myosin, muscle myosin heavy chain, MRP, ifm(2)RU2, muscle myosin
Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Mhc for information on other features
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AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
Gene model reviewed during 5.56
Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.
Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.47
Terminal exon usage of Mhc shifts mid-development during muscle filament assembly (FBrf0221075).
Gene model reviewed during 6.02
4.5, 4.2 (unknown)
8.6, 8.0, 7.2 (northern blot)
155 (kD observed)
1962 (aa)
Mhc protein in used as a marker for the visceral muscles or their precursors, which overlie the epithelial foregut and hindgut.
3'' end
3' end
5'' end
corresponds to exon16 encoded by g1335628
one of several products generated by alternative splicing
this fragment corresponds to part of exon 17 encoded by g133629 and all of exon 18 encoded by g1335630; MHC2 RNA found in pupal adult stages only
this fragment corresponds to part of exon 17 encoded by g133629 and all of exon 19 encoded by g1335631; MHC1 RNA found in pupal-adult and embryo-larval stages
one of a couple of products generated by alternative splicing
At least 480 Mhc isoforms are theoretically
encoded by the gene when all the different possible combinations of
alternate exons are considered. The alternative exons encode sequences
close to or within regions thought to have important structural or
enzymatic functions. Putative functional domains and regions of
exceptional sequence conservation, however, are most often distributed in
both alternative and common exons. Some of the characterized domains map
to exons as follows: a conserved hydrophobic pocket sequence in exons 3-4,
the highly conserved ATP-binding domain in exon 4, the highly divergent
proteolytic cleavage site that defines the 25-50kD junction in exon 4, two
highly conserved regions of unidentified function in exons 4-6 and 8-9,
the 50-20kD junction in exon 10, the primary actin-binding site in exon
10, a secondary actin-binding site in exon 11, the sites of myosin light
chain binding in exon 12, the head-tail junction in exon 12, the hinge
region in exons 14-16, and the non-coiled tailpiece in exons 17-19.
Predicted from sequence data (J02788). Encoded by transcript containing exon 3a.
Predicted from sequence data (J02788). Encoded by transcript containing exon 3b.
Muscle myosin is a hexameric protein that consists of 2 heavy chain subunits (MHC), 2 alkali light chain subunits (MLC) and 2 regulatory light chain subunits (MLC-2).
Alternative splicing exons contribute to the specialized contractile activities of different muscle types. Exon 3 encodes the hydrophobic pocket adjacent to the ATP-binding site, exon 9 is adjacent to the actin-binding domain, exon 11 is involved in actin-binding, exon 15 in the S2 hinge and exons 18 and 19 the non-coiled tail region.
Limited proteolysis of myosin heavy chain produces 1 light meromyosin (LMM) and 1 heavy meromyosin (HMM). HMM can be further cleaved into 2 globular subfragments (S1) and 1 rod-shaped subfragment (S2).
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Mhc using the Feature Mapper tool.
The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).
Expression dependent on Mef2 levels.
Mhc is enriched in border follicle cells relative to follicle cells.
The Mhc transcript of this structure is the main form expressed in the indirect flight muscle.
The Mhc transcript of this structure is the main form expressed in the TDT (mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66) and in direct flight muscle 51.
The Mhc transcript of this structure is the main form expressed in direct flight muscle 52 and in esophageal muscle.
Comment: mesodermal cells
Comment: 0-2 hr AEL
Mhc protein in used as a marker for the visceral muscles or their precursors, which overlie the epithelial foregut and hindgut.
Mhc protein is expressed in the mesodermal cells of the developing embryonic foregut.
Mef2 protein is localized to the nuclei of all embryonic somatic and visceral muscle cells and muscle cell precursors.
The 155kD form of Mhc protein is mainly detected in testis.
JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\Mhc in JBrowse
2-53
2-51.2
2-53.8
2-51.6
2-52.6
2-52.0
2-53.5
2-51.5
2-52.4
2-54.7
2-51.3
2-52 or 2-54.7
Map position of 26.1, 51.7 and 53.1 based on linkage mapping of Ifm(2)RU12, Ifm(2)RU13 and Ifm(2)RU14, respectively.
Map position of 53.8, 51.6, 52.6, 52.0, 53.5 and 51.5 based on linkage mapping of ifm(2)RU210, ifm(2)RU211, ifm(2)RU212, ifm(2)RU213, ifm(2)RU214, and ifm(2)RU215, respectively.
Maps close to Mhc.
Maps 2.8 +/- 0.4 units to the left of cn.
Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
polyclonal
Haploinsufficient locus (not associated with strong haplolethality or haplosterility).
Mhc is involved in tracheal cell migration during the morphogenesis of the dorsal air sac primordium.
dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.
Thick filament assembly and many aspects of myofibrillogenesis are independent of the head of the Mhc protein.
155kD protein that is a major component of myofilaments, an abundant testis protein and is expressed in somatic, cardiac and visceral muscles.
Alternative Mhc exons are regulated in appropriate muscles through interactions between intronic alternative splice-specificity elements, nonconsensus exon 11 splice donors and, likely, novel exon-specific alternative splicing factors.
Multiple isoforms of Mhc are not necessary for viability, but different isoforms are critical for specialised functions like flying and jumping.
Variation of a microsatellite within the Mhc locus has been studied in North American populations of D.melanogaster.
Isolated from a D.melanogaster cDNA expression library, using a polyclonal antiserum raised against a D.hydei testis protein as a probe.
Mhc cDNA has been cloned and sequenced. 'minor-myosin', a myosin isoform found in the testis of D.melanogaster and D.hydei, is encoded by a transcript that initiates between exons 12 and 13 of the myosin heavy chain gene.
Mhc protein isoform size class A is organised in a tissue specific manner within the thorax and legs in late pupal and adult stages of development.
Genetic, biochemical and ultrastructural analysis indicates residue 482 is important for generating ATPase activity and for myosin stability in the muscle.
The Mhc and Dhyd\Mhc genes (of D.melanogaster and D.hydei respectively) have been compared.
Two different phylogenetic methods used to analyse all available myosin head sequences: there are at least three equally divergent classes of myosin, demonstrating that the current classification into two classes needs to be reexamined.
The regulation of alternative splicing of Mhc transcripts has been analysed using a cell-free system. The affinity of exons 17 and 19, as well as the failure of constitutive splicing factors to recognise exon 18 splice sites, probably causes the exclusion of exon 18 in wild-type transcripts processed in vitro.
Altered pattern of Mhc gene expression in neurogenic mutants indicates a role for the neurogenic genes in the development of most visceral and somatic muscles.
The expression pattern of alternatively spliced Mhc exons in the adult thoracic muscles has been investigated.
Sequences necessary for tissue-specific splicing of Mhc have been investigated.
The tissue specific expression pattern of three alternative exons of Mhc has been studied.
Myofibrillar assembly was investigated using null mutations of Act88F and Mhc.
Mhc has been cloned, and its expression pattern analysed.
Structural gene for the heavy chain of muscle myosin (MHC). Heterozygotes for dominant flightless mutant alleles are characterized by erect wings and disrupted myofibrils in the indirect flight muscles. Segmental-deficiency heterozygotes for the locus are also flightless with disrupted myofibrils. Flight can be rescued in heterozygotes for most alleles by addition of a second Mhc+ allele to the complement, or by making the fly simultaneously hemizygous for Act88F (Beall, Sepanski, and Fyrberg, 1989).
Source for merge of: Mhc Mrp
Source for merge of: Mhc Ifm(2)RU1 ifm(2)RU2
Of five EMS-induced alleles that are lethal as homozygotes, three have 9-10 kb inserts with some apparently similar restriction sites (Mogami and Hotta, 1981; Mogami et al., 1986). Three other EMS-induced mutants, which are homozygous viable, are judged to be allelic based on the failure to obtain recombinants between them and the lethal alleles; as yet no molecular characterization available.
Source for identity of: Mhc CG17927
