FB2019_06, released Dec 19, 2019

Gene: Dmel\orb2

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\orb2
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
orb2
Annotation Symbol
CG43782
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0264307
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
13 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
In progress.Contributions welcome.
Other Summaries
Also Known As
Orb2A
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
66E4-66E4
Sequence location
3L:8,937,100..8,954,463 [-]
Recombination map
3-27
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Molecular Function (GO)
[Detailed GO annotations]
Experimental Evidence
mRNA 3'-UTR binding; protein binding; translation activator activity; translation repressor activity, mRNA regulatory element binding
Predictions / Assertions
mRNA 3'-UTR binding; mRNA binding; ribosome binding; RNA binding; translation factor activity, RNA binding; translation repressor activity, mRNA regulatory element binding
Summaries
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required in mushroom body gamma neurons for long-term memory in male courtship (PubMed:17965711, PubMed:23083740). Binds to mRNA 3'-UTRs (PubMed:20547833, PubMed:26638074, PubMed:24830287, PubMed:26095367). In its monomeric form, acts as a translational repressor of genes involved in neuronal growth, synapse formation and protein turnover (PubMed:20547833, PubMed:26638074). In its amyloid-like oligomeric form, acts as a translational activator (PubMed:26638074). The monomeric form reduces poly(A) tail length and destabilizes mRNA while the oligomeric form protects and elongates the poly(A) tail and stabilizes mRNA (PubMed:26638074). Isoform A is required for initial memory acquisition and, following subsequent late dopaminergic pathway activation, isoform A recruits isoform B into a complex to activate translation of CaMKII which is required for long-term memory consolidation (PubMed:26095367). Involved in asymmetric cell division in the central nervous system (PubMed:21900268). Required for the progression of spermatogenesis through meiosis and for sperm differentiation (PubMed:23209437). During sperm differentiation, required to asymmetrically localize and activate the translation of protein kinase aPKC mRNAs which is necessary for spermatid cyst polarization (PubMed:24830287). Also required during spermatid cyst polarization for localization and translation of its own mRNA (PubMed:24830287).
(UniProt, Q9VSR3)
Summary (Interactive Fly)
cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein - RNA binding protein - forms amyloid-like oligomers enriched in the synaptic membrane - critical for the persistence of long-term memory
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
7
Number of Unique Polypeptides
4

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\orb2 or the JBrowse view of Dmel\orb2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model
Gene model reviewed during 5.46
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Genes with CDS overlap: isoforms of orb2 and CG43783 share two different promoters, 5' UTR exons, and N-terminal coding sequences (162 residues); overlapping structure not conserved outside of Drosophila.
Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated
gene_with_stop_codon_read_through ; SO:0000697
Double stop-codon suppression (UAA, UAG) postulated; FBrf0234051 and FlyBase analysis.
Gene model reviewed during 6.25
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene_with_edited_transcript
(Graveley et al., 2011)
gene_with_stop_codon_read_through
(Jungreis et al., 2016)
nuclear_gene
(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2012)
protein_coding_gene
(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2012)
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
orb2-RA
FBtr0331511
NM_168302
2098
551
orb2-RB
FBtr0331512
NM_168301
3116
704
orb2-RC
FBtr0331513
NM_168300
4187
704
orb2-RD
FBtr0331514
NM_001274679
6425
704
orb2-RH
FBtr0331515
NM_140009
8400
704
orb2-RJ
FBtr0474158
NM_001370022
4187
769
orb2-RK
FBtr0474159
NM_001370023
4187
709
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
orb2-PA
FBpp0303901
59.7
551
7.74
NP_729429
AAF50352
orb2-PB
FBpp0303902
74.5
704
7.63
NP_729428
AAN11975
orb2-PC
FBpp0303903
74.5
704
7.63
NP_729427
AAF50351
orb2-PD
FBpp0303904
74.5
704
7.63
NP_001261608
AGB94303
orb2-PH
FBpp0303905
74.5
704
7.63
NP_648266
AAF50350
orb2-PJ
FBpp0423157
81.5
769
8.20
QCD26220
orb2-PK
FBpp0423158
75.2
709
7.98
QCD26221
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

704 aa isoforms: orb2-PB, orb2-PC, orb2-PD, orb2-PH
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
Monomer (PubMed:22284910, PubMed:23083740). Upon neuronal stimulation, forms stable amyloid-like oligomers composed of isoform A and isoform B which are required for formation of persistent long-term memory (PubMed:22284910, PubMed:23083740). Isoform A is critical for oligomer formation (PubMed:22284910, PubMed:23083740). Phe-5 of isoform A is required for amyloid-like oligomerization (PubMed:22284910, PubMed:26812143). Rapidly forms amyloids and toxic intermediates are extremely transient (PubMed:26812143). Interacts with the translational regulator bol (PubMed:23209437). Interacts with Tob; the interaction is enhanced by neuronal stimulation, stabilizes isoform A and induces oligomerization (PubMed:24523662).
(UniProt, Q9VSR3)
Post Translational Modification
Phosphorylation regulates interaction with Tob and oligomerization. Protein phosphatase 2A keeps both Orb2 and Tob in an unphosphorylated form. Following synaptic activation, unphosphorylated Orb2 is bound and stabilized by unphosphorylated Tob. Tob recruits activated LimK which phosphorylates both Orb2 and Tob and enhances Orb2 oligomerization.
(UniProt, Q9VSR3)
Domain
Isoform A: The N-terminal Gln/His-rich domain is necessary and sufficient for long-term memory and is required for formation of amyloid-like oligomers with isoform B (PubMed:17965711, PubMed:23083740). Isoform B: The N-terminal Gln/His-rich domain is both dispensable and insufficient for long-term memory and for formation of amyloid-like oligomers with isoform A (PubMed:23083740). Isoform A: The RNA-binding region is not essential for long-term memory. Isoform B: The RNA-binding region is essential for long-term memory.
(UniProt, Q9VSR3)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\orb2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Gene Ontology (29 terms)
Molecular Function (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
mRNA 3'-UTR binding
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2014, Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Khan et al., 2015)
protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VXJ9
(assigned by UniProt )
(White-Grindley et al., 2014)
translation activator activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Khan et al., 2015)
translation repressor activity, mRNA regulatory element binding
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Khan et al., 2015)
inferred from direct assay
(Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
mRNA 3'-UTR binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000286163
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
mRNA binding
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Lasko, 2000)
ribosome binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000286163
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
RNA binding
non-traceable author statement
(assigned by UniProt )
(Lasko, 2000)
inferred from sequence model
(Keleman et al., 2007)
translation factor activity, RNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000286163
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
translation repressor activity, mRNA regulatory element binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000286163
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (10 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
asymmetric cell division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hafer et al., 2011)
long-term memory
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Krüttner et al., 2015)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gill et al., 2017, Krüttner et al., 2012, Majumdar et al., 2012, Keleman et al., 2007)
male courtship behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Keleman et al., 2007)
male meiosis I
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Xu et al., 2012)
negative regulation of translation
inferred from direct assay
(Khan et al., 2015, Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
positive regulation of translation
inferred from direct assay
(Khan et al., 2015)
sperm axoneme assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Xu et al., 2012)
sperm individualization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Xu et al., 2012)
spermatogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Xu et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
negative regulation of cytoplasmic translation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000286163
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (11 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
axon terminus
inferred from direct assay
(Hafer et al., 2011)
cell body
inferred from direct assay
(Majumdar et al., 2012, Hafer et al., 2011)
cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2012)
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
cytosol
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
dendrite terminus
inferred from direct assay
(Hafer et al., 2011)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2012)
synapse
inferred from direct assay
(Majumdar et al., 2012)
synaptic membrane
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(White-Grindley et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000286163
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
messenger ribonucleoprotein complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000286163
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
neuron projection
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000286163
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000286163
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
synapse
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000286163
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain | restricted
(Keleman et al., 2007)
thoracico-abdominal ganglion | restricted
(Keleman et al., 2007)
adult mushroom body | restricted
(Keleman et al., 2007)
embryonic stage 4
organism | ubiquitous | uniform
(Hafer et al., 2011)
embryonic stage 4 -- 5
organism | ubiquitous | uniform
(Hafer et al., 2011)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
central nervous system
(Hafer et al., 2011)
oogenesis stage S1
germarium region 2 | faint
(Hafer et al., 2011)
oogenesis stage S2 -- S8
germline cell | faint
(Hafer et al., 2011)
oogenesis stage S8 -- S10
nurse cell
(Hafer et al., 2011)
spermatogenesis & adult stage | male
spermatocyte
(Xu et al., 2012)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 4 -- 9
organism

Comment: 2-4h AEL. Expression specific to orb2 isoforms orb2-RB,RC,RD.

(Hafer et al., 2011)
embryonic stage 12 -- 15
organism

Comment: 9-12h AEL. Expression specific to orb2 isoforms orb2-RB,RC,RD.

(Hafer et al., 2011)
embryonic stage 17
organism

Comment: 18-24h AEL. Expression specific to orb2 isoforms orb2-RB,RC,RD.

(Hafer et al., 2011)
adult stage
adult head

Comment: Expression specific to orb2 isoforms orb2-RB,RC,RD.

(Hafer et al., 2011)
ovary

Comment: Expression specific to orb2 isoforms orb2-RB,RC,RD.

(Hafer et al., 2011)
testis

Comment: Expression specific to orb2 isoforms orb2-RA,RB,RC,RD.

(Hafer et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
The transcript isoforms RB, RC and RD of orb2 are detected in embryos and in the head and gonads of adult flies. The isoform RA is only detected in the testis. In embryos, orb2 transcript is enriched in the central nervous system in the extended germ band stage. In the ovary, orb2 is weakly expressed in the cytoplasm of all germline cells in previtellogenic stage chambers. From oogenesis stages S8 to S10, orb2 transcript is expressed more strongly and excluded from the oocyte, unlike the orb2 protein.
(Hafer et al., 2011)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 4 -- 5
(Hafer et al., 2011)
embryonic stage 12
central nervous system
(Hafer et al., 2011)
peripheral nervous system
(Hafer et al., 2011)
mesoderm | restricted
(Hafer et al., 2011)
embryonic stage 11
ganglion mother cell GMC4-2a

Comment: 7h AEL

(Hafer et al., 2011)
embryonic stage 16
RP2 motor neuron

Comment: 15h AEL

(Hafer et al., 2011)
aCC neuron

Comment: 15h AEL

(Hafer et al., 2011)
pCC neuron

Comment: 15h AEL

(Hafer et al., 2011)
larval stage
neuron | subset of ventral nerve cord
(Hafer et al., 2011)
neuron | subset of embryonic/larval brain
(Hafer et al., 2011)
adult stage
ellipsoid body
(Hafer et al., 2011)
fan-shaped body
(Hafer et al., 2011)
adult brain | restricted
(Hafer et al., 2011)
oogenesis stage S2 -- S8
egg chamber
(Hafer et al., 2011)
oocyte | intense | posterior
(Hafer et al., 2011)
oogenesis stage S8 -- S10
nurse cell
(Hafer et al., 2011)
oocyte
(Hafer et al., 2011)
spermatogenesis
spermatid cyst
(Xu et al., 2014)
spermatogenesis & adult stage | male
spermatocyte
(Xu et al., 2012)
adult stage | male & spermatogenesis
spermatid
(Xu et al., 2012)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
unfertilized egg stage
organism

Comment: Polypeptides PB,PC,PD

(Hafer et al., 2011)
embryonic stage 1 -- 16
organism

Comment: 0-16h AEL. Expression specific to orb2 isoforms orb2-PB,PC,PD.

(Hafer et al., 2011)
adult stage
adult head

Comment: Expression specific to orb2 isoforms orb2-PB,PC,PD.

(Hafer et al., 2011)
organism | restricted

Comment: In body. Expression specific to orb2 isoforms orb2-PB,PC,PD.

(Hafer et al., 2011)
ovary | faint

Comment: Expression specific to orb2 isoforms orb2-PB,PC,PD.

(Hafer et al., 2011)
testis | intense

Comment: Expression specific to orb2 isoforms orb2-PA,PB,PC,PD.

(Hafer et al., 2011)
larval stage
organism | faint
(Hafer et al., 2011)
pupal stage
organism
(Hafer et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
As interconnected spermatocytes begin to grow, there is a substatial upregulation of orb2 mRNA and protein. orb2 expression peaks as the mature spermatocytes go through meiosis and high levels of orb2 are found in 32 and 64 cell spermatid cysts. In elongating spermatids, orb2 is distributed along the entire axoneme bundle. The highest concentrations are found in a prominent band close to the distal tip of the growing flagellar axonemes. In the region behind the band, orb2 is organized into a series of striated lines that extend towards the sperm nuclei at the proximal (basal) tip of the spermatid and presumably correspond to individual flagellar
(Xu et al., 2012)
axonemes in the spermatid bundle. orb2 disappears once elongation and nuclear condensation are completed.
(Xu et al., 2012)
orb2 protein is deposited maternally and expressed throughout embryogenesis with a decrease in expression between 4-8h AEL. Expression of orb2 protein is detected in the cell bodies of neurons in the CNS and PNS, being excluded from longitudinal and commissural axon tracts. orb2 protein labels the lineage of the Even-skipped positive neuroblast NB4-2. It also labels the cytoplasm of mesodermal cells, in which it co-localises with Scer\GAL4twi.PU. Western blot analysis indicates that in adults, the isoform orb2-PA is restricted to the testis, while the other isoforms orb2-PB,PC and PD are detected in ovaries and testis. orb2 protein is detected in the cell bodies of a subset of neurons in the larval brain and ventral nerve cord. In the adult, orb2 protein is expressed in the ellipsoid body, in two unindentified and symmetrical structures dorsal to the ellipsoid body, in an unpaired structure on the left hemisphere, lateral to the ellipsoid body and in the fan-shaped body. In adult neurons, orb2 protein seems to be localised to the synaptic terminals. In the ovaries, in previtellogenic stage chambers, orb2 protein is detected in all of the cells but enriched in a cap posterior to the oocyte. At oogenesis stages S8 to S10, orb2 protein is enriched in the cortex of the oocyte, similarly to orb protein. orb2 protein is expressed around the nucleus of the nurse cells, unlike the orb2 transcript. It is also detected in a gradient in the cytoplasm of the nurse cells, with expression being strongest in the most posterior cells (closest to the oocyte). orb2 protein is released from these cells into the oocyte via ring canals.
(Hafer et al., 2011)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
axon terminus
inferred from direct assay
(Hafer et al., 2011)
cell body
inferred from direct assay
(Majumdar et al., 2012, Hafer et al., 2011)
cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2012)
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
cytosol
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
dendrite terminus
inferred from direct assay
(Hafer et al., 2011)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2012)
synapse
inferred from direct assay
(Majumdar et al., 2012)
synaptic membrane
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(White-Grindley et al., 2014)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\orb2 in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 28 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 28 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of orb2
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of orb2
Deletions and Duplications ( 0 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal, with Scer\GAL4cb14
lethal, with Scer\GAL4cb36
lethal, with Scer\GAL4sca.PU
lethal (with orb2RBDΔAGFP)
lethal (with orb2ΔBGFP)
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4cb06
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4cb20
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4cb29
partially lethal - majority die (with Df(3L)ED4421)
partially lethal - majority die | embryonic stage
partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage
partially lethal - majority live
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable (with orb2RBDΔBGFP)
viable (with orb2Δ)
viable (with orb2ΔAGFP)
viable (with orb2ΔQ)
Sterility
Allele
male fertile
male fertile (with Df(3L)ED4416)
male semi-sterile
male semi-sterile (with Df(3L)ED4416)
male sterile (with Df(3L)ED4416)
semi-fertile, with Scer\GAL4cb09
Other Phenotypes
Allele
courtship behavior defective
courtship behavior defective (with orb2Δ80Q)
courtship behavior defective (with orb2Δ)
courtship behavior defective (with orb2ΔQ)
courtship behavior defective | adult stage
courtship behavior defective | adult stage (with orb2attP)
courtship behavior defective | adult stage (with orb2ΔAGFP)
courtship behavior defective | adult stage (with orb2ΔBGFP)
courtship behavior defective | adult stage (with orb2ΔQGFP)
courtship behavior defective | adult stage (with orb2ΔQΔAGFP)
courtship behavior defective | adult stage (with orb2ΔQΔBGFP)
courtship behavior defective | dominant
heat stress response defective | adult stage
learning defective | adult stage
learning defective | adult stage (with orb2attP)
learning defective | adult stage (with orb2ΔAGFP)
learning defective | adult stage (with orb2ΔBGFP)
learning defective | adult stage (with orb2ΔQGFP)
learning defective | adult stage (with orb2ΔQΔAGFP)
learning defective | adult stage (with orb2ΔQΔBGFP)
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage
meiotic cell cycle defective | male
memory defective
memory defective, with Scer\GAL4drl-PGAL8
memory defective, with Scer\GAL4drl-PGAL8, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
memory defective (with orb2Δ)
memory defective (with orb2ΔQ)
memory defective | adult stage, with orb2A.M51
memory defective | adult stage, with orb2Δ
memory defective | adult stage, with orb2ΔA.EGFP
memory defective | dominant
neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage
neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4cb43
neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4sca.PU
short lived
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
axoneme
mitotic spindle | embryonic stage
Nebenkern
neuroblast | embryonic stage
neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42
RP2 motor neuron | embryonic stage
RP2 motor neuron | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4cb43
RP2 motor neuron | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4sca.PU
spermatid
spermatid cyst
sperm individualization complex
synapse | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Homo sapiens (Human) (4)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\CPEB2
10 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\CPEB4
8 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\CPEB3
7 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\TEX2
4 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Cpeb2
10 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Cpeb3
8 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Cpeb4
8 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Tex2
5 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Cpeb1
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)
Rnor\Cpeb3
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Cpeb4
5 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Cpeb1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Cpeb2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Tex2
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\cpeb3
6 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\cpeb2
4 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\cpeb4
4 of 12
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (7)
Drer\cpeb4b
7 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\cpeb4b
6 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\cpeb2
5 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\cpeb3
5 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\tex2
5 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\tex2l
5 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\cpeb1a
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (5)
Cele\cpb-1
7 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\cpb-2
6 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\F55C12.5
5 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\fog-1
2 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\cpb-3
1 of 15
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)
Atha\AT1G17820
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT1G73200
1 of 9
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\NVJ2
1 of 15
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\SPBC23G7.06c
1 of 12
Yes
Yes
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091908HS )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly
Dmel\orb2
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00003792
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM24904
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE27361
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL20808
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK17460
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH16131
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091506VZ )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY010451
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes015529
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL012065
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC001193
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP002296
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ009440
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W072P )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA001827
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS204606-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL014405
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2168831476
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB49233
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP21633
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15207156
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH16705
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:00149b
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG015611
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_06700
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC031499
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM335520
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC001021
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC003734
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC006750
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI006748
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_18107
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X06XT )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR004137
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR004113
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW010113
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW023425
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM79351.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM80707.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM65740.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM79352.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur28g02090
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur17g03170
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_326182
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_308504
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0AO9 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Cpeb2
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Cpeb1
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000001633
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000001954
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\CPEB2
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\CPEB1
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\CPEB3
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\CPEB4
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
orb
2 of 10
CG43783
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    CPEB2; cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 2
    10 of 15
    610605
        CPEB4; cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4
        8 of 15
        610607
            CPEB3; cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 3
            7 of 15
            610606
                TEX2; testis expressed 2
                4 of 15
                    Functional Complementation Data
                    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                    Interactions
                    Summary of Physical Interactions
                    esyN Network Diagram
                    Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
                    Select Layout:
                    Legend:
                    Protein
                    RNA
                    Selected Interactor(s)
                    Interactions Browser
                    View in Interactions Browser
                    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
                    protein-protein
                    Physical Interaction
                    Assay
                    References
                    orb2
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, molecular weight estimation by staining, electron microscopy, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, solid phase assay, pull down, anti tag western blot, cosedimentation through density gradient, fluorescent resonance energy transfer, fluorescence microscopy
                    (Nil et al., 2019, Bajakian et al., 2017, Hervás et al., 2016, White-Grindley et al., 2014, Xu et al., 2014, Krüttner et al., 2012, Majumdar et al., 2012, Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - 4E-T
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
                    (White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - Abi
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
                    (White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - CG1316
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                    (Khan et al., 2015)
                    orb2 - CG13928
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
                    (Khan et al., 2015, White-Grindley et al., 2014, Majumdar et al., 2012)
                    orb2 - CG33098
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot
                    (White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - CG4612
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
                    (Khan et al., 2015, White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - CG8728
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                    (Khan et al., 2015)
                    orb2 - Cbp53E
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
                    (White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - Flo2
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
                    (White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - Hexo2
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
                    (White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - Hrb87F
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                    (Khan et al., 2015)
                    orb2 - Imp
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
                    (White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - LIMK1
                    enzymatic study, autoradiography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                    (White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - P32
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot
                    (White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - Pabp2
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
                    (Khan et al., 2015, White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - Rbp6
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot
                    (Khan et al., 2015, White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - RpL18
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                    (Khan et al., 2015)
                    orb2 - SmE
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                    (Khan et al., 2015)
                    orb2 - Syp
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
                    (White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - Tob
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, autoradiography
                    (White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - U2af50
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
                    (White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - bol
                    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                    (Xu et al., 2012)
                    orb2 - eIF3i
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot
                    (White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - fne
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                    (Khan et al., 2015)
                    orb2 - lig
                    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation
                    (Kimura et al., 2015)
                    orb2 - mts
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                    (White-Grindley et al., 2014)
                    orb2 - qkr54B
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                    (Khan et al., 2015)
                    orb2 - sky
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                    (Khan et al., 2015)
                    orb2 - smg
                    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation
                    (Khan et al., 2015, Majumdar et al., 2012)
                    orb2 - sqd
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                    (Khan et al., 2015, Majumdar et al., 2012)
                    orb2 - ssx
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                    (Khan et al., 2015)
                    orb2 - wupA
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                    (Khan et al., 2015)
                    RNA-protein
                    Physical Interaction
                    Assay
                    References
                    orb2
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, molecular weight estimation by staining, electron microscopy, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, solid phase assay, pull down, anti tag western blot, cosedimentation through density gradient, fluorescent resonance energy transfer, fluorescence microscopy
                    (Nil et al., 2019, Bajakian et al., 2017, Hervás et al., 2016, White-Grindley et al., 2014, Xu et al., 2014, Krüttner et al., 2012, Majumdar et al., 2012, Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - Act5C
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - CG12769
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - CG31300
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - CG4306
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - CG6891
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - Nepl18
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - Nlg2
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - Pka-R2
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - ReepA
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - Root
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - Rpn9
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - Rpt1
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - Rpt4
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - Uch
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - aPKC
                    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, pull down, western blot, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography
                    (Xu et al., 2014, Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - amn
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - bnl
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - brat
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - cDIP
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - capt
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - f-cup
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
                    (Xu et al., 2012)
                    orb2 - gkt
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - mura
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - nSyb
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - orb
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
                    (Xu et al., 2012)
                    orb2 - osk
                    pull down, anti tag western blot, western blot
                    (Hervás et al., 2016, Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - path
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - ps
                    electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, pull down, anti tag western blot
                    (Gill et al., 2017)
                    orb2 - sif
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - soti
                    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
                    (Xu et al., 2012)
                    orb2 - teq
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Khan et al., 2015, Majumdar et al., 2012, Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - unk
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    orb2 - wdb
                    pull down, western blot
                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                    Summary of Genetic Interactions
                    esyN Network Diagram
                    esyN Network Key:
                    Suppression
                    Enhancement
                    View in Interactions Browser
                    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                    Starting gene(s)
                    Interaction type
                    Interacting gene(s)
                    Reference
                    orb2
                    suppressible
                    brat
                    (Santana and Casas-Tintó, 2017)
                    Starting gene(s)
                    Interaction type
                    Interacting gene(s)
                    Reference
                    aPKC
                    enhanceable
                    orb2
                    (Xu et al., 2014)
                    brat
                    suppressible
                    orb2
                    (Santana and Casas-Tintó, 2017)
                    Fmr1
                    suppressible
                    orb2
                    (Cziko et al., 2009)
                    N
                    enhanceable
                    orb2
                    (Kankel et al., 2007)
                    orb2::Mmus\Cpeb2
                    suppressible
                    orb2
                    (Krüttner et al., 2012)
                    External Data
                    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
                    Monomer (PubMed:22284910, PubMed:23083740). Upon neuronal stimulation, forms stable amyloid-like oligomers composed of isoform A and isoform B which are required for formation of persistent long-term memory (PubMed:22284910, PubMed:23083740). Isoform A is critical for oligomer formation (PubMed:22284910, PubMed:23083740). Phe-5 of isoform A is required for amyloid-like oligomerization (PubMed:22284910, PubMed:26812143). Rapidly forms amyloids and toxic intermediates are extremely transient (PubMed:26812143). Interacts with the translational regulator bol (PubMed:23209437). Interacts with Tob; the interaction is enhanced by neuronal stimulation, stabilizes isoform A and induces oligomerization (PubMed:24523662).
                    (UniProt, Q9VSR3 )
                    Linkouts
                    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                    Pathways
                    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                    Metabolic Pathways
                    External Data
                    Linkouts
                    KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
                    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                    Chromosome (arm)
                    3L
                    Recombination map
                    3-27
                    Cytogenetic map
                    66E4-66E4
                    Sequence location
                    3L:8,937,100..8,954,463 [-]
                    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                    Cytogenetic map
                    Evidence for location
                    66E4-66E4
                    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0162901629&P{PZ}mRpL1210534 and P{EP}Hsp26EP3336&P{EP}Hsp26EP3315
                    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                    Cytogenetic map
                    Notes
                    References
                    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                    Location
                    3-27
                    (FlyBase, 2016)
                    3-21.3
                    (Comeron et al., 2012)
                    Left of (cM)
                    Right of (cM)
                    Notes
                    Stocks and Reagents
                    Stocks (13)
                    Genomic Clones (26)
                    cDNA Clones (216)
                     

                    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                    cDNA clones, fully sequences
                    BDGP DGC clones
                    Other clones
                      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                      BDGP DGC clones
                      Other clones
                      RNAi and Array Information
                      Linkouts
                      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
                      Antibody Information
                      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                       
                      polyclonal
                      (Gill et al., 2017, Hervás et al., 2016, Khan et al., 2015, White-Grindley et al., 2014, Majumdar et al., 2012)
                      monoclonal
                      (Hafer et al., 2011)
                      Commercially Available Antibodies
                       
                      Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
                      Other Information
                      Relationship to Other Genes
                      Source for database identify of
                      Source for identity of: orb2 CG5735
                      (Hafer, 2005.3.2)
                      Source for database merge of
                      Source for merge of: orb2 anon-WO0140519.222
                      (FlyBase, 1996-)
                      Source for merge of: orb2 CG5741
                      (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2010)
                      Additional comments
                      Annotation CG43113 split into CG43782 (corresponds to orb2) and CG43783 in release 5.45 of the genome annotation. CG43782 is a reinstatement of the CG5735 annotation and CG43783 is a reinstatement of the CG5741 annotation (CG5735 and CG5741 were merged in release 5.32 to produce CG43113).
                      (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2012)
                      Annotations CG43782 and CG43783 share some exons at the 5' end, including some coding sequence.
                      (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2012)
                      Annotations CG5735 and CG5741 merged as CG43113 in release 5.32 of the genome annotation.
                      (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2010)
                      Source for merge of orb2 anon-WO0140519.222 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).
                      (FlyBase, 1996-)
                      Other Comments
                      The orb2 protein has two distinct physical states: a monomer and an amyloid-like oligomer. The monomeric form represses translation, whereas the oligomeric form activates translation.
                      (Khan et al., 2015)
                      Origin and Etymology
                      Discoverer
                      Etymology
                      Identification
                      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 70 )
                      Sequence Crossreferences
                      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                      Other crossreferences
                      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
                      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                      Linkouts
                      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                      Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
                      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                      KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
                      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
                      Reported As
                      Symbol Synonym
                      CG43113
                      (Hafer et al., 2011, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2010)
                      CG43782
                      (Hosono et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Perkins et al., 2009)
                      CG5735
                      (White-Grindley et al., 2014, Krüttner et al., 2012, Montagne et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Stanyon et al., 2004, Giot et al., 2003)
                      Orb2
                      (Ehmann et al., 2018, Bajakian et al., 2017, Gill et al., 2017, Hervás et al., 2016, Schwartz et al., 2016, Si and Kandel, 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Androschuk et al., 2015, Khan et al., 2015, White-Grindley et al., 2014, Kelsom and Lu, 2012, Krüttner et al., 2012, Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010, Krüttner et al., 2007, Nurminsky, 2007)
                      Orb2A
                      (Nil et al., 2019, Gill et al., 2017)
                      Orb2B
                      (Gill et al., 2017)
                      anon-WO0140519.222
                      cg5735
                      (Lasko, 2000)
                      orb2
                      (Bozler et al., 2019, Sanguanini and Cattaneo, 2018, Barr et al., 2016, Jungreis et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2016, Kimura et al., 2015, Krüttner et al., 2015, Schweizer Burguete et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Xu et al., 2014, Li and Dubnau, 2012, Majumdar et al., 2012, Smibert et al., 2012, Winbush et al., 2012, Xu et al., 2012, Hafer et al., 2011, Kramer et al., 2011, Shieh and Bonini, 2011, Dalton et al., 2010, Montagne et al., 2010, Cziko et al., 2009, Bilen and Bonini, 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Hafer et al., 2007, Kankel et al., 2007, Keleman et al., 2007, Starck and Schäfer, 2007)
                      Name Synonyms
                      cg43782 gene product from transcript cg43782-rh
                      (Wang et al., 2016)
                      orb2
                      (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2010, Keleman et al., 2007)
                      Secondary FlyBase IDs
                      • FBgn0262573
                      • FBgn0035938
                      • FBgn0044649
                      • FBgn0264304
                      Datasets (0)
                      Study focus (0)
                      Experimental Role
                      Project
                      Project Type
                      Title
                      References (96)