FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\Ada2a
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Ada2a
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
transcriptional Adaptor 2a
Annotation Symbol
CG43663
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0263738
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Gene Summary
GCN5-independent Polr2D complexes are highly enriched in decondensed chromosome puffs so may play a role in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. (UniProt, Q7KSD8)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

dAda2a

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
90F10-90F11
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-62
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:18252843..18255487
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:O76216
(Muratoglu et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables chromatin binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000271860
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables transcription coactivator activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000271860
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016827
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables zinc ion binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000433
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chromatin remodeling
inferred from direct assay
(Suganuma et al., 2008)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from direct assay
(Kusch et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chromatin remodeling
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000271860
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000271860
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016827
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of ATAC complex
inferred from direct assay
(Suganuma et al., 2012, Guelman et al., 2006, Kusch et al., 2003)
located_in euchromatin
inferred from direct assay
(Kusch et al., 2003)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Kusch et al., 2003, Muratoglu et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000271860
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of SAGA-type complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000271862
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ATAC COMPLEX -
The Ada2a-containing (ATAC) complex is a metazoan histone acetyltransferase complex. It positively regulates gene transcription and, although it does not have any intrinsic remodeling activity, facilitates nucleosome sliding of ISWI and SWI-SNF families of chromatin-remodeling complexes. (Adapted from FBrf0204126).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
GCN5-independent Polr2D complexes are highly enriched in decondensed chromosome puffs so may play a role in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription.
(UniProt, Q7KSD8)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
4

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Ada2a for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q7KSD8)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Genes with CDS overlap: Rpb4 and Ada2a share promoter, first exon and N-terminal coding sequences (21 residues); overlapping structure not conserved outside of insects (see FBrf0209781).

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Ada2a-RA
FBtr0310380
NM_001014635
2400
547
Ada2a-RB
FBtr0310381
NM_001014636
2445
562
Ada2a-RC
FBtr0310382
NM_001014637
2340
527
Ada2a-RE
FBtr0310383
NM_001014634
2385
542
Ada2a-RG
FBtr0310384
NM_001170174
2158
527
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Ada2a-PA
FBpp0302531
64.0
547
8.14
NP_001014635
AAN13767
Ada2a-PB
FBpp0302532
65.6
562
8.11
Q7KSD8
NP_001014636
AAS65168
Ada2a-PC
FBpp0302533
61.7
527
8.17
E1JIP2
NP_001014637
AAX52962
Ada2a-PE
FBpp0302534
63.4
542
8.14
NP_001014634
AAX52963
Ada2a-PG
FBpp0302535
61.7
527
8.17
E1JIP2
NP_001163645
ACZ94941
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

527 aa isoforms: Ada2a-PC, Ada2a-PG
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Pcaf/GCN5 as part of a GCN5-containing ADA (GNAT) multiprotein complex (PubMed:12482983, PubMed:12697829). Component of the Ada2a-containing (ATAC) complex composed of at least Ada2a, Atac1, Hcf, Ada3, Gcn5, Mocs2B, Charac-14, Atac3, Atac2, NC2beta and wds (PubMed:18327268).

(UniProt, Q7KSD8)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Ada2a using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.66

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of ATAC complex
inferred from direct assay
(Suganuma et al., 2012, Guelman et al., 2006, Kusch et al., 2003)
located_in euchromatin
inferred from direct assay
(Kusch et al., 2003)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Kusch et al., 2003, Muratoglu et al., 2003)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Ada2a in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Ada2a
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Ada2a
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene partially disrupted in
Df(3R)d189
(Komonyi et al., 2005)
Inferred from location ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
Hsap\TADA2A
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\TADA2B
7 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DTNA
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Tada2a
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Tada2b
7 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Tada2a
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Tada2b
6 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)
Xtro\tada2a
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\espn
5 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\tada2b
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\celf5
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\tada2a
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\tada2b
7 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\ada-2
4 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\sqst-5
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003109
3 of 12
Yes
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)
Atha\ADA2B
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\ADA2A
9 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G09450
1 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)
Scer\ADA2
8 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\FUN19
2 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\YOR338W
2 of 13
No
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
Spom\ada2
8 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\laf1
1 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\laf2
1 of 12
No
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Ada2a. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
Ada2b
7 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    TADA2A; transcriptional adaptor 2A
    13 of 14
    602276
        TADA2B; transcriptional adaptor 2B
        7 of 14
        608790
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            esyN Network Diagram
            Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
            Show/hide secondary interactors 
            (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
            Select Layout:
            Legend:
            Protein
            RNA
            Selected Interactor(s)
            Other Interaction Browsers
            View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
            Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
            protein-protein
            Physical Interaction
            Assay
            References
            Ada2a - Ada2b
            anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
            (Lebedeva et al., 2004, Muratoglu et al., 2003)
            Ada2a - Ada3
            anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, molecular sieving, two hybrid
            (Suganuma et al., 2012, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008, Ciurciu et al., 2006, Guelman et al., 2006, Kusch et al., 2003)
            Ada2a - Atac1
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, ion exchange chromatography, molecular sieving, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation
            (Suganuma et al., 2012, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008, Guelman et al., 2006)
            Ada2a - Atac2
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, molecular sieving, western blot
            (Suganuma et al., 2012, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
            Ada2a - Atac3
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, molecular sieving
            (Suganuma et al., 2012, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
            Ada2a - Chrac-14
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, molecular sieving
            (Suganuma et al., 2012, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
            Ada2a - D12
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, molecular sieving, western blot
            (Suganuma et al., 2012, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
            Ada2a - Gcn5
            anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, molecular sieving, ion exchange chromatography
            (Suganuma et al., 2012, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008, Ciurciu et al., 2006, Guelman et al., 2006, Lebedeva et al., 2004, Kusch et al., 2003, Muratoglu et al., 2003)
            Ada2a - Hcf
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, molecular sieving, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, ion exchange chromatography
            (Suganuma et al., 2012, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008, Guelman et al., 2006)
            Ada2a - Mocs2B
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, molecular sieving, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation
            (Suganuma et al., 2012, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
            Ada2a - NC2β
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, molecular sieving, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Suganuma et al., 2012, Suganuma et al., 2008)
            Ada2a - Sgf29
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, molecular sieving, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Suganuma et al., 2012, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
            Ada2a - Taf9
            anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
            (Lebedeva et al., 2004, Muratoglu et al., 2003)
            Ada2a - Tbp
            anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
            (Lebedeva et al., 2004, Muratoglu et al., 2003)
            Ada2a - wds
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, molecular sieving
            (Suganuma et al., 2012, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            esyN Network Diagram
            Other Interaction Browsers
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            External Data
            Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
            Interacts with Pcaf/GCN5 as part of a GCN5-containing ADA (GNAT) multiprotein complex (PubMed:12482983, PubMed:12697829). Component of the Ada2a-containing (ATAC) complex composed of at least Ada2a, Atac1, Hcf, Ada3, Gcn5, Mocs2B, Charac-14, Atac3, Atac2, NC2beta and wds (PubMed:18327268).
            (UniProt, Q7KSD8 )
            Linkouts
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyBase
            External Links
            External Data
            Linkouts
            Class of Gene
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            3R
            Recombination map
            3-62
            Cytogenetic map
            90F10-90F11
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            90F10-90F11
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            3-62

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            3-61.9

            (Comeron et al., 2012)
            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (7)
            Genomic Clones (23)
            cDNA Clones (6)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               

              polyclonal

              (Kusch et al., 2003, Muratoglu et al., 2003)
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Cell Line Information
              Publicly Available Cell Lines
               
                Other Stable Cell Lines
                 
                  Other Comments
                  Relationship to Other Genes
                  Source for database merge of
                  Additional comments

                  Annotation CG33520 split into CG43662 (which corresponds to Rpb4) and CG43663 (which corresponds to Ada2a) in release 5.43 of the genome annotation.

                  (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2012)

                  Annotations CG31318 and CG31237 merged as CG33520 in release 4.1 of the genome annotation.

                  (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005)

                  The Rpb4 and Ada2a loci share a common first exon, which results in the Rpb4 and Ada2a proteins sharing 21 amino acid residues at their N-terminal end.

                  (Muratoglu et al., 2003)
                  Nomenclature History
                  Source for database identify of
                  Nomenclature comments
                  Etymology
                  Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)
                  Datasets (0)
                  Study focus (0)
                  Experimental Role
                  Project
                  Project Type
                  Title
                  Study result (0)
                  Result
                  Result Type
                  Title
                  External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 41 )
                  Sequence Crossreferences
                  NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                  GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                  GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                  RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                  UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                  UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                  UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                  Other crossreferences
                  AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                  BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                  DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                  EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                  FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                  InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                  KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                  MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                  Linkouts
                  Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                  FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                  iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                  MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  References (55)