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Gene Dmel\AP-2α

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\AP-2α	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Adaptor Protein complex 2, α subunit	Annotation symbol	CG4260
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0264855
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	5 publicly available
Also Known As	α-Ada, α-adaptin, ada, AP2, D-αAda, Alpha-Adaptin, apl3
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map	2-
Cytogenetic map	21C2-21C2	Sequence location	2L:408,030..414,777 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Adaptor Protein complex 2, α subunit is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\AP-2α (CG4260, FBgn0264855). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein transporter activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: protein localization; endocytosis; regulation of endocytosis; positive regulation of endocytosis; neurogenesis. 26 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: rhabdomere; intersegmental nerve; eye photoreceptor cell; sensory mother cell; embryonic/larval brain; synapse; external sensory organ. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Adaptor protein complex AP-2, alpha subunit; Armadillo-like helical; Armadillo-type fold; Clathrin adaptor, alpha-adaptin, appendage, C-terminal subdomain; Clathrin adaptor, alpha-adaptin, appendage, Ig-like subdomain; Clathrin adaptor, alpha/beta/gamma-adaptin, appendage, Ig-like subdomain; Clathrin alpha-adaptin/coatomer adaptor, appendage, C-terminal subdomain; Clathrin/coatomer adaptor, adaptin-like, N-terminal; Coatomer/calthrin adaptor appendage, C-terminal subdomain; Coatomer/clathrin adaptor appendage, Ig-like subdomain. Gene sequence location is 2L:408030..414777.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 21C2-21C2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}RpI135k16513&P{lacW}ebik16213 and P{lacW}l(2)k09610k09610&P{lacW}Sk09538a
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 21C-21C   Determined by comparing Celera genomic sequence with sequence from BDGP BAC and P1 clones.   (Lloyd et al., 2000) 21C2-21C2     (Oh et al., 2003) 21C1-21C2     (Gonzalez Gaitan, 1997.2.5) 21C2-21C3     (Dornan, 1997.5.9) 21C1-21C2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 21C2-21C3   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Dornan et al., 1997) 21C1-21C2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Forjanic et al., 1997) 21C1-21C2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997) 21C1-21C2     (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2- (Menut et al., 2007)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes	Maps to 2L. (Menut et al., 2007)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\AP-2α for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.45 Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) AP-2α-RA FBtr0089488  NM_057471   4711   940 AP-2α-RB FBtr0089489  NM_205885   3432   952
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	6.3, 4.8 (northern blot) (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997) 5.1, 4.3 (northern blot) (Dornan et al., 1997)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein AP-2α-PA   FBpp0088490   105.6   940   7.20     NP_476819   AAF56103 AP-2α-PB   FBpp0088945   106.9   952   6.52     NP_995607   AAS64634
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	940 (aa) (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997) 939 (aa); 105 (kD predicted) (Dornan et al., 1997)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Clathrin/coatomer adaptor, adaptin-like, N-terminal (IPR002553) Clathrin adaptor, alpha-adaptin, appendage, C-terminal subdomain (IPR003164) Clathrin adaptor, alpha/beta/gamma-adaptin, appendage, Ig-like subdomain (IPR008152) Coatomer/calthrin adaptor appendage, C-terminal subdomain (IPR009028) Armadillo-like helical (IPR011989) Clathrin adaptor, alpha-adaptin, appendage, Ig-like subdomain (IPR013038) Coatomer/clathrin adaptor appendage, Ig-like subdomain (IPR013041) Clathrin alpha-adaptin/coatomer adaptor, appendage, C-terminal subdomain (IPR015873) Armadillo-type fold (IPR016024) Adaptor protein complex AP-2, alpha subunit (IPR017104)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA141001   AA816246   AE014134 AAF56103   AE014134 AAS64634   AB082066   AC004275   AC005762   AI109592   AI109855   AI134972   AI258931   AI532543   AI534180   AI534550   AI543697   AQ024987   AQ073654   BF495956   BF502777   BG634370   BG636915   BG640270   BI215476   BI229666   BI237349   BI356252   BI356329   BI357894   BI358546   BI484465   BI486874   BI564339   BI578453   BI583744   BI585182   BI586849   BI587972   BI588108   BI588778   BI589245   BI605496   BI615108   BI626901   BI630138   BI633776   BT003458 AAO39461   BT032839   BT125866   CO177003   CO188591   CO190340   CO261816   CO263089   CO268019   CO269901   CO270740   CO270742   CO271726   CO278743   CO279944   CO280468   CO286978   CO295460   CO299348   CO307697   CO309993   CO312934   CO315504   CO316956   CO317477   CO318377   CO319331   CO342121   EC056681   EC057356   EC058216   EC059538   EC060124   EC065090   EC066894   EC071358   EC072478   EC081061   EC084790   EC087461   EC088976   EC206953   EC208163   EC208764   EC213004   EC215371   EC219572   EC227008   EC228652   EC243161   EC243678   EC245128   EC250107   EC254787   ES696551   EV584113   EV588087   EV588217   EV588237   EV589645   EV590064   G00611   Y11104 CAA71991   Y13092 CAA73533
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P91926
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   garland cell   (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997) embryonic brain   (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997) embryonic ventral nervous system   (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997) embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:rapidly degraded pole cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) pole cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as ventral nerve cord anlage embryonic stage 9 -- 10   germline cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) garland cell primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) germline cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval garland cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) gonad   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) larval stage   imaginal disc   (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage & larval stage     (Dornan et al., 1997) embryonic stage & adult stage     (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   head mesoderm   (Dornan et al., 1997) supraesophageal ganglion   (Dornan et al., 1997) proctodeum | precursor   (Dornan et al., 1997) embryonic stage 8 -- 12   posterior midgut primordium   (Dornan et al., 1997) anterior midgut primordium   (Dornan et al., 1997) larval stage   neuromuscular junction | restricted   (Verstreken et al., 2009) Comment:Presynaptic pupal stage   sensory mother cell   • cytoplasm & cell cortex (Berdnik et al., 2002) Comment:interphase sensory mother cell   • cell cortex & centrosome | proximal to (Berdnik et al., 2002) Comment:metaphase--telophase mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood   adult heart   (Cammarato et al., 2011) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   embryonic stomatogastric nervous system   (Dornan et al., 1997) adult midgut precursor cell   (Dornan et al., 1997) cephalic furrow   (Dornan et al., 1997) fat body primordium   (Dornan et al., 1997) ventral nerve cord   (Dornan et al., 1997)   (Dornan et al., 1997) chordotonal organ   (Dornan et al., 1997) embryonic stage | early     (Dornan et al., 1997) embryonic stage | late   embryonic/larval somatic muscle   (Dornan et al., 1997) embryonic stage 8 -- 11   neuroblast   (Dornan et al., 1997) embryonic stage 8 -- 17   presumptive embryonic/larval nervous system   (Dornan et al., 1997) embryonic stage 13 -- 17   presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system   (Dornan et al., 1997) embryonic stage 14 -- 17   visceral mesoderm   (Dornan et al., 1997) endoderm   (Dornan et al., 1997) antenno-maxillary complex   (Dornan et al., 1997) garland cell   (Dornan et al., 1997) larval stage   bouton   (Dornan et al., 1997) neuromuscular junction   (Dornan et al., 1997)
Additional Descriptive Data
	α-Adaptin protein is present in the cytoplasm of all cells in the embryo. In some circumstances it is concentrated where the plasma membrane is forming. In lateral and ventral chordotonal organs, it is in structures that may be endosomal vesicles. In neuromuscular junctions, it is seen at the plasma membrane in the synaptic bouton. (Berdnik et al., 2002, Dornan et al., 1997) α-Adaptin proteinis detected in embryonic extracts by Western blots. A detailed descriptionof it\'s distribution in embryos as determined by immunolocalization isprovided. In summary, during cellularization, it is seen between and aheadof the elongating nuclei and redistributes to the cell surface duringgastrulation. In later stages, it is expressed in a complex and dynamicpattern. Strong sites of expression include neuroblasts, presumptivestomatogastric nervous sytem, lateral chordotonal organs, garland cells,adult midgut precursors, antenno-maxillary complex, endoderm, fat bodies,and the visceral mesoderm. In larvae, it is localized to the plasmamembrane in the synaptic boutons of the neuromuscular junctions. Itappears to be a good marker for endocytic activity. (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997, Dornan et al., 1997)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
AP-2 adaptor complex inferred from mutant phenotype (Windler and Bilder, 2010) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997, Khanna et al., 2010)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{PZ}AP-2α06694 Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference wandering third instar larval stage   imaginal disc   (Meister and Braun, 1995.10) embryonic/larval brain   (Meister and Braun, 1995.10) embryonic/larval fat body   (Meister and Braun, 1995.10)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3    31 central nervous system, pupae P8    55 head, virgin 1-day female    27 head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    18 head, mated 4-day female    16 head, mated 20-day female    14 head, mated 1-day male    32 head, mated 4-day male    27 head, mated 20-day male    27 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    5 salivary gland, white prepupae    12 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    14 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    7 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    22 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    26 carcass, 1-day adult    11 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    9 ovary, virgin 4-day female    51 ovary, mated 4-day female    38 testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3  (31) central nervous system, pupae P8  (55) head, virgin 1-day female  (27) head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    18 head, mated 4-day female    16 head, mated 20-day female    14 head, mated 1-day male  (32) head, mated 4-day male  (27) head, mated 20-day male  (27) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    5 salivary gland, white prepupae    12 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    14 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    7 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    22 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  26 carcass, 1-day adult    11 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    9 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (51) ovary, mated 4-day female  (38) testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3    31 central nervous system, pupae P8    55 head, virgin 1-day female    27 head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    18 head, mated 4-day female    16 head, mated 20-day female    14 head, mated 1-day male    32 head, mated 4-day male    27 head, mated 20-day male    27 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    5 salivary gland, white prepupae    12 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    14 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    7 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    22 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    26 carcass, 1-day adult    11 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    9 ovary, virgin 4-day female    51 ovary, mated 4-day female    38 testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3    31 central nervous system, pupae P8    55 head, virgin 1-day female    27 head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    18 head, mated 4-day female    16 head, mated 20-day female    14 head, mated 1-day male    32 head, mated 4-day male    27 head, mated 20-day male    27 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    5 salivary gland, white prepupae    12 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    14 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    7 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    22 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    26 carcass, 1-day adult    11 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    9 ovary, virgin 4-day female    51 ovary, mated 4-day female    38 testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3    31 central nervous system, pupae P8    55 head, virgin 1-day female    27 head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    18 head, mated 4-day female    16 head, mated 20-day female    14 head, mated 1-day male    32 head, mated 4-day male    27 head, mated 20-day male    27 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    5 salivary gland, white prepupae    12 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    14 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    7 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    22 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    26 carcass, 1-day adult    11 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    9 ovary, virgin 4-day female    51 ovary, mated 4-day female    38 testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3  31 central nervous system, pupae P8  (55) head, virgin 1-day female  27 head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    18 head, mated 4-day female    16 head, mated 20-day female    14 head, mated 1-day male  32 head, mated 4-day male  27 head, mated 20-day male  27 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    5 salivary gland, white prepupae    12 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    14 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    7 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    22 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  26 carcass, 1-day adult    11 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    9 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (51) ovary, mated 4-day female  (38) testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3    31 central nervous system, pupae P8    55 head, virgin 1-day female    27 head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    18 head, mated 4-day female    16 head, mated 20-day female    14 head, mated 1-day male    32 head, mated 4-day male    27 head, mated 20-day male    27 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    5 salivary gland, white prepupae    12 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    14 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    7 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    22 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    26 carcass, 1-day adult    11 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    9 ovary, virgin 4-day female    51 ovary, mated 4-day female    38 testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    15 central nervous system, larvae L3    31 central nervous system, pupae P8    55 head, virgin 1-day female    27 head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    18 head, mated 4-day female    16 head, mated 20-day female    14 head, mated 1-day male    32 head, mated 4-day male    27 head, mated 20-day male    27 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    5 salivary gland, white prepupae    12 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    14 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    7 digestive system, 20-day adult    7 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    22 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    26 carcass, 1-day adult    11 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    9 ovary, virgin 4-day female    51 ovary, mated 4-day female    38 testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    56 embryo 02-04hr    10 embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr    33 embryo 08-10hr    35 embryo 10-12hr    34 embryo 12-14hr    35 embryo 14-16hr    22 embryo 16-18hr    21 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    20 larva L1    20 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    37 white prepupae new    42 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    35 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    27 pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    47 adult female 30day    44 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (56) embryo 02-04hr    10 embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr  (33) embryo 08-10hr  (35) embryo 10-12hr  (34) embryo 12-14hr  (35) embryo 14-16hr    22 embryo 16-18hr    21 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    20 larva L1    20 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (29) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (37) white prepupae new  (42) white prepupae 12hr  (33) white prepupae 24hr  (35) pupae 2d postWPP  (33) pupae 3d postWPP  (27) pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day  (27) adult female 05day  (47) adult female 30day  (44) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    56 embryo 02-04hr    10 embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr    33 embryo 08-10hr    35 embryo 10-12hr    34 embryo 12-14hr    35 embryo 14-16hr    22 embryo 16-18hr    21 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    20 larva L1    20 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    37 white prepupae new    42 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    35 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    27 pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    47 adult female 30day    44 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    56 embryo 02-04hr    10 embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr    33 embryo 08-10hr    35 embryo 10-12hr    34 embryo 12-14hr    35 embryo 14-16hr    22 embryo 16-18hr    21 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    20 larva L1    20 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    37 white prepupae new    42 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    35 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    27 pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    47 adult female 30day    44 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    56 embryo 02-04hr    10 embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr    33 embryo 08-10hr    35 embryo 10-12hr    34 embryo 12-14hr    35 embryo 14-16hr    22 embryo 16-18hr    21 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    20 larva L1    20 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    37 white prepupae new    42 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    35 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    27 pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    47 adult female 30day    44 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (56) embryo 02-04hr    10 embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr  (33) embryo 08-10hr  (35) embryo 10-12hr  (34) embryo 12-14hr  (35) embryo 14-16hr    22 embryo 16-18hr    21 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    20 larva L1    20 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (37) white prepupae new  (42) white prepupae 12hr  (33) white prepupae 24hr  (35) pupae 2d postWPP  (33) pupae 3d postWPP  27 pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day  27 adult female 05day  (47) adult female 30day  (44) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    56 embryo 02-04hr    10 embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr    33 embryo 08-10hr    35 embryo 10-12hr    34 embryo 12-14hr    35 embryo 14-16hr    22 embryo 16-18hr    21 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    20 larva L1    20 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    37 white prepupae new    42 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    35 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    27 pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    47 adult female 30day    44 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    56 embryo 02-04hr    10 embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr    33 embryo 08-10hr    35 embryo 10-12hr    34 embryo 12-14hr    35 embryo 14-16hr    22 embryo 16-18hr    21 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    20 larva L1    20 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    37 white prepupae new    42 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    35 pupae 2d postWPP    33 pupae 3d postWPP    27 pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    47 adult female 30day    44 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    49 Schneider line 2 Sg4    24 embryonic 1182-4H    21 embryonic GM2    51 embryonic Kc167    26 embryonic S1    45 embryonic S3    32 leg disc CME L1    27 wing disc CME-W2    29 wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9    30 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    39 wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32    34 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    53 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    34 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    38 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    37 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    29 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    42 tumorous blood cells mbn2    38 ovary fGS/OSS    18 ovary OSC    22 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (49) Schneider line 2 Sg4    24 embryonic 1182-4H    21 embryonic GM2  (51) embryonic Kc167  26 embryonic S1  (45) embryonic S3  (32) leg disc CME L1  (27) wing disc CME-W2  (29) wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9  (30) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (39) wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32  (34) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (53) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (34) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (38) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (37) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (29) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (42) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (38) ovary fGS/OSS    18 ovary OSC    22 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    49 Schneider line 2 Sg4    24 embryonic 1182-4H    21 embryonic GM2    51 embryonic Kc167    26 embryonic S1    45 embryonic S3    32 leg disc CME L1    27 wing disc CME-W2    29 wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9    30 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    39 wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32    34 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    53 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    34 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    38 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    37 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    29 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    42 tumorous blood cells mbn2    38 ovary fGS/OSS    18 ovary OSC    22 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    49 Schneider line 2 Sg4    24 embryonic 1182-4H    21 embryonic GM2    51 embryonic Kc167    26 embryonic S1    45 embryonic S3    32 leg disc CME L1    27 wing disc CME-W2    29 wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9    30 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    39 wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32    34 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    53 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    34 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    38 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    37 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    29 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    42 tumorous blood cells mbn2    38 ovary fGS/OSS    18 ovary OSC    22 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    49 Schneider line 2 Sg4    24 embryonic 1182-4H    21 embryonic GM2    51 embryonic Kc167    26 embryonic S1    45 embryonic S3    32 leg disc CME L1    27 wing disc CME-W2    29 wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9    30 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    39 wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32    34 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    53 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    34 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    38 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    37 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    29 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    42 tumorous blood cells mbn2    38 ovary fGS/OSS    18 ovary OSC    22 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (49) Schneider line 2 Sg4    24 embryonic 1182-4H    21 embryonic GM2  (51) embryonic Kc167  26 embryonic S1  (45) embryonic S3  32 leg disc CME L1  27 wing disc CME-W2  29 wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9  30 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (39) wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32  (34) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (53) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (34) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (38) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (37) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  29 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (42) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (38) ovary fGS/OSS    18 ovary OSC    22 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    49 Schneider line 2 Sg4    24 embryonic 1182-4H    21 embryonic GM2    51 embryonic Kc167    26 embryonic S1    45 embryonic S3    32 leg disc CME L1    27 wing disc CME-W2    29 wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9    30 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    39 wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32    34 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    53 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    34 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    38 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    37 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    29 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    42 tumorous blood cells mbn2    38 ovary fGS/OSS    18 ovary OSC    22 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    49 Schneider line 2 Sg4    24 embryonic 1182-4H    21 embryonic GM2    51 embryonic Kc167    26 embryonic S1    45 embryonic S3    32 leg disc CME L1    27 wing disc CME-W2    29 wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9    30 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    39 wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32    34 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    53 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    34 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    38 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    37 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    29 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    42 tumorous blood cells mbn2    38 ovary fGS/OSS    18 ovary OSC    22 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    10 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    30 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    13 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    10 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (28) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (30) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    13 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (27) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (27) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    10 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    30 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    13 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    10 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    30 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    13 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    10 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    30 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    13 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    10 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  28 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  30 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    13 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  27 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  27 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    10 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    30 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    13 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    10 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    10 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    30 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    13 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    13 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_23 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_03
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • SD22796
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal AP-2αGD5059 lethal, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu AP-2αGD5059 lethal | embryonic stage AP-2α06694 lethal | larval stage | recessive AP-2α3 lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 AP-2αGD5059 lethal | pupal stage | recessive AP-2α06694 lethal | recessive AP-2α06694 AP-2αSH0460 lethal | somatic clone AP-2α3 Other Phenotypes Allele flightless AP-2α2 hyperplasia | recessive AP-2α06694 AP-2αSH0460 locomotor behavior defective AP-2α2 locomotor behavior defective | heat sensitive AP-2α3 neuroanatomy defective AP-2α3 AP-2α06694 neuroanatomy defective | larval stage AP-2αGD5059 neuroanatomy defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4109(2)80 AP-2αdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa neuroanatomy defective | recessive AP-2α06694 AP-2αSH0460 neurophysiology defective AP-2α3 AP-2α06694 uncoordinated | heat sensitive AP-2α3 visible | heat sensitive (with AP-2α3) AP-2α4 visible | heat sensitive (with AP-2α4) AP-2α3 Phenotype manifest in Allele anterior fascicle & synapse, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 AP-2αEP896 dendrite | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4109(2)80 AP-2αdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa dendritic arborizing neuron | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4109(2)80 AP-2αdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa embryonic/larval brain AP-2αSH0460 AP-2α06694 embryonic/larval neuroblast | larval stage AP-2αGD5059 embryonic/larval neuroblast | supernumerary AP-2αSH0460 AP-2α06694 embryonic/larval salivary gland | third instar larval stage (with AP-2α3) AP-2α06694 embryonic/larval salivary gland | third instar larval stage (with AP-2α06694) AP-2α3 external sensory organ AP-2αear5 external sensory organ precursor cell IIa | ectopic | somatic clone AP-2αear4 external sensory organ precursor cell IIb | somatic clone AP-2αear4 eye disc | somatic clone AP-2α40-31 eye photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF AP-2αdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa intersegmental nerve, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 AP-2αEP896 macrochaeta | somatic clone AP-2αear4 microchaeta | somatic clone AP-2αear4 retina | conditional | somatic clone AP-2α06694 rhabdomere, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF AP-2αdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa sensory mother cell AP-2αear5 socket | ectopic | somatic clone AP-2αear4 synapse AP-2α06694 AP-2α3 wing | heat sensitive (with AP-2α3) AP-2α4 wing | heat sensitive (with AP-2α4) AP-2α3 wing vein | heat sensitive (with AP-2α3) AP-2α4 wing vein | heat sensitive (with AP-2α4) AP-2α3
Classical Alleles ( 15 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of AP-2α Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion AP-2α06694 hypomorphic allele - molecular evidence, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 1 Yes AP-2αMI06502 1 -- AP-2α3 amorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 0 Yes AP-2α2 Delta2-3 0 Yes AP-2α40-31 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes AP-2α4 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- AP-2αear26 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes AP-2αear4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes AP-2αear5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes AP-2αEP2519 P-element activity 0 -- AP-2αEP896 P-element activity 0 Yes AP-2αSH0460 hypomorphic allele - molecular evidence P-element activity 0 -- AP-2αT1 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes AP-2αW5 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes AP-2αY9 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of AP-2α Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion AP-2αGD5059 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes AP-2αHMS00653 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes AP-2αdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes AP-2αN2.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes AP-2αNIG.31654R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes AP-2αNIG.4260R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes AP-2αScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes AP-2αTrunk.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes AP-2αΔEar.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes AP-2αΔEar5.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes AP-2αΔNTΔEar.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)ast1 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Df(2L)ast2 (Spradling et al., 1999) Df(2L)net-PM47C (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Df(2L)net-PMF (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Spradling et al., 1999) In(2L)ast-1 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Disrupted in	Df(2L)al (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997, Spradling et al., 1999, Berdnik et al., 2002)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}AP-2αSH0460 No P{PZ}AP-2α06694 No P{PZ}retn05096 No insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}AP-2αEP896 NA P{EP}AP-2αEP2519 NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}B0756B0756 NA miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}AP-2αMI06502 NA P{PZ-Δ.a2}AP-2α2 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 17 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein transporter activity inferred from mutant phenotype (Windler and Bilder, 2010)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
endocytosis inferred from mutant phenotype (Windler and Bilder, 2010) neurogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Neumüller et al., 2011) positive regulation of endocytosis inferred from mutant phenotype (Hutterer and Knoblich, 2005) protein localization inferred from mutant phenotype (Roegiers et al., 2005) regulation of endocytosis inferred from direct assay (Orem et al., 2006)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
AP-2 adaptor complex inferred from mutant phenotype (Windler and Bilder, 2010) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997, Khanna et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 10 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
asymmetric cell division traceable author statement (Bardin et al., 2004) intracellular protein transport inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002553, InterPro:IPR003164, InterPro:IPR008152, InterPro:IPR009028, InterPro:IPR013038, InterPro:IPR015873 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) neurotransmitter secretion non-traceable author statement (Stimson and Ramaswami, 1999) synaptic vesicle coating traceable author statement (Stimson and Ramaswami, 1999) synaptic vesicle transport traceable author statement (Narayanan and Ramaswami, 2001) vesicle coating traceable author statement (Stimson and Ramaswami, 1999) vesicle-mediated transport non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1998.11.1)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
AP-2 adaptor complex non-traceable author statement (Gonzalez Gaitan, 1997.2.5, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1998.11.1) coated vesicle traceable author statement (Stimson and Ramaswami, 1999) synaptic vesicle traceable author statement (Stimson and Ramaswami, 1999)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene (Menut et al., 2007) gene_with_edited_transcript (Stapleton et al., 2006, Graveley et al., 2011) nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
AP-2α - AP-1-2β experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) AP-2α - AP-2μ experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) AP-2α - AP-2σ anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) AP-2α - Arr2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Bub1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Bx42 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG10366 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG10417 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG10602 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG10681 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG11266 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG13567 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG14427 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG14695 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG15471 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG17601 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG30195 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG31051 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG31111 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG31637 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG32812 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG3919 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG42557 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) AP-2α - CG4302 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG4338 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG4813 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG6227 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG6652 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG6674 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG7028 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG7137 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG7669 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG7686 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG8289 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG8671 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CG8735 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CanA1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Cdc6 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Chi anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CkIIβ anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CrebA anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Csl4 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - CycY anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Hakai anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Hexim anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) AP-2α - Mbs anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Myd88 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - NHP2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Nak anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) AP-2α - Ntf-2 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) AP-2α - P58IPK anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Pebp1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Pitslre anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Pp2B-14D anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Pten anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Ran anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - RasGAP1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Rbf anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Rbp1-like anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Reps experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) AP-2α - Rlip experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) AP-2α - SNCF anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Socs44A anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Syx6 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - Tsp29Fb anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - ana2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - brk anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - grp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - gus anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - lack anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - nemy anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - numb anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot (Song and Lu, 2012) AP-2α - slmb anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - thoc7 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - tor anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - ttk anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) AP-2α - vri anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions AP-2α allele Gene References α-Adaptin3 Chc (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1999) lqf (Cadavid et al., 2000) α-AdaptinEP2519 slbo (Rorth et al., 1998)
External Data
Linkouts	SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P91926
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (44) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6FXRSW Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6J9N6Z Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG66DJXN Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6RBP0J Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG657J0B
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6FXRSW)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\AP-2α     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD22960 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM16671 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG24651 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE16139 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF24806 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA18063 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL19265 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK24645 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ19747 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI18037 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH10520 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6J9N6Z)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL004469   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\alpha-Adaptin   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ801406
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG66DJXN)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\alpha-Adaptin   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG005420   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH22610   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP24198   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO15014   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL14430   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH19964   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB14320   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV16517   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI087735   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA005466   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM117610   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC010798
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6RBP0J)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\COI   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW018035
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG657J0B)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\apa-2   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_007864gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_004963gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_024893gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000054320   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ENSXETG00000009033   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ap2a2   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\AP2A2   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Ap2a2   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Ap2a1   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Ap2a2   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Ap2a1   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000196961   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\AP2A2
Human Orthologs (2)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\ENSG00000196961     Hsap\AP2A2
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD22960 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM16671 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG24651 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE16139 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF24806 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA18063 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL19265 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK24645 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ19747 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI18037 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH10520
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 5 )
Bloomington	12319 cn1 P{PZ}AP-2α06694/CyO; ry506 42155 y1 w*; Mi{MIC}AP-2αMI06502/SM6a 32866 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS00653}attP2
VDRC	v15565 w1118; P{GD5059}v15565 v15566 w1118; P{GD5059}v15566
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR16A12 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 71 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RH30202 SD22796
Other clones	LD25254
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT09650 AT18592 AT30561 GH08828 GH09237 GH12572 LD01019 LP02238 RE21884 RE27493 RE33565 RE42362 RE42445 RE44511 RE45345 RE67570 RE70353 RE72326 RH22427 RH24659 RH26960 RH28917 RH29155 RH31619 RH37231 RH44644 RH59119 RH68015 RH71120 SD04083 SD06719 SD07441 SD10571 SD11247 SD14738 SD27935
Other clones	CK01074 Dmel_dig_016757_0713_2734 Dmel_neb_003925_0390_3678 Dmel_neb_014810_0139_3308 Dmel_neb_014922_0194_2326 Dmel_neb_015018_0145_2197 Dmel_neb_015895_0456_0512 EK041104 EK047827 EK052119 EK064515 EK079825 EK087425 EK089948 EK096462 EK100115 EK100120 EK104439 EK131411 EK152024 EK154136 EK175135 EK209863 EK220218 EK230631 EK255260 EK261706 EK266362 EK268326 EK271835 EK277649 EP13862
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Dornan et al., 1997, Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: AP-2α α-Adaptin (Bonifacino et al., 2012.12.21) Source for identity of: α-Adaptin CG4260 (Guan, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: α-Adaptin l(2)SH0460 (Song and Lu, 2012) Source for merge of: α-Adaptin MENE(2L)-A (Windler and Bilder, 2010)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	The α-Adaptin product regulates the spdo protein localization. (Roegiers et al., 2005) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) 2 alleles of l(2)SH0460 recovered in a P-insertion screen. (Oh et al., 2003) Homozygous clones induced during early larval development do not survive. Clones induced late in larval development do survive but at a growth disadvantage compared to wild type twin spots. (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1999) An α-Adaptin cDNA has been cloned and sequenced, and its expression pattern has been analysed. (Dornan et al., 1997) In presynaptic terminals α-Adaptin defines a network-like membrane structure to which the GTPase dynamin is recruited. α-Adaptin is necessary for the formation of clathrin coated pits and participates in the dynamin-dependent release of coated vesicles from the membrane surface. Results suggest an α-Adaptin-dependent control of the vesicle cycle that maintains the balance between the amount of vesicle- and surface-associated membranes. (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057471 NM_205885 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476819 NP_995607 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA816246 AAF56103 AAO39461 AAS64634 AB082066 AC004275 AC005762 AQ024987 AQ073654 BI588778 BT003458 CAA71991 CAA73533 G00611 Y11104 Y13092 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 33211 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P91926
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Clathrin/coatomer adaptor, adaptin-like, N-terminal (IPR002553) Clathrin adaptor, alpha-adaptin, appendage, C-terminal subdomain (IPR003164) Clathrin adaptor, alpha/beta/gamma-adaptin, appendage, Ig-like subdomain (IPR008152) Coatomer/calthrin adaptor appendage, C-terminal subdomain (IPR009028) Armadillo-like helical (IPR011989) Clathrin adaptor, alpha-adaptin, appendage, Ig-like subdomain (IPR013038) Coatomer/clathrin adaptor appendage, Ig-like subdomain (IPR013041) Clathrin alpha-adaptin/coatomer adaptor, appendage, C-terminal subdomain (IPR015873) Armadillo-type fold (IPR016024) Adaptor protein complex AP-2, alpha subunit (IPR017104) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • SD22796
Linkouts
	SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P91926
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 30 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	ada (Halbsgut et al., 2011, Berdnik et al., 2002, Roegiers et al., 2005, Hutterer and Knoblich, 2005) Alpha-Adaptin (Hossain et al., 2008) alpha-Adaptin (Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) AP2 (Crosetto, 2005, Gonzalez-Gaitan and Stenmark, 2003, Sommer et al., 2005) AP-2 (Littleton et al., 2001) AP-2α (Windler and Bilder, 2010, Bonifacino et al., 2012.12.21, Benhra et al., 2011) apl3 (Neumann et al., 2010, Neumann et al., 2010) CG4260 (Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Boehm, 2001, Kraut et al., 2001, Kraut et al., 2001, Verstreken and Bellen, 2000.9.4, Grieder et al., 2007, Raghu et al., 2009, Khanna et al., 2010, Cammarato et al., 2011, Vidal et al., 2010) cg4260 (Boehm and Bonifacino, 2002) CG31654   D-Ada (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1999) dAP-2a (Zhang and Ganetzky, 1997) D-αAda (Boehm and Bonifacino, 2002, Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997) l(2)06694   l(2)SH2 0460 (Oh et al., 2002.3.22) l(2)SH0460   MENE(2L)-A (Windler and Bilder, 2010) MENE (2L)-A (Menut et al., 2007) α (Boehm and Bonifacino, 2001) α-Ada (Song and Lu, 2012, Xie et al., 2012, Chen et al., 2002, Cadavid et al., 2000, Verstreken et al., 2009, Cherry and Perrimon, 2004) α-ada (Song and Lu, 2012, Peng et al., 2009, Tang et al., 2005, Peng et al., 2009, Tong et al., 2010) α-adaptin (Wucherpfennig et al., 2003, Roegiers et al., 2005, Vidal et al., 2010) α-Adaptin (Dietzl et al., 2007, Wheeler et al., 2009, Majumdar et al., 2006, Yang et al., 2011, Raghu et al., 2009, Compagnon et al., 2009, Stapleton et al., 2006, )
Name Synonym	Adaptor Protein complex 2, α subunit (Bonifacino et al., 2012.12.21, ) alpha-adaptin (Roegiers and Jan, 2004, Gonzalez Gaitan, 1997.2.5, Dornan, 1997.5.9) alpha-Adaptin (Cayouette and Raff, 2002, Cammarato et al., 2011, Neumüller et al., 2011) alpha adaptin (Bellen, 2000.12.25) Alpha-adaptin (Khanna et al., 2010) lethal (2) SH0460   α-adaptin (Toriya et al., 2004, Bardin et al., 2004, Skeath and Thor, 2003, Parkhurst and Delidakis, 2003, Geisbrecht and Montell, 2002, Dollar et al., 2002, Narayanan and Ramaswami, 2001, Stimson et al., 2001, Rogat and Miller, 2002, Kraut et al., 2001, Kraut et al., 2001, Dornan et al., 1997, Forjanic et al., 1997, Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997, Koh et al., 2007, Polo and Di, 2006, Sommer et al., 2005, Robertson et al., 2000, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Guha et al., 2003, Orem et al., 2006, Korolchuk et al., 2007, Lee et al., 2008, Rajan et al., 2009, Li et al., 2010, Estes et al., 2000, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Tong et al., 2010, Ho et al., 2010, Herz et al., 2010) α adaptin (Lloyd et al., 2000) αAdaptin (Grieder et al., 2007) α-Adaptin (Song and Lu, 2012, Cherry and Perrimon, 2004, Verstreken et al., 2009, Hutterer and Knoblich, 2005, Dornan et al., 1996, Chen et al., 2011, Xie et al., 2012, Felix et al., 2012)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0010623 FBgn0015567 FBgn0065772 FBgn0260562 FBgn0263350
References ( 138 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 138 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 67 ) Supplementary material  ( 18 ) Review  ( 19 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 13 ) Abstract  ( 10 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 3 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 11 )
	Khuong et al., 2013, Neuron 77(6): 1097--1108 Synaptic PI(3,4,5)P3 Is Required for Syntaxin1A Clustering and Neurotransmitter Release. [FBrf0221106] Adamson and Lajeunesse, 2012, ScientificWorldJournal 2012: 347597 A Study of Epstein-Barr Virus BRLF1 Activity in a Drosophila Model System. [FBrf0218446] Felix et al., 2012, Genetics 191(3): 989--1002 Age-Specific Variation in Immune Response in Drosophila melanogaster Has a Genetic Basis. [FBrf0218944] Krauchunas et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 370(1): 125--134 Protein phosphorylation changes reveal new candidates in the regulation of egg activation and early embryogenesis in D. melanogaster. [FBrf0219342] Song and Lu, 2012, J. Biol. Chem. 287(21): 17716--17728 Interaction of Notch Signaling Modulator Numb with α-Adaptin Regulates Endocytosis of Notch Pathway Components and Cell Fate Determination of Neural Stem Cells. [FBrf0218342] Xie et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 363(2): 399--412 Drosophila Epsin's role in Notch ligand cells requires three Epsin protein functions: The lipid binding function of the ENTH domain, a single Ubiquitin interaction motif, and a subset of the C-terminal protein binding modules. [FBrf0217494] Benhra et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(1): 87--95 AP-1 Controls the Trafficking of Notch and Sanpodo toward E-Cadherin Junctions in Sensory Organ Precursors. [FBrf0212697] Chen et al., 2011, J. Biol. Chem. 286(11): 9020--9030 E2 Ligase dRad6 Regulates DMP53 Turnover in Drosophila. [FBrf0213391] Halbsgut et al., 2011, Mol. Biol. Cell 22(22): 4373--4379 Apical-basal polarity in Drosophila neuroblasts is independent of vesicular trafficking. [FBrf0216808] Neumüller et al., 2011, Cell Stem Cell 8(5): 580--593 Genome-Wide Analysis of Self-Renewal in Drosophila Neural Stem Cells by Transgenic RNAi. [FBrf0213621] Yang et al., 2011, Neuron 72(2): 285--299 Nak regulates localization of clathrin sites in higher-order dendrites to promote local dendrite growth. [FBrf0216477] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...