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Gene Dmel\Mhc

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Mhc	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Myosin heavy chain	Annotation symbol	CG17927
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0264695
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	12 publicly available
Also Known As	MRP, Ifm(2)RU1, ifm(2)RU2, DmMHC, ifm(2)2, mMHC, Mhc36B, Sht
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map	2-52 or 2-54.7
Cytogenetic map	36A8-36B2	Sequence location	2L:16,766,734..16,788,766 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Myosin heavy chain is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Mhc (CG17927, FBgn0264695). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: actin-dependent ATPase activity; protein homodimerization activity; structural constituent of muscle. There is experimental evidence for 13 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: single-organism developmental process; cellular component organization or biogenesis; muscle cell differentiation; actin filament-based process; localization; cellular component movement; organelle organization; biological regulation; flight; system process. 135 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; adult segment; indirect flight muscle; organ system subdivision; cytoplasmic part; organelle; sarcomere; thoracic segment; spermatozoon; male accessory gland; mesothoracic femur. It has 20 annotated transcripts and 20 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: IQ motif, EF-hand binding site; Myosin head, motor domain; Myosin tail; Myosin, N-terminal, SH3-like. Gene sequence location is 2L:16766734..16788766.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Mhc: Muscle myosin heavy chain Structural gene for the heavy chain of muscle myosin (MHC). Heterozygotes for dominant flightless mutant alleles are characterized by erect wings and disrupted myofibrils in the indirect flight muscles. Segmental-deficiency heterozygotes for the locus are also flightless with disrupted myofibrils. Flight can be rescued in heterozygotes for most alleles by addition of a second Mhc+ allele to the complement, or by making the fly simultaneously hemizygous for Act88F [Beall, Sepanski, and Fyrberg, 1989, Genes Dev. 3: 131-40 (fig.)]. Mhc1 Homozygous embryos show no movement; unable to hatch; ultrastructural observations show complete lack of thick filaments in muscles. Heterozygotes display nearly a 50% reduction in the numbers of thick filaments in indirect flight muscles and the tergal-depressor-of-the-trochanter muscle, resulting in disruption of the normal regular array of thick and thin filaments in these muscles. Other less regularly organized muscles, although having reduced numbers of thick filaments, appear to function adequately in Mhc1/+ flies (O'Donnell and Bernstein, 1988, J. Cell Biol. 107: 260-12). Mhc5 20% of heterozygotes display indented thorax and erect wings and are flightless; the remainder have normal phenotype but fly poorly. Homozygotes display erect wing phenotype. Judged to be antimorphic since not rescued by addition of Dp(2;3)osp3. Mhc5 interaction in double heterozygotes with other flightless mutants observed by Homyk and Emerson (1988, Genetics 119: 105-21). Heterozygous viability severely reduced in combination with hemizygous hdp2, int3, up101; or upx; rare escapers have gnarled legs, walk poorly, and die within two days of eclosion. Females doubly heterozygous for Mhc5 and hdp2, int3, up101; or upx have normal viability but are completely flightless and display abnormal wing posture. Mhc6 Heterozygotes fly moderately well and display normal wing posture; hemizygotes flightless and occasionally have abnormal wing posture. Double heterozygotes with hdp101, hdp102, int3, up101; or upx; but not hdp2, much more nearly flightless than Mhc6/+; wing posture normal. Mhc7 Indirect flight muscles accumulate little or no MHC, have no thick filaments, and show no organized myofibrils. The four smaller cells of the tergal depressor of the trochanter muscle (TDT) display reduction in thick filament number and myofibril size; large TDT cells unaffected. Flies jump 33% as well as wild type. Leg muscle MHC found in normal amounts (O'Donnell et al., 1989). Mhc8 Heterozygotes display indented thorax and erect wings. Judged to be antimorphic since not rescued by addition of Dp(2;3)osp3. Mhc8 interaction in double heterozygotes with other flightless mutants observed by Homyk and Emerson (1988, Genetics 119: 105-21). Heterozygous viability severely reduced in combination with either heterozygous or hemizygous hdp2, int3, and up101; lethal in upx/Y males. No interaction with the following: hdp3, hdp4, hdp5, hdp101, hdp102, up2, up3, or up102. Mhc9 Indirect flight muscles accumulate little or no MHC, have no thick filaments, and show no organized myofibrils. The four smaller cells of the TDT display reduction in thick filament number and myofibril size; large TDT cells unaffected. Flies jump 59% as well as wild type. Leg muscle MHC found in normal amounts (O'Donnell et al., 1989). Mhc10 Indirect flight muscles accumulate little or no MHC, have no thick filaments, and show no organized myofibrils. All 32 TDT cells lack thick filaments and lack myofibril organization. Flies cannot jump. Leg muscles accumulate 55% normal amounts of MHC (O'Donnell et al., 1989). Mhc11 Indirect flight muscles accumulate little or no MHC, have no thick filaments, and show no organized myofibrils. No apparent effect on TDT; unique among alleles in being capable of jumping. Leg muscle MHC found in normal amounts (O'Donnell et al., 1989). Mhc12 Indirect flight muscles accumulate little or no MHC, have no thick filaments, and show no organized myofibrils. The four smaller cells of the TDT display reduction in thick filament number and myofibril size; large TDT cells unaffected. Mhc13 A dominant flightless mutation; in homozygotes but not heterozygotes, the myofibrils of dorsolateral indirect flight muscles, although displaying normal morphology at eclosion, degenerate with time so that each cell is composed of a narrow strip of material connected to a bulged-out region. Some areas of the cells contain over-contracted sarcomeres and others show arrays of thick and thin filaments splayed throughout the cytoplasm. Abnormal morphology is recessive. Unlike the situation with other Mhc mutations, the dominant flightlessness of Mhc13 not rescued by the addition of a second dose of Mhc+. Mhc16 Heterozygotes display indented thorax and erect wings; flightless; hemizygotes semilethal, very inactive, have weak mesothoracic legs which are generally folded beneath the thorax; die prematurely after eclosion. Judged to be antimorphic since not rescued by addition of Dp(2;3)osp3. Mhc16 interaction in double heterozygotes with other flightless mutants observed by Homyk and Emerson (1988, Genetics 119: 105-21). Heterozygous viability severely reduced in combination with hemizygous hdp2, int3, up101; or upx; rare escapers have gnarled legs, walk poorly, and die within two days of eclosion. Sht: Shrunken thorax Heterozygotes exhibit an indentation across the dorsal mesothorax giving the appearance of shrunken thorax. Typically a groove runs across the thorax in a V shape. There is some variability in the expressivity; a small fraction of flies have only a marginal phenotype, but the penetrance is nearly complete. Newly emerged flies do not often show the phenotype or have only a faint line on the thorax; the groove becomes visible as the cuticle hardens. Mutant flies have good viability and fertility. Homozygous lethal.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02	Controlled Vocabulary Terms border follicle cell migration
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 36A8-36B2   Left limit from inclusion within Df(2L)H20 (FBrf0111447) Right limit from non-inclusion within Df(2L)H68 (FBrf0111447)
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 36B1-36B2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 36A-36A     (Gellon et al., 1997) 36B1-36B2     (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) 36B-36B   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Papaceit and Juan, 1993) 36B-36B   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (George et al., 1989) 36B1-36B2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (O'Donnell et al., 1989) 36B-36B   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Meisen et al., 1988) 36B-36B   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Bernstein et al., 1983)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-52 or 2-54.7   2-54.7 (Kulkarni and Babu, 1981) 2-51.3 (Grell, 1969) 2-52.4 (Nongthomba and Ramachandra, 1999) 26.1 (Babu and Ramachandra, 2007) 51.7 (Babu and Ramachandra, 2007) 53.1 (Babu and Ramachandra, 2007) 2-53.8 (Babu and Ramachandra, 2007) 2-51.6 (Babu and Ramachandra, 2007) 2-52.6 (Babu and Ramachandra, 2007) 2-52.0 (Babu and Ramachandra, 2007) 2-53.5 (Babu and Ramachandra, 2007) 2-51.5 (Babu and Ramachandra, 2007)
Left of (cM)	amos (Grell, 1969) cn (Kulkarni and Babu, 1981, Nongthomba and Ramachandra, 1999) pr (Kronert et al., 1999)
Right of (cM)	b (Nongthomba and Ramachandra, 1999) rd (Grell, 1969, Kronert et al., 1999)
Notes	Maps 2.8 +/- 0.4 units to the left of cn. (Kulkarni and Babu, 1981) Maps close to Mhc. (Nongthomba and Ramachandra, 1999) Map position of 26.1, 51.7 and 53.1 based on linkage mapping of Ifm(2)RU1[2], Ifm(2)RU1[3] and Ifm(2)RU1[4], respectively. (Babu and Ramachandra, 2007) Map position of 53.8, 51.6, 52.6, 52.0, 53.5 and 51.5 based on linkage mapping of ifm(2)RU2[10], ifm(2)RU2[11], ifm(2)RU2[12], ifm(2)RU2[13], ifm(2)RU2[14], and ifm(2)RU2[15], respectively. (Babu and Ramachandra, 2007)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Mhc for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.47 Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters. Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Mhc-RA FBtr0080896  NM_165187   6668   1962 Mhc-RB FBtr0080897  NM_165189   6668   1962 Mhc-RC FBtr0080898  NM_165181   6668   1962 Mhc-RD FBtr0080900  NM_165186   6668   1962 Mhc-RE FBtr0080899  NM_165183   6668   1962 Mhc-RF FBtr0080901  NM_165185   6668   1962 Mhc-RG FBtr0080895  NM_165182   6668   1962 Mhc-RH FBtr0080902  NM_078863   6668   1962 Mhc-RI FBtr0080903  NM_165188   6668   1962 Mhc-RK FBtr0080906  NM_165190   7170   1936 Mhc-RL FBtr0080905  NM_165191   7173   1936 Mhc-RM FBtr0080907  NM_165192   7170   1936 Mhc-RN FBtr0301827  NM_001169519   6735   1949 Mhc-RO FBtr0301828  NM_001169520   6833   1962 Mhc-RP FBtr0301829  NM_001169521   6732   1949 Mhc-RQ FBtr0307492  NM_165184   6813   1962 Mhc-RR FBtr0307493  NM_001259119   6671   1962 Mhc-RS FBtr0307494  NM_001259120   6826   1962 Mhc-RT FBtr0307495  NM_001259121   6621   1962 Mhc-RU FBtr0307496  NM_001259122   6895   1949
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	8.6, 8.0, 7.2 (northern blot) (Bernstein et al., 1986, Rozek and Davidson, 1986) 4.5, 4.2 (unknown) (Miedema et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Mhc-PA   FBpp0080453   224.6   1962   6.06     NP_724005   AAN10964 Mhc-PB   FBpp0080454   224.4   1962   6.01     NP_724007   AAN10967 Mhc-PC   FBpp0080455   224.4   1962   6.02     NP_723999   AAN10959 Mhc-PD   FBpp0080457   224.5   1962   6.02     NP_724004   AAN10963 Mhc-PE   FBpp0080456   224.6   1962   6.02     NP_724001   AAN10961 Mhc-PF   FBpp0080458   224.5   1962   6.05     NP_724003   AAN10962 Mhc-PG   FBpp0080452   224.5   1962   6.06     NP_724000   AAN10960 Mhc-PH   FBpp0080459   224.7   1962   6.02     NP_523587   AAN10966 Mhc-PI   FBpp0080460   224.6   1962   5.98     NP_724006   AAN10965 Mhc-PK   FBpp0080463   221.4   1936   6.10     NP_724008   AAN10968 Mhc-PL   FBpp0080462   221.5   1936   6.01     NP_724009   AAN10969 Mhc-PM   FBpp0080464   221.5   1936   6.05     NP_724010   AAN10970 Mhc-PN   FBpp0291041   223.0   1949   6.19     NP_001162990   ACZ94276 Mhc-PO   FBpp0291042   224.5   1962   6.06     NP_001162991   ACZ94277 Mhc-PP   FBpp0291043   222.8   1949   6.13     NP_001162992   ACZ94278 Mhc-PQ   FBpp0298827   224.6   1962   6.16     NP_724002   AAF53566 Mhc-PR   FBpp0298828   224.3   1962   6.06     NP_001246048   AFH03722 Mhc-PS   FBpp0298829   224.6   1962   6.23     NP_001246049   AFH03723 Mhc-PT   FBpp0298830   224.3   1962   6.14     NP_001246050   AFH03724 Mhc-PU   FBpp0298831   222.9   1949   6.14     NP_001246051   AFH03725
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	1962 (aa) (George et al., 1989) 155 (kD observed) (Miedema et al., 1995)
Comments	Mhc protein in used as a marker for the visceral muscles or their precursors, which overlie the epithelial foregut and hindgut. (Maeda et al., 2007) one of a couple of products generated by alternative splicing (FlyBase, 1992-, FlyBase, 1992-) 3'' end (FlyBase, 1992-) 5'' end (FlyBase, 1992-) this fragment corresponds to part of exon 17 encoded by g133629 and all of exon 18 encoded by g1335630; MHC2 RNA found in pupal adult stages only (FlyBase, 1992-) this fragment corresponds to part of exon 17 encoded by g133629 and all of exon 19 encoded by g1335631; MHC1 RNA found in pupal-adult and embryo-larval stages (FlyBase, 1992-) one of several products generated by alternative splicing (FlyBase, 1992-) 3' end (FlyBase, 1992-) corresponds to exon16 encoded by g1335628 (FlyBase, 1992-) At least 480 Mhc isoforms are theoretically encoded by the gene when all the different possible combinations of alternate exons are considered. The alternative exons encode sequences close to or within regions thought to have important structural or enzymatic functions. Putative functional domains and regions of exceptional sequence conservation, however, are most often distributed in both alternative and common exons. Some of the characterized domains map to exons as follows: a conserved hydrophobic pocket sequence in exons 3-4, the highly conserved ATP-binding domain in exon 4, the highly divergent proteolytic cleavage site that defines the 25-50kD junction in exon 4, two highly conserved regions of unidentified function in exons 4-6 and 8-9, the 50-20kD junction in exon 10, the primary actin-binding site in exon 10, a secondary actin-binding site in exon 11, the sites of myosin light chain binding in exon 12, the head-tail junction in exon 12, the hinge region in exons 14-16, and the non-coiled tailpiece in exons 17-19. (George et al., 1989) Predicted from sequence data (J02788). Encoded by transcript containing exon 3a. (Wassenberg et al., 1987) Predicted from sequence data (J02788). Encoded by transcript containing exon 3b. (Wassenberg et al., 1987) At least two different Mhc proteins are translated from different classes of RNA that are generated by alternative splicing at the 3'' end. One class of Mhc protein has 27 unique amino acids at the C-terminal end. (Bernstein et al., 1986) At least two different Mhc proteins are translated from different classes of RNA that are generated by alternative splicing at the 3'' end. This class of Mhc protein has 27 unique amino acids at the C-terminal end. (Rozek and Davidson, 1986) At least two different Mhc proteins are translated from different classes of RNA that are generated by alternative splicing at the 3' end. One class of Mhc protein has one unique amino acid at the C-terminal end. (Rozek and Davidson, 1986) At least two different Mhc proteins are translated from different classes of RNA that are generated by alternative splicing at the 3' end. This class of Mhc protein has 27 unique amino acids at the C-terminal end. (Rozek and Davidson, 1986)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Myosin-like IQ motif-containing domain (IPR027401) P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (IPR027417) IQ motif, EF-hand binding site (IPR000048) Myosin head, motor domain (IPR001609) Myosin tail (IPR002928) Myosin, N-terminal, SH3-like (IPR004009)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA441178   AA567464   AA567604   AA568068   AA694705   AA694916   AA695855   AA695996   AA696141   AA697207   AA697384   AA697440   AA697919   AA698064   AA698349   AA698384   AA698391   AA698580   AA698649   AA698849   AA802007   AA802114   AA950292   AA951378   AE014134 AAF53566   AE014134 AAN10959   AE014134 AAN10960   AE014134 AAN10961   AE014134 AAN10962   AE014134 AAN10963   AE014134 AAN10964   AE014134 AAN10965   AE014134 AAN10966   AE014134 AAN10967   AE014134 AAN10968   AE014134 AAN10969   AE014134 AAN10970   AE014134 ACZ94276   AE014134 ACZ94277   AE014134 ACZ94278   AE014134 AFH03722   AE014134 AFH03723   AE014134 AFH03724   AE014134 AFH03725   AI062917   AI106797   AI114246   AI133933   AI134400   AI134913   AI135393   AI293881   AI294474   AI390005   AI455882   AI946718   AQ025936   AY231751   BI352689   BI353550   BI354102   BI355873   BI482446   BI482454   BI574926   BI575156   BI575923   BI576688   BI576901   BI580048   BI583206   BI583551   BI587083   BI587908   BI605566   BI606893   BI608438   BI611847   BI613261   BI615583   BI618438   BI622831   BT056315   BX060640   CK131316   CK132875   CK661728   CO178661   CO185667   CO186968   CO187027   CO187944   CO189120   CO189274   CO190009   CO190068   CO262558   CO262660   CO263276   CO263476   CO263513   CO264669   CO268759   CO271363   CO272751   CO272769   CO273188   CO273603   CO273980   CO274009   CO275643   CO278494   CO279817   CO280507   CO281567   CO281905   CO282774   CO283733   CO283756   CO284621   CO285240   CO285473   CO287045   CO287717   CO287898   CO288345   CO291987   CO292292   CO293402   CO293931   CO294777   CO295615   CO295705   CO297153   CO297371   CO298170   CO298623   CO300036   CO300219   CO300230   CO300753   CO301491   CO302690   CO304227   CO305708   CO306413   CO310369   CO313284   CO313293   CO313395   CO315052   CO315145   CO315181   CO316067   CO316654   CO316736   CO316861   CO317919   CO318654   CO319268   CO321036   CO321188   CO321335   CO321531   CO322131   CO323282   CO323595   CO324271   CO324445   CO324523   CO325537   CO326778   CO328572   CO328850   CO330868   CO331406   CO332038   CO332646   CO339804   CO339902   CO339974   CO340281   CO340591   CO341029   CO341756   CO343244   CZ475933   DN154074   DU708637   EC058632   EC058992   EC058993   EC060059   EC060372   EC062290   EC062356   EC063350   EC064042   EC064459   EC065200   EC065623   EC066190   EC066877   EC067512   EC067803   EC068863   EC068925   EC070836   EC071875   EC072456   EC072690   EC074755   EC075055   EC075113   EC078035   EC078174   EC078357   EC079281   EC082214   EC083204   EC083313   EC083921   EC084996   EC085603   EC087108   EC088681   EC089460   EC090479   EC195412   EC195493   EC195494   EC196205   EC196693   EC200208   EC200479   EC200984   EC202626   EC203456   EC204049   EC204466   EC204467   EC206012   EC206575   EC207488   EC208769   EC209379   EC210746   EC212149   EC212591   EC212701   EC212912   EC214000   EC214315   EC214350   EC216558   EC217210   EC217220   EC217802   EC219606   EC219683   EC220791   EC222198   EC222358   EC222592   EC222760   EC223033   EC223061   EC223698   EC225382   EC225556   EC226109   EC227111   EC229893   EC231636   EC232567   EC232744   EC233795   EC234731   EC234887   EC234961   EC235519   EC236364   EC236570   EC237708   EC238871   EC238872   EC240563   EC240812   EC241959   EC245822   EC247421   EC249720   EC252134   EC252459   EC254573   EC254936   EC255349   EC257616   EC258145   EC258188   EL875214   EL875215   EL875342   EL875343   EL882184   EL884187   EL884188   ES689466   ES689528   ES690056   ES691152   ES691173   ES691184   ES691210   ES691220   ES691227   ES691229   ES691250   ES691281   ES691314   ES691319   ES691359   ES691363   ES691369   ES691390   ES691404   ES691542   ES691574   ES691588   ES691589   ES691592   ES691593   ES691622   ES691661   ES691666   ES691691   ES691697   ES691711   ES691734   ES691740   ES691750   ES691762   ES691766   ES691802   ES691811   ES691815   ES691834   ES691841   ES691844   ES691847   ES691857   ES691862   ES691887   ES693842   ES694392   ES694420   ES694512   ES694615   ES694627   ES694650   ES694738   ES694773   ES694774   ES694789   ES694801   ES694817   ES694903   ES694989   ES694991   ES695004   ES695010   ES695032   ES695107   ES695149   ES695154   ES695159   ES695973   ES696605   ES696608   EV576488   GH944519   GH948559   GH949709   GH950430   GH951302   GH952798   GH953236   GH964649   GH968460   GH970612   GH972973   GH977153   GH978280   GH980879   HQ384085   J01115   J02788 AAA28706   J02788 AAA28707   M12741 AAA28704   M12741 AAA28705   M13360 AAA28708   M13360 AAA28709   M61229 AAA28686   M61229 AAA28687   S78531 AAB34531   X53155 CAA37308   X53155 CAA37309   X53155 CAA37310   X53155 CAA37311   X60196 CAA42752   X60196 CAA42753   X60196 CAA42754   Z50607   Z50660
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P05661
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	E1JHJ5 E1JHJ3 E1JHJ4 Q24410 Q24411 Q26433
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References regulatory region FBsf0000435035 2L:16,760,979..16,761,458 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Gajewski and Schulz, 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435040 2L:16,765,219..16,765,740 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Gajewski and Schulz, 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435045 2L:16,766,937..16,768,423 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Hess et al., 2007, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435328 2L:16,768,094..16,768,546 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Gajewski and Schulz, 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435356 2L:16,761,811..16,762,301 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Gajewski and Schulz, 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435474 2L:16,766,421..16,767,051 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Gajewski and Schulz, 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435635 2L:16,766,284..16,768,854 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Hess et al., 2007, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436043 2L:16,763,414..16,763,993 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Gajewski and Schulz, 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436145 2L:16,766,938..16,768,095 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Hess et al., 2007, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436281 2L:16,767,531..16,768,208 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Gajewski and Schulz, 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436296 2L:16,764,728..16,765,276 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Gajewski and Schulz, 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436537 2L:16,761,378..16,761,887 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Gajewski and Schulz, 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436769 2L:16,766,939..16,767,666 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Gajewski and Schulz, 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   somatic muscle   (Corbin et al., 1991) embryonic stage 16   visceral muscle   (Levin et al., 1989) somatic muscle   (Levin et al., 1989) pupal stage | late   skeletal muscle of abdomen   (Levin et al., 1989) skeletal muscle of leg   (Levin et al., 1989) skeletal muscle of thorax   (Levin et al., 1989) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   somatic mesoderm   (Corbin et al., 1991) adult stage   proboscis muscle   (Kronert et al., 1991) mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66   (Kronert et al., 1991, Hastings and Emerson, 1991) mesothoracic pleurosternal muscle   (Kronert et al., 1991) skeletal muscle of leg   (Kronert et al., 1991) indirect flight muscle   (Hastings and Emerson, 1991, Kronert et al., 1991) basalar muscle 52   (Hastings and Emerson, 1991) adult esophageal muscle   (Hastings and Emerson, 1991) basalar muscle 51   (Hastings and Emerson, 1991) microinjection Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   embryonic/larval muscle system   (Collier et al., 1990) adult stage   mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66   (Collier et al., 1990) skeletal muscle of leg   (Collier et al., 1990) skeletal muscle of head   (Collier et al., 1990) intracoxal levator muscle   (Collier et al., 1990) indirect flight muscle   (Collier et al., 1990) skeletal muscle of abdomen   (Collier et al., 1990) intracoxal depressor muscle   (Collier et al., 1990) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | late & larval stage   organism   (Rozek and Davidson, 1986, Bernstein et al., 1986) pharate adult stage & adult stage   organism   (Rozek and Davidson, 1986, Bernstein et al., 1986) adult stage | male   testis   (Miedema et al., 1995) adult stage   adult thorax   (Bernstein et al., 1986) adult head   (Bernstein et al., 1986) adult abdomen   (Bernstein et al., 1986) radioisotope in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference pupal stage | late   indirect flight muscle   (O'Donnell et al., 1989) proboscis muscle   (O'Donnell et al., 1989) skeletal muscle of leg   (O'Donnell et al., 1989) mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66   (O'Donnell et al., 1989)
Additional Descriptive Data
	The Mhc transcript of this structure is the main form expressed in the TDT (mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66) and in direct flight muscle 51. (Hastings and Emerson, 1991) The Mhc transcript of this structure is the main form expressed in direct flight muscle 52 and in esophageal muscle. (Hastings and Emerson, 1991) The Mhc transcript of this structure is the main form expressed in the indirect flight muscle. (Hastings and Emerson, 1991)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage | male   testis   (Miedema et al., 1995) immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 12 -- 17   embryonic foregut   (Fuss et al., 2004) Comment:mesodermal cells embryonic stage 15 -- 16   myotube   (Yarnitzky et al., 1998) embryonic stage 16   embryonic/larval dorsal vessel   (Lovato et al., 2002) embryonic/larval heart   (Lovato et al., 2002) embryonic/larval aorta   (Lovato et al., 2002) embryonic/larval somatic muscle   (Lovato et al., 2002) embryonic stage 16 -- 17   embryonic/larval somatic muscle   (Dworak and Sink, 2002) embryonic stage 17   embryonic proventriculus   (Fuss et al., 2004) mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male   spermatozoon   (Wasbrough et al., 2010) day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood   adult heart   (Cammarato et al., 2011) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 4   organism   (Shandala et al., 1999) Comment:0-2 hr AEL organism   • nucleus (Shandala et al., 1999) Comment:nuclear extract
Additional Descriptive Data
	Mhc protein is expressed in the mesodermal cells of the developing embryonic foregut. (Fuss et al., 2004) The 155kD form of Mhc protein is mainly detected in testis. (Miedema et al., 1995) Mef2 protein is localized to the nuclei of all embryonic somatic and visceral muscle cells and muscle cell precursors. (Lovato et al., 2002)
Marker for
	myotube embryonic visceral muscle
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
A band inferred from direct assay (Hudson et al., 2008) muscle myosin complex inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Kronert et al., 1991) polytene chromosome puff inferred from direct assay (Nongthomba and Ramachandra, 1999) sarcomere inferred from direct assay (Standiford et al., 1997) striated muscle myosin thick filament inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Kronert et al., 1991)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{GAL4-Mhc.W} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   embryonic/larval muscle system   (Schuster et al., 1996) Reporter: P{Mhc-Switch.O} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   somatic muscle   (Osterwalder et al., 2001) first instar larval stage -- wandering third instar larval stage   somatic muscle   (Osterwalder et al., 2001)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    73 head, virgin 1-day female    832 head, virgin 4-day female    274 head, virgin 20-day female    118 head, mated 1-day female    670 head, mated 4-day female    200 head, mated 20-day female    117 head, mated 1-day male    566 head, mated 4-day male    158 head, mated 20-day male    129 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    7 digestive system, 1-day adult    59 digestive system, 4-day adult    71 digestive system, 20-day adult    42 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    40 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    223 carcass, 1-day adult    1612 carcass, 4-day adult    497 carcass, 20-day adult    202 ovary, virgin 4-day female    5 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    9 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8  (73) head, virgin 1-day female  (832) head, virgin 4-day female  (274) head, virgin 20-day female  (118) head, mated 1-day female  (670) head, mated 4-day female  (200) head, mated 20-day female  (117) head, mated 1-day male  (566) head, mated 4-day male  (158) head, mated 20-day male  (129) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    7 digestive system, 1-day adult  (59) digestive system, 4-day adult  (71) digestive system, 20-day adult  (42) fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8  (40) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (223) carcass, 1-day adult  (1612) carcass, 4-day adult  (497) carcass, 20-day adult  (202) ovary, virgin 4-day female    5 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    9 accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (30) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    73 head, virgin 1-day female  (832) head, virgin 4-day female  (274) head, virgin 20-day female  (118) head, mated 1-day female  (670) head, mated 4-day female  (200) head, mated 20-day female  (117) head, mated 1-day male  (566) head, mated 4-day male  (158) head, mated 20-day male  (129) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    7 digestive system, 1-day adult    59 digestive system, 4-day adult    71 digestive system, 20-day adult    42 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    40 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (223) carcass, 1-day adult  (1612) carcass, 4-day adult  (497) carcass, 20-day adult  (202) ovary, virgin 4-day female    5 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    9 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    73 head, virgin 1-day female    832 head, virgin 4-day female    274 head, virgin 20-day female    118 head, mated 1-day female    670 head, mated 4-day female    200 head, mated 20-day female    117 head, mated 1-day male    566 head, mated 4-day male    158 head, mated 20-day male    129 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    7 digestive system, 1-day adult    59 digestive system, 4-day adult    71 digestive system, 20-day adult    42 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    40 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    223 carcass, 1-day adult    1612 carcass, 4-day adult    497 carcass, 20-day adult    202 ovary, virgin 4-day female    5 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    9 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    30 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    73 head, virgin 1-day female    832 head, virgin 4-day female    274 head, virgin 20-day female    118 head, mated 1-day female    670 head, mated 4-day female    200 head, mated 20-day female    117 head, mated 1-day male    566 head, mated 4-day male    158 head, mated 20-day male    129 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    7 digestive system, 1-day adult    59 digestive system, 4-day adult    71 digestive system, 20-day adult    42 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    40 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    223 carcass, 1-day adult    1612 carcass, 4-day adult    497 carcass, 20-day adult    202 ovary, virgin 4-day female    5 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    9 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8  (73) head, virgin 1-day female  (832) head, virgin 4-day female  (274) head, virgin 20-day female  (118) head, mated 1-day female  (670) head, mated 4-day female  (200) head, mated 20-day female  (117) head, mated 1-day male  (566) head, mated 4-day male  (158) head, mated 20-day male  (129) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    7 digestive system, 1-day adult  (59) digestive system, 4-day adult  (71) digestive system, 20-day adult  (42) fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8  (40) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (223) carcass, 1-day adult  (1612) carcass, 4-day adult  (497) carcass, 20-day adult  (202) ovary, virgin 4-day female    5 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    9 accessory gland, mated 4-day male  30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    73 head, virgin 1-day female  (832) head, virgin 4-day female  (274) head, virgin 20-day female  118 head, mated 1-day female  (670) head, mated 4-day female  (200) head, mated 20-day female  117 head, mated 1-day male  (566) head, mated 4-day male  (158) head, mated 20-day male  129 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    7 digestive system, 1-day adult    59 digestive system, 4-day adult    71 digestive system, 20-day adult    42 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    40 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (223) carcass, 1-day adult  (1612) carcass, 4-day adult  (497) carcass, 20-day adult  (202) ovary, virgin 4-day female    5 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    9 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    73 head, virgin 1-day female    832 head, virgin 4-day female    274 head, virgin 20-day female    118 head, mated 1-day female    670 head, mated 4-day female    200 head, mated 20-day female    117 head, mated 1-day male    566 head, mated 4-day male    158 head, mated 20-day male    129 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    7 digestive system, 1-day adult    59 digestive system, 4-day adult    71 digestive system, 20-day adult    42 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    40 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    223 carcass, 1-day adult    1612 carcass, 4-day adult    497 carcass, 20-day adult    202 ovary, virgin 4-day female    5 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    9 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    7 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr    38 embryo 12-14hr    146 embryo 14-16hr    762 embryo 16-18hr    1135 embryo 18-20hr    1629 embryo 20-22hr    1292 embryo 22-24hr    1256 larva L1    996 larva L2    1327 larva L3 12hr old    2417 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    922 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    508 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    96 white prepupae new    19 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP    318 pupae 3d postWPP    2749 pupae 4d postWPP    3422 adult male 01day    1886 adult male 05day    535 adult male 30day    278 adult female 01day    1218 adult female 05day    74 adult female 30day    75 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    7 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr  (38) embryo 12-14hr  (146) embryo 14-16hr  (762) embryo 16-18hr  (1135) embryo 18-20hr  (1629) embryo 20-22hr  (1292) embryo 22-24hr  (1256) larva L1  (996) larva L2  (1327) larva L3 12hr old  (2417) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (922) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (508) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (96) white prepupae new    19 white prepupae 12hr  (33) white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP  (318) pupae 3d postWPP  (2749) pupae 4d postWPP  (3422) adult male 01day  (1886) adult male 05day  (535) adult male 30day  (278) adult female 01day  (1218) adult female 05day  (74) adult female 30day  (75) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    7 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr    38 embryo 12-14hr  (146) embryo 14-16hr  (762) embryo 16-18hr  (1135) embryo 18-20hr  (1629) embryo 20-22hr  (1292) embryo 22-24hr  (1256) larva L1  (996) larva L2  (1327) larva L3 12hr old  (2417) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (922) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (508) larva L3 puffstage 7-9    96 white prepupae new    19 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP  (318) pupae 3d postWPP  (2749) pupae 4d postWPP  (3422) adult male 01day  (1886) adult male 05day  (535) adult male 30day  (278) adult female 01day  (1218) adult female 05day    74 adult female 30day    75 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    7 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr    38 embryo 12-14hr    146 embryo 14-16hr    762 embryo 16-18hr    1135 embryo 18-20hr    1629 embryo 20-22hr    1292 embryo 22-24hr    1256 larva L1    996 larva L2    1327 larva L3 12hr old    2417 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    922 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    508 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    96 white prepupae new    19 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP    318 pupae 3d postWPP    2749 pupae 4d postWPP    3422 adult male 01day    1886 adult male 05day    535 adult male 30day    278 adult female 01day    1218 adult female 05day    74 adult female 30day    75 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    7 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr    38 embryo 12-14hr    146 embryo 14-16hr    762 embryo 16-18hr    1135 embryo 18-20hr    1629 embryo 20-22hr    1292 embryo 22-24hr    1256 larva L1    996 larva L2    1327 larva L3 12hr old    2417 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    922 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    508 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    96 white prepupae new    19 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP    318 pupae 3d postWPP    2749 pupae 4d postWPP    3422 adult male 01day    1886 adult male 05day    535 adult male 30day    278 adult female 01day    1218 adult female 05day    74 adult female 30day    75 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    7 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr  (38) embryo 12-14hr  (146) embryo 14-16hr  (762) embryo 16-18hr  (1135) embryo 18-20hr  (1629) embryo 20-22hr  (1292) embryo 22-24hr  (1256) larva L1  (996) larva L2  (1327) larva L3 12hr old  (2417) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (922) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (508) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (96) white prepupae new    19 white prepupae 12hr  (33) white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP  (318) pupae 3d postWPP  (2749) pupae 4d postWPP  (3422) adult male 01day  (1886) adult male 05day  (535) adult male 30day  (278) adult female 01day  (1218) adult female 05day  (74) adult female 30day  (75) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    7 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr    38 embryo 12-14hr  (146) embryo 14-16hr  (762) embryo 16-18hr  (1135) embryo 18-20hr  (1629) embryo 20-22hr  (1292) embryo 22-24hr  (1256) larva L1  (996) larva L2  (1327) larva L3 12hr old  (2417) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (922) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (508) larva L3 puffstage 7-9    96 white prepupae new    19 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP  (318) pupae 3d postWPP  (2749) pupae 4d postWPP  (3422) adult male 01day  (1886) adult male 05day  (535) adult male 30day  (278) adult female 01day  (1218) adult female 05day    74 adult female 30day    75 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    7 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr    38 embryo 12-14hr    146 embryo 14-16hr    762 embryo 16-18hr    1135 embryo 18-20hr    1629 embryo 20-22hr    1292 embryo 22-24hr    1256 larva L1    996 larva L2    1327 larva L3 12hr old    2417 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    922 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    508 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    96 white prepupae new    19 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    13 pupae 2d postWPP    318 pupae 3d postWPP    2749 pupae 4d postWPP    3422 adult male 01day    1886 adult male 05day    535 adult male 30day    278 adult female 01day    1218 adult female 05day    74 adult female 30day    75 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    3 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    3 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    3 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    3 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    3 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    3 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    3 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    3 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    121 cold shock, 4-day adult    80 heat shock, 4-day adult    552 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    566 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    246 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    773 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    72 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    882 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    566 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    163 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    157 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    593 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    633 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    760 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    126 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    181 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    228 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    399 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    896 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (121) cold shock, 4-day adult  (80) heat shock, 4-day adult  (552) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (566) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (246) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (773) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (72) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (882) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (76) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (566) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (163) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (157) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (593) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (633) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (760) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (51) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (126) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (181) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (228) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (399) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (896) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (121) cold shock, 4-day adult    80 heat shock, 4-day adult  (552) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (566) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (246) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (773) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    72 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (882) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (566) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (163) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (157) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (593) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (633) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (760) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (126) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (181) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (228) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (399) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (896) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    121 cold shock, 4-day adult    80 heat shock, 4-day adult    552 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    566 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    246 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    773 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    72 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    882 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    566 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    163 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    157 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    593 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    633 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    760 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    126 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    181 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    228 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    399 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    896 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    121 cold shock, 4-day adult    80 heat shock, 4-day adult    552 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    566 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    246 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    773 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    72 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    882 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    566 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    163 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    157 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    593 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    633 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    760 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    126 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    181 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    228 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    399 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    896 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (121) cold shock, 4-day adult  (80) heat shock, 4-day adult  (552) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (566) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (246) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (773) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (72) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (882) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (76) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (566) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (163) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (157) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (593) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (633) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (760) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (51) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (126) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (181) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (228) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (399) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (896) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  121 cold shock, 4-day adult    80 heat shock, 4-day adult  (552) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (566) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (246) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (773) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    72 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (882) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (566) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (163) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (157) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (593) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (633) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (760) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  126 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (181) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (228) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (399) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (896) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    121 cold shock, 4-day adult    80 heat shock, 4-day adult    552 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    566 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    246 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    773 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    72 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    882 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    566 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    163 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    157 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    593 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    633 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    760 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    126 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    181 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    228 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    399 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    896 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_18 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_10
External Data & Images
Linkouts
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal Mhc1 Mhc2 Mhc3 Mhc4 Mhc8 Mhc14 MhcS2 lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU MhcGD1485 lethal, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu MhcGD1485 lethal, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR MhcGD1485 lethal, with Scer\GAL4tsh-md621 MhcGD1485 lethal (with Df(2L)H20) Mhc2B Mhc2F lethal (with Mhc1) Mhc2B Mhc2F Mhc2L2881 lethal (with Mhc2B) Mhc1 lethal (with Mhc2F) Mhc1 lethal (with Mhc2L2881) Mhc1 Mhc3 Mhc4 lethal (with Mhc3) Mhc2L2881 lethal (with Mhc4) Mhc2L2881 lethal | embryonic stage Mhcrv1 Mhcrv2 Mhcrv3 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive Mhc1 lethal | larval stage | recessive Mhc2 lethal | male, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 MhcGD1485 lethal | recessive Mhc1 Mhc2 Mhc2B Mhc2F Mhc2L2881 Mhc3 Mhc4 Mhc8 MhcD41 MhcD45 MhcD62 MhcDCS Mhck10423 MhcS1 MhcSht MhcYD0783 lethal | recessive | heat sensitive Mhc13 partially lethal - majority die Mhc16 viable Mhc1 Mhc2D Mhc5 Mhc6 Mhc7 Mhc9 Mhc10 Mhc11 Mhc13 Mhc19 MhcIfm(2)RU1-2 MhcIfm(2)RU1-3 MhcIfm(2)RU1-4 Mhcifm(2)RU2-2 Mhcifm(2)RU2-3 Mhcifm(2)RU2-8 Mhcifm(2)RU2-10 Mhcifm(2)RU2-11 Mhcifm(2)RU2-12 Mhcifm(2)RU2-13 Mhcifm(2)RU2-14 Mhcifm(2)RU2-15 MhcL1736P MhcLA00447 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 MhcGD1485 viable (with Mhck10423) MhcWee-P26 viable (with MhcWee-P26) Mhck10423 viable | reduced MhcE1570K Mhcifm(2)RU2-4 Mhcifm(2)RU2-5 Mhcifm(2)RU2-6 Mhcifm(2)RU2-7 Mhcifm(2)RU2-9 Sterility Allele female fertile MhcE1570K fertile Mhc5 MhcIfm(2)RU1-3 MhcIfm(2)RU1-4 male sterile | recessive MhcE1570K sterile | recessive MhcIfm(2)RU1-2 Mhcifm(2)RU2-2 Mhcifm(2)RU2-3 MhcL1736P Other Phenotypes Allele behavior defective Mhc+memb behavior defective | dominant Mhc5 behavior defective | dominant | heat sensitive MhcS2 behavior defective | recessive | heat sensitive MhcS1 flight defective Mhcemb.ex18 MhcR21-1.Act88F MhcR57-24.Act88F flight defective, with Mhc10 Mhc15b MhcR759E.t12.4 flight defective, with Mhc15b Mhc10 flight defective, with MhcR759E.t12.4 Mhc10 flight defective | dominant Mhc7 MhcD1 MhcD41 MhcD45 MhcD62 flight defective | recessive Mhc2D flightless Mhc1 Mhc10 Mhc13 MhcE1570K MhcL1736P MhcR57-24.Act88F MhcR759E.t12.4 flightless, with Mhc10 Mhc+memb MhcEMB-3b MhcEMB-7d MhcEMB-9a MhcEMB-IC MhcR57-24.Act88F flightless, with Mhc+memb Mhc10 flightless, with MhcEMB-3b Mhc10 flightless, with MhcEMB-7d Mhc10 flightless, with MhcEMB-9a Mhc10 flightless, with MhcEMB-IC Mhc10 flightless, with MhcR57-24.Act88F Mhc10 flightless (with Mhc10) Mhc13 MhcE701K flightless (with Mhc13) Mhc10 flightless (with MhcE701K) Mhc10 flightless (with MhcE1570K) MhcL1736P flightless (with MhcL1736P) MhcE1570K flightless | dominant Mhc1 Mhc2 Mhc2B Mhc2F Mhc7 Mhc8 Mhc10 Mhc12 Mhc13 Mhc15 Mhc16 Mhc17 Mhc18 Mhc19 Mhc20 Mhc21 Mhc+memb MhcDCS MhcM125 MhcS1 MhcS2 flightless | recessive MhcIfm(2)RU1-2 MhcIfm(2)RU1-3 MhcIfm(2)RU1-4 Mhcifm(2)RU2-10 Mhcifm(2)RU2-11 Mhcifm(2)RU2-12 Mhcifm(2)RU2-13 Mhcifm(2)RU2-14 Mhcifm(2)RU2-15 MhcL1736P flightless | semidominant Mhc5 Mhc6 MhcE1570K jumping defective Mhc10 Mhc+memb Mhc+t12.4 jumping defective, with Mhc10 Mhc15b MhcEMB-7d MhcEMB-9a jumping defective, with Mhc15b Mhc10 jumping defective, with MhcEMB-7d Mhc10 jumping defective, with MhcEMB-9a Mhc10 jumping defective (with Mhc10) MhcE701K jumping defective (with MhcE701K) Mhc10 locomotor behavior defective | dominant Mhc2B neurophysiology defective | dominant Mhc5 neurophysiology defective | dominant | heat sensitive MhcS1 neurophysiology defective | recessive MhcS2 visible Mhc10 Mhc13 MhcR57-24.Act88F visible, with Mhc10 MhcR57-24.Act88F visible, with MhcR57-24.Act88F Mhc10 visible (with Mhc2B) Mhc13 visible (with Mhc10) Mhc13 visible (with Mhc13) Mhc2B Mhc10 visible | dominant Mhc2F Mhc8 Mhc16 Mhc278A MhcSht visible | recessive Mhc5 MhcL1736P visible | semidominant Mhc5 MhcE1570K wild-type Mhc+t41.9 Phenotype manifest in Allele adult external thorax MhcS1 Mhc278A adult heart, with Scer\GAL4HCH.Hand MhcdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa adult thorax Mhc8 Mhc16 adult thorax | dorsal Mhc5 border follicle cell | somatic clone Mhc3 Mhc1 dorsal air sac primordium | somatic clone Mhc3 Mhc2L2881 dorsal medial muscle MhcE1570K MhcIfm(2)RU1-2 MhcIfm(2)RU1-3 MhcIfm(2)RU1-4 Mhcifm(2)RU2-12 MhcL1736P Mhcifm(2)RU2-13 Mhcifm(2)RU2-15 Mhcifm(2)RU2-10 Mhcifm(2)RU2-14 Mhcifm(2)RU2-11 dorsal medial muscle 45a Mhc13 Mhc19 dorsal medial muscle 45b Mhc13 Mhc19 dorsal medial muscle 45c Mhc13 Mhc19 dorsal medial muscle 45d Mhc13 Mhc19 dorsal medial muscle 45e Mhc13 Mhc19 dorsal medial muscle 45f Mhc13 Mhc19 dorsal medial muscle & myofibril MhcE1570K dorsal medial muscle | heat sensitive MhcS1 dorsal mesothorax MhcSht embryonic/larval somatic muscle Mhc1 embryonic somatic muscle Mhc1 embryonic visceral muscle Mhc1 indirect flight muscle Mhc13 MhcR21-1.Act88F MhcS1 Mhc10 Mhc19 Mhc7 Mhc5 MhcR57-24.Act88F Mhc6 Mhc1 MhcE1570K MhcIfm(2)RU1-2 MhcIfm(2)RU1-3 MhcIfm(2)RU1-4 Mhcifm(2)RU2-12 MhcL1736P Mhcifm(2)RU2-13 Mhcifm(2)RU2-15 Mhcifm(2)RU2-10 Mhcifm(2)RU2-14 Mhcifm(2)RU2-11 indirect flight muscle, with Mhc10 Mhc15b MhcEMB-7d MhcEMB-IC Mhc+memb MhcEMB-3b indirect flight muscle, with Mhc15b Mhc10 indirect flight muscle, with Mhc+memb Mhc10 indirect flight muscle, with MhcEMB-3b Mhc10 indirect flight muscle, with MhcEMB-7d Mhc10 indirect flight muscle, with MhcEMB-IC Mhc10 indirect flight muscle (with Mhc2B) Mhc13 indirect flight muscle (with Mhc10) MhcE701K Mhc13 indirect flight muscle (with Mhc13) Mhc10 Mhc2B indirect flight muscle (with MhcE701K) Mhc10 indirect flight muscle & myofibril MhcR21-1.Act88F Mhc10 MhcR57-24.Act88F MhcL1736P indirect flight muscle & sarcomere MhcR21-1.Act88F Mhc10 MhcR57-24.Act88F indirect flight muscle & striated muscle thick filament MhcR21-1.Act88F Mhc10 MhcR57-24.Act88F indirect flight muscle & Z disc MhcR21-1.Act88F Mhc10 MhcR57-24.Act88F indirect flight muscle | adult stage, with Mhc10 MhcEMB-9c11d Mhc+memb MhcEMB-11d indirect flight muscle | adult stage, with Mhc+memb Mhc10 indirect flight muscle | adult stage, with MhcEMB-9c11d Mhc10 indirect flight muscle | adult stage, with MhcEMB-11d Mhc10 indirect flight muscle | heat sensitive Mhc5 MhcS2 indirect flight muscle | pupal stage, with Mhc10 MhcEMB-9c11d indirect flight muscle | pupal stage, with MhcEMB-9c11d Mhc10 male accessory gland Mhcifm(2)RU2-2 Mhcifm(2)RU2-3 M band, with Mhc10 Mhc15b M band, with Mhc15b Mhc10 mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66 Mhc13 Mhc10 Mhc7 Mhc5 Mhc11 Mhc+memb Mhc+t12.4 Mhc9 Mhcifm(2)RU2-12 Mhcifm(2)RU2-13 Mhcifm(2)RU2-15 Mhcifm(2)RU2-10 Mhcifm(2)RU2-14 Mhcifm(2)RU2-11 mesothoracic femur MhcS1 mesothoracic leg | heat sensitive MhcS1 MhcS2 metathoracic femur Mhc278A mitochondrion & mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66 Mhc5 muscle attachment site MhcS1 myofibril Mhc7 MhcM125 Mhc20 Mhc18 Mhc17 Mhc21 MhcR759E.t12.4 myofibril, with Mhc10 Mhc15b MhcEMB-7d Mhc+memb Mhcemb.ex18 myofibril, with Mhc15b Mhc10 myofibril, with Mhc+memb Mhc10 myofibril, with MhcEMB-7d Mhc10 myofibril, with Mhcemb.ex18 Mhc10 myofibril, with Scer\GAL4HCH.Hand MhcdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa myofibril (with Mhc10) MhcE701K Mhcemb.ex18 myofibril (with MhcE701K) Mhc10 myofibril (with Mhcemb.ex18) Mhc10 myofibril & indirect flight muscle Mhc13 Mhc6 myofibril & mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66 Mhc13 Mhc5 myofibril | adult stage, with Mhc10 MhcEMB-9c11d Mhc+memb MhcEMB-11d myofibril | adult stage, with Mhc+memb Mhc10 myofibril | adult stage, with MhcEMB-9c11d Mhc10 myofibril | adult stage, with MhcEMB-11d Mhc10 myofibril | P-stage MhcDCS myofibril | pupal stage, with Mhc10 MhcEMB-9c11d myofibril | pupal stage, with MhcEMB-9c11d Mhc10 myosin filament (with Mhc10) MhcE701K myosin filament (with MhcE701K) Mhc10 myosin filament & embryonic somatic muscle Mhc1 myosin filament & mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66 Mhc5 ovariole Mhcifm(2)RU2-2 ovary Mhcifm(2)RU2-2 Mhcifm(2)RU2-3 sarcolemma (with Mhc10) MhcE701K sarcolemma (with MhcE701K) Mhc10 sarcomere & indirect flight muscle Mhc13 sarcomere | adult stage MhcE1570K MhcL1736P skeletal muscle of leg Mhc10 spermatozoon Mhcifm(2)RU2-2 Mhcifm(2)RU2-3 striated muscle myosin thick filament Mhc9 striated muscle myosin thick filament (with Mhc10) MhcE701K striated muscle myosin thick filament (with MhcE701K) Mhc10 striated muscle thick filament & indirect flight muscle Mhc13 Mhc6 striated muscle thick filament & mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66 Mhc13 striated muscle thin filament & indirect flight muscle Mhc13 Mhc6 striated muscle thin filament & mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66 Mhc13 testis Mhcifm(2)RU2-2 Mhcifm(2)RU2-3 wing Mhc13 Mhc8 Mhc10 Mhc2F Mhc16 MhcR57-24.Act88F MhcE1570K MhcL1736P wing, with Mhc10 MhcR57-24.Act88F wing, with MhcR57-24.Act88F Mhc10 wing (with Mhc2B) Mhc13 wing (with Mhc10) Mhc13 wing (with Mhc13) Mhc10 Mhc2B Z disc (with Mhc10) MhcE701K Z disc (with MhcE701K) Mhc10 Z disc | adult stage MhcE1570K MhcL1736P
Classical Alleles ( 66 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Mhc Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Mhc5 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes Mhck10423 P-element activity 2 -- MhcLA00447 P-element activity 2 -- Mhcd07814 P-element activity 1 -- MhcMI03941 1 -- Mhc10 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes Mhc1 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes Mhc7 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes Mhc11 0 Yes Mhc12 0 -- Mhc13 neomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Mhc14 0 -- Mhc15 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- Mhc16 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Mhc17 0 -- Mhc18 0 -- Mhc19 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Mhc20 0 -- Mhc21 0 -- Mhc278A ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Mhc2 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 0 Yes Mhc2B ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Mhc2D ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Mhc2F ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Mhc2L2881 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Mhc3 spontaneous 0 Yes Mhc4 spontaneous 0 Yes Mhc6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Mhc8 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes Mhc9 loss of function allele 0 Yes MhcD1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes MhcD41 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes MhcD45 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes MhcD62 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes MhcDCS ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- MhcE1570K ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes MhcFO FLPase 0 Yes MhcIfm(2)RU1-2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- MhcIfm(2)RU1-3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- MhcIfm(2)RU1-4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Mhcifm(2)RU2-10 0 -- Mhcifm(2)RU2-11 0 -- Mhcifm(2)RU2-12 0 -- Mhcifm(2)RU2-13 0 -- Mhcifm(2)RU2-14 0 -- Mhcifm(2)RU2-15 0 -- Mhcifm(2)RU2-2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Mhcifm(2)RU2-3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Mhcifm(2)RU2-4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Mhcifm(2)RU2-5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Mhcifm(2)RU2-6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Mhcifm(2)RU2-7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Mhcifm(2)RU2-8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Mhcifm(2)RU2-9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- MhcL1736P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes MhcM125 0 -- MhcPT1 Delta2-3 0 Yes Mhcrv1 gamma ray 0 -- Mhcrv2 gamma ray 0 -- Mhcrv3 gamma ray 0 -- MhcS1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes MhcS2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes MhcSht ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Mhcunspecified 0 -- MhcWee-P26 0 Yes MhcYD0783 piggyBac transposase 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 69 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Mhc Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion MhcGD1485 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes MhcHMS01471 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes MhcJF02069 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes MhcKK102402 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Mhc#1 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes Mhc#8 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes Mhc+Int5.CAG in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct 0 Yes Mhc+Int5 in vitro construct 0 Yes Mhc+memb antimorphic allele - genetic evidence in vitro construct - minigene 0 Yes Mhc+t11.7 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes Mhc+t12.4 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes Mhc+t24.1 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes Mhc+t41.9 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes Mhc1.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes Mhc15b in vitro construct 0 Yes Mhc2.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes MhcAFΔ#1 in vitro construct 0 Yes MhcCAG in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes MhccHa in vitro construct - minigene 0 Yes MhcdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes MhcE701K in vitro construct - genomic fragment in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes MhcEMB-11d 0 Yes MhcEMB-3b in vitro construct 0 Yes MhcEMB-7d in vitro construct 0 Yes MhcEMB-9a in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes MhcEMB-9c11d 0 Yes MhcEMB-IC in vitro construct 0 Yes MhcEMB.7a7d in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes MhcEMB.7d7a in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes MhcEmb.Act88F.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Zzzz\TEV.CS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes Mhcemb.ex18 in vitro construct - minigene 0 Yes MhcEmb18 in vitro construct 0 Yes MhcgD1043.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes MhcgD1048.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes MhcgD1060.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes MhcgD1090.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes MhcgD1105.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes MhcgD1120.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes MhcgD1152.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct 0 Yes MhcgD1168.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes MhcgD1177.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes MhcgD1222.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct 0 Yes MhcgD1242.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes MhcgD1254.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes MhcgD1256.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes MhcgD1265.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes MhcgD1275.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes MhcgD1276.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes MhcgD1320.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes MhcgD1356.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes MhcgD1357.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes MhcgD1362.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct 0 Yes MhcIFI-3a in vitro construct 0 Yes MhcIFI-7a in vitro construct 0 Yes MhcIFI-9b in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes MhcIFI-EC in vitro construct 0 Yes MhcNIG.17927R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes MhcR21-1.Act88F antimorphic allele - genetic evidence in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes MhcR57-24.Act88F antimorphic allele - genetic evidence in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes MhcR759E.t12.4 in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes MhcΔ450.E18 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes MhcΔAT.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes MhcΔB in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes MhcΔD in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes MhcΔi1.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes MhcΔPy in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes MhcΔPyMt+ in vitro construct 0 Yes MhcΔPyWt+ in vitro construct 0 Yes MhcΔPyWt- in vitro construct 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2L)cact-255rv64 (Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Df(2L)Exel6027 (Chanut-Delalande et al., 2007) Df(2L)Exel6039 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2L)Exel7067 (Chanut-Delalande et al., 2007, Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2L)H20 (Kronert et al., 1999, Cripps et al., 1994, Nongthomba et al., 2003, Homyk and Emerson, 1988, Spradling et al., 1999, Montana and Littleton, 2004, Steward and Nusslein-Volhard, 1986, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Nongthomba and Ramachandra, 1999, Babu and Ramachandra, 2007) Df(2L)MN-12 (Levine et al., 2007)
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)H68 (Homyk and Emerson, 1988, Steward and Nusslein-Volhard, 1986, Nongthomba and Ramachandra, 1999) Df(2L)M36F18 (Steward and Nusslein-Volhard, 1986) Df(2L)M36F-S5 (Steward and Nusslein-Volhard, 1986) Df(2L)T317 (Steward and Nusslein-Volhard, 1986) Df(2L)TW119 (Steward and Nusslein-Volhard, 1986) Df(2L)TW137 (Steward and Nusslein-Volhard, 1986) Df(2L)TW201 (Steward and Nusslein-Volhard, 1986) Df(2L)TW202 (Steward and Nusslein-Volhard, 1986) Df(2L)TW203 (Steward and Nusslein-Volhard, 1986) Df(2L)TW330 (Steward and Nusslein-Volhard, 1986) Df(2L)VA18 (Steward and Nusslein-Volhard, 1986)
Duplicated in	Dp(2;3)osp3 (Wells et al., 1996, Cripps et al., 1994, Homyk and Emerson, 1988)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data reporter construct P{Mhc.gD1043} No P{Mhc.gD1048} No P{Mhc.gD1060} No P{Mhc.gD1090} No P{Mhc.gD1105} No P{Mhc.gD1120} No P{Mhc.gD1152} No P{Mhc.gD1168} No P{Mhc.gD1177} No P{Mhc.gD1222} No P{Mhc.gD1242} No P{Mhc.gD1254} No P{Mhc.gD1256} No P{Mhc.gD1265} No P{Mhc.gD1275} No P{Mhc.gD1276} No P{Mhc.gD1320} No P{Mhc.gD1356} No P{Mhc.gD1357} No P{Mhc.gD1362} No P{Mhcint1-lacZ} No P{Mhc-lacZ.H} No P{Mhc-lacZ.S} No P{Mhc-lacZ.T} No P{Mhc-lacZ.URE} No P{MhcΔ1-lacZ} No UAS construct P{GD1485} NA P{KK102402} NA P{TRiP.HMS01471} NA P{TRiP.JF02069} NA P{UAS-Mhc.RNAi.U} NA GAL4 construct P{GAL4-Mhc.W} No P{Mhc-GAL4.F3-580} No P{Mhc-GAL4.U} No P{Mhc-Switch.O} No characterization construct M{Act88F-Mhc.6HisEmb} NA P{Act88F-Mhc.R21-1} NA P{Act88F-Mhc.R57-24} NA P{MHC.5'.3'.+Int5.CAG} NA P{MHC.5'.3'.+Int5} NA P{MHC.5'.3'.CAG} NA P{MHC.5'.3'.WT} NA P{MHC.5'.3'.Δ450.E18} NA P{MHC.5'.3'.ΔPy} NA P{MHC.5'.3'.ΔPyMt+} NA P{MHC.5'.3'.ΔPyWt-} NA P{MHC.5'.3'.ΔPyWt+} NA P{Mhc.15b} NA P{MHC.} NA P{Mhc.E701K} NA P{MHC.EMB-7d} NA P{Mhc.EMB-9a} NA P{Mhc.EMB-9c11d} NA P{Mhc.EMB-11d} NA P{Mhc.emb.ex18} NA P{Mhc.IFI-9b} NA P{Mhc.R759E} NA P{Mhc#1} NA P{Mhc#8} NA P{Mhc+11.7} NA P{Mhc+12.4} NA P{Mhc+24.1} NA P{Mhc+41.9} NA P{MhcEMB-3b} NA P{MhcEmb18} NA P{MhcEMB.7a7d} NA P{MhcEMB.7d7a} NA P{Mhcemb} NA P{MhcEMB-IC} NA P{MhcIFI-3a} NA P{MhcIFI-EC} NA P{Mhc-GAL80.W} NA P{Mhc-RFP.F3-580} NA P{MhcΔB} NA P{MhcΔD} NA P{NIG.17927R} NA P{ppiAFΔ#1} NA P{pπMHC.5'.3'} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}Mhck10423 No insertion of mobile activating element P{Mae-UAS.6.11}MhcLA00447 NA P{XP}Mhcd07814 NA miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}MhcMI03941 NA P{PT1}MhcPT1 NA P{PT1Δ}MhcFO NA P{Wee-P.ph0}MhcWee-P26 NA PBac{HpaI-GFP.A}MhcYD0783 NA roo{}Mhc4 NA springer{}Mhc2 NA springer{}Mhc3 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 26 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 21 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
actin-dependent ATPase activity inferred from direct assay (Miller et al., 2005) protein homodimerization activity inferred from direct assay (Standiford et al., 1997) structural constituent of muscle inferred from mutant phenotype (Standiford et al., 1997)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
adult somatic muscle development inferred from mutant phenotype (Babu and Ramachandra, 2004, Babu and Ramachandra, 2007) border follicle cell migration inferred from mutant phenotype (Borghese et al., 2006) epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system inferred from mutant phenotype (Chanut-Delalande et al., 2007) flight inferred from mutant phenotype (Wang et al., 2012, Babu and Ramachandra, 2007) locomotion inferred from mutant phenotype (Wells et al., 1996) muscle cell differentiation inferred from mutant phenotype (Gajewski et al., 2006) muscle contraction inferred from mutant phenotype (Standiford et al., 1997) muscle organ development inferred from mutant phenotype (Nongthomba and Ramachandra, 1999) myofibril assembly inferred from mutant phenotype (Wang et al., 2012, Kronert et al., 2008, Nongthomba et al., 2004) myosin filament organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Wang et al., 2012) protein stabilization inferred from mutant phenotype (Wang et al., 2012) sarcomere organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Wang et al., 2012) skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly inferred from mutant phenotype (Polyak et al., 2003)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
A band inferred from direct assay (Hudson et al., 2008) muscle myosin complex inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Kronert et al., 1991) polytene chromosome puff inferred from direct assay (Nongthomba and Ramachandra, 1999) sarcomere inferred from direct assay (Standiford et al., 1997) striated muscle myosin thick filament inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Kronert et al., 1991)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 7 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
ATPase activity, coupled inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AF042349 (Mi et al., 2001.12.13) ATP binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001609, InterPro:IPR004009 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) microfilament motor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P79293 (FlyBase, 1992-) structural constituent of muscle traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Kronert et al., 1991)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
striated muscle contraction traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Kronert et al., 1991)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
muscle myosin complex inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P79293 (FlyBase, 1992-) myosin complex inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene   gene_with_edited_transcript (Graveley et al., 2011) nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Mhc - ATPsyn-β experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Acon experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Acp1 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Act79B experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Act88F experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Actn experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Adh experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Ald experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Argk experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Atg14 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG10581 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - CG11710 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG14207 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - CG14315 experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG14579 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG1885 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG3209 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG3303 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG34172 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - CG3526 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG4502 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG4692 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - CG5160 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG5177 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - CG5432 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - CG5522 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - CG5805 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG6330 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG6870 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG7206 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG7409 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - CG8892 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG9135 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - CG9773 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - Ca-P60A experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Fer2LCH experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Gpb5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - Gpdh experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Gpo-1 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - GstS1 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Iap2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - Mdh2 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Mec2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - Mf experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Mlc1 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Mlc2 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Pli anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - Prm experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Rcd-1r anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - Rrp40 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - Scp1 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Seipin anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - SmD3 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - Tm2 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - TpnC41C experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - Ykt6 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - fln experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - kdn experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - mol anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - regucalcin anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - rpr anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - up experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) Mhc - wbl anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Mhc - wupA experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Mhc allele Gene References Mhc2B up (Nongthomba et al., 2003) wupA (Nongthomba et al., 2003) Mhc2D up (Nongthomba et al., 2003) wupA (Nongthomba et al., 2003) Mhc2F up (Nongthomba et al., 2003) Mhc5 up (Homyk and Emerson, 1988) wupA (Homyk and Emerson, 1988, Kronert et al., 1999) Mhc6 up (Homyk and Emerson, 1988) Mhc7 Act88F (Reedy et al., 2000, Nongthomba et al., 2004) wupA (Beall and Fyrberg, 1991) Mhc8 up (Homyk and Emerson, 1988) wupA (Homyk and Emerson, 1988) Mhc10 wupA (Nongthomba et al., 2003) Mhc12 wupA (Nongthomba et al., 2003) MhcD1 up (Nongthomba et al., 2003) wupA (Kronert et al., 1999) MhcD41 wupA (Kronert et al., 1999) MhcD45 wupA (Kronert et al., 1999) MhcD62 wupA (Kronert et al., 1999) Mhcunspecified Dfd (Gellon et al., 1997) unspecified Brkd (Montana and Littleton, 2004) CanB2 (Gajewski et al., 2006) para (Montana and Littleton, 2004) Swg (Montana and Littleton, 2004) Tm2 (Montana and Littleton, 2004) up (Nongthomba et al., 2003, Montana and Littleton, 2004) wupA (Nongthomba et al., 2003, Montana and Littleton, 2004)
External Data
Linkouts
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (116) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6V17K2 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6DZ235, EOG6MCX78 Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG679D2V, EOG6X6B51 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6CRJDT Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6WX4CC
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6V17K2)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Mhc     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD24080     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD24081     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM17204     Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG22771     Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\Mhc     Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF15360     Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA25794     Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL18785     Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK18232     Drosophila virilis   Dvir\Mhc     Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI17055     Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH11564
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6DZ235, EOG6MCX78)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL005733   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP010147   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ000853
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG679D2V, EOG6X6B51)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB51653   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG003943   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH27107   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP16879   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP16870   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO22443   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO22444   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL13881   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL26535   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH18885   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB11868   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB11867   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV22950   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI008178   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA014227   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA014226   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM098460   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC005924
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6CRJDT)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\LRRTM1   Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\TUBB2B   Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\clpX   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW001340
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6WX4CC)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\F45G2.2   Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\let-75   Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\myo-5   Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\nmy-2   Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\F11C3.3   Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\myo-2   Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\myo-3   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_010054gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\smyhc3   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\myhz2   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000093467   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000095217   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\smyhc1   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\myh7bb   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\myhb   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\OTTDARG00000023386   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000092357   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000093148   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000076075   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000092902   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\myhz1.2   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\myh6   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\vmhc   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\smyhc2   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\zgc:66156   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\vmhcl   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\wu:fd14a01   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\myhz1.1   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\myh13   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\myh4   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ENSXETG00000023940   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\myh3   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ENSXETG00000030389   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\myh1   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\myh6   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ENSXETG00000016136   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ENSXETG00000025242   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\myh2   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ENSXETG00000032275   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ENSGALG00000000965   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\MYH7B   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\MYH13   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\MYH1   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ENSGALG00000023832   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\MYH3   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\MYH15   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ENSGALG00000024061   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\MYH2   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\MYH7   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\MYH4   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Myh7b   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Myh1   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Gm11161   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Myh4   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Myh2   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Myh13   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Myh15   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Myh6   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Myh7   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Myh3   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Myh8   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Myh15   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Myh6   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Myh7b   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Myh13   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Myh4   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Myh7   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Myh8   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\MYH15   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\MYH13   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000078814   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\MYH2   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\MYH3   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\MYH1   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\MYH7   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\MYH8   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\MYH6   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\HMX3
Human Orthologs (10)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\MYH15     Hsap\MYH13     Hsap\ENSG00000078814     Hsap\MYH2     Hsap\MYH3     Hsap\MYH1     Hsap\MYH7     Hsap\MYH8     Hsap\MYH6     Hsap\HMX3
AAA Orthologs (0) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
No orthologs identified
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 12 )
Bloomington	26299 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02069}attP2 36951 y1 w*; Mi{MIC}MhcMI03941/SM6a 10995 y1 w67c23; P{lacW}Mhck10423/CyO 22178 y1 w*; P{Mae-UAS.6.11}MhcLA00447 35729 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS01471}attP2 1022 b1 elA1 rds Mhc5 pr1 Bl1/CyO
Harvard	- P{XP}Mhcd07814
Kyoto	120447 y* w*; P{Mae-UAS.6.11}MhcLA00447 106170 b1 elA1 rds Mhc5 pr1 Bl1/CyO 111290 yd2 w1118 P{ey-FLP.N}2 P{GMR-lacZ.C(38.1)}TPN1; P{lacW}Mhck10423 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO y+
VDRC	v105355 P{KK102402}VIE-260B v7164 w1118; P{GD1485}v7164
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR26O03 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 277 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RH59876
Other clones	yak-em_Mhc
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH02291 GH06021 GH11029 GH11211 GH11859 GH12493 GH13102 GH21445 GM01348 GM01774 GM03715 GM03876 GM04610 GM04880 GM05144 GM09433 GM20405 GM24134 GM26304 GM32673 HL01246 HL01304 HL01520 HL02473 HL03459 HL03720 HL04322 HL04377 HL04385 HL04962 HL05389 HL05803 LD16079 LD28804 LD35610 LP07854 LP21395 RE65141 RE65149 RE74169 RH12975 RH18278 RH21745 RH22184 RH27351 RH27475 RH28435 RH28821 RH32304 RH33293 RH33560 RH42375 RH45267 RH49193 RH54756 RH71345 RH73742
Other clones	5923 8935 9319 9340 10406 11366 12150 15274 18846 31184 31258 39913 42012 42784 44515 46885 51760 52636 54103 55978 56574 57253 57430 58555 60897 61309 61822 64718 65646 66104 66321 69745 71138 71391 72138 73967 77369 77869 78486 79696 82712 83237 98427 103566 105832 107072 119309 119720 120526 122669 122768 146545 152963 158721 161913 162233 162415 164950 165529 173116 173185 174184 192869 214215.21 214245.34 214277.31 214277.32 214373.33 214435.3 214577.17 272798 274467 275344 277179 bs29h10 CK01.2D.C11 CK01.3A.G12 CK01.7D.H2 CK01.11A.D9 CK01.23D.F11 CK01.26D.C1 CK01.28B.G4 CK01.36B.G3 CK01.53B.G6 CK01.57D.E3 CK01.57D.E12 CK01.82A.G1 CK01.83B.G12 CK01.85B.H10 CK01.86B.H10 CK01.102A.A2 CK01.105A.G6 CK01.106A.G11 CK01.106B.D5 CK01.121A.E5 CK01.130D.E7 CK01.167C.G12 Dmel_dig_017224_0617_0358 EK010761 EK025028 EK025609 EK035109 EK043059 EK043744 EK045952 EK046318 EK057307 EK064725 EK066558 EK067107 EK068261 EK085743 EK086033 EK087959 EK088626 EK088715 EK092619 EK103158 EK108249 EK108330 EK109950 EK111551 EK112820 EK112905 EK118140 EK130204 EK136108 EK139840 EK154233 EK157452 EK159049 EK161203 EK164209 EK164252 EK166427 EK168558 EK169049 EK171362 EK171638 EK173357 EK177255 EK177637 EK177656 EK179331 EK181212 EK184720 EK185457 EK185848 EK187404 EK190107 EK190920 EK193113 EK193664 EK194024 EK196736 EK198937 EK199732 EK202839 EK205162 EK207638 EK210942 EK211361 EK216158 EK216827 EK221350 EK232063 EK232078 EK232516 EK238854 EK239517 EK239606 EK244139 EK249263 EK251004 EK263604 EK265561 EK265743 EK266053 EK269714 EK273328 EK277521 EK290206 EK290452 EK290912 EK291527 EK296335 EK299623 EK302348 EK304133 EP04620 EP09434 EP09612 EP09809 EP10336 EP10946 EP11743 EP13107 EP16362 HL02374 IP11956 IP15235 IP15335 IP15535 LD31809 RP004132792 RP004139028 RP004165407 RP004172875 RP004181367 RP004197289 RP004236209 RP004240537 RP004261641 RP004300653 RP004388769 RP004424643 RP004454621 RP004500507
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: Mhc CG17927 (Nelson, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: Mhc Ifm(2)RU1 ifm(2)RU2 (Salvi et al., 2012) Source for merge of: Mhc Mrp (Polyak et al., 2003)
Additional comments	Of five EMS-induced alleles that are lethal as homozygotes, three have 9-10 kb inserts with some apparently similar restriction sites (Mogami and Hotta, 1981; Mogami et al., 1986). Three other EMS-induced mutants, which are homozygous viable, are judged to be allelic based on the failure to obtain recombinants between them and the lethal alleles; as yet no molecular characterization available.
Other Comments
	Haploinsufficient locus (not associated with strong haplolethality or haplosterility). (Cook et al., 2012) Mhc is involved in tracheal cell migration during the morphogenesis of the dorsal air sac primordium. (Chanut-Delalande et al., 2007) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) Thick filament assembly and many aspects of myofibrillogenesis are independent of the head of the Mhc protein. (Cripps et al., 1999) Identified in a screen for modifiers of the Dfd13/Dfd3 mutant phenotype. Shows no interaction with the Pc mutant phenotype. (Gellon et al., 1997) Mrp is a muscle protein, as established by transgenic analysis. Mrp is expressed in somatic, cardiac and visceral muscles. Mrp protein is a component of the sarcomeric A-band and electron microscopy demonstrates that it is incorporated into the thick filament along with myosin. (Standiford et al., 1997) 155kD protein that is a major component of myofilaments, an abundant testis protein and is expressed in somatic, cardiac and visceral muscles. (Standiford et al., 1997) Alternative Mhc exons are regulated in appropriate muscles through interactions between intronic alternative splice-specificity elements, nonconsensus exon 11 splice donors and, likely, novel exon-specific alternative splicing factors. (Standiford et al., 1997) Multiple isoforms of Mhc are not necessary for viability, but different isoforms are critical for specialised functions like flying and jumping. (Wells et al., 1996) Variation of a microsatellite within the Mhc locus has been studied in North American populations of D.melanogaster. (Goldstein and Clark, 1995) Isolated from a D.melanogaster cDNA expression library, using a polyclonal antiserum raised against a D.hydei testis protein as a probe. (Miedema et al., 1995) Mhc cDNA has been cloned and sequenced. 'minor-myosin', a myosin isoform found in the testis of D.melanogaster and D.hydei, is encoded by a transcript that initiates between exons 12 and 13 of the myosin heavy chain gene. (Miedema et al., 1995) Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs demonstrate that Mhc is transcriptionally regulated by multiple tissue specific enhancer elements during development. (Trinh et al., 1995) P-element transformation of a construct carrying a functional copy of Mhc demonstrates overexpression may disrupt the function of not only the indirect flight but also other muscles of the fly. (Cripps et al., 1994) Mhc protein isoform size class A is organised in a tissue specific manner within the thorax and legs in late pupal and adult stages of development. (Crough et al., 1994) Genetic, biochemical and ultrastructural analysis indicates residue 482 is important for generating ATPase activity and for myosin stability in the muscle. (Kronert et al., 1994) The Mhc and Dhyd\Mhc genes (of D.melanogaster and D.hydei respectively) have been compared. (Miedema et al., 1994) Two different phylogenetic methods used to analyse all available myosin head sequences: there are at least three equally divergent classes of myosin, demonstrating that the current classification into two classes needs to be reexamined. (Goodson and Spudich, 1993) The regulation of alternative splicing of Mhc transcripts has been analysed using a cell-free system. The affinity of exons 17 and 19, as well as the failure of constitutive splicing factors to recognise exon 18 splice sites, probably causes the exclusion of exon 18 in wild-type transcripts processed in vitro. (Hodges and Bernstein, 1992) Double mutant analysis with Mhc alleles suggests that actomyosin interactions exacerbate the structural or functional defect resulting from mutation in wupA. (Beall and Fyrberg, 1991) Analysis of myosin heavy chain antibody staining in Drosophila tissue culture cells and premyogenic embryos suggests that zip rather than Mhc is associated with the nuclear envelope. (Berrios et al., 1991) Altered pattern of Mhc gene expression in neurogenic mutants indicates a role for the neurogenic genes in the development of most visceral and somatic muscles. (Corbin et al., 1991) The expression pattern of alternatively spliced Mhc exons in the adult thoracic muscles has been investigated. (Hastings and Emerson, 1991) Sequences necessary for tissue-specific splicing of Mhc have been investigated. (Hess and Bernstein, 1991) The tissue specific expression pattern of three alternative exons of Mhc has been studied. (Kronert et al., 1991) Myofibrillar assembly was investigated using null mutations of Act88F and Mhc. (Beall et al., 1989) Genomic DNA from the 3' end of the Mhc gene, and cDNA clones have been cloned and sequenced. Four distinct RNAs are transcribed from the Mhc gene. (Rozek and Davidson, 1986) Isolated from a genomic library using C.elegans myosin heavy chain DNA as a probe. Mhc maps within a cluster of flight muscle mutations on the second chromosome. (Bernstein et al., 1983) Mhc has been cloned, and its expression pattern analysed. (Bernstein et al., 1983) Structural gene for the heavy chain of muscle myosin (MHC). Heterozygotes for dominant flightless mutant alleles are characterized by erect wings and disrupted myofibrils in the indirect flight muscles. Segmental-deficiency heterozygotes for the locus are also flightless with disrupted myofibrils. Flight can be rescued in heterozygotes for most alleles by addition of a second Mhc+ allele to the complement, or by making the fly simultaneously hemizygous for Act88F (Beall, Sepanski, and Fyrberg, 1989).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078863 NM_165181 NM_165182 NM_165183 NM_165184 NM_165185 NM_165186 NM_165187 NM_165188 NM_165189 NM_165190 NM_165191 NM_165192 NM_001169519 NM_001169520 NM_001169521 NM_001259119 NM_001259120 NM_001259121 NM_001259122 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523587 NP_723999 NP_724000 NP_724001 NP_724002 NP_724003 NP_724004 NP_724005 NP_724006 NP_724007 NP_724008 NP_724009 NP_724010 NP_001162990 NP_001162991 NP_001162992 NP_001246048 NP_001246049 NP_001246050 NP_001246051 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA441178 AA698064 AA698391 AA802007 AA802114 AA951378 AAA28686 AAA28687 AAA28704 AAA28705 AAA28706 AAA28707 AAA28708 AAA28709 AAB34531 AAF53566 AAN10959 AAN10960 AAN10961 AAN10962 AAN10963 AAN10964 AAN10965 AAN10966 AAN10967 AAN10968 AAN10969 AAN10970 ACZ94276 ACZ94277 ACZ94278 AFH03722 AFH03723 AFH03724 AFH03725 AI062917 AI106797 AI133933 AI293881 AI390005 AI455882 AI946718 AQ025936 CAA37308 CAA37309 CAA37310 CAA37311 CAA42752 CAA42753 CAA42754 CZ475933 DU708637 J01115 J02788 M12741 M13360 M61229 S78531 X53155 X60196 Z50607 Z50660 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 35007 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P05661 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • E1JHJ3 E1JHJ4 E1JHJ5 Q24410 Q24411 Q26433
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Myosin-like IQ motif-containing domain (IPR027401) P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (IPR027417) IQ motif, EF-hand binding site (IPR000048) Myosin head, motor domain (IPR001609) Myosin tail (IPR002928) Myosin, N-terminal, SH3-like (IPR004009)
Linkouts
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 58 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Bsh (Grell, 1969) CG17927 (Petzoldt et al., 2012, Lim et al., 2011, Cammarato et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Tzolovsky et al., 2002, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Andersen and Tapon, 2008, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Melkani et al., 2011) Dm II (Hodge and Cope, 2000) DmMHC (Checkland et al., 2002, Yamashita et al., 2000) DROMHC (Rand et al., 2000) DroMII (Morgan, 1995) FBgn0002741 (Raychaudhuri et al., 2003) ifm(2)2 (Patel and Saide, 2001) Ifm(2)2 (Fyrberg et al., 1991) Ifm(2)RU1 (Salvi et al., 2012, Babu and Ramachandra, 2007) ifm(2)RU1 (Babu and Ramachandra, 2004) ifm(2)RU2 (Salvi et al., 2012, Babu and Ramachandra, 2004, Babu and Ramachandra, 2007) l(2)36Ae   l(2)k10423 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, ) l(2)M66   Mhc (Kazemian et al., 2011, FlyBase, 1992-, Taniguchi et al., 2007, Salvi et al., 2012, Ramanath et al., 2011, Bryantsev et al., 2012, Irion, 2012, Caldwell et al., 2012, Kronert et al., 2012, Chen et al., 2008, Cammarato et al., 2008, Kallappagoudar et al., 2010, Rees et al., 2011, Yang et al., 2010, Soler and Taylor, 2009, Rubinstein et al., 2010, Rui et al., 2010, Miller et al., 2007, Bloemink et al., 2011, Yang et al., 2011, Weake et al., 2011, Eldred et al., 2010, Swank et al., 2000, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Yang et al., 2008, Hao et al., 2006, Swank et al., 2006, Swank et al., 2004, Cammarato et al., 2004, Suggs et al., 2007, Miller et al., 2005, Burgess et al., 2004, Vikhorev et al., 2010, Lorbeck et al., 2010, Hess et al., 2007, Qiu et al., 2005, Texada et al., 2007, Clark et al., 2006, Gajewski et al., 2006, Wells et al., 1996, Shigenobu et al., 2006, Elliott et al., 2007, Montana and Littleton, 2006, Hughes and Thomas, 2007, Swank et al., 2006, Larsen et al., 2006, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Langer et al., 2010, Sparrow and Orfanos, 2008, Bryantsev et al., 2008, Dietzl et al., 2007, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Schnorrer et al., 2007, Akdemir et al., 2007, Ayme-Southgate et al., 2004, Liotta et al., 2007, Clayton et al., 1998, Nongthomba et al., 2007, Tanaka et al., 2008, Sandmann et al., 2006, Carrasco-Rando and Ruiz-Gómez, 2008, Bai et al., 2008, Hudson et al., 2008, Elgar et al., 2008, Wong et al., 2008, Henkin et al., 2004, Junion et al., 2007, Middleton et al., 2006, Bahri et al., 2009, Kurapati et al., 2004, Miller et al., 2009, Chanana et al., 2007, Barton et al., 2005, Bloemink et al., 2009, Klingseisen et al., 2009, García-Zaragoza et al., 2008, Okamoto et al., 2005, Odronitz and Kollmar, 2008, Kronert et al., 2010, Kronert et al., 2008, Schnorrer et al., 2010, Beckett et al., 2008, Bulchand et al., 2010, Cook et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2012, Kaushik et al., 2012, Chechenova et al., 2013) mhc (Levine et al., 2007, Petzoldt et al., 2012, Jia and Huan, 2010, Bier and Bodmer, 2004, Roman, 2004, Clyne et al., 2003, Olson et al., 1995, Papatsenko et al., 2006, Chanut-Delalande et al., 2007, Borghese et al., 2006, Deng et al., 2009, Neely et al., 2010, Kazama et al., 2008, Gajewski and Schulz, 2010) MHC (Jordán-Álvarez et al., 2012, Dobi et al., 2011, Nir et al., 2012, Kaushik et al., 2011, Geisbrecht et al., 2008, Miller et al., 2011, Liu and Geisbrecht, 2011, Dutta et al., 2010, Miller et al., 2008, Cammarato et al., 2011, Llorens et al., 2007, Yuan et al., 2010, Miller et al., 2007, Rivlin et al., 2004, Dutta et al., 2005, Polyak et al., 2003, Kwon et al., 2005, Soler et al., 2004, Royou et al., 2002, Tzolovsky et al., 2001, Bernstein, 1990.5.8, Vorbruggen and Jackle, 1997, Riechmann et al., 1997, Raghavan and White, 1997, Shishido et al., 1997, Papaceit and Juan, 1993, Vinos et al., 1992, Wells et al., 1992, Becker et al., 1992, Hastings and Emerson, 1991, Kronert et al., 1991, Hess and Bernstein, 1991, Michelson et al., 1990, Rozek and Davidson, 1986, Bernard et al., 2006, Lovato et al., 2005, Reddy et al., 2006, Loren et al., 2003, Galindo et al., 2006, Volohonsky et al., 2007, Beuchle et al., 2007, Jani and Schock, 2007, Loer et al., 2008, Johnson et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2007, Bai et al., 2007, Massarwa et al., 2007, Toledano-Katchalski et al., 2007, Duan et al., 2007, Nishimura et al., 2007, Dubois et al., 2007, Estrada et al., 2007, Homem and Peifer, 2008, Wasser et al., 2007, Littlefield et al., 2003, Staudt et al., 2005, Qian and Bodmer, 2009, Wayburn and Volk, 2009, Godenschwege et al., 2009, Bahri et al., 2001, Littlefield et al., 2008, Uehara et al., 2010, Sens et al., 2010, Navarro et al., 2011, Elias et al., 2012, Duan et al., 2012, Labeau-Dimenna et al., 2012) Mhc36B (Fyrberg et al., 1994, Beall et al., 1989) mMHC (Miedema et al., 1995, Miedema et al., 1994) MRP (Jacinto and Baum, 2003, Standiford et al., 2003, Standiford et al., 1997, Standiford et al., 1997) Mrp   MyHC (Sun et al., 2011) Myo (Tzolovsky et al., 2002) Nup   Sht (Kulkarni and Babu, 1981, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) sMHC (Crough et al., 1994) Stp
Name Synonym	beta-myosin heavy chain (Sun et al., 2011) chain (Swank et al., 2004) heavy chain (Swank et al., 2006) Indirect flight muscle (2) RU1 (Nongthomba and Ramachandra, 1999) indirect flight muscle (2) RU2 (Nongthomba and Ramachandra, 1999) Muscle Myosin (Lahaye et al., 2012) muscle myosin (Guerin and Kramer, 2009, Bashaw and Goodman, 1999, Gullberg et al., 1994) muscle myosin heavy chain (Miller et al., 2007, Madden et al., 1999, Sanchez-Soriano and Prokop, 2005, Shao et al., 2010) Muscle myosin heavy chain (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Suggs et al., 2007) muscle myosin-II (Morgan, 1995) muscle myosin II (Texada et al., 2007) muscle myosin II heavy chain (Kiehart, 1990) muscle Myosin II heavy chain (Texada et al., 2011) muscle specific myosin II (Ayoob et al., 1995) myosin (Katzemich et al., 2012, Swank et al., 2006, Cervera et al., 2005, Nabel-Rosen et al., 1999, Baylies and Bate, 1996) Myosin (Beiman et al., 1996, Swan et al., 2006, Robinson et al., 2010, Melkani et al., 2011) myosin heavy (Swank et al., 2004) myosin heavy-chain (Dobi et al., 2011, Abmayr et al., 1992, Wasser et al., 2007, Lovato et al., 2009) myosin heavy chain (Dobi et al., 2011, Ramanath et al., 2011, Miller et al., 2011, Yang et al., 2010, Miller et al., 2008, Cammarato et al., 2011, Yang et al., 2008, Hao et al., 2006, OOta and Saitou, 1999, Beuchle et al., 2007, Clayton et al., 1998, Duan et al., 2007, Clark et al., 2007, Littlefield et al., 2003, Deng et al., 2009, Miller et al., 2009, Estrada et al., 2007, Barton et al., 2005, Qian and Bodmer, 2009, Shalaby et al., 2009, Godenschwege et al., 2009, Odronitz and Kollmar, 2008, Kazama et al., 2008, Gajewski and Schulz, 2010, Kronert et al., 2010, Kronert et al., 2008, Littlefield et al., 2008, Uehara et al., 2010, Bland et al., 2010, Navarro et al., 2011, Labeau-Dimenna et al., 2012) Myosin heavy chain (Kaushik et al., 2011, Lim et al., 2011, Liu and Geisbrecht, 2011, Pedersen et al., 2010, Cammarato et al., 2011, Okumura et al., 2010, Lorbeck et al., 2010, Gellon et al., 1997, Shigenobu et al., 2006, Larsen et al., 2006, Subramanian et al., 2007, Tanaka et al., 2008, Estrada et al., 2007, Bai et al., 2008, Hudson et al., 2008, Klingseisen et al., 2009, Wayburn and Volk, 2009, Bulchand et al., 2010, Beckett et al., 2008, Robinson et al., 2010) Myosin Heavy Chain (Litvinova et al., 2008, Massarwa et al., 2007, Staudt et al., 2005, García-Zaragoza et al., 2008, Elias et al., 2012) Myosin Heavy Chain-PF (Rees et al., 2011) myosin heavy-chain protein (Nguyen and Frasch, 2006) Myosin rod protein (Standiford et al., 1997) Not-upheld   Samba (Clark et al., 2007) sarcomeric myosin heavy-chain (Crough et al., 1994) Shrunken-thorax   Shrunken thorax (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Stuckup
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0002741 FBgn0010142 FBgn0020400 FBgn0021948 FBgn0028640 FBgn0028724 FBgn0086783
References ( 498 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 498 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 368 ) Supplementary material  ( 15 ) Review  ( 27 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 19 ) Abstract  ( 62 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 )
Recent research papers ( 35 )
	Chechenova et al., 2013, J. Biol. Chem. 288(6): 3718--3726 The Drosophila Z-disc Protein Z(210) Is an Adult Muscle Isoform of Zasp52, Which Is Required for Normal Myofibril Organization in Indirect Flight Muscles. [FBrf0220782] Orfanos and Sparrow, 2013, J. Cell Sci. 126(1): 139--148 Myosin isoform switching during assembly of the Drosophila flight muscle thick filament lattice. [FBrf0221075] Bryantsev et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 361(2): 191--207 Differential requirements for Myocyte Enhancer Factor-2 during adult myogenesis in Drosophila. [FBrf0217023] Caldwell et al., 2012, Methods 56(1): 25--32 Transgenic expression and purification of myosin isoforms using the Drosophila melanogaster indirect flight muscle system. [FBrf0217715] Cook et al., 2012, Genome Biol. 13(3): R21 The generation of chromosomal deletions to provide extensive coverage and subdivision of the Drosophila melanogaster genome. [FBrf0219066] Duan et al., 2012, J. Cell Biol. 199(1): 169--185 Group I PAKs function downstream of Rac to promote podosome invasion during myoblast fusion in vivo. [FBrf0219579] Elias et al., 2012, J. Cell Sci. 125(13): 3185--3194 A crucial role for Ras suppressor-1 (RSU-1) revealed when PINCH and ILK binding is disrupted. [FBrf0219315] Gaertner et al., 2012, Cell Rep. 2(6): 1670--1683 Poised RNA Polymerase II Changes over Developmental Time and Prepares Genes for Future Expression. [FBrf0220312] Heckscher et al., 2012, J. Neurosci. 32(36): 12460--12471 Characterization of Drosophila larval crawling at the level of organism, segment, and somatic body wall musculature. [FBrf0219387] Irion, 2012, PLoS ONE 7(3): e34248 Drosophila muscleblind Codes for Proteins with One and Two Tandem Zinc Finger Motifs. [FBrf0218003] Jordán-Álvarez et al., 2012, J. Cell Sci. 125(15): 3621--3629 Presynaptic PI3K activity triggers the formation of glutamate receptors at neuromuscular terminals of Drosophila. [FBrf0219610] Katzemich et al., 2012, J. Cell Sci. 125(14): 3367--3379 The function of the M-line protein obscurin in controlling the symmetry of the sarcomere in the flight muscle of Drosophila. [FBrf0219368] Kronert et al., 2012, J. Mol. Biol. 416(4): 543--557 Alternative relay and converter domains tune native muscle Myosin isoform function in Drosophila. [FBrf0217468] Labeau-Dimenna et al., 2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(44): 17983--17988 Thin, a Trim32 ortholog, is essential for myofibril stability and is required for the integrity of the costamere in Drosophila. [FBrf0219862] Lahaye et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(3): e32297 WNT5 Interacts with the Ryk Receptors Doughnut and Derailed to Mediate Muscle Attachment Site Selection in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217725] Nir et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(3): e1002632 Phosphorylation of the Drosophila melanogaster RNA-Binding Protein HOW by MAPK/ERK Enhances Its Dimerization and Activity. [FBrf0217996] Petzoldt et al., 2012, Development 139(10): 1874--1884 DE-Cadherin regulates unconventional Myosin ID and Myosin IC in Drosophila left-right asymmetry establishment. [FBrf0218056] Salvi et al., 2012, J. Mol. Biol. 419(1-2): 22--40 Mutations in Drosophila Myosin rod cause defects in myofibril assembly. [FBrf0218156] Wang et al., 2012, Mol. Biol. Cell 23(11): 2057--2065 Expression of the inclusion body myopathy 3 mutation in Drosophila depresses myosin function and stability and recapitulates muscle inclusions and weakness. [FBrf0218517] Bloemink et al., 2011, J. Biol. Chem. 286(32): 28435--28443 Two Drosophila Myosin Transducer Mutants with Distinct Cardiomyopathies Have Divergent ADP and Actin Affinities. [FBrf0214653] Cammarato et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(4): e18497 A Mighty Small Heart: The Cardiac Proteome of Adult Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213610] Dobi et al., 2011, Fly 5(2): 68--75 Characterization of early steps in muscle morphogenesis in a Drosophila primary culture system. [FBrf0213797] Kaushik et al., 2011, Biophys. J. 101(11): 2629--2637 In situ mechanical analysis of myofibrillar perturbation and aging on soft, bilayered Drosophila myocardium. [FBrf0217250] Kazemian et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(22): 9463--9472 Improved accuracy of supervised CRM discovery with interpolated Markov models and cross-species comparison. [FBrf0216971] Lim et al., 2011, FEBS Lett. 585(19): 3079--3085 The endogenous siRNA pathway in Drosophila impacts stress resistance and lifespan by regulating metabolic homeostasis. [FBrf0216303] Liu and Geisbrecht, 2011, Dev. Biol. 359(2): 176--189 Moleskin is essential for the formation of the myotendinous junction in Drosophila. [FBrf0216515] Melkani et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(7): e22579 The UNC-45 Chaperone Is Critical for Establishing Myosin-Based Myofibrillar Organization and Cardiac Contractility in the Drosophila Heart Model. [FBrf0214543] Miller et al., 2011, J. Neurosci. 31(14): 5335--5347 Drosophila mmp2 regulates the matrix molecule faulty attraction (frac) to promote motor axon targeting in Drosophila. [FBrf0213409] Navarro et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(7): e21017 Overexpression of human and fly frataxins in Drosophila provokes deleterious effects at biochemical, physiological and developmental levels. [FBrf0214483] Ramanath et al., 2011, Biophys. J. 101(5): 1114--1122 Disrupting the Myosin converter-relay interface impairs Drosophila indirect flight muscle performance. [FBrf0215057] Rees et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Proteomics 10(6): M110.002386 In Vivo Analysis of Proteomes and Interactomes Using Parallel Affinity Capture (iPAC) Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. [FBrf0213845] Sun et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(4): e18215 Systems-scale analysis reveals pathways involved in cellular response to methamphetamine. [FBrf0213560] Texada et al., 2011, Exp. Cell Res. 317(4): 474--487 Tropomyosin is an interaction partner of the Drosophila coiled coil protein Yuri Gagarin. [FBrf0212786] Weake et al., 2011, Genes Dev. 25(14): 1499--1509 Post-transcription initiation function of the ubiquitous SAGA complex in tissue-specific gene activation. [FBrf0214372] Yang et al., 2011, Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 18(2): 159--168 RNA secondary structure in mutually exclusive splicing. [FBrf0214471] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews ( 1 )
	Kaushik et al., 2012, J. Cell. Mol. Med. 16(8): 1656--1662 Measuring passive myocardial stiffness in Drosophila melanogaster to investigate diastolic dysfunction. [FBrf0219008] Show all reviews ...