FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Glys

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Glys

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Glycogen synthase

Annotation Symbol

CG6904

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0266064

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

10 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

glycogen(starch) synthase (2.4.1.11)

Gene Summary

Glycogen synthase (Glys) encodes a glycosyltransferase that catalyzes linkage of glucose monomers into glycogen. Regulation of the product of Glys activity by glucose 6-phosphate and phosphorylation helps control cellular glycogen levels. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

88E2-88E2

Sequence location

3R:15,141,843..15,147,531 [-]

Recombination map

3-56

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:15141843..15147531

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (7 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables alpha-1,4-glucan glucosyltransferase (UDP-glucose donor) activity

inferred from direct assay

(Clark et al., 1990)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yamada et al., 2019)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables alpha-1,4-glucan glucosyltransferase (UDP-glucose donor) activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR008631

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001300778

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Biological Process (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in cellular response to starvation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zirin et al., 2013)

involved_in cellular response to sucrose stimulus

inferred from direct assay

(Garrido et al., 2015)

involved_in glycogen biosynthetic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yamada et al., 2019, Garrido et al., 2015, Zirin et al., 2013)

involved_in response to sucrose

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Garrido et al., 2015)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in glycogen biosynthetic process

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR008631

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001300778

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Yamada et al., 2019)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytoplasm

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001300778

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASES

Pathway (FlyBase)

GLYCOGEN BIOSYNTHESIS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 3 family. (Q9VFC8)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Glycogen synthase

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

alpha-1,4-glucan glucosyltransferase (UDP-glucose donor) activity

[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl](n) + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = [(1->4)-alpha-D- glucosyl](n+1) + UDP + H(+) (2.4.1.11)

RHEA 18549:

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASES -: This group comprises glucosyltransferases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.

Pathway (FlyBase)

GLYCOGEN BIOSYNTHESIS -: Glycogen is a highly branched polymer composed of chains of D-glucose linked linearly by α-1,4-glucosidic bonds and joined together by α-1,6-glucosidic bonds between branch points. It is stored in cytosolic granules and serves as an energy source when food supplies are low. Glycogen synthesis involves the auto-catalyzed synthesis of a glucose oligomer on glycogenin Gyg, followed by linear extension of the glucose oligomer by glycogen synthase Glys, and the formation of branches by glycogen branching enzyme Agbe. In D. melanogaster adults, it is primarily synthesized and stored in the fat body, flight muscles and in the oocyte. (Adapted from FBrf0238357 and PMID:22248338.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Transfers the glycosyl residue from UDPG to the non-reducing end of alpha-1,4-glucan. In larval skeletal muscle, isoform B is required for the formation of autophagosomes during starvation and during cloroquine-induced vacuolar myopathy.

(UniProt, Q9VFC8)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Glys for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9VFC8)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Glys-RA

FBtr0083037

NM_169610

2584

709

Glys-RB

FBtr0083036

NM_142165

3129

689

Glys-RC

FBtr0083035

NM_169611

2487

689

Glys-RD

FBtr0333276

NM_001275654

2473

689

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Glys-PA

FBpp0082496

81.8

709

6.64

FBpp0082495

79.2

689

6.57

FBpp0082494

79.2

689

6.57

FBpp0305474

79.2

689

6.57

A0A0B4KHJ5

NP_001262583

AGB95964

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

689 aa isoforms: Glys-PB, Glys-PC, Glys-PD

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Isoform B interacts with Atg8a upon starvation.

(UniProt, Q9VFC8)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Glycogen synthase

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Glys using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.94

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

anterior endoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

head mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

hindgut anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior endoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

anterior endoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

inclusive hindgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior endoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

anal pad primordium

Comment: reported as anal pad specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

anterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

foregut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

procrystal cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

somatic muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk visceral muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

dorsal pharyngeal muscle cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval fat body

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval midgut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval muscle system

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval somatic muscle cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval visceral muscle cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood

adult heart

(Cammarato et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Yamada et al., 2019)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Glys in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Glys

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Glys

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0266064

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

41823/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0266064

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0038293

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0266064

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG6904

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Glys

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Glys

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )

Inferred from location ( 8 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Glys^GD12070

lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

Glys^RNAi.UAS.cUa

partially lethal

Glys⁸

partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Glys^HMS01279

partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Glys^HMS01279

partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

Glys^HMS01279

partially lethal (with Df(3R)ED10561)

partially lethal - majority live

Glys⁸

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

Glys^HMS01279

viable, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Glys^HMS01279

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Glys^GD12070

viable, with Scer\GAL4^phtm.PO

Glys^RNAi.UAS.cUa

viable, with Scer\GAL4^repo

Glys^HMS01279

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Glys^GD12070

viable, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

Glys^UAS.Tag:FLAG

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal aging | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Glys^GD12070

abnormal developmental rate | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

Glys^GD12070

abnormal flight | adult stage

Glys⁸

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | :chemical conditional | nutrition conditional

Glys^HMS01279

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | male (with Df(3R)ED10561)

Glys⁸

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | male | progressive

Glys⁸

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Glys^GD12070

abnormal starvation stress response | adult stage

Glys⁸

abnormal starvation stress response | chemical conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Glys^HMS01279

decreased body size | second instar larval stage

Glys⁸

decreased body size | third instar larval stage

Glys⁸

decreased cell number | oogenesis, with Scer\GAL4^nanos.PU

long lived | male, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

majority die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Glys^HMS01279

majority die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Glys^HMS01279

majority die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

Glys^HMS01279

short lived

Glys⁸

some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

Glys^RNAi.UAS.cUa

some die during first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

Glys^RNAi.UAS.cUa

some die during larval stage

Glys⁸

some die during larval stage (with Df(3R)ED10561)

some die during second instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

Glys^RNAi.UAS.cUa

some die during third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

Glys^RNAi.UAS.cUa

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

autophagosome | :chemical conditional | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

cystoblast | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4^nanos.PU

female germline stem cell | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4^nanos.PU

Glys^HMJ21058

glycogen granule | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Glys^GD12070

neuron | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Glys^GD12070

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (7)

Hsap\GYS1

14 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GYS2

13 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (6)

Rnor\Gys1

14 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Gys2

12 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (6)

Mmus\Gys1

14 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Gys2

12 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)

Xtro\gys1

8 of 13

Yes

Xtro\unc79

1 of 13

Xtro\yme1l1

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (6)

Drer\gys1

13 of 14

Yes

Drer\gys2

13 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)

Cele\gsy-1

14 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP002586

12 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (23)

Atha\AT1G16570

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G19710

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G52420

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G73160

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G75420

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G78800

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G10630

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G15940

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT4G19460

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G59070

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\ATSPS4F

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\LEW3

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SETH2

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SPS1F

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SPS2F

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SPS3F

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SQD2

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SUS1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SUS2

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SUS3

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SUS4

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SUS5

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SUS6

1 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (6)

Scer\GSY1

13 of 13

Yes

Scer\GSY2

13 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (4)

Spom\alg1

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\alg2

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\alg11

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\gpi3

1 of 12

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (6)

Ecol\waaB

1 of 11

Yes

Ecol\waaG

1 of 11

Yes

Ecol\wbbI

1 of 11

Yes

Ecol\wbbK

1 of 11

Yes

Ecol\wcaC

1 of 11

Yes

Ecol\wcaL

1 of 11

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Glys. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

glycogen accumulation disorders, GYS1 model

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Glys^GD12070

model of Lafora disease

CEA

(Sinadinos et al., 2014)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

GYS1; glycogen synthase 1

14 of 14

138570

GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE 0, MUSCLE; GSD0B

GYS2; glycogen synthase 2

13 of 14

138571

GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE 0, LIVER; GSD0A

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:

Off

Show/hide secondary interactors
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

Select Layout:

Force Directed

Circle

Concentric

Legend:

Protein

RNA

Selected Interactor(s)

Other Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Glys - Atg8a

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Zirin et al., 2013)

Glys - p38b

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot

(Belozerov et al., 2012)

Glys - sima

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Other Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Isoform B interacts with Atg8a upon starvation.

(UniProt, Q9VFC8 )

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0266064

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

41823

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

GLYCOGEN BIOSYNTHESIS

External Links

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

glycogen biosynthesis II (from UDP-D-Glucose)

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

Glycogen synthesis

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Glycogen synthesis

Class of Gene

gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-56

Cytogenetic map

88E2-88E2

Sequence location

3R:15,141,843..15,147,531 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

88E2-88E2

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG33967^EP666 and P{lacW}Hsc70-4^L3929

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-56

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-55.6

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (10)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

50956

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ21058}attP40

76382

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TKO.GS00551}attP40

83883

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TOE.GS05323}attP40

13375

y¹ w^67c23; ry⁵⁰⁶ P{SUPor-P}Glys^KG00038

34930

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01279}attP2

34440

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}Glys^MI01490/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹

NIG-Fly

6904R-2

P{NIG.6904R}2

HMS01279

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01279}attP2

VDRC

v35137

w¹¹¹⁸ P{GD12070}v35137

v35136

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD12070}v35136

Genomic Clones (14)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (923)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0266064

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

ChEST reveals this is a target of Mef2. ChEST reveals this is a target of Mef2.

(Junion et al., 2005)

Area matching Drosophila EST AA536262. This EST forms a 1209bp contig with ESTs AA948897, AA539274 and AA392320. Sequence similarity to glycogen synthases.

(Davies, 2001.3.15)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: CG6904 anon-WO0118547.108

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: GlyS CG6904

(FlyBase, 1992-)

Additional comments

Source for merge of CG6904 anon-WO0118547.108 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

FlyBase curator comment: 'GlyS' and 'CG6904' reports merged because: i) several papers explicitly/implicitly link these two 'genes' (FBrf0219312, FBrf0150697, FBrf0212569, FBrf0173212); ii) 'GlyS' and 'CG6904' are the only 2 genes in Dmel annotated with the GO term 'glycogen (starch) synthase activity' (CG6904 is the only sequenced Dmel gene to have this term based on sequence similarity); iii) Consistent with this, the only Dmel protein that has an InterPro Glycogen synthase (IPR008631) motif is CG6904; iv) The sole ortholog of human 'glycogen synthase 1' & 'glycogen synthase 2' is CG6904 (according to the OrthoDB and Ensembl). Authors Andrew Clark and Kristi Montooth agree with the merge.

(FlyBase, 1992-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Glys GlyS

(FlyBase, 2017-)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG6940

(Tolmasky et al., 2001)

(Onkar et al., 2023, Sheshadri et al., 2021, Belozerov et al., 2012, Montooth et al., 2003, Harshman et al., 1999, Clark and Wang, 1997, Clark, 1994, Clark, 1990, Clark et al., 1990)

GlyS

(De Groef et al., 2024, McPherson et al., 2024, Gáliková and Klepsatel, 2023, Livelo et al., 2023, Koyama et al., 2021, Manola et al., 2021, Xie et al., 2021, Zhang et al., 2021, Aboukilila et al., 2020, Benoit et al., 2020, Parkhitko et al., 2020, Huynh et al., 2019, Yamada et al., 2019, Mattila and Hietakangas, 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Garrido et al., 2015, Clark et al., 2013, Zirin et al., 2013)

Glys

(De Groef et al., 2021, Zirin et al., 2015)

Gys

(Tsakiri et al., 2019)

anon-WO0118547.108

dGS

(Sinadinos et al., 2014)

Name Synonyms

Glycogen Synthase

(Sopko et al., 2015)

Glycogen synthase

(Tolmasky et al., 2001, Clark and Wang, 1997)

glycogen synthase

(Mattila and Hietakangas, 2017, Garrido et al., 2015, Clark et al., 2013, Zirin et al., 2013, Belozerov et al., 2012, Ruaud et al., 2011)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0022803
FBgn0038293
FBgn0062238

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 48 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

41823

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9VFC8

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9VFC8

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

A0A0B4KHJ5

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9VFC8

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0266064

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

41823/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0266064

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0266064

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Glycogen synthase

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG6904

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

41823

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0266064

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0266064

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0038293

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0266064

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

glycogen biosynthesis II (from UDP-D-Glucose)

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG6904

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC015651

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

41823

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Glycogen synthesis

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

Glycogen synthesis

References (93)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

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