ACIN1
10 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\KIAA0754
1 of 15
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Acin1
10 of 15
Yes
Yes
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Acin1
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Safb
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\acin1
6 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\rsf1
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\acin1b
8 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\acin1a
5 of 15
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\acin-1
11 of 15
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\AT4G39680
5 of 9
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091905YX )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00001245
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD24176
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM17317
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG21152
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE13225
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF14693
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA10336
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL18912
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK24166
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ11614
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI13075
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH10892
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150AAO )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17013377
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY002287
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_02936
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes009025
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL012111
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL014071
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC007593
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP009237
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ004841
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0F7H )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA006178
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS214130-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL011367
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\3566228964
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\LOC100578161
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP24452
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15212024
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH16116
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH16111
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:00073b
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG002862
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC014271
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM463890
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC009186
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC007092
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI005631
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_02877
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0F73 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR015310
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW004423
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM74689.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur21g02200
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_259237
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0MO8 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Acin1l
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Acin1
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000023453
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)
No records found.
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    ACIN1; apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer 1
    10 of 15
    604562
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        esyN Network Key:
        Suppression
        Enhancement
        View in Interactions Browser
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Acn
        enhanceable
        Akt1
        (Nandi et al., 2014)
        Acn
        suppressible
        Atg1
        (Nandi et al., 2014)
        Acn
        suppressible
        Atg5
        (Haberman et al., 2010)
        Acn
        suppressible
        Atg7
        (Nandi et al., 2014)
        Acn
        enhanceable
        Dcp-1
        (Nandi et al., 2014)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Dcp-1
        suppressible
        Acn
        (Nandi et al., 2014)
        Egfr
        suppressible
        Acn
        (Haberman et al., 2010)
        N
        enhanceable
        Acn
        (Haberman et al., 2010)
        Pten
        suppressible
        Acn
        (Haberman et al., 2010)
        Tor
        suppressible
        Acn
        (Haberman et al., 2010)
        External Data
        Linkouts
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        External Data
        Linkouts
        KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        2L
        Recombination map

        2-54

        Cytogenetic map
        37B11-37B10
        Sequence location
        2L:19,045,355..19,048,817 [+]
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        37B11-37B10
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)37Dbk16106&P{lacW}Catsupk05424 and P{lacW}Ddck02104; Left limit from non-inclusion within Df(2L)TW203 (FBrf0044480) Right limit from inclusion within Df(2L)OD15 (FBrf0044480)
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        2-54

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        2-53.6

        (Comeron et al., 2012)

        2-53.9

        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (9)
        Genomic Clones (21)
        cDNA Clones (148)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           

          polyclonal

          (Nandi et al., 2017, Haberman et al., 2010)
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Other Information
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: hkl CG10473

          (Haberman, 2007.2.26)
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: l(2)37Ba CG10473

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Additional comments
          Other Comments

          Acn is inactivated by cleavage at aspartate[527].

          (Nandi et al., 2014)

          Mutants show a mild reduction in eye colour and a reduction in trafficking of proteins to lysosomes.

          (Haberman and Krämer, 2007)

          Located between coordinates -72.3 and -68.1.

          (Stathakis et al., 1995)

          Variably late lethal; death occurs at larval l(2)37Ba<up>2</up>, or pupal <up>l(2)37Ba2, l(2)37Ba4, l(2)37Ba8, l(2)37Ba9</up> stage with pharate adults; l(2)37Ba2 produces some adults, which are male sterile or female sterile; l(2)37Ba4 produces many adults, which are male or female sterile; l(2)37Bafs1 is a normally viable, female-sterile allele. Melanotic tumors noted in l(2)37Ba4 and l(2)37Ba8; pharate adults display incompletely developed abdominal cuticle in l(2)37Ba2, l(2)37Ba4 and l(2)37Ba8 (Wright, 1987).

          Origin and Etymology
          Discoverer
          Etymology

          The gene is named based on its homology to mammalian "Acinus".

          (Haberman et al., 2010)
          Identification
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 36 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          Linkouts
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (15)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          References (76)