FB2020_01, released Feb 12, 2020

Gene: Dmel\Drs

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Drs
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Drosomycin
Annotation Symbol
CG10810
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0283461
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
9 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
Drosomycin (Drs) encodes an antifungal peptide that is expressed in the fat body during the systemic immune response, under the control of the Toll and (to a lesser extent) the immune deficiency (Imd) pathways. Drs is also constitutively expressed in certain tissue such as the spermatheca of females and in various epithelia, notably the trachea, where its expression is governed by the Imd pathway. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Other Summaries
Also Known As

Drom, Dros, Drm, DIM 21, Drosomcycin

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
63D2-63D2
Sequence location
3L:3,369,556..3,369,942 [+]
Recombination map

3-8

RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:3369556..3369942
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Molecular Function (GO)
[Detailed GO annotations]
Experimental Evidence
-
Predictions / Assertions
-
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
DROSOMYCINS -
Drosomycin gene family encode secreted anti-fungal peptides unique to Drosophila. These paralogs are clustered on the 3L chromosome arm. (Adapted from FBrf0205847 and FBrf0205847).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Possesses antifungal activity and is active against a relatively broad spectrum of filamentous fungi (PubMed:8808632, PubMed:12872120). It inhibits spore germination at high concentrations and at low concentrations delays growth of hyphae which subsequently exhibit abnormal morphology (PubMed:7806546). Spz C-106 in the hemolymph controls expression of the antifungal peptide by acting as a ligand of Tl and inducing an intracellular signaling pathway (PubMed:8808632). Part of a psh-dependent Toll pathway, which may function in activating the systematic immune response in response to localized melanization of the tracheal system (PubMed:18854145).
(UniProt, P41964)
Summary (Interactive Fly)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Drs or the JBrowse view of Dmel\Drs for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Drs-RA
FBtr0073073
NM_079177
387
70
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Drs-PA
FBpp0072935
7.8
70
6.98
NP_523901
AAF47767
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Drs using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Gene Ontology (9 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
There is no information supporting a Molecular Function term for this gene. (Based on a review of available data on: 2012-07-26 )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
antifungal humoral response
inferred from expression pattern
(Lemaitre et al., 1997)
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Simon et al., 2008)
antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Simon et al., 2008)
defense response
inferred from direct assay
(Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
defense response to fungus
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang and Zhu, 2010, Tian et al., 2008, Yang et al., 2006, Levashina et al., 1995, Fehlbaum et al., 1994)
defense response to protozoan
inferred from direct assay
(Tian et al., 2008)
response to bacterium
inferred from direct assay
(Wagner et al., 2009)
inferred from high throughput expression pattern
(Levy et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
antibacterial humoral response
traceable author statement
(Brennan and Anderson, 2004)
antifungal humoral response
traceable author statement
(Brennan and Anderson, 2004)
defense response to fungus
non-traceable author statement
(Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001)
traceable author statement
(Silverman, 2003, Chapman, 2001)
defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
traceable author statement
(Brennan and Anderson, 2004)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998, Fehlbaum et al., 1994)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
expression microarray
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | female
seminal receptacle
(Prokupek et al., 2009)
spermathecum
(Prokupek et al., 2009)
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage -- adult stage
organism
(Tian et al., 2008)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data

Drs protein is induced in hemolymph after bacterial challenge. Time course studies with mass spectrometric analysis show that it is detectable within 6 hours of the challenge, increases substantially between 6hrs and 2 weeks, and is still detected 3 weeks after challenge. The disaccharide form of Drs protein disappears after 2 weeks.

(Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998, Fehlbaum et al., 1994)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Drs in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Drs
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Drs
Deletions and Duplications ( 2 )
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
No records found.
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
No records found.
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
No records found.
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
No records found.
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
No records found.
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
No records found.
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190KLX )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly
Dmel\Drs
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\Drs
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM14569
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG15135
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE21361
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF26499
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0OJ2 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR001261
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW016747
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)
No records found.
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    DrsUAS.cUa
    model of  neurodegenerative disease
    CEA
    (Cao et al., 2013)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Interactions Browser
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3L
    Recombination map

    3-8

    Cytogenetic map
    63D2-63D2
    Sequence location
    3L:3,369,556..3,369,942 [+]
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    63D2-63D2
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}kst01318 and P{PZ}Sc205634
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-8

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-6.7

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (9)
    Genomic Clones (11)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (38)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequences
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    polyclonal

    (Li et al., 2017, Ji et al., 2014)
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Other Information
    Relationship to Other Genes
    Source for database identify of
    Source for database merge of

    Source for merge of: Drs BcDNA:LP03851

    (FlyBase, 1996-)

    Source for merge of: Drs IM21

    (Levy et al., 2004)
    Additional comments

    Source for merge of Drs BcDNA:LP03851 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

    (FlyBase, 1996-)
    Other Comments

    Purified recombinant Drs shows antifungal activity to all seven tested fungal strains.

    (Yang et al., 2006)

    Identified as a gene with significant level of mRNA cycling as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated from adult heads harvested over six time points over the course of a day. Shows alteration in expression in a Clk mutant background.

    (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001)

    Drs expression observed in cact mutants is mediated through Dif.

    (Rutschmann et al., 2000)

    A linear activation cascade spz-Tl-cact-dl/Dif leads to the induction of the Drs gene in larval fat body cells.

    (Manfruelli et al., 1999)

    Dif and dl are functionally redundant in their ability to control Drs gene expression in larvae.

    (Manfruelli et al., 1999)

    Identification: Encodes a protein that is induced by immune challenge.

    (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)

    Ecol\lacZDpt.PR adults are pricked with a sterile needle dipped in culture pellets of various living microorganisms (distinct bacterial strains, fungal spores or hyphae). Pricking results in a low but clearly detectable expression of all antimicrobial genes and these genes are induced above the background level by specific classes of microorganism. Wild type adults covered with spores of B.bassiana induce a strong and persistent expression of Drs.

    (Lemaitre et al., 1997)

    Genes encoding antibacterial peptides are regulated in a manner distinct from that of Drs, encoding the antifungal peptide. The embryonic regulatory pathway, comprising the gene products between spz and cact (Tl, tub and pll) but not the genes acting upstream or downstream (ea and dl), is involved in the induction of the Drs gene in adults.

    (Lemaitre et al., 1996)

    3D structural analysis of Drs, isolated from immune-challenged flies, shows a 44 residue antifungal peptide with four intramolecular disulfide bridges.

    (Michaut et al., 1996)

    n contrast to the antibacterial peptides the antifungal peptide Drs remains inducible in a homozygous imd mutant background. These results point to the existance of two different pathways leading to the expression of two types of target genes, encoding either the antibacterial peptides or the antifungal peptide Drs.

    (Lemaitre et al., 1995)

    44 residue peptide is isolated from immuno-challenged insects, Drs. Peptide is synthesised in the fat body and is secreted into the blood. The peptide has potent anti-fungal properties but is inactive against bacteria.

    (Fehlbaum et al., 1994)
    Origin and Etymology
    Discoverer
    Etymology
    Identification
    External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 67 )
    Sequence Crossreferences
    NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
    GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
    GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
    RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
    UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
    Other crossreferences
    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
    GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
    InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
    KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
    PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
    Linkouts
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
    InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
    KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
    Synonyms and Secondary IDs (36)
    Reported As
    Symbol Synonym
    BcDNA:LP03851
    CG10810
    (Yadav and Eleftherianos, 2019, Palu and Thummel, 2016, Chen et al., 2012, Petersen et al., 2012, Zheng et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Zhang et al., 2010, Ellis and Carney, 2009, Perkins et al., 2009, Winterhalter and Fedorka, 2009, Allen and Spradling, 2008, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008, Valanne et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2006, Lundgren et al., 2005, Riedl et al., 2005, Levy et al., 2004, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Irving et al., 2001)
    Crp
    DIM 19
    (Levy et al., 2004, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
    DIM 21
    (Levy et al., 2004, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
    DRO
    (Yount and Yeaman, 2004)
    DROM
    (Tzou et al., 2000)
    DROS
    (McGettigan et al., 2005)
    DRS
    (Cohen et al., 2009, Kwiatkowski, 2005)
    Drm
    (Zoller and Schulz, 2012, Mulinari et al., 2006)
    Drom
    (Zhu et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2012, Aymeric et al., 2010, Jin et al., 2008, Maillet et al., 2008, Zambon et al., 2005, Naitza et al., 2002, Boulanger et al., 2001, Ligoxygakis et al., 2001, Lindmark et al., 2001, Braun et al., 1998, Nicolas et al., 1998, Lemaitre et al., 1997, Lemaitre et al., 1996)
    Dros
    (Jones et al., 2012, Nakamoto et al., 2012, Chen et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2006, Obbard et al., 2006)
    Droso
    (Cheng et al., 2011)
    Drosomycin
    (Sorvina et al., 2016)
    Drs
    (Araki et al., 2019, Asri et al., 2019, Chambers et al., 2019, Chowdhury et al., 2019, Hanson et al., 2019, Kanoh et al., 2019, Maitra et al., 2019, Molaei et al., 2019, Panettieri et al., 2019, Sanuki et al., 2019, Troha and Buchon, 2019, Troha et al., 2019, Wen et al., 2019, Yang et al., 2019, Abhyankar et al., 2018, Badinloo et al., 2018, Barajas-Azpeleta et al., 2018, Green et al., 2018, Hemphill et al., 2018, Katsukawa et al., 2018, Lindsay et al., 2018, Lopez et al., 2018, Min and Tatar, 2018, Mlih et al., 2018, Schretter et al., 2018, Troha et al., 2018, Yu et al., 2018, Atilano et al., 2017, Christesen et al., 2017, Dostálová et al., 2017, Kenmoku et al., 2017, Li et al., 2017, Odnokoz et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2017, Costechareyre et al., 2016, Guillou et al., 2016, Helenius et al., 2016, Katzenberger et al., 2016, Kubrak et al., 2016, Kwon et al., 2016, Liu et al., 2016, Shen et al., 2016, Yamamoto-Hino and Goto, 2016, Clemmons et al., 2015, Dissel et al., 2015, Dudzic et al., 2015, Kanoh et al., 2015, Kavi et al., 2015, Li and Dijkers, 2015, Merkling et al., 2015, Momiuchi et al., 2015, Sudmeier et al., 2015, Woodcock et al., 2015, Xia et al., 2015, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015, Zang et al., 2015, Bonnay et al., 2014, Donlea et al., 2014, Engel et al., 2014, Ferreira et al., 2014, Haller et al., 2014, Hauling et al., 2014, Ji et al., 2014, Lai et al., 2014, Liang et al., 2014, Obata et al., 2014, Ruiz et al., 2014, Salazar-Jaramillo et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Varma et al., 2014, Yeh et al., 2014, Zhou et al., 2014, Cao et al., 2013, Clark et al., 2013, Dantoft et al., 2013, Esslinger et al., 2013, Favrin et al., 2013, Gendrin et al., 2013, Kemp et al., 2013, Short and Lazzaro, 2013, Telonis-Scott et al., 2013, An et al., 2012, Broderick et al., 2012, Choi and Hyun, 2012, Marek and Kagan, 2012, Marygold et al., 2012.7.10, Petersen et al., 2012, Rera et al., 2012, Rynes et al., 2012, Sampson et al., 2012, Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, Vodala et al., 2012, Wu et al., 2012, Akhouayri et al., 2011, Atilano et al., 2011, Clark et al., 2011, Fullaondo et al., 2011, Galac and Lazzaro, 2011, Glittenberg et al., 2011, Glittenberg et al., 2011, Ladoukakis et al., 2011, Marcu et al., 2011, Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2011, Smith et al., 2011, Zaidman-Rémy et al., 2011, Zheng et al., 2011, Becker et al., 2010, Blanco et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Mrinal and Nagaraju, 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Sabin et al., 2010, Sackton et al., 2010, Yagi et al., 2010, Ahmad et al., 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Deng et al., 2009, Diangelo et al., 2009, Ellis and Carney, 2009, Gendrin et al., 2009, Hashimoto et al., 2009, Prokupek et al., 2009, Sackton and Clark, 2009, Soukup et al., 2009, Thevenon et al., 2009, Zhang and Palli, 2009, Bergeret et al., 2008, Chamilos et al., 2008, Deddouche et al., 2008, El Chamy et al., 2008, Flatt et al., 2008, Goto et al., 2008, Kleino et al., 2008, Kwon et al., 2008, Libert et al., 2008, McGraw et al., 2008, Reed et al., 2008, Ryu et al., 2008, Scherfer et al., 2008, Stramer et al., 2008, Tang et al., 2008, Busse et al., 2007, Curtis et al., 2007, Harari-Steinberg et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2007, Laayouni et al., 2007, Lesch et al., 2007, Tsichritzis et al., 2007, Valanne et al., 2007, Betz and Darnell, 2006, Brun et al., 2006, Chien et al., 2006, Dierick and Greenspan, 2006, Kaneko et al., 2006, Leulier et al., 2006, Scherfer et al., 2006, Tang et al., 2006, Yang et al., 2006, Kocks et al., 2005, Park et al., 2005, Riedl et al., 2005, Shin et al., 2005, Thoetkiattikul et al., 2005, Bischoff et al., 2004, Han et al., 2004, Ryu et al., 2004, Goto et al., 2003, Leulier et al., 2003, Leulier et al., 2003, Yajima et al., 2003, Bhaskar et al., 2002, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002)
    IM21
    dmy1
    (Marshall and Sinclair, 2010, Winterhalter and Fedorka, 2009)
    drm
    (Mulinari et al., 2006)
    drom
    (Chiu et al., 2005, Munier et al., 2004, Georgel et al., 2001, Leulier et al., 2000, Manfruelli et al., 1999)
    dros
    (Lim et al., 2015)
    drs
    (Galenza and Foley, 2019, Parvy et al., 2019, Issa et al., 2018, Patrnogic and Leclerc, 2017, Mistry et al., 2016, Nelson et al., 2013, Shi et al., 2012, Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010, Becker et al., 2010, Brown et al., 2009, Guntermann et al., 2009, Shia et al., 2009, Wagner et al., 2009, Zsindely et al., 2009, Lee and Edery, 2008, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2008, Yang et al., 2006, Filipe et al., 2005, Ligoxygakis et al., 2003, Ligoxygakis et al., 2002, McDonald and Rosbash, 2001, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20)
    drsm
    (Wu et al., 2001)
    Name Synonyms
    Cysteine-rich-protein
    Diptericin
    (Wang et al., 2019, Xiong et al., 2016)
    Drosomcycin
    (Carpenter et al., 2009, Soukup and Gubb, 2007)
    Drosomycin
    (Merkling et al., 2019, Singh and Tapadia, 2019, Yadav and Eleftherianos, 2019, Bost et al., 2018, Sherri et al., 2018, Su et al., 2018, Duneau et al., 2017, Li et al., 2017, Li et al., 2017, Morales and Li, 2017, Mussabekova et al., 2017, Tavignot et al., 2017, Yadav et al., 2017, Allen et al., 2016, Helenius et al., 2016, Hosamani et al., 2016, Ji et al., 2016, Katzenberger et al., 2016, Kaynar et al., 2016, Kučerová et al., 2016, Arefin et al., 2015, Bandarra et al., 2015, Clemmons et al., 2015, Kanoh et al., 2015, Lucas et al., 2015, Merkling et al., 2015, Moskalev et al., 2015, Paparazzo et al., 2015, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015, Zhan et al., 2015, Arefin et al., 2014, Binggeli et al., 2014, Bonnay et al., 2014, Ferreira et al., 2014, Haller et al., 2014, Ji et al., 2014, Lai et al., 2014, Lee and Hyun, 2014, Obata et al., 2014, Tan et al., 2014, Varma et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2014, Cao et al., 2013, Clark et al., 2013, Dantoft et al., 2013, Di Prisco et al., 2013, Ferrandon, 2013, Gendrin et al., 2013, Gueguen et al., 2013, Oh et al., 2013, Quintin et al., 2013, Samaraweera et al., 2013, Thimgan et al., 2013, Vandersmissen et al., 2013, Vonkavaara et al., 2013, An et al., 2012, Bier and Guichard, 2012, Choi and Hyun, 2012, Eleftherianos and Castillo, 2012, Érdi et al., 2012, Keebaugh and Schlenke, 2012, Liu et al., 2012, Longworth et al., 2012, Marek and Kagan, 2012, Marygold et al., 2012.7.10, Nakamoto et al., 2012, Overend et al., 2012, Paré et al., 2012, Petersen et al., 2012, Wu et al., 2012, Akhouayri et al., 2011, Cheng et al., 2011, Chtarbanova and Imler, 2011, Clark et al., 2011, Fellous and Lazzaro, 2011, Lee et al., 2011, Limmer et al., 2011, Marcu et al., 2011, Mulcahy et al., 2011, Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2011, Schmidt et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Zaidman-Rémy et al., 2011, Aymeric et al., 2010, Becker et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2010, Goto et al., 2010, Haghayeghi et al., 2010, Huang et al., 2010, Kallio et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Kuttenkeuler et al., 2010, Mabery and Schneider, 2010, Paddibhatla et al., 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Tanji et al., 2010, Valanne et al., 2010, Yagi et al., 2010, Zhang and Zhu, 2010, Zhao et al., 2010, Avadhanula et al., 2009, Ayres and Schneider, 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Charroux and Royet, 2009, Costa et al., 2009, Deng et al., 2009, Diangelo et al., 2009, Gendrin et al., 2009, Soukup et al., 2009, Bergeret et al., 2008, Deddouche et al., 2008, El Chamy et al., 2008, Flatt et al., 2008, Gao and Zhu, 2008, Goto et al., 2008, Jin et al., 2008, Kleino et al., 2008, McGraw et al., 2008, Reed et al., 2008, Ryu et al., 2008, Scherfer et al., 2008, Schmidt et al., 2008, Sekiya et al., 2008, Sibley et al., 2008, Soukup and Gubb, 2008, Tang et al., 2008, Tang et al., 2008, Huh et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2007, Lesch et al., 2007, Pal et al., 2007, Peretz et al., 2007, Schlenke et al., 2007, Tanji et al., 2007, Taylor and Kimbrell, 2007, Tsichritzis et al., 2007, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Wu and Silverman, 2007, Wu et al., 2007, Bischoff et al., 2006, Chien et al., 2006, Jang et al., 2006, Kambris et al., 2006, Kambris et al., 2006, Leclerc et al., 2006, Leulier et al., 2006, Libert et al., 2006, Matova and Anderson, 2006, Mulinari et al., 2006, Scherfer et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Yang et al., 2006, Beckstead et al., 2005, Gesellchen et al., 2005, Johansson et al., 2005, Lundgren et al., 2005, Sano et al., 2005, Zhou et al., 2005, Bischoff et al., 2004, Han et al., 2004, Roxstrom-Lindquist et al., 2004, Leulier et al., 2003, Yajima et al., 2003, Avila et al., 2002, Chen et al., 2002, Ligoxygakis et al., 2002, Naitza et al., 2002, Rutschmann et al., 2000)
    Drosomycin precursor
    (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008)
    Drosomycin-B
    (Tsai et al., 2008)
    Drosomycine
    (Kemp et al., 2013)
    Drosomyocin
    (Prokupek et al., 2009)
    Drosomysin
    (Hauling et al., 2014, Furihata et al., 2013)
    Drosophila Immune induced molecule 19
    (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
    Immune induced molecule 21
    (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
    cysteine-rich peptide
    (Hetru, 1993.11.3)
    drosomyci
    (Marshall and Sinclair, 2010)
    drosomycin
    (Chowdhury et al., 2019, Badinloo et al., 2018, Martins et al., 2018, Koltun et al., 2017, Fink et al., 2016, Mistry et al., 2016, Bandarra et al., 2015, Ren et al., 2014, Verma and Tapadia, 2014, Fontenele et al., 2013, Gonzalez et al., 2013, Kemp et al., 2013, Kingsolver et al., 2013, Nelson et al., 2013, Bier and Guichard, 2012, Chintapalli et al., 2012, Jones et al., 2012, Rera et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2012, Griffin et al., 2011, Moule et al., 2010, Mrinal and Nagaraju, 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Zhang and Zhu, 2010, Zhu et al., 2010, Ahmad et al., 2009, Brown et al., 2009, Cohen et al., 2009, Guntermann et al., 2009, Hashimoto et al., 2009, Luce-Fedrow et al., 2009, Okado et al., 2009, Saleh et al., 2009, Shia et al., 2009, Wagner et al., 2009, Zhang and Palli, 2009, Carrera et al., 2008, Jones et al., 2008, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Lee and Edery, 2008, Maillet et al., 2008, Malagoli et al., 2008, Ratnaparkhi and Courey, 2008, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2008, Stramer et al., 2008, Tian et al., 2008, Avet-Rochex et al., 2007, Busse et al., 2007, Copley et al., 2007, Ferrarese et al., 2007, Goldman and Arbeitman, 2007, Hallem et al., 2007, Harari-Steinberg et al., 2007, Laayouni et al., 2007, Park et al., 2007, Ren et al., 2007, Sackton et al., 2007, Schneider et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2006, Kaneko et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Xylourgidis et al., 2006, Delaney et al., 2005, Alarco et al., 2004, Ip et al., 2004, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004, Ryu et al., 2004, Agaisse et al., 2003, Cha et al., 2003, Janssens and Beyaert, 2003, Kambris et al., 2003, Kurz and Ewbank, 2003, Leulier et al., 2003, Park et al., 2003, Weber et al., 2003, Bhaskar et al., 2002, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002, Janssens and Beyaert, 2002, Mukae et al., 2002, Ooi et al., 2002, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002, Luo et al., 2001, Reichhart et al., 1998, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998, Ferrandon et al., 1997, Fehlbaum et al., 1994)
    drosomyocin
    (Ratnaparkhi et al., 2008)
    Secondary FlyBase IDs
    • FBgn0010381
    • FBgn0063123
    • FBgn0067901
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    References (585)