FB2025_02 , released April 17, 2025
Gene: Dmel\Bx
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Bx
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Beadex
Annotation Symbol
CG44425
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0265598
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
59 publicly available
Gene Summary
Beadex (Bx) encodes a LIM-only protein that regulates activity of LIM-homeodomain proteins such as the product of ap by binding to form hetero-tetramers. It regulates the activity of the product of ap in the wing disc, and presumably other tissues. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

dLMO, hdp, dttg, Lmo, fliH

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
17C1-17C4
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-60
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:18515428..18572809
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:pnr; FB:FBgn0003117
(Zenvirt et al., 2008)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:chianti; FB:FBgn0020863
(Zenvirt et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001197865
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables transcription coactivator activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001197865
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (11 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (10 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chaeta development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zenvirt et al., 2008)
involved_in gastric emptying
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ren et al., 2014)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived leg segmentation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Pueyo and Couso, 2004)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Biryukova et al., 2009, Milan et al., 1998)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ap; FB:FBgn0267978
(Milan et al., 1998)
involved_in leg disc development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Pueyo and Couso, 2004)
involved_in locomotor rhythm
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tsai et al., 2004)
involved_in negative regulation of locomotor rhythm
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nian et al., 2019)
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zenvirt et al., 2008)
involved_in regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nian et al., 2019)
involved_in response to cocaine
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tsai et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001197865
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001197865
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in nucleus
non-traceable author statement
(Milan et al., 1998)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Beadex (Bx) encodes a LIM-only protein that regulates activity of LIM-homeodomain proteins such as the product of ap by binding to form hetero-tetramers. It regulates the activity of the product of ap in the wing disc, and presumably other tissues. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
Bx: Beadex
Male and homozygous female with Beaded-like wings; long, narrow, and excised along both margins; fully viable. Heterozygous female less extreme and overlaps wild type. Some venation abnormality. Development studied by Goldschmidt [1935, Biol. Zentralbl. 55: 535-54 (fig.)]. According to Waddington (1940), embryological effect is same as that of vg. RK2 (RK3 as Bx/+).
Bx2
thumb
Bx2: Beadex-2
Edith M. Wallace, unpublished.
Wings of males and homozygous females narrowed by marginal excision. Wings often bubbly and ragged. Homozygous female fully viable. Bx2/+ less extreme; overlaps wild type. Classifiable in a single dose in triploids (Schultz, 1934, DIS 1: 55). RK1 (RK3 as Bx2/+).
Bx3
Extreme allele usually without the bubbles in the wing. Shortened L5 a constant character (few Bx2 show this). Wings more pointed than Bx2 and hairs at tip of wing clumped. Third-instar larvae show 20-40 degenerating cells in area of wing disk corresponding to future wing margin (D. Fristrom, 1969, Mol. Gen. Genet. 103: 363-79). Scalloping visible in prepupal wing bud [Waddington, 1940, J. Genet. 41: 75-139 (fig.)]. Bx3 in heterozygous combination with a Bx deficiency or hdp-a has normal wing phenotype (Lifschytz and Green, 1979, Mol. Gen. Genet. 171: 153-59). Bx3/+ fully separable. RK1.
BxJ: Beadex of Jollos
Wings reduced to slender strip; only posterior cell present at tip. BxJ/+ have half and BxJ/BxJ one third the normal number of cells in membrane of wing. Femur shortened or legs otherwise abnormal, especially third pair. Halteres abnormal. Homozygous female viable. Interacts with bi to give more nearly normal wings. The only dominant Bx allele not suppressed by a Bx deficiency [e.g., In(1)ClLy4R] or hdp (Lifschytz and Green, 1979, Mol. Gen. Genet. 171: 153-59). Embryology like Bx [Goldschmidt, 1935, Biol. Zentralbl. 55: 535-54; Waddington, 1940, J. Genet. 41: 75-139 (fig.)]. Clonal analysis of wing disk development indicates massive cell loss during third larval instar. Clones of Bx+ cells in BxJ/+ wings that reach the margin but are confined to the dorsal or ventral surface often cause reconstitution of both surfaces and appearance of marginal elements derived from both surfaces (Santamaria and Garcia-Bellido). RK1. 1975, Wilhelm Roux' Arch. Entwicklungsmech. Organ. 178: 233-45.
Bxr: Beadex-recessive
Bxr/+ is normal. Male and homozygous female show less extreme narrowing of wings than Bx. Anterior crossvein short and thickened and that region blistered. May overlap wild type in old crowded cultures at 25, more extreme at 19. RK3A.
Bxr49k
thumb
Bxr49k: Beadex-recessive 49k
From Green, 1953, Z. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungsl. 85: 435-49.
Slight scalloping of posterior wing margin only; overlaps wild type. RK3A.
hdp-a
Wings held up to various degrees; may overlap wild type. hdp-a alleles act as dominant suppressors of Bx in either cis or trans (Lifschytz and Green, 1979, Mol. Gen. Genet. 171: 153-59). Lifschytz and Green consider hdp-a mutants to be hypomorphic or amorphic alleles of a gene that is under cis control of Bx+; Bx mutants cause overproduction hdp-a+ product.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

LIM-only protein that forms heterotetramers with Apterous - regulates Apterous activity levels in the wing disc

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
4

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Bx for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry M9PI02)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Supported by strand-specific RNA-Seq data.

Shares 5' UTR with upstream gene.

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Stop-codon suppression (UAA) postulated; FBrf0216885.

Gene model reviewed during 5.40

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Bx-RA
FBtr0340364
NM_167625
2494
313
Bx-RB
FBtr0340365
NM_078678
2051
384
Bx-RC
FBtr0340366
NM_176758
3413
313
Bx-RD
FBtr0340367
NM_001272758
2494
424
Bx-RF
FBtr0340363
NM_001272759
2309
383
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Bx-PA
FBpp0309322
32.7
313
7.88
O77284
NP_728184
AAF48861
Bx-PB
FBpp0309323
41.2
384
6.98
Q8IQX7
NP_523402
AAN09472
Bx-PC
FBpp0309324
32.7
313
7.88
O77284
NP_788931
AAO41709
Bx-PD
FBpp0309325
43.1
424
8.49
M9PI02
NP_001259687
AGB95529
Bx-PF
FBpp0309321
40.0
383
7.08
M9PHX4
NP_001259688
AGB95530
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

313 aa isoforms: Bx-PA, Bx-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Bx using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.64

Transcript Expression
expression microarray
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
indirect flight muscle cell
(Katti et al., 2017)
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
fat body/gonad primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain glial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut interstitial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
third instar larval stage
wing disc | restricted
(Asmar et al., 2008)
mesonotum

Comment: specific to Bx-RA

(Asmar et al., 2008)
wing pouch

Comment: specific to Bx-RA

(Asmar et al., 2008)
wing hinge primordium

Comment: specific the Bx-RB

(Asmar et al., 2008)
Additional Descriptive Data

There are two major transcript classes and two promoters for Bx and they show differential expression. Transcripts initiating from the upstream promoter show expression in the wing disc which is restricted to the dorsal compartment and is observed in the wing pouch and notum. Transcripts initiating from the downstream promoter are detected in the wing dics only near the hinge on both the dorsal and ventral sides and are not detected in the notum.

(Asmar et al., 2008)

There are two major transcript classes and two promoters for Bx and they show differential expression. Transcripts initiating from the upstream promoter are observed in the wing disc in the dorsal compartment and are also observed in the wing pouch and notum. Transcripts initiating from the downstream promoter are detected in the wing dics only near the hinge on both the dorsal and ventral sides and are not detected in the notum.

(Asmar et al., 2008)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
second instar larval stage
wing disc

Comment: expression level is low

(Milan et al., 2004)
third instar larval stage
wing disc

Comment: expression level is higher than in second instar discs

(Milan et al., 2004)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{GawB}BxMS1096
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
wing disc | restricted
(Guillen et al., 1995, Capdevila and Guerrero, 1994)
embryonic stage 10 -- 17
presumptive embryonic salivary gland | faint
(Marquez et al., 2001)
larval stage
imaginal disc | restricted
(Garcia-Alonso et al., 2000)
wing disc dorsal compartment
(Men et al., 2016)
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Arefin et al., 2017)
wing disc
(Arefin et al., 2017)
third instar larval stage
wing disc | dorsal
(Lunde et al., 1998)
wing disc | anterior | ventral
(Lunde et al., 1998)
wing pouch | dorsal | ventral
(Neumann and Cohen, 1996)
wing hinge primordium | faint
(Neumann and Cohen, 1996)
wing pouch
(Obata et al., 2014, Lee et al., 2006)
wing disc dorsal compartment
(Usha and Shashidhara, 2010)
wing disc | restricted
(Kim et al., 2004)
prepupal stage
wing disc | dorsal
(Lunde et al., 1998)
Reporter: P{GawB}Bxpdrm
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
antennal lobe
(Tsai et al., 2004)
adult Kenyon cell
(Tsai et al., 2004)
s-LNv Pdf neuron
(Tsai et al., 2004)
adult pacemaker neuron
(Tsai et al., 2004)
adult neurosecretory cell of pars intercerebralis
(Tsai et al., 2004)
adult glial cell
(Tsai et al., 2004)
larval ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Tsai et al., 2004)
Reporter: P{GawB-ΔKE}BxMS1096-KE
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
wing disc dorsal compartment
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2017, Li et al., 2013)
Reporter: TI{CRIMIC.TG4.2}BxCR00363-TG4.2
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain | restricted
(Lee et al., 2018)
adult pars intercerebralis | restricted
(Lee et al., 2018)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Bx in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 113 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 17 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Bx
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Bx
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 19 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | male limited
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4c323a
partially lethal
partially lethal | male
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
partially lethal - majority die | male limited
partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4c204
partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4c306
partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Sterility
Allele
female fertile | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4nanos.PG
female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4c204
female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4c323a
female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4futsch-C380
female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4VGlut1.PD
fertile
male fertile
male sterile
male sterile | recessive
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal behavior | recessive
abnormal body color, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
abnormal cell number | dominant | wandering third instar larval stage
abnormal cell number | wandering third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ
abnormal circadian behavior | adult stage
abnormal circadian behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4mir-263b-Δ-G4
abnormal circadian rhythm | adult stage
abnormal circadian rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4mir-263b-Δ-G4
abnormal eclosion, with Scer\GAL4CCAP.PP
abnormal eclosion, with Scer\GAL4CCAP.PP, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | drug conditional
abnormal locomotor rhythm
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4mir-263b-Δ-G4
abnormal size
abnormal size (with BxA523)
abnormal size (with BxJ)
abnormal size | dominant
abnormal sleep
chemical resistant
chemical resistant, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
chemical sensitive
decreased cell number | recessive | wandering third instar larval stage
decreased cell number | wandering third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ
decreased cell number | wandering third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4lz-gal4
decreased fecundity | female
decreased fecundity | female, with Scer\GAL4c204
decreased fecundity | female, with Scer\GAL4c306
decreased fecundity | female, with Scer\GAL4c323a
decreased fecundity | female, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
decreased fecundity | female, with Scer\GAL4futsch-C380
flightless
increased cell death | dominant
increased cell number | wandering third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4lz-gal4
majority die during embryonic stage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4c204
majority die during embryonic stage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4c306
majority die during embryonic stage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6
some die during larval stage | male limited
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
visible, with Scer\GAL4bbg-C96
visible, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
visible, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
visible, with Scer\GAL4Ser.PGF
visible (with BxD110)
visible (with BxD124)
visible (with BxD128)
visible (with BxMS1096)
visible | adult stage
visible | adult stage (with Bx2)
visible | adult stage (with Bx5-1)
visible | adult stage (with Bxhdp48-1)
visible | adult stage (with Bxhdp58-1)
visible | adult stage (with Bxhdp67-2)
visible | adult stage (with Bxhdp185-1)
visible | adult stage | dominant
visible | dominant
visible | recessive
visible | semidominant
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult abdomen
adult thoracic mechanosensory chaeta, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
alar lobe | dorsal
anterior crossvein
anterior dorsocentral bristle
anterior wing margin
axon collateral | adult stage
axon collateral | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4mir-263b-Δ-G4
campaniform sensillum of dorsal radius, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
crop
crossvein
dorsal appendage
dorsal appendage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4c204
dorsal appendage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4c323a
dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
dorsocentral bristle | increased number
dorsocentral bristle | increased number, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
egg
egg | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4c204
egg | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4c323a
embryonic/larval crystal cell | increased number | wandering third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval crystal cell | increased number | wandering third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ
embryonic/larval crystal cell | increased number | wandering third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4lz-gal4
embryonic/larval crystal cell | wandering third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval crystal cell | wandering third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ
embryonic/larval crystal cell | wandering third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4lz-gal4
embryonic/larval hemocyte | wandering third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval hemocyte | wandering third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ
femur
haltere
macrochaeta
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
ovariole
ovary
posterior wing margin
scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
scutum, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
s-LNv Pdf neuron
s-LNv Pdf neuron, with Scer\GAL4mir-263b-Δ-G4
tarsal segment 4, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
unguis, with Scer\GAL4Dll-md23
wing
wing, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
wing, with Scer\GAL4bbg-C96
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing, with Scer\GAL4CCAP.PP
wing, with Scer\GAL4CCAP.PP, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
wing, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing, with Scer\GAL4Ser.PGF
wing (with Bx2)
wing (with Bx5-1)
wing (with BxA523)
wing (with BxD110)
wing (with BxD124)
wing (with BxD128)
wing (with Bxhdp48-1)
wing (with Bxhdp58-1)
wing (with Bxhdp67-2)
wing (with Bxhdp185-1)
wing (with BxJ)
wing (with BxMS1096)
wing | dorsal, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
wing | dorsal, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing | dorsal | somatic clone
wing | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing blade dorsal compartment
wing blade posterior compartment
wing disc
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
wing disc | dorsal
wing disc | dorsal | somatic clone
wing disc | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
wing hair
wing margin
wing margin, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
wing margin, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
wing margin (with BxA523)
wing margin (with BxJ)
wing margin | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
wing margin | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
wing margin | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing margin bristle | increased number
wing vein
wing vein L3 | dorsal, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing vein L5
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (54)
Hsap\LMO1
7 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\LMO3
6 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\LMO2
2 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\LMO4
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LPXN
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PXN
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TGFB1I1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ABLIM1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ABLIM2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ABLIM3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\AJUBA
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ALX4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ARX
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DLX5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DUX1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\DUX3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\DUX5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FBLIM1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\FHL3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ISL1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ISL2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ISX
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LDB3
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\LHX1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\LHX2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\LHX3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LHX4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LHX5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LHX6
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\LHX8
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LHX9
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\LIMA1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\LIMD1
1 of 14
No
No
7  
Hsap\LIMK1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LIMK2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LIMS1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LIMS2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LIMS4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LMX1A
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LMX1B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LPP
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PAX3
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PAX6
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\PAX7
1 of 14
No
No
0  
Hsap\PDLIM5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PDLIM7
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PRICKLE2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PRICKLE3
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\SHOX
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\TRIP6
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\WTIP
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZFHX2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZFHX4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZYX
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (24)
Rnor\Lmo3
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Lmo1
6 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Lmo2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Lmo4
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Tgfb1i1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Isl1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Isl2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Lhx1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Lhx2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Lhx3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Lhx4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Lhx5
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Lhx6
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Lhx8
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Lhx9
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Lims1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Lims2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Lmx1a
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Lmx1b
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Lpxn
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pdlim5
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pdlim7
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pxn
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Trip6
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (25)
Mmus\Lmo3
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Lmo1
7 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Lmo2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Lmo4
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Lpxn
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Tgfb1i1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ablim1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Isl1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Isl2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Lhx1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Lhx2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Lhx3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Lhx4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Lhx5
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Lhx6
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Lhx8
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Lhx9
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Lims1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Lims2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Lmx1a
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Lmx1b
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pdlim5
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pdlim7
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pxn
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Trip6
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (32)
Xtro\lmo1
4 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\lmo3
4 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\lmo2
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\lmo4.2
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pxn
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ablim2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\arx
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\crybb2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dmbx1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hoxb2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\isl2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ldb3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\lhx1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\lhx5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\lhx6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\lhx8
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\lhx9
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\limd1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\lims1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\lmo4.1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\lmx1a
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\lmx1b.1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\lmx1b.2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\lpp
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pax3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pdlim5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pitx2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\prickle1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\tgfb1i1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\zfhx3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\zfhx4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\zyx
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (36)
Drer\lmo3
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\lmo1
7 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\lims2
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\lmo2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\lmo4a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\lmo4b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\pxnb
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:dkey-90l8.3
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\zgc:56628
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\isl1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\isl1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\isl2a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\isl2b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lhx1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lhx1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lhx2a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lhx2b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lhx3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lhx4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lhx5
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lhx6a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lhx6b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lhx8a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lhx9
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lims1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lmx1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lmx1al
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lmx1ba
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lmx1bb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC799481
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\lpxn
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pdlim5a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pdlim5b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pdlim7
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pxna
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\wtip
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (18)
Cele\alp-1
2 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\pxl-1
2 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\alr-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\ceh-14
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\ceh-17
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\lim-4
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\lim-6
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\lim-7
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\lim-9
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\lin-11
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\mec-3
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\pin-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\ttx-3
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\unc-42
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\unc-97
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\unc-115
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\Y1A5A.1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\zyx-1
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (28)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000731
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010391
4 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003429
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008532
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000190
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000755
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001187
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001593
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004548
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005137
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005138
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005400
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005425
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006536
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006537
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006540
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006901
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007839
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007840
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008979
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008980
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008981
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009088
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009503
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010209
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011134
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012744
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\PRIC1_ANOGA
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (8)
Atha\AT2G28460
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT4G36860
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\DA1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\DAR2
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\DAR4
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\DAR5
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\DAR6
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\DAR7
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\RGA1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\rga1
1 of 12
Yes
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Bx. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (28)
CG5708
4 of 13
CG30178
3 of 13
CG34325
3 of 13
Pax
3 of 13
ap
2 of 13
Awh
2 of 13
CG4328
2 of 13
CG31624
2 of 13
CG31988
2 of 13
Lim1
2 of 13
Lim3
2 of 13
Lmx1a
2 of 13
pk
2 of 13
tup
2 of 13
ct
1 of 13
Dll
1 of 13
ems
1 of 13
gsb-n
1 of 13
jub
1 of 13
LIMK1
1 of 13
Pph13
1 of 13
stck
1 of 13
Unc-115a
1 of 13
Unc-115b
1 of 13
Zasp52
1 of 13
zfh1
1 of 13
zfh2
1 of 13
Zyx
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    LMO1; LIM domain only 1
    7 of 14
    186921
       
      LMO3; LIM domain only 3
      6 of 14
      180386
           
          Functional Complementation Data
          Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
          Interactions
          Summary of Physical Interactions
          Summary of Genetic Interactions
          Interaction Browsers
          View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
          Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
          Starting gene(s)
          Interaction type
          Interacting gene(s)
          Reference
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          14-3-3ε
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          AnxB9
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          suppressible
          ap::Bx
          (Weihe et al., 2001)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          ap
          (Bronstein et al., 2010, Bejarano et al., 2008, Milan et al., 2004, Milan et al., 1998, Shoresh et al., 1998)
          Bx
          suppressible
          ap
          (Bejarano et al., 2008, Milan et al., 2004, Milan and Cohen, 2000, Milan and Cohen, 1999, Milan et al., 1998)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Ar5
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          bi
          (Bridges and Brehme, 1944)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          brm
          (Milan et al., 2004)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          caps
          (Bejarano et al., 2008, Milan et al., 2001)
          Bx
          suppressible
          caps
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          cbt
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          suppressible
          cbt
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          CG1943
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          CG2604
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          CG4080
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          CG7115
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          suppressible
          CG7115
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          CG7755
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          CG8369
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          CG8405
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          suppressible
          CG9932
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          suppressible
          CG11334
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          CG11893
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          CG14204
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          suppressible
          Chi
          (Hari et al., 2008, Pueyo and Couso, 2004, Milan and Cohen, 1999)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Chi
          (Milan et al., 1998, Shoresh et al., 1998)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          chm
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          cic
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          cic
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          CtsF
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Cyp6d4
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          suppressible
          Dlw
          (Milan et al., 2001)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          drpr
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          suppressible
          drpr
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          eEF5
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          EP2-430
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          EP2-760
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          EP2-1080
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          EP3-378
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          EP3-612
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          EP3-934
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          EP3-980
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          EP3-1199
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          EP3-1729
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          EP3-1789
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          EP3-1809
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          fbl
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          suppressible
          fng
          (Bejarano et al., 2008, Milan et al., 2004, Milan and Cohen, 2003, Milan and Cohen, 2000, Milan et al., 1998)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          fng
          (Bronstein et al., 2010, Bejarano et al., 2008, Milan et al., 2004, Milan and Cohen, 2000, Milan et al., 1998)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          fng
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Fpps
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Gαs
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          suppressible
          H
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Hydr2
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Kat60
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Kr
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          l(3)04708
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          l(3)mbn
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          suppressible
          lilli
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          lilli
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          lilli
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Mf
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          mir-9a
          (Biryukova et al., 2009)
          Bx
          suppressible
          mir-9a
          (Biryukova et al., 2009)
          Bx
          suppressible
          mir-14
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          mir-14
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          mir-279
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          mir-282
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          suppressible
          mod(mdg4)
          (Georgiev and Gerasimova, 1989)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Mpcp2
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          Mpcp2
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          suppressible
          N
          (Bejarano et al., 2008, Milan and Cohen, 2003)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          nmd
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          suppressible
          nmd
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          nub
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          nuf
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          nuf
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          osa
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          suppressible
          osa
          (Bejarano et al., 2008, Milan et al., 2004)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          osa
          (Bejarano et al., 2008, Milan et al., 2004)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Pcif1
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          Pcif1
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          suppressible
          Pex13
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          pnr
          (Chatterjee et al., 2019, Zenvirt et al., 2008)
          Bx
          suppressible
          pnr
          (Chatterjee et al., 2019)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          pnt
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          suppressible
          pnt
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          ppl
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          RpS21
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          suppressible
          Sams
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          sbb
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          sbb
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          suppressible
          sbb
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          suppressible
          Ser
          (Milan et al., 2004)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Ser
          (Milan et al., 2004, Milan and Cohen, 2000)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          SERCA
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          shn
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          suppressible
          shn
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          shn
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          suppressible
          skd
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          skd
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          Slh
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Spn88Eb
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Ssdp
          (Chen et al., 2002)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          St3
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Stt3A
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          suppressible
          su(Hw)
          (Georgiev and Gerasimova, 1989)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          Su(Tpl)
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Su(Tpl)
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Tango14
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          suppressible
          tara
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          ap|Bx
          suppressible
          tara
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          tara
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Tina-1
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Tnks
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Bx
          suppressible
          trn
          (Bejarano et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          trn
          (Bejarano et al., 2008, Milan et al., 2001)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          trn|caps
          (Milan et al., 2001)
          Bx
          suppressible
          tup
          (Hari et al., 2008)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          vg
          (Delanoue et al., 2002)
          Bx
          enhanceable
          Xbp1
          (Bronstein et al., 2010)
          Starting gene(s)
          Interaction type
          Interacting gene(s)
          Reference
          ac
          suppressible
          Bx
          (Zenvirt et al., 2008)
          Chi
          suppressible
          Bx
          (Asmar et al., 2008)
          Chi
          enhanceable
          Bx
          (Asmar et al., 2008)
          Delta
          enhanceable
          Bx
          (Milan and Cohen, 2000)
          fng
          suppressible
          Bx
          (Milan and Cohen, 2003)
          mir-9a
          suppressible
          Bx
          (Bejarano et al., 2010, Biryukova et al., 2009)
          pnr
          enhanceable
          Bx
          (Asmar et al., 2008, Pena-Rangel et al., 2002)
          pnr
          suppressible
          Bx
          (Asmar et al., 2008)
          External Data
          Linkouts
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Pathways
          Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
          Metabolic Pathways
          FlyBase
          External Links
          External Data
          Linkouts
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          Class of Gene
          Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
          Chromosome (arm)
          X
          Recombination map
          1-60
          Cytogenetic map
          17C1-17C4
          Sequence location
          FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
          Cytogenetic map
          Evidence for location
          17C1-17C4
          Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG32549EP1317 and P{EP}EP443EP443&P{EP}BxEP1383; Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP443EP443&P{EP}BxEP1383 and P{EP}Pk17EEP438
          Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
          Cytogenetic map
          Notes
          References
          17C1-17C2
          Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG32549EP1317 and P{EP}EP443EP443&P{EP}BxEP1383; (determined by in situ hybridisation)
          (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000, Bodem, 1994.11.28, Bodem, 1994.11.28, Mattox and Davidson, 1984)
          17C-17C
          (determined by in situ hybridisation)
          (Shoresh et al., 1998, Zhu et al., 1995)
          17C2-17C3
          (determined by in situ hybridisation)
          (Mattox and Davidson, 1984)
          Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
          Location

          1-60

          (FlyBase, 2016)

          1-59.5

          (Comeron et al., 2012)

          1-

          (Bodem, 1994.11.28)

          1-59.6 +/- 0.7

          (Fahmy and Fahmy, 1958)

          1-59.4

          (Goldschmidt, 1944)
          Left of (cM)
          Right of (cM)
          Notes

          hdp-a maps to the left of Bx3: 0.0045

          Stocks and Reagents
          Stocks (59)
          Genomic Clones (29)
          cDNA Clones (65)
           

          Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

          cDNA clones, fully sequenced
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              Bx is required in motor neurons for normal fecundity and fertility.

              (Kairamkonda and Nongthomba, 2014)

              S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells.

              (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006)

              Over expression 'Beadex' mutations and loss of function 'heldup-a' mutations affect the 3' regulatory and coding components, respectively, of the Bx gene.

              (Shoresh et al., 1998)

              In analogy to their vertebrate counterparts, the gene products of Bx, ap and Chi form a DNA-binding complex, that regulates wing development.

              (Shoresh et al., 1998)

              A wing margin mutation that interacts additively with ct.

              (Jack and DeLotto, 1992)

              Isolated from a genomic library using a human rhombotin cDNA fragment as a probe, under low stringency conditions.

              (Boehm et al., 1990)

              Suppression used to select null alleles or deficiencies from treated wild type or Bx3 chromosomes; seven derivatives of Bx3 and those of Bx+ all have "hdp-a" effects as well.

              (Lifschytz and Green, 1979)

              Bx1 interpreted as mutation in cis-acting control element causing overproduction of hdp-a gene product. Tandem duplication of Bx+(e.g. Bxr) has recessive effect; tandem triplication and quadruplication have dominant Bx effects in combination with a normal X, but not in combination with "hdp-a" alleles or a Bx deficiency. Amorphic or extreme hypomorphic Bx mutations and deficiencies for Bx act as trans-suppressors of Bx1.

              (Lifschytz and Green, 1979)
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of

              Source for merge of: Bx Lmo

              (Milan et al., 1998, Zeng et al., 1998)

              Source for merge of: Bx hdp-a Lmo

              (Shoresh et al., 1998)

              Source for merge of: Source for merge of: Bx CG15048

              (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2013)
              Additional comments

              Annotations CG6500 and CG15048 merged as CG44425 in release 5.50 of the genome annotation. Merge supported by RNA-seq junction data.

              (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2013)

              The "mgg, maggot" complementation group does not correspond to Bx ("hdp" loss of function alleles of "Bx" complement the lethal "mgg" alleles), but rather to one of the two distal neighbouring genes, CG15042 or CG15047.

              (Asmar et al., 2008)

              FlyBase curator comment: "EP443" overexpression phenotype stated to be due to its effect on Bx but orientation of the P{EP} element suggests otherwise.

              (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002)

              FlyBase curator comment: FBrf0104769 suggests that the "mgg, maggot" complementation group may be allelic to Bx (based on non-complementation of mgg[3E] with mutations generated by excision of insertions in the Bx region). However, FBrf0205286 shows that mgg mutants are not allelic to Bx, but rather mgg corresponds to one of the two distal neighbouring genes, CG15042 or CG15047.

              (Milan et al., 1998)

              At least three different genetic entities appear to have been designated "hdp" on the basis of similarity of phenotype and map position to the now-lost "hdp" of Fahmy and Fahmy (FBrf0063418). Deak (FBrf0030355) so designated "wup-A" of Hotta and Benzer (FBrf0024284). Lifschytz and Green (FBrf0033647) selected reversions and suppressors of "Bx", both of which had a "held-up" phenotype and were so designated. Engels and Preston (FBrf0035947) selected P-element induced sex-linked mutants with held-up wings; 93% are associated with chromosome rearrangements with one breakpoint in 17C2-3; the other 7% are not associated with rearrangements and act as suppressors of Bx1; the latter group of mutants complement both the other 93% of mutants recovered by Engels and Preston and those described by Deak. Lindsley and Zimm (FBrf0066905) resurrected the name "wupA: wingsupA" for the mutants studied by Deak anddesignated the Bx suppressors "hdp-a" and the mutants associated with 17C2-3 breakpoints "hdp-b". In addition Fahmy (FBrf0063418) describes "rwg": reduced wings, a mutant with the same map position and a slightly different phenotype from other held-up-like mutants; Lindsley and Zimm (FBrf0066905) arbitrarily designated it an "hdp-a" allele. Relation between "hdp-a" and "hdp-b" unclear, they are in the same polytene bands but complement each other completely. They are separated by Bx (Mattox).

              (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of

              Source for identity of: Bx CG6500

              (Li, 1999.11)
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (33)
              Reported As
              Symbol Synonym
              Bd
              (Birchler et al., 2001)
              Bx
              (Collins et al., 2024, Dalton et al., 2022, Joseph et al., 2022, Park et al., 2021, Delbare et al., 2020, Chatterjee et al., 2019, Highfill et al., 2019, Croset et al., 2018, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Joseph et al., 2018, Kairamkonda and Nongthomba, 2018, Lee et al., 2018, Levis, 2018.8.30, Valsecchi et al., 2018, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Katti et al., 2017, Park et al., 2017, Guida et al., 2016, Hirano et al., 2016, Bieli et al., 2015, Duff et al., 2015, Firdaus et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Kairamkonda and Nongthomba, 2014, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Jungreis, 2011.11.18, Lasek et al., 2011, Bejarano et al., 2010, Swaminathan and Pile, 2010, Campbell et al., 2009, Menon and Meller, 2009, Asmar et al., 2008, Bejarano et al., 2008, Hari et al., 2008, Beltran et al., 2007, Grieder et al., 2007, Kankel et al., 2007, Morozova et al., 2007, Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006, Macdonald and Long, 2005, Delanoue et al., 2002)
              CG10548
              (Weber et al., 2012)
              CG15048
              (Keleman et al., 2009.8.5)
              CG44425
              (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2013, Ni et al., 2010.12.1)
              CG6500
              (Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Grieder et al., 2007, Norga et al., 2003)
              DLMO
              (Zenvirt et al., 2005, Dawid et al., 1998)
              Dlmo
              (Bronstein et al., 2010, Menon and Meller, 2009, Shoresh et al., 1998, Zhu et al., 1995)
              LMO
              (Philyaw et al., 2022, Zenvirt et al., 2008)
              Lmo
              (Cummins-Beebee et al., 2023, Anonymous, 2005, Tsai et al., 2004)
              Ptd
              Rho
              beadex/dLMO
              (Milan, 1998.7.31)
              bx
              (Han et al., 2016)
              dLMO
              (Perry et al., 2017, Bieli et al., 2015, Ren et al., 2014, Smibert et al., 2011, Bejarano et al., 2010, Biryukova et al., 2009, Asmar et al., 2008, Bejarano et al., 2008, Asmar et al., 2007, Milan et al., 2004, Yan et al., 2004, Delanoue et al., 2002, Milan et al., 2002, Milan et al., 2001, Milan et al., 2001, Weihe et al., 2001, Weihe et al., 2001, Jurata et al., 2000, Milan and Cohen, 2000, Ramain et al., 2000, van Meyel et al., 2000, Milan and Cohen, 1999, Zeng et al., 1998)
              dLMO(Beadex)
              (Chan et al., 2023)
              dLmo
              (Filošević et al., 2018, Grotewiel and Bettinger, 2015, Kaun et al., 2012, Morozova et al., 2012, Hari et al., 2008, Tountas and Fortini, 2007)
              dLmo (Bx)
              (Lathen et al., 2020)
              dlmo
              (Zenvirt et al., 2008, Pueyo and Couso, 2004, Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000)
              dttg
              (Milan, 1998.7.31, Milan, 1998.7.31, Bodem, 1994.11.28, Bodem, 1994.11.28)
              fliH
              (Homyk, 1977, Homyk and Sheppard, 1977)
              hdp
              (Biryukova et al., 2009, Asmar et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2004, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Homyk and Emerson, 1988, Fahmy and Fahmy, 1958)
              hdp-a
              hld
              (Deak et al., 1982)
              Name Synonyms
              Beadex
              (Giraud et al., 2021, She et al., 2021, Bieli et al., 2015, Fiedler et al., 2015, Ren et al., 2014, Morozova et al., 2012, Edwards et al., 2009, Menon and Meller, 2009, Gohl et al., 2008, Harbison and Sehgal, 2008, Asmar et al., 2007, Kankel et al., 2007, Morozova et al., 2007, Burnette et al., 2005, Dimitri et al., 2003)
              LIM-only
              (Bejarano et al., 2010, Zenvirt et al., 2008)
              Pointedoid
              Rhombotin
              beadex
              (Lattao et al., 2011, Swaminathan and Pile, 2010)
              flightless-H
              (Homyk, 1977, Homyk and Sheppard, 1977)
              held-up
              (Asmar et al., 2008)
              heldup a
              rhombotin
              (Boehm et al., 1990)
              Secondary FlyBase IDs
              • FBgn0001183
              • FBgn0000242
              • FBgn0004958
              • FBgn0015251
              • FBgn0030935
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 101 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
              References (230)