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Gene Dmel\how

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\how	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	held out wings	Annotation symbol	CG10293
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0264491
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	27 publicly available
Also Known As	who, 24B, Who/How, qkr93F, l(3)j5B5
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-
Cytogenetic map	94A1-87F10	Sequence location	3R:17,867,913..17,905,043 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene held out wings is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\how (CG10293, FBgn0264491). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: mRNA 3'-UTR binding; mRNA binding. There is experimental evidence for 16 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: single-organism developmental process; biological regulation; localization; muscle cell differentiation; cellular component movement; system development; cellular component organization or biogenesis; post-embryonic organ morphogenesis; regulation of RNA splicing; regulation of multicellular organismal process; somatic muscle development; cellular ion homeostasis; regulation of developmental process; imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis; oenocyte development; multicellular organism reproduction. 60 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; multicellular structure; organ system subdivision; anatomical structure; portion of tissue; adult segment; cytoplasmic part; thoracic segment; multi-tissue structure; extended germ band embryo; sarcomere; spermatogonium; integumentary specialisation; peripheral nervous system. It has 6 annotated transcripts and 6 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: K Homology domain; K Homology domain, type 1. Gene sequence location is 3R:17867913..17905043.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 94A1-87F10   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}tsl00617 and P{lacW}howj5B5&P{EP}EP738; Left limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0099762) Right limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0099762)
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 93F-93F     (Zaffran, 1996.9.24) 93F-93F     (Fyrberg, 1997.1.24) 93F-93F     (Baehrecke, 1997.1.16) 94A1-94A2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 87F3-87F10   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) 87F3-87F10   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Deak et al., 1997) 93F-93F   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Fyrberg et al., 1997) 93F-93F     (Zaffran et al., 1997) 93F13-93F13   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Baehrecke, 1997) 93F-93F   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Zaffran et al., 1995) 94A1-94A2     (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3- (Prout et al., 1997, Fyrberg, 1997.1.24, Zaffran, 1996.9.24)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes	Located on 3R. (Prout et al., 1997)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\how for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.47 Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters. Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) how-RA FBtr0084177  NM_079723   3964   405 how-RB FBtr0084178  NM_169992   1759   375 how-RC FBtr0100514  NM_001032032   2181   380 how-RD FBtr0301401  NM_001170212   3884   405 how-RE FBtr0301402  NM_001170213   3103   404 how-RF FBtr0335195  NM_001275893   4003   418
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	4.5, 4.0, 3.5 (northern blot) (Fyrberg et al., 1997) 4.4, 3.6 (northern blot) (Zaffran et al., 1997) 4.0 (northern blot) (Baehrecke, 1997)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein how-PA   FBpp0083575   44.3   405   8.10     NP_524447   AAF55952 how-PB   FBpp0083576   40.9   375   6.96     NP_732695   AAN13901 how-PC   FBpp0099954   41.5   380   7.02     NP_001027203   AAZ52538 how-PD   FBpp0290615   44.3   405   8.10     NP_001163683   ACZ94979 how-PE   FBpp0290616   44.2   404   8.10     NP_001163684   ACZ94980 how-PF   FBpp0307182   45.6   418   8.00     NP_001262822   AGB96202
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	405 (aa) (Baehrecke, 1997) 404 (aa); 44 (kD predicted) (Zaffran et al., 1997) 404 (aa) (Fyrberg et al., 1997)
Comments	how protein binds homopolymeric RNA (poly(A)) in vitro. A mc-44A-epitope-tagged how protein expressed in HeLa cells migrates with a molecular mass of about 55 kD. (Di Fruscio et al., 1998)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • K Homology domain (IPR004087) K Homology domain, type 1 (IPR004088)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA202628   AA264357   AA264358   AA433220   AA438995   AA439173   AA439920   AA441326   AA441472   AA540522   AA978722   AE014297 AAF55952   AE014297 AAN13901   AE014297 AAZ52538   AE014297 ACZ94979   AE014297 ACZ94980   AF003106 AAB60946   AF003107 AAB60947   AE014297 AGB96202   AI124319   AI531312   AI543716   AQ034089   AQ254656   AW944646   AY069862 AAL40007   BG637907   BI162098   BI162099   BI162666   BI162936   BI164997   BI169166   BI169528   BI170209   BI213547   BI214837   BI216046   BI227725   BI228145   BI230763   BI230880   BI231106   BI231543   BI234550   BI235347   BI236531   BI241740   BI357510   BI361573   BI361752   BI361795   BI364074   BI367696   BI367767   BI367787   BI368105   BI369749   BI370131   BI371567   BI374829   BI376065   BI482954   BI485175   BI577744   BI580498   BI580777   BI633120   BP541105   BP548200   BQ103358   BQ103577   BT001500   BT033005   CL610235   CO178080   CO178316   CO178504   CO179341   CO179469   CO179525   CO185508   CO186000   CO186495   CO187173   CO188519   CO188545   CO196150   CO262583   CO262956   CO263437   CO264557   CO267097   CO267446   CO267465   CO267576   CO267964   CO269739   CO270216   CO271083   CO271093   CO271815   CO271837   CO272201   CO272725   CO272898   CO274793   CO274832   CO275706   CO277730   CO277842   CO277942   CO278322   CO278352   CO279830   CO280742   CO280826   CO280928   CO281097   CO281098   CO281746   CO281833   CO283161   CO283163   CO283801   CO284696   CO284729   CO284779   CO285270   CO285529   CO285833   CO286460   CO286805   CO287429   CO287430   CO288018   CO288793   CO289740   CO289968   CO290198   CO290204   CO290265   CO290270   CO290520   CO291436   CO293016   CO293319   CO293918   CO294230   CO294511   CO294993   CO295081   CO295103   CO295233   CO297435   CO297586   CO298437   CO299591   CO299657   CO299983   CO300358   CO301240   CO302936   CO302941   CO303366   CO303537   CO304867   CO305208   CO305637   CO306841   CO306903   CO309090   CO310682   CO310735   CO311456   CO311780   CO312132   CO313408   CO314802   CO316272   CO317172   CO317864   CO319640   CO319932   CO320004   CO321062   CO321852   CO322340   CO323016   CO325843   CO326093   CO328223   CO328707   CO329246   CO330279   CO330718   CO331003   CO331657   CO331676   CO332863   CO333244   CO333364   CO333561   CO340116   CO340358   CO340507   CO340779   CO340906   CO340908   CO341007   CO341065   CO341108   CO341235   CO341828   CO342480   CO342664   CO344417   CO345356   CO345454   CO345481   CZ466801   CZ466802   CZ468071   CZ468128   CZ468129   CZ468641   CZ472959   CZ475335   CZ480601   CZ480602   CZ484224   CZ484225   CZ489514   CZ489515   CZ489701   CZ489702   CZ490057   DN154258   DN154287   DN154348   EC056673   EC056896   EC058458   EC058506   EC058704   EC061119   EC061927   EC061939   EC062792   EC062875   EC063523   EC065964   EC066055   EC068222   EC068223   EC068488   EC070345   EC070349   EC070378   EC070680   EC071890   EC072520   EC072616   EC074381   EC075584   EC075627   EC077386   EC077783   EC078065   EC080412   EC081092   EC081417   EC081501   EC083400   EC084139   EC084389   EC084599   EC085213   EC085316   EC085620   EC194748   EC195325   EC196364   EC196534   EC196889   EC196935   EC197852   EC198205   EC199818   EC200939   EC202965   EC203166   EC204183   EC204204   EC204407   EC207763   EC210525   EC210996   EC211156   EC211284   EC213237   EC213732   EC213978   EC214465   EC214694   EC215326   EC216014   EC216239   EC216721   EC218024   EC218122   EC218604   EC219304   EC219528   EC220475   EC220732   EC221264   EC221485   EC224514   EC224684   EC225462   EC226185   EC226314   EC226902   EC227731   EC228007   EC228123   EC230414   EC230675   EC230756   EC231320   EC232286   EC232643   EC232832   EC232957   EC233676   EC233869   EC234856   EC236060   EC236629   EC237705   EC239846   EC241091   EC241760   EC245722   EC246100   EC246569   EC247366   EC249790   EC250294   EC250440   EC250457   EC250766   EC250852   EC250882   EC251485   EC253171   EC253433   EC254367   EC255891   EC255916   EC256443   EC256447   EC256525   EC257267   EC257536   EC257740   EC258219   EC259061   EC260291   EC260372   EC260690   EV584241   EV590710   GH739625   GH941312   GH942083   GH942179   GH943069   GH943114   GH943227   GH944317   GH944470   GH944736   GH944757   GH945108   GH945480   GH946095   GH946148   GH946199   GH946436   GH946607   GH947022   GH947078   GH947293   GH947333   GH948445   GH948749   GH948875   GH948981   GH949108   GH950103   GH950272   GH950567   GH950681   GH951435   GH951928   GH952031   GH952501   GH952520   GH952574   GH952968   GH953309   GH955752   GH955835   GH955879   GH955890   GH955927   GH955929   GH956039   GH956607   GH956779   GH957035   GH957233   GH957305   GH957420   GH957506   GH958204   GH958224   GH958591   GH959362   GH959646   GH960016   GH960240   GH961068   GH961167   GH961453   GH961648   GH961814   GH962508   GH962649   GH962795   GH962852   GH963025   GH963078   GH963545   GH963734   GH964690   GH965108   GH965191   GH965414   GH965573   GH965725   GH965848   GH965951   GH966118   GH966179   GH966181   GH966423   GH966615   GH967135   GH967249   GH967255   GH967326   GH967349   GH967640   GH967663   GH967715   GH967744   GH968432   GH968510   GH968651   GH969354   GH969363   GH969492   GH970179   GH971289   GH971661   GH971868   GH971904   GH972020   GH972187   GH972704   GH972882   GH972892   GH973086   GH973309   GH973454   GH973687   GH975245   GH975734   GH976184   GH976611   GH976664   GH976786   GH976966   GH976968   GH977200   GH977671   GH978045   GH978423   GH978539   GH978634   GH979119   GH979638   GH979781   GH979975   GH980245   GH980594   GH980718   GH980719   GH981565   GH981684   GH981767   GH981912   GH982169   GH982725   GH982732   GH982805   GH983092   GH983565   GH984295   GH984546   GH984897   GH985079   GH985081   U72331 AAB17350   U85651 AAB51251   U87150 AAB47553
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	O01367
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	B3DNL7 E1JIT0
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | late   embryonic/larval somatic muscle   (Fyrberg et al., 1997) embryonic/larval dorsal vessel   (Fyrberg et al., 1997) embryonic/larval visceral muscle   (Fyrberg et al., 1997) pharyngeal muscle   (Fyrberg et al., 1997) embryonic stage   mesoderm   (Fyrberg et al., 1997) myoblast of embryonic/larval muscle system   (Baehrecke, 1997) embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) anterior endoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi head mesoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi mesoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral ectoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi embryonic stage 6   mesoderm anlage   (Fyrberg et al., 1997, Zaffran et al., 1997) ventral furrow   (Fyrberg et al., 1997) embryonic stage 6 -- 17   mesoderm   (Baehrecke, 1997) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   fat body primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as fat body specific anlage head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) pericardial cell primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as pericardial cell specific anlage somatic muscle primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) visceral muscle primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 12   visceral mesoderm   (Baehrecke, 1997) somatic mesoderm   (Baehrecke, 1997) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   atrium   (Fisher et al., 2012) dorsal pharyngeal muscle   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic dorsal apodeme   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic dorsal epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic head epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic ventral apodeme   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic ventral epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval muscle system   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval visceral muscle   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 14   pharyngeal muscle   (Baehrecke, 1997) embryonic stage 14 -- 17   embryonic/larval heart   (Baehrecke, 1997) muscle attachment site   (Baehrecke, 1997) embryonic stage 15 -- 17   embryonic/larval somatic muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) pupal stage   muscle attachment site   (Baehrecke, 1997) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early     (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage     (Fyrberg et al., 1997) embryonic stage & pupal stage     (Fyrberg et al., 1997) embryonic stage -- adult stage     (Fyrberg et al., 1997, Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 6 -- 7   ventral furrow   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 12   mesoderm   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 14 -- 17   muscle attachment site   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 15 -- 17   embryonic/larval dorsal vessel   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic/larval aorta   (Zaffran et al., 1997) pharyngeal muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic/larval visceral muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) adult stage | female     (Zaffran et al., 1997)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 6 -- 7   cephalic furrow   (Zaffran et al., 1997) ventral furrow   (Zaffran et al., 1997) mesoderm anlage   (Zaffran et al., 1997) head mesoderm   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 8 -- 17   mesoderm   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 14   hindgut muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) cardioblast   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 14 -- 17   embryonic/larval visceral muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) muscle attachment site   (Zaffran et al., 1997) pharyngeal muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic/larval somatic muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 15 -- 17   embryonic/larval aorta   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic/larval dorsal vessel   (Zaffran et al., 1997) larval stage   imaginal disc   (Zaffran et al., 1997) muscle fiber of embryonic/larval muscle system   (Zaffran et al., 1997) adepithelial cell   (Zaffran et al., 1997) adult stage   tendon cell   (Zaffran et al., 1997) muscle attachment site   (Zaffran et al., 1997) adult stage & oogenesis   interfollicle cell   (Zaffran et al., 1997)
Additional Descriptive Data
	how protein is first detected in the cells of the ventral furrow and the staining extends beyond the cephalic furrow. In the early stages of gastrulation, staining is mostly in the ventral furrow but is also seen in head mesoderm and around the cephalic furrow. Later, expression becomes restricted to myogenic cells. Expression is observed in precursors of the somatic muscles, pharyngeal muscles, visceral muscles and cardiac cells. Expression is also seen in muscle attachment sites. In larvae, expression is observed in the nuclei of muscle fibers and in adepithelial cells of the imaginal discs. In adults, expression occurs in the tendon cells that attach the flight muscle fibers to the dorsal cuticle of the thorax. During oogenesis, expression is observed in follicular stalk cells that join the different egg chambers in the ovary. (Di Fruscio et al., 1998, Zaffran et al., 1997)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Di Fruscio et al., 1998) inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Zaffran et al., 1997)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{GawB}how24B Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | late   somatic muscle   (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1994) embryonic stage   embryonic/larval somatic muscle   (Schuster et al., 1996) mesoderm   (Brand and Perrimon, 1993, DeFalco et al., 2003) embryonic stage 6   mesoderm anlage   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 10 -- 17   mesoderm   (Brand, 1997.6.30) mesoderm   (Marquez et al., 2001) embryonic stage 11   mesoderm   (Brand and Perrimon, 1993, Allen et al., 2002) embryonic stage 11 -- 17   mesoderm   (Luo et al., 1994) embryonic stage 12   mesoderm   (Zaffran et al., 1997, Lee and Frasch, 2000) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   mesoderm   (Jenkins et al., 2003) embryonic stage 13 -- 17   embryonic/larval muscle system   (Brand and Perrimon, 1993) embryonic stage 14 -- 17   muscle attachment site   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 15 -- 17   embryonic/larval somatic muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) pharyngeal muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic/larval dorsal vessel   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic/larval visceral muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic/larval aorta   (Zaffran et al., 1997) larval stage   embryonic/larval somatic muscle   (Schuster et al., 1996) embryonic/larval central nervous system | restricted   (Suster et al., 2003) commissure | subset of embryonic/larval brain | restricted   (Suster et al., 2003) first instar larval stage -- second instar larval stage   tendon cell   (Subramanian et al., 2003) muscle cell   (Subramanian et al., 2003) third instar larval stage   haltere disc   (Brand, 1997.6.30) wing disc   (Brand, 1997.6.30) imaginal disc   (Brand, 1997.6.30) ventral thoracic disc   (Brand, 1997.6.30) eye-antennal disc   (Brand, 1997.6.30) muscle fiber   (Nitabach et al., 2006) Comment:Ascribed to all muscle fibers. embryonic/larval somatic muscle   (van der Plas et al., 2006) adult stage   adult somatic muscle   (Wu et al., 2010) Reporter: P{lacW}B1-93F Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   ventral nerve cord | medial   (Hartenstein and Jan, 1992) embryonic/larval midgut | restricted   (Hartenstein and Jan, 1992) embryonic stage 6   mesoderm anlage   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 11 -- 17   cardioblast   (Hartenstein and Jan, 1992) embryonic/larval pericardial cell   (Hartenstein and Jan, 1992) visceral mesoderm of embryonic/larval digestive system   (Hartenstein and Jan, 1992) embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle | presumptive   (Hartenstein and Jan, 1992) embryonic stage 12   mesoderm   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 14 -- 17   muscle attachment site   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 15 -- 17   visceral muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) pharyngeal muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic/larval aorta   (Zaffran et al., 1997) somatic muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic/larval dorsal vessel   (Zaffran et al., 1997) oogenesis   interfollicle cell   (Grammont and Irvine, 2001) Reporter: P{lArB}how1A122 Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | late   embryonic/larval muscle system   (Perrimon et al., 1991) embryonic/larval dorsal vessel   (Perrimon et al., 1991) embryonic stage   mesoderm   (Perrimon et al., 1991) embryonic stage 4 -- 17   mesoderm   (Perrimon et al., 1991) embryonic stage 6   mesoderm anlage   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 12   mesoderm   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 14 -- 17   muscle attachment site   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic stage 15 -- 17   pharyngeal muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic/larval somatic muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic/larval visceral muscle   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic/larval dorsal vessel   (Zaffran et al., 1997) embryonic/larval aorta   (Zaffran et al., 1997) adult stage   muscle attachment site   (Zaffran et al., 1997)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    35 central nervous system, larvae L3    27 central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female    39 head, virgin 4-day female    27 head, virgin 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day female    36 head, mated 4-day female    23 head, mated 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day male    47 head, mated 4-day male    36 head, mated 20-day male    30 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    9 salivary gland, white prepupae    83 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    16 digestive system, 1-day adult    10 digestive system, 4-day adult    17 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae    42 fat body, pupae P8    30 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    106 carcass, 1-day adult    51 carcass, 4-day adult    43 carcass, 20-day adult    34 ovary, virgin 4-day female    43 ovary, mated 4-day female    43 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (35) central nervous system, larvae L3  (27) central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female  (39) head, virgin 4-day female  (27) head, virgin 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day female  (36) head, mated 4-day female    23 head, mated 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day male  (47) head, mated 4-day male  (36) head, mated 20-day male  (30) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    9 salivary gland, white prepupae  (83) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    16 digestive system, 1-day adult    10 digestive system, 4-day adult    17 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae  (42) fat body, pupae P8  (30) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (106) carcass, 1-day adult  (51) carcass, 4-day adult  (43) carcass, 20-day adult  (34) ovary, virgin 4-day female  (43) ovary, mated 4-day female  (43) testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    35 central nervous system, larvae L3    27 central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female    39 head, virgin 4-day female    27 head, virgin 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day female    36 head, mated 4-day female    23 head, mated 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day male    47 head, mated 4-day male    36 head, mated 20-day male    30 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    9 salivary gland, white prepupae    83 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    16 digestive system, 1-day adult    10 digestive system, 4-day adult    17 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae    42 fat body, pupae P8    30 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  106 carcass, 1-day adult    51 carcass, 4-day adult    43 carcass, 20-day adult    34 ovary, virgin 4-day female    43 ovary, mated 4-day female    43 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    35 central nervous system, larvae L3    27 central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female    39 head, virgin 4-day female    27 head, virgin 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day female    36 head, mated 4-day female    23 head, mated 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day male    47 head, mated 4-day male    36 head, mated 20-day male    30 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    9 salivary gland, white prepupae    83 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    16 digestive system, 1-day adult    10 digestive system, 4-day adult    17 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae    42 fat body, pupae P8    30 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    106 carcass, 1-day adult    51 carcass, 4-day adult    43 carcass, 20-day adult    34 ovary, virgin 4-day female    43 ovary, mated 4-day female    43 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    7 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    35 central nervous system, larvae L3    27 central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female    39 head, virgin 4-day female    27 head, virgin 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day female    36 head, mated 4-day female    23 head, mated 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day male    47 head, mated 4-day male    36 head, mated 20-day male    30 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    9 salivary gland, white prepupae    83 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    16 digestive system, 1-day adult    10 digestive system, 4-day adult    17 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae    42 fat body, pupae P8    30 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    106 carcass, 1-day adult    51 carcass, 4-day adult    43 carcass, 20-day adult    34 ovary, virgin 4-day female    43 ovary, mated 4-day female    43 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (35) central nervous system, larvae L3  27 central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female  (39) head, virgin 4-day female  27 head, virgin 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day female  (36) head, mated 4-day female    23 head, mated 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day male  (47) head, mated 4-day male  (36) head, mated 20-day male  30 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    9 salivary gland, white prepupae  (83) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    16 digestive system, 1-day adult    10 digestive system, 4-day adult    17 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae  (42) fat body, pupae P8  30 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (106) carcass, 1-day adult  (51) carcass, 4-day adult  (43) carcass, 20-day adult  (34) ovary, virgin 4-day female  (43) ovary, mated 4-day female  (43) testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    35 central nervous system, larvae L3    27 central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female    39 head, virgin 4-day female    27 head, virgin 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day female    36 head, mated 4-day female    23 head, mated 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day male    47 head, mated 4-day male    36 head, mated 20-day male    30 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    9 salivary gland, white prepupae    83 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    16 digestive system, 1-day adult    10 digestive system, 4-day adult    17 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae    42 fat body, pupae P8    30 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  106 carcass, 1-day adult    51 carcass, 4-day adult    43 carcass, 20-day adult    34 ovary, virgin 4-day female    43 ovary, mated 4-day female    43 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    35 central nervous system, larvae L3    27 central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female    39 head, virgin 4-day female    27 head, virgin 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day female    36 head, mated 4-day female    23 head, mated 20-day female    20 head, mated 1-day male    47 head, mated 4-day male    36 head, mated 20-day male    30 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    9 salivary gland, white prepupae    83 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    16 digestive system, 1-day adult    10 digestive system, 4-day adult    17 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae    42 fat body, pupae P8    30 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    106 carcass, 1-day adult    51 carcass, 4-day adult    43 carcass, 20-day adult    34 ovary, virgin 4-day female    43 ovary, mated 4-day female    43 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    20 embryo 02-04hr    35 embryo 04-06hr    44 embryo 06-08hr    45 embryo 08-10hr    57 embryo 10-12hr    52 embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    66 embryo 16-18hr    62 embryo 18-20hr    47 embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr    28 larva L1    15 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    30 white prepupae 12hr    16 white prepupae 24hr    23 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    20 embryo 02-04hr  (35) embryo 04-06hr  (44) embryo 06-08hr  (45) embryo 08-10hr  (57) embryo 10-12hr  (52) embryo 12-14hr  (78) embryo 14-16hr  (66) embryo 16-18hr  (62) embryo 18-20hr  (47) embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr  (28) larva L1    15 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (31) white prepupae new  (30) white prepupae 12hr    16 white prepupae 24hr    23 pupae 2d postWPP  (33) pupae 3d postWPP  (33) pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    20 embryo 02-04hr    35 embryo 04-06hr    44 embryo 06-08hr    45 embryo 08-10hr    57 embryo 10-12hr    52 embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    66 embryo 16-18hr    62 embryo 18-20hr    47 embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr    28 larva L1    15 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    30 white prepupae 12hr    16 white prepupae 24hr    23 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    20 embryo 02-04hr    35 embryo 04-06hr    44 embryo 06-08hr    45 embryo 08-10hr    57 embryo 10-12hr    52 embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    66 embryo 16-18hr    62 embryo 18-20hr    47 embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr    28 larva L1    15 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    30 white prepupae 12hr    16 white prepupae 24hr    23 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    15 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    20 embryo 02-04hr    35 embryo 04-06hr    44 embryo 06-08hr    45 embryo 08-10hr    57 embryo 10-12hr    52 embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    66 embryo 16-18hr    62 embryo 18-20hr    47 embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr    28 larva L1    15 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    30 white prepupae 12hr    16 white prepupae 24hr    23 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    20 embryo 02-04hr  (35) embryo 04-06hr  (44) embryo 06-08hr  (45) embryo 08-10hr  (57) embryo 10-12hr  (52) embryo 12-14hr  (78) embryo 14-16hr  (66) embryo 16-18hr  (62) embryo 18-20hr  (47) embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr  28 larva L1    15 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  31 white prepupae new  30 white prepupae 12hr    16 white prepupae 24hr    23 pupae 2d postWPP  (33) pupae 3d postWPP  (33) pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    20 embryo 02-04hr    35 embryo 04-06hr    44 embryo 06-08hr    45 embryo 08-10hr    57 embryo 10-12hr    52 embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    66 embryo 16-18hr    62 embryo 18-20hr    47 embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr    28 larva L1    15 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    30 white prepupae 12hr    16 white prepupae 24hr    23 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    20 embryo 02-04hr    35 embryo 04-06hr    44 embryo 06-08hr    45 embryo 08-10hr    57 embryo 10-12hr    52 embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    66 embryo 16-18hr    62 embryo 18-20hr    47 embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr    28 larva L1    15 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    30 white prepupae 12hr    16 white prepupae 24hr    23 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    36 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    40 embryonic Kc167    44 embryonic S1    50 embryonic S3    57 leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2    31 wing disc ML-DmD8    33 wing disc ML-DmD9    24 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    55 wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32    58 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    84 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    29 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    37 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    28 tumorous blood cells mbn2    15 ovary fGS/OSS    36 ovary OSC    81 ovary OSS    31 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (36) Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2  (40) embryonic Kc167  (44) embryonic S1  (50) embryonic S3  (57) leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2  (31) wing disc ML-DmD8  (33) wing disc ML-DmD9    24 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (55) wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32  (58) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (84) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (29) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (37) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (28) tumorous blood cells mbn2    15 ovary fGS/OSS  (36) ovary OSC  (81) ovary OSS  (31) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    36 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    40 embryonic Kc167    44 embryonic S1    50 embryonic S3    57 leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2    31 wing disc ML-DmD8    33 wing disc ML-DmD9    24 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    55 wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32    58 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    84 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    29 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    37 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    28 tumorous blood cells mbn2    15 ovary fGS/OSS    36 ovary OSC    81 ovary OSS    31 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    36 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    40 embryonic Kc167    44 embryonic S1    50 embryonic S3    57 leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2    31 wing disc ML-DmD8    33 wing disc ML-DmD9    24 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    55 wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32    58 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    84 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    29 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    37 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    28 tumorous blood cells mbn2    15 ovary fGS/OSS    36 ovary OSC    81 ovary OSS    31 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    36 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    40 embryonic Kc167    44 embryonic S1    50 embryonic S3    57 leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2    31 wing disc ML-DmD8    33 wing disc ML-DmD9    24 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    55 wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32    58 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    84 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    29 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    37 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    28 tumorous blood cells mbn2    15 ovary fGS/OSS    36 ovary OSC    81 ovary OSS    31 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (36) Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2  (40) embryonic Kc167  (44) embryonic S1  (50) embryonic S3  (57) leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2  31 wing disc ML-DmD8  (33) wing disc ML-DmD9    24 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (55) wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32  (58) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (84) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  29 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (37) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  28 tumorous blood cells mbn2    15 ovary fGS/OSS  (36) ovary OSC  (81) ovary OSS  31 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    36 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    40 embryonic Kc167    44 embryonic S1    50 embryonic S3    57 leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2    31 wing disc ML-DmD8    33 wing disc ML-DmD9    24 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    55 wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32    58 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    84 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    29 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    37 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    28 tumorous blood cells mbn2    15 ovary fGS/OSS    36 ovary OSC    81 ovary OSS    31 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    36 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    40 embryonic Kc167    44 embryonic S1    50 embryonic S3    57 leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2    31 wing disc ML-DmD8    33 wing disc ML-DmD9    24 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    55 wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32    58 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    84 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    29 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    37 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    28 tumorous blood cells mbn2    15 ovary fGS/OSS    36 ovary OSC    81 ovary OSS    31 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    21 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    24 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    21 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (30) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (30) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (44) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (52) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (37) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    24 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (43) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (35) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (30) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    21 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    24 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    21 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    24 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    21 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    24 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    21 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  30 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  30 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (44) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (52) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (37) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    24 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (43) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (35) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  30 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    21 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    24 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    21 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    23 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    18 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    44 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    24 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_11 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_02
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • PC00109
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal howCA07414 lethal, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR howGD1462 lethal, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 howGD1462 lethal (with Df(3R)e-N19) howS053606 howS056301 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive how18 howe44 howstru-3R-3 howT1 howT90 lethal | larval stage | recessive howS053606 howS056301 lethal | pupal stage | recessive howr17 lethal | pupal stage P7 (with howr4) howr17 lethal | pupal stage P7 (with howr17) howr4 lethal | recessive how1A122 how13 how15 howj5B5 howj5D5 howstru-3R-3 viable how19 howE7-3-4 howRab24 hows2612 howx3 Sterility Allele fertile howE7-3-4 Other Phenotypes Allele cell cycle defective | germline clone howstru-3R-3 flight defective | recessive | somatic clone how1A122 flightless how1A122 how13 how15 increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 howL.Scer\UAS mitotic cell cycle defective | embryonic stage | recessive howstru-3R-3 mitotic cell cycle defective | germline clone | pre-blastoderm stage howe44 visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 howdsRNA.L.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4sd.PU howS.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1 howdsRNA.L.Scer\UAS howdsRNA.Scer\UAS visible | recessive howr17 hows2612 howx3 visible | recessive | somatic clone how1A122 visible | somatic clone howstru-3R-3 howT1 howT90 howunspecified Phenotype manifest in Allele anterior wing margin, with Scer\GAL4sd.PU howS.Scer\UAS dorsal closure embryo howT1 howT90 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | dorsal howT1 howT90 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | posterior howe44 embryonic/larval dorsal vessel | embryonic stage how18 embryonic/larval oenocyte howe44 embryonic/larval somatic muscle howe44 germline cyst, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 howGD1462 germline cyst | germline clone (with howr4) howr17 germline cyst | germline clone (with howr17) howr4 head how18 male germline cell | germline clone howstru-3R-3 male germline stem cell, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 howGD1462 male germline stem cell | germline clone (with howr4) howr17 male germline stem cell | germline clone (with howr17) howr4 mesoderm howstru-3R-3 perineurial sheath glial cell howe44 peripheral glial cell howe44 spermatocyte cyst | germline clone howstru-3R-3 spermatocyte fusome | germline clone howstru-3R-3 spermatogonial cyst, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 howL.Scer\UAS spermatogonial cyst | germline clone howstru-3R-3 spermatogonium, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 howL.Scer\UAS tendon cell howstru-3R-3 testis, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 howGD1462 howL.Scer\UAS testis | germline clone (with howr4) howr17 testis | germline clone (with howr17) howr4 wing hows2612 how1A122 how13 howr17 how15 howx3 wing, with Scer\GAL4sd.PU howS.Scer\UAS wing, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1 howdsRNA.L.Scer\UAS howdsRNA.Scer\UAS wing | somatic clone how1A122 howstru-3R-3 howT1 howT90 howunspecified wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 howdsRNA.L.Scer\UAS Z disc, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR howGD1462
Classical Alleles ( 43 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of how Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion how24B P-element activity 3 Yes howj5B5 P-element activity 2 -- how19 1 Yes howc01006 piggyBac transposase 1 -- howc02613 piggyBac transposase 1 -- howc02691 piggyBac transposase 1 -- howc02693 1 -- howCB-0747-3 1 -- howd02717 P-element activity 1 -- howd06766 P-element activity 1 -- howe02829 piggyBac transposase 1 -- howE7-3-4 P-element activity 1 Yes howEY09198 P-element activity 1 -- howf01756 piggyBac transposase 1 -- howf06788 piggyBac transposase 1 -- howf06960 piggyBac transposase 1 -- howf07245 piggyBac transposase 1 -- howMB03227 1 -- howMI03975 1 -- howRab24 1 Yes howstru-3R-3 X ray 1 -- howUM-8359-3 1 -- howe44 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes howT1 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- howT90 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- how13 Delta2-3 0 Yes how15 Delta2-3 0 Yes how18 loss of function allele Delta2-3 0 Yes how1A122 P-element activity 0 Yes how2455 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- howc03391 piggyBac transposase 0 -- howCA07414 P-element activity 0 Yes howDG05107 0 -- howEP858 P-element activity 0 -- howj5D5 P-element activity 0 -- howr17 P-element activity 0 Yes howr4 loss of function allele P-element activity 0 Yes howS053606 P-element activity 0 -- howS056301 P-element activity 0 -- howS090417 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- hows2612 P-element activity 0 -- howunspecified 0 -- howx3 irradiation 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 17 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of how Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion howGD1462 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes howKK108558 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes howC185R.L.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes howdsRNA.L.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes howdsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes howL.hs.T:Avic\GFP-m6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes howL.Scer\UAS.cNa.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes howL.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes howL.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes howL.TTAA.Scer\UAS.cNa.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes howL.YtoG.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes howMtnA.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes howmut.L.hs.T:Avic\GFP-m6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes howNIG.10293R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes howS.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes howS.Scer\UAS.T:SV40\nls2,T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes howS.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)2-2 (Walsh and Brown, 1998) Df(3R)BSC523 (Christensen et al., 2008.6.11) Df(3R)BSC804 (Christensen et al., 2009.5.6) Df(3R)BSC805 (Christensen et al., 2009.5.6) Df(3R)e-BS2 (Zaffran et al., 1997, Lo and Frasch, 1997) Df(3R)ED6076 (Ryder and Roote, 2004.11.10) Df(3R)ED6085 (Ryder and Roote, 2004.11.10) Df(3R)e-N19 (Prout et al., 1997, Spradling et al., 1999, Lo and Frasch, 1997, Kankel et al., 2004, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Df(3R)ry506-85C (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-)
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)e-D7 (Lo and Frasch, 1997) Df(3R)hhE23 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Spradling et al., 1999)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1462} NA P{KK108558} NA P{NIG.10293R} NA P{UAS-how.dsRNA} NA P{UAS-how.L.3HA} NA P{UAS-how.L.dsRNA} NA P{UAS-how.L.TTAA.3HA} NA P{UAS-how.L} NA P{UAS-how.S} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}EP3510 NA P{EP}howEP858 NA P{EPgy2}howEY09198 NA P{GSV1}GSd488GSd488 NA P{XP}howd02717 NA P{XP}howd06766 NA miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}howMI03975 NA P{?'lArB}how15 NA P{?lacW}howr17 NA P{?lArB}how13 NA P{GawB}how24B NA P{PTT-GA}howCA07414 NA P{RS3}howCB-0747-3 NA P{RS3}howUM-8359-3 NA P{UASp-YFP.Rab9Fb}howRab24 NA P{UASp-YFP.RabX4}how19 NA P{wHy}howDG05107 NA PBac{PB}howc01006 NA PBac{PB}howc02613 NA PBac{PB}howc02691 NA PBac{PB}howc02693 NA PBac{PB}howc03391 NA PBac{RB}howe02829 NA PBac{WH}howf01756 NA PBac{WH}howf06788 NA PBac{WH}howf06960 NA PBac{WH}howf07245 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}howMB03227 No insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}howE7-3-4 No P{lacW}howj5B5 No P{lacW}howj5D5 No P{lacW}hows2612 No P{lacW}howS053606 No P{lacW}howS056301 No P{lacW}howS090417 No P{lArB}how1A122 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 21 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 19 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
mRNA 3'-UTR binding inferred from direct assay (Israeli et al., 2007, Toledano-Katchalski et al., 2007) mRNA binding inferred from direct assay (Di Fruscio et al., 1998, Volohonsky et al., 2007)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
apposition of dorsal and ventral imaginal disc-derived wing surfaces inferred from mutant phenotype (Walsh and Brown, 1998) axon ensheathment inferred from mutant phenotype (Edenfeld et al., 2006) cell adhesion inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Lo and Frasch, 1997) embryo development inferred from mutant phenotype (Walsh and Brown, 1998) germ-line stem cell maintenance inferred from mutant phenotype (Monk et al., 2010) glial cell migration inferred from mutant phenotype (Edenfeld et al., 2006) mesodermal cell migration inferred from mutant phenotype (Toledano-Katchalski et al., 2007) mesoderm development inferred from expression pattern (Furlong et al., 2001) muscle cell fate determination inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Fyrberg et al., 1997) muscle organ development inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Zaffran et al., 1997) oenocyte development inferred from mutant phenotype (Edenfeld et al., 2006) regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome inferred from mutant phenotype (Park et al., 2004, Volohonsky et al., 2007) regulation of heart contraction inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Zaffran et al., 1997) sarcomere organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Schnorrer et al., 2010) somatic muscle development inferred from mutant phenotype (Baehrecke, 1997) spermatogonial cell division inferred from mutant phenotype (Monk et al., 2010)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Di Fruscio et al., 1998) inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Zaffran et al., 1997)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 4 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
mRNA binding non-traceable author statement (Fyrberg, 1997.1.24)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
cell differentiation traceable author statement (Bokel and Brown, 2002)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm non-traceable author statement (Volohonsky and Volk, 2003) nucleus inferred by curator from GO:0000381 (Park et al., 2004) non-traceable author statement (Volohonsky and Volk, 2003)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene   nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
how - CkIIα-i3 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) how - EndoG anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) how - Optix anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) how - twe anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions how allele Gene References how2455 ftz (Kankel et al., 2004) howT1 if (Walsh and Brown, 1998) howT90 if (Walsh and Brown, 1998)
External Data
Linkouts
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (61) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6FTWKP Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6MGSH5 Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG68PKG5 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG60VT5G Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG60SC8D
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6FTWKP)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\how     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD20919 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM26398 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG11104 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE10266 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF18066 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA10223 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL24013 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK14241 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ23144 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI10457 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH20998 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6MGSH5)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL007329   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ009354
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG68PKG5)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB49515   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG010922   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH20254   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP12225   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO21788   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL23426   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH24360   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB16543   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV16906   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV16909   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI000235   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM529430   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\how
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG60VT5G)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\Enpep   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW011384
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG60SC8D)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\asd-2 Y Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\gld-1 Y Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\E02D9.1 Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_010056gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_009086gn Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\qk Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\khdrbs2 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\khdrbs1b Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\khdrbs1a Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\qkib Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000086479 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\qkib Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\khdrbs1 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\qki Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\khdrbs2 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\khdrbs3 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\QKI Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\KHDRBS3 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\KHDRBS2 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\KHDRBS1 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Khdrbs2 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Khdrbs3 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Qki Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Khdrbs1 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Khdrbs2 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000009918 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Qk Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Khdrbs3 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000112531 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\KHDRBS1 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\KHDRBS3 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\KHDRBS2 Y
Human Orthologs (4)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\ENSG00000112531     Hsap\KHDRBS1     Hsap\KHDRBS3     Hsap\KHDRBS2
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD20919 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM26398 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG11104 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE10266 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF18066 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA10223 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL24013 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK14241 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ23144 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI10457 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH20998
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 27 )
Harvard	- P{XP}howd02717 - P{XP}howd06766 - PBac{PB}howc01006 - PBac{PB}howc02613 - PBac{PB}howc02691 - PBac{PB}howc02693 - PBac{RB}howe02829 - PBac{WH}howf01756 - PBac{WH}howf06788 - PBac{WH}howf06960 - PBac{WH}howf07245
VDRC	v100775 P{KK108558}VIE-260B
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR04F21 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 485 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD13657 LD34273 SD10595
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	LD02785 LD08029 LD13412 LD14624 LD16219 LD16421 LD20232 LD32729 RE01923 RE02217 RE04789 RE10258 RE10729 RE11592 RE14796 RE16140 RE17994 RE18969 RE20970 RE22419 RE22849 RE24942 RE25590 RE30266 RE31182 RE32602 RE38886 RE44020 RE45850 RE46096 RE46158 RE49118 RE53496 RE53608 RE53632 RE54020 RE56035 RE56542 RE58485 RE62511 RE63990 RE65764 RE68461 RE71470 RE74703 RE75011 SD02290 SD27109
Other clones	7268 7877 9235 9619 10968 13543 13797 16205 17265 17517 17518 18643 28676 30108 30461 34005 37667 37678 38051 41565 41779 41933 45925 50811 51528 52727 53021 53874 57474 57975 58744 59804 60424 60447 63863 67491 70438 77064 78664 78699 79276 79315 83133 99710 103516 104490 106729 118651 121385 121813 122726 125393 145470 146184 146230 146284 147649 157407 160556 161359 161895 162950 164428 164808 173197 174448 176397 176753 190047 191380 191939 193240 193893 194600 274011 281305 281672 AA433220 CK01.2D.A4 CK01.6C.B8 CK01.14C.G2 CK01.30D.G4 CK01.41D.H9 CK01.44A.E10 CK01.51A.H6 CK01.51C.F6 CK01.69A.A4 CK01.71D.F5 CK01.75C.E2 CK01.76A.H4 CK01.76D.F11 CK01.78A.C2 CK01.81B.H8 CK01.85B.B4 CK01.87D.H4 CK01.89B.C4 CK01.92A.A8 CK01.93B.D11 CK01.93B.H11 CK01.94B.F11 CK01.94B.H11 CK01.95B.F11 CK01.101D.A8 CK01.103C.F5 CK01.106A.F1 CK01.108C.H3 CK01.112A.B2 CK01.113A.F3 CK01.170C.B8 Dmel_dig_010149_0622_1614 Dmel_neb_015474_0374_2972 EC216014 EC251485 EC253171 EC253433 EC254367 EC255891 EC255916 EC256443 EC256447 EC256525 EC257267 EC257536 EC257740 EC258219 EC259061 EC260291 EC260690 EK001237 EK002417 EK009828 EK014943 EK020307 EK026858 EK040663 EK040855 EK055234 EK056408 EK056918 EK059149 EK059462 EK059632 EK060841 EK062864 EK063923 EK065831 EK065832 EK067538 EK069362 EK071936 EK072725 EK073324 EK073332 EK073511 EK073523 EK074222 EK079323 EK085836 EK086923 EK088521 EK089810 EK095734 EK097930 EK101928 EK101942 EK104728 EK104903 EK106215 EK108144 EK108742 EK115516 EK115614 EK118352 EK126145 EK127011 EK127846 EK129749 EK129841 EK136126 EK139612 EK148725 EK150146 EK150403 EK150854 EK154743 EK154954 EK155511 EK155953 EK155954 EK158712 EK158910 EK162409 EK162411 EK164457 EK166557 EK166638 EK166806 EK168642 EK169164 EK170132 EK173015 EK175907 EK176126 EK177149 EK178025 EK180511 EK185212 EK185218 EK186532 EK187923 EK189510 EK201517 EK202556 EK204503 EK205136 EK206358 EK207111 EK208123 EK208609 EK208639 EK208963 EK209105 EK216958 EK222262 EK222363 EK224616 EK226444 EK227926 EK232663 EK237832 EK241210 EK241959 EK246605 EK247644 EK249139 EK252549 EK252738 EK260254 EK264313 EK267248 EK269529 EK279739 EK281514 EK281710 EK290235 EK291233 EK292337 EK294854 EK296018 EK297213 EK301006 EK301035 EK304907 EK306264 EK306712 EK307303 EP02645 EP03225 EP08761 EP10042 EP10503 EP10801 EP11335 EP11543 EP11545 EP11721 EP11816 EP11863 EP12104 EP13235 EP15002 EP15310 EP19234 EP21906 EP22062 EP22136 FGA010F05 FGH125A11 LD08027 RE01513 RP001040076 RP004001587 RP004029439 RP004039551 RP004040006 RP004058099 RP004058923 RP004061955 RP004063166 RP004067016 RP004071559 RP004075854 RP004086416 RP004088071 RP004088755 RP004088928 RP004089766 RP004090384 RP004091524 RP004132296 RP004135874 RP004142299 RP004142462 RP004143476 RP004150072 RP004151598 RP004161173 RP004169785 RP004172493 RP004174484 RP004176631 RP004187573 RP004191920 RP004192637 RP004193982 RP004197147 RP004199142 RP004199411 RP004208759 RP004210282 RP004210531 RP004213556 RP004213835 RP004214277 RP004216775 RP004217836 RP004218198 RP004218906 RP004219907 RP004222036 RP004222725 RP004224017 RP004224641 RP004227206 RP004228045 RP004229545 RP004230003 RP004230569 RP004234916 RP004235229 RP004236669 RP004237852 RP004237985 RP004239017 RP004239018 RP004239861 RP004241363 RP004242301 RP004244976 RP004245678 RP004246034 RP004247978 RP004252119 RP004253503 RP004254109 RP004254963 RP004257657 RP004258544 RP004259106 RP004260050 RP004260141 RP004264939 RP004268989 RP004283607 RP004299462 RP004305967 RP004305986 RP004310473 RP004313667 RP004315697 RP004325499 RP004336091 RP004347276 RP004377393 RP004381314 RP004384001 RP004386846 RP004389771 RP004390201 RP004393761 RP004401014 RP004403815 RP004405661 RP004406184 RP004409327 RP004414902 RP004430879 RP004440124 RP004442503 RP004442751 RP004452998 RP004453954 RP004455498 RP004463813 RP004465043 RP004465135 RP004465410 RP004468438 RP004468628 RP004469608 RP004469874 RP004472290 RP004477735 RP004480098 RP004483263 RP004483636 RP004483850 RP004485647 RP004486670 RP004488738 RP004490077 RP004492762 RP004494273 RP004495462 RP004500475 RP004512179 RP004513740 RP004518158 RP004519117 RP004520865 RP004521275 RP004522273 RP004523083 RP004528948 RP004531699 RP004532421 RP004535368 RP004537869 RP004538992 RP004546933 RP004549771 RP004554971 UUGC0761 UUGC0985
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Zaffran et al., 1997, Nir et al., 2012)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: how CG10293 (Zheng, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: how anon-EST:Liang-2.39 (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005) Source for merge of: how l(3)j5B5 (Spradling et al., 1999) Source for merge of: how l(3)S090417 l(3)S053606 (Link et al., 2007) Source for merge of: how sci (Brown et al., 2000)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	The balance between two distinct forms of how protein maintains low levels of sr protein at the precursor stage in future tendon cells and high levels in the mature tendon. (Nabel-Rosen et al., 1999) Identification: Genetic screen for mutations that produce blisters in somatic wing clones. (Walsh and Brown, 1998) how encodes a member of the KH RNA binding protein family that functions during muscle development. (Baehrecke, 1997) Cloning and partial characterisation of how, defined by the Scer\GAL4 24B transposant. Four cDNAs (2-9, 4-2, D-11 and D-5) that contain a KH domain are isolated and sequence compared to how: a family of proteins having closely related KH domains is discovered. (Fyrberg et al., 1997) how appears to regulate some aspects of integrin functioning. (Lo and Frasch, 1997) Identification: Genetic screen for autosomal mutations that produce blisters in somatic wing clones. 1 allele of how has been isolated. (Prout et al., 1997) how function is required late in embryogenesis to control heart rate and muscular activity. (Zaffran et al., 1997)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079723 NM_169992 NM_001032032 NM_001170212 NM_001170213 NM_001275893 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524447 NP_732695 NP_001027203 NP_001163683 NP_001163684 NP_001262822 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA439173 AA540522 AAB17350 AAB47553 AAB51251 AAB60946 AAB60947 AAF55952 AAF55952.1 AAL40007 AAN13901 AAN13901.1 AAZ52538 ACZ94979 ACZ94980 AF003106 AF003107 AGB96202 AI124319 AI543716 AQ034089 AQ254656 AW944646 AY069862 CL610235 CZ466801 CZ466802 CZ468071 CZ468128 CZ468129 CZ468641 CZ472959 CZ475335 CZ480601 CZ480602 CZ484224 CZ484225 CZ489514 CZ489515 CZ489701 CZ489702 CZ490057 U72331 U85651 U87150 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 42596 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • O01367 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • B3DNL7 E1JIT0
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • K Homology domain (IPR004087) K Homology domain, type 1 (IPR004088) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • PC00109
Linkouts
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 34 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	24B (Johnson et al., 2011, Taylor, 2006) 0904/17 (Deak et al., 1997) anon-EST:Liang-2.39 (Ashburner, 2004.6.30, ) CG10293 (Whitfield, 2000.4.28, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) clone 2.39 (Liang and Biggin, 1998) how (Sofola et al., 2007, Kazemian et al., 2011, Nir et al., 2012, Link et al., 2007, Monk et al., 2011, Park et al., 2011, Hazelett et al., 2009, Beltran et al., 2007, Fortier et al., 2006, Reuveny and Volk, 2007, Mack et al., 2006, Buszczak et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Volohonsky et al., 2007, Zhang et al., 2007, Assa-Kunik et al., 2007, Dietzl et al., 2007, Christensen et al., 2008.6.11, Israeli et al., 2007, Georlette et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Nabel-Rosen et al., 2002, Sandmann et al., 2006, Toledano-Katchalski et al., 2007, Medioni et al., 2008, Edenfeld et al., 2006, Junion et al., 2007, Christensen et al., 2009.5.6, Christensen et al., 2009.5.6, Dworkin et al., 2009, Reuveny et al., 2009, Gim et al., 2001, Schnorrer et al., 2010, Carmon et al., 2010, Schulze et al., 2009, Bulchand et al., 2010, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Rodrigues et al., 2012) HOW (Sofola et al., 2007, Monk et al., 2010, Nabel-Rosen et al., 2004, Reuveny and Volk, 2007, Volk and Reuveny, 2007, Elhanany and Volk, 2008, Reuveny et al., 2009) How (Ryu et al., 2011, Nabel-Rosen and Volk, 2003, Hime et al., 2007) KH93F   l(3)j5B5 (Meister and Braun, 1995.10, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, ) l(3)j5D5   l(3)s2612   l(3)S053606   l(3)S090417   P62 (Mushegian et al., 1998) qkr (Fyrberg et al., 1997) qkr93F (Vernet and Artzt, 1997, Fyrberg et al., 1997) sci (Walsh and Brown, 1998, ) stru (Lo and Frasch, 1997, ) SZ1 (Zaffran et al., 1995, ) who (Baehrecke, 1997.1.16, Volk and Rosen, 1999, Fyrberg et al., 1998, Vernet and Artzt, 1997, Sweeney et al., 1997, Baehrecke, 1997, ) Who/How (Di Fruscio et al., 1999, Di Fruscio et al., 1998)
Name Synonym	Held Out Wing (Reuveny and Volk, 2007, Reuveny et al., 2009) Held-out wings (Monk et al., 2010) held out wings (Zaffran et al., 1997, Fortier et al., 2006, Mack et al., 2006, Medioni et al., 2008, Carmon et al., 2010, Schulze et al., 2009, Link et al., 2007) Held out wings (Gim et al., 2001) KH motif at 93F   lethal (3) S053606   lethal (3) S090417   quaking related, 93F (Fyrberg et al., 1997) scorpion (Walsh and Brown, 1998, ) struthio (Lo, 1997.5.7, Lo, 1997.5.7, Prout et al., 1997, MacIntyre et al., 2007, Carmon et al., 2010) wings held-out (Baehrecke, 1997) wings held out
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0011379 FBgn0011385 FBgn0015249 FBgn0017397 FBgn0020779 FBgn0025731 FBgn0025956 FBgn0028068 FBgn0082187
References ( 137 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 137 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 70 ) Supplementary material  ( 8 ) Review  ( 6 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 21 ) Abstract  ( 17 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 5 ) Stock list  ( 2 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 ) Website  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 7 )
	Nir et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(3): e1002632 Phosphorylation of the Drosophila melanogaster RNA-Binding Protein HOW by MAPK/ERK Enhances Its Dimerization and Activity. [FBrf0217996] Rodrigues et al., 2012, Development 139(10): 1765--1776 The regulation of glial-specific splicing of Neurexin IV requires HOW and Cdk12 activity. [FBrf0218586] Johnson et al., 2011, Development 138(21): 4627--4638 JAK/Stat signaling regulates heart precursor diversification in Drosophila. [FBrf0216404] Kazemian et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(22): 9463--9472 Improved accuracy of supervised CRM discovery with interpolated Markov models and cross-species comparison. [FBrf0216971] Monk et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(12): e28508 Differential Roles of HOW in Male and Female Drosophila Germline Differentiation. [FBrf0216926] Park et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(8): e1002241 Specification of Drosophila corpora cardiaca neuroendocrine cells from mesoderm is regulated by Notch signaling. [FBrf0215231] Ryu et al., 2011, Dev. Dyn. 240(1): 86--96 Tinman is a direct activator of midline in the drosophila dorsal vessel. [FBrf0212547] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...