FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\Myo10A
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Myo10A
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Myosin 10A
Annotation Symbol
CG43657
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0263705
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Enzyme Name (EC)
myosin ATPase (5.6.1.8)
Gene Summary
Myosin 10A (Myo10A) encodes an unconventional myosin of the MyTH-FERM superclass that traffics sensory, cytoskeletal, and adhesion cargos. It is required during dorsal closure for proper epithelial alignment and for zippering and fusion of the two epithelial sheets. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

Myosin XV

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-33
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:10930840..10964046
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (17 terms)
Molecular Function (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Hsp26; FB:FBgn0001225
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:crp; FB:FBgn0001994
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:shg; FB:FBgn0003391
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:αTub84D; FB:FBgn0003885
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:RpL23; FB:FBgn0010078
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:smg; FB:FBgn0016070
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Cpsf160; FB:FBgn0024698
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:inc; FB:FBgn0025394
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Bap60; FB:FBgn0025463
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Eb1; FB:FBgn0027066
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Kap-α3; FB:FBgn0027338
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:CG2258; FB:FBgn0029997
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:ENGase; FB:FBgn0030839
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Socs16D; FB:FBgn0030869
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:CG2765; FB:FBgn0035087
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:CG18135; FB:FBgn0036837
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Fip1; FB:FBgn0037255
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:CG6834; FB:FBgn0037935
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:RpL34a; FB:FBgn0039406
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Kat60; FB:FBgn0040208
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Nedd4; FB:FBgn0259174
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:aPKC; FB:FBgn0261854
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:milt; FB:FBgn0262872
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:tgo; FB:FBgn0264075
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:elgi; FB:FBgn0283649
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000320364
enables ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001609
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001609
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000320364
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in dorsal closure
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000320364
Cellular Component (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in filopodium
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in actin cytoskeleton
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000320364
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002662420
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000320364
located_in cytoskeleton
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000299, InterPro:IPR000857
is_active_in membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000320364
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001609
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
microfilament motor activity
ATP + H2O + myosin bound to actin filament at position(n) = ADP + phosphate + myosin bound to actin filament at position(n+1) (5.6.1.8)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Myosin 10A (Myo10A) encodes an unconventional myosin of the MyTH-FERM superclass that traffics sensory, cytoskeletal, and adhesion cargos. It is required during dorsal closure for proper epithelial alignment and for zippering and fusion of the two epithelial sheets. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
MYOSIN MOTORS -
Myosin motors are motor proteins that use the hydrolysis of ATP to drive movement along actin filaments. They can be divided into two groups: conventional myosins (myosin II) are involved in generating the mechanical force for muscle contraction; unconventional myosins (all other classes) are involved in processes such as cell motility, cytokinesis and trafficking. (Adapted from FBrf0134714.)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

cytoskeletal motor protein required during dorsal closure for the correct alignment of cells on opposing sides of the fusing epithelial sheets and for adhesion of the cells during the final zippering/fusion phase

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
4
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Myo10A for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q0KHU0)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.42

merge of CG16922 and Myo10A

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0310333
10362
3054
FBtr0310334
10635
3145
FBtr0310332
5244
1069
FBtr0346278
10459
3054
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0302016
339.2
3054
8.19
FBpp0302017
349.4
3145
8.47
FBpp0302015
119.7
1069
6.41
FBpp0312035
339.2
3054
8.19
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

3054 aa isoforms: Myo10A-PC, Myo10A-PF
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Myo10A using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.79

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in filopodium
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Myo10A in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 8 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Myo10A
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Myo10A
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 10 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (46)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1  
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
0  
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2  
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
0  
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (38)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (42)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (31)
4 of 13
Yes
Yes
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (61)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (22)
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (16)
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (28)
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (6)
3 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (8)
3 of 12
Yes
No
3 of 12
Yes
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Myo10A. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (16)
6 of 13
6 of 13
6 of 13
4 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    Select Layout:
    Legend:
    Protein
    RNA
    Selected Interactor(s)
    Other Interaction Browsers

    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Other Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    X
    Recombination map
    1-33
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    9F12-9F13
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1321EP1321&P{EP}CG2061EP1537 and P{EP}CG11756EP1610
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Cytogenetic location of 10A1--10A2 based on known data for C901, v and sev, previous data described in FBrf0073632, and comparison with the physical map (Release 5.8).
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (19)
    Genomic Clones (18)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (17)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              Embryos injected with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene exhibit misaligned stripes and delayed or incomplete dorsal hole closure. 68% of embryos show abnormal constriction of the leading edge cells in opposing segments; these embryos progress slowly and fail to close. The leading edge cells are missing filopodia in embryos of this phenotype. Embryos injected with Myo10A dsRNA that show proper epithelial matching exhibit an intermediate phenotype and have lamellipodia-like extensions instead of filopodia at their leading edge. Additionally, embryos injected with Myo10A dsRNA show disruptions to both actin and microtubule cytoskeletal organization, with disruptions being particularly severe near the leading edge.

              dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

              dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation.

              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of

              Source for merge of: Myo10A CG2136

              Source for merge of: Myo10A CG16922

              Additional comments

              Annotations CG2174 and CG16922 merged as CG43657 in release 5.42 of the genome annotation.

              Merge supported by RNA-seq junction and RNA-seq expression data.

              Annotations CG2174 and CG2136 merged as CG2174 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

              Source for identity of Myo10A CG2174 was sequence comparison ( date:020316 ).

              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of

              Source for identity of: Myo10A CG2174

              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 58 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              References (75)