FB2025_02 , released April 17, 2025
Gene: Dmel\ds
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\ds
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
dachsous
Annotation Symbol
CG17941
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0284247
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
113 publicly available
Gene Summary
Required for normal morphogenesis of adult structures derived from imaginal disks (PubMed:26073018, PubMed:7601355). Plays a role in planar cell polarity and in determining body left-right asymmetry. Expression in segment H1 of the imaginal ring and interaction with Myo31DF are required to induce changes of cell shape and orientation in segment H2, which then gives rise to normal, dextral looping of the adult hindgut (PubMed:26073018). (UniProt, Q24292)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

Daschous, l(2)01855

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
21E2-21E2
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-1.5
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:640013..714983
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (29 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables cadherin binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:ft; FB:FBgn0001075
(Matakatsu and Blair, 2004)
enables calcium ion binding
inferred from direct assay
(Matakatsu and Blair, 2004)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P33450
(Simon et al., 2010)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Dlish; FB:FBgn0034264
(Misra and Irvine, 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables calcium ion binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002126, InterPro:IPR015919
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (23 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (20 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules
inferred from direct assay
(Matakatsu and Blair, 2004)
involved_in cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
inferred from direct assay
(Matakatsu and Blair, 2004)
involved_in cell-cell adhesion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Matakatsu and Blair, 2006)
involved_in equator specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Rawls et al., 2002)
involved_in establishment of cell polarity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Baena-Lopez et al., 2005)
involved_in establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hogan et al., 2011, Harumoto et al., 2010, Matakatsu and Blair, 2006)
involved_in establishment of ommatidial planar polarity
inferred from mutant phenotype with UniProtKB:P54360
(Simon, 2004)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yang et al., 2002)
involved_in establishment of planar polarity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Arata et al., 2017, Misra and Irvine, 2016, Bosveld et al., 2012, Repiso et al., 2010, Matakatsu and Blair, 2004)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ft; FB:FBgn0001075
(Repiso et al., 2010)
involved_in eye morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Baena-Lopez et al., 2005)
involved_in heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:ft; FB:FBgn0001075
(Matakatsu and Blair, 2004)
involved_in imaginal disc morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Clark et al., 1995)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Baena-Lopez et al., 2005)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Matakatsu and Blair, 2006, Baena-Lopez et al., 2005)
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in establishment of planar polarity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Harumoto et al., 2010)
involved_in negative regulation of hippo signaling
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:mnb; FB:FBgn0259168,FLYBASE:wap; FB:FBgn0266848
(Degoutin et al., 2013)
involved_in positive regulation of hippo signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Misra and Irvine, 2016, Matakatsu and Blair, 2012, Baena-Lopez et al., 2008)
involved_in protein localization involved in establishment of planar polarity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Misra and Irvine, 2016)
involved_in regulation of establishment of planar polarity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Casal et al., 2006, Ma et al., 2003)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:dgo; FB:FBgn0086898
(Weber et al., 2012)
involved_in regulation of tube length, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chung et al., 2009)
involved_in wing disc pattern formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Rodriguez, 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell adhesion
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR020894
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002126
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in ommatidial rotation
traceable author statement
(Strutt and Strutt, 2002)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in apicolateral plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Misra and Irvine, 2016)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Matakatsu and Blair, 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in membrane
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002126, InterPro:IPR015919
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR020894
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
CADHERINS -
The cadherin superfamily represent a diverse group of transmembrane receptors which mediate cell-cell adhesion. Cadherins are defined by the presence of cadherin domains, typically organised in tandem repeats, which mediate calcium-dependent homophilic interactions between cadherin molecules. (Adapted from FBrf0146675).
Positive Regulators of Hippo Signaling Pathway -
The Hippo signaling pathway is an intracellular kinase cascade in which hpo kinase in complex with sav, phosphorylates wts kinase which, in turn, phosphorylates yki transcriptional co-activator leading to its cytosolic retention. Positive regulators of the pathway, enhance the cytosolic retention of yki, negatively regulating tissue growth (Adapted from FBrf0224870).
Negative Regulators of Hippo Signaling Pathway -
The Hippo signaling pathway is an intracellular kinase cascade in which hpo kinase in complex with sav, phosphorylates wts kinase which, in turn, phosphorylates yki transcriptional co-activator leading to its cytosolic retention. Negative regulators of the pathway promote the nuclear accumulation of yki, enhancing yki-mediated transcriptional regulation and the expression of genes that positively regulate tissue growth (Adapted from FBrf0224870).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required for normal morphogenesis of adult structures derived from imaginal disks (PubMed:26073018, PubMed:7601355). Plays a role in planar cell polarity and in determining body left-right asymmetry. Expression in segment H1 of the imaginal ring and interaction with Myo31DF are required to induce changes of cell shape and orientation in segment H2, which then gives rise to normal, dextral looping of the adult hindgut (PubMed:26073018).
(UniProt, Q24292)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
ds: dachsous
thumb
ds: dachsous
Edith M. Wallace, unpublished.
Wings shorter, blunter, and broader; crossveins uniformly very close together. Abdomen and legs chunky. Slight dominance of close crossveins. Stronger alleles may exhibit enhanced dominance, reduced viability, female sterility, delayed emergence, widely spaced scutellar bristles, and erect costal bristles. Strong interaction with d, fj, and cg; double homozygotes often have excessive growth of thoracic parts and sometimes conversion of one organ into another {e.g., hyphertrophy of notum, duplication of wings and antennae, and transformations of tarsus to arista, eye to antenna or palpus, or wing to notum [Waddington, 1943, J. Genet. 45: 29-43 (fig.); 1962, New Patterns in Genetics and Development, Columbia University Press, pp. 208-15 (fig.)]}. Tarsal shortening enhanced by homozygous ssa and ssaB (Villee, 1945, Genetics 30: 26-27). RK1.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

cadherin superfamily - controls imaginal disc morphogenesis - controls left-right asymmetry - planar polarity is specified through asymmetric subcellular localization of Fat and Dachsous

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\ds for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q24292)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
ds-RA
FBtr0078045
NM_078722
12427
3556
ds-RB
FBtr0343249
NM_001298622
12134
3556
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

12.4 (compiled cDNA)

(Clark et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
ds-PA
FBpp0077708
385.8
3556
4.70
X2J8E9
NP_523446
AAF51468
ds-PB
FBpp0309926
385.8
3556
4.70
X2J8E9
NP_001285551
AHN54066
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

3556 aa isoforms: ds-PA, ds-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

3380 (aa)

(Clark et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts (via cytoplasmic region) with Myo31DF.

(UniProt, Q24292)
Post Translational Modification

Phosphorylated by fj on Ser/Thr of cadherin domains.

(UniProt, Q24292)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\ds using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.44

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
presumptive scabellum
(Clark et al., 1995)
presumptive haltere pedicel
(Clark et al., 1995)
presumptive capitellum
(Clark et al., 1995)
presumptive arista
(Clark et al., 1995)
presumptive first segment of antenna
(Clark et al., 1995)
presumptive second segment of antenna
(Clark et al., 1995)
Additional Descriptive Data

ds transcripts persist throughout embryogenesis and reappear in larvae and adults. They are expressed in ectodermally derived tissues. They are first detected in six weak epidermal stripes and a prominent stripe at the amnioproctodeal invagination during gastrulation. During germ band extension, they are present in 14 segmental stripes and in the procephalon. Prominent expression is observed in the extended germ band stage in the forming tracheal pits. At stage 14, expression is also observed in the anterior spiracles and in the primordial leg discs. By late stage 14, expression is observed in the nearly fused labial buds and at invagination of the maxillary segment, along the segmental folds, and probably in the apodemes. ds transcripts are also expressed in specific areas of the larval brain and imaginal discs. In the supraoesophageal ganglion, ds is expressed in two areas of the optic lobe and in a region that may correspond to the mushroom body. In imaginal discs, strong ds expression is observed frequently along the folds separating the anlagen of distinct imaginal structures. It is observed in limited regions of the eye-antennal, humeral, labial, genital, leg, wing, and haltere discs.

(Clark et al., 1995)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
wing pouch | surrounding
(Rodriguez, 2004)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male
spermatozoon
(Wasbrough et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data

ds protein is detected in third instar wing discs in a ring of cells surrounding the wing pouch and in the later regions of the prospective notum.

(Rodriguez, 2004)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in apicolateral plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Misra and Irvine, 2016)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Matakatsu and Blair, 2004)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{lacZ.ry+}ds2D60b
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 6
ventral furrow
(Clark et al., 1995)
procephalic segment
(Clark et al., 1995)
cephalic furrow
(Clark et al., 1995)
embryonic stage 14
embryonic/larval anterior spiracle
(Clark et al., 1995)
leg disc | presumptive
(Clark et al., 1995)
embryonic stage 16
abdominal segment 8
(Clark et al., 1995)
larval intersegmental apodeme
(Clark et al., 1995)
larval labial organ
(Clark et al., 1995)
dorsopharyngeal organ
(Clark et al., 1995)
intercalary segment
(Clark et al., 1995)
embryonic/larval labral segment sense organ
(Clark et al., 1995)
labrum
(Clark et al., 1995)
third instar larval stage
humeral disc
(Clark et al., 1995)
eye-antennal disc
(Clark et al., 1995)
haltere disc
(Clark et al., 1995)
genital disc
(Clark et al., 1995)
leg disc
(Clark et al., 1995)
wing disc
(Clark et al., 1995)
mushroom body
(Clark et al., 1995)
labial disc
(Clark et al., 1995)
adult optic lobe
(Clark et al., 1995)
first segment of antenna | precursor
(Clark et al., 1995)
second segment of antenna | precursor
(Clark et al., 1995)
arista | precursor
(Clark et al., 1995)
capitellum | precursor
(Clark et al., 1995)
haltere pedicel | precursor
(Clark et al., 1995)
mesothoracic pleurum | precursor
(Clark et al., 1995)
postpronotum | precursor
(Clark et al., 1995)
scabellum | precursor
(Clark et al., 1995)
wandering third instar larval stage
mesothoracic tergum primordium
(Zecca and Struhl, 2010)
pupal stage P5
wing vein L3
(Hogan et al., 2011)
wing vein L3 | anterior to
(Hogan et al., 2011)
wing vein L3 | posterior to
(Hogan et al., 2011)
Reporter: P{PZ}ds05142
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
larval brain | presumptive
(Jackle and Janning, 1998.8.10)
organism | posterior
(Jackle and Janning, 1998.8.10)
presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system | restricted
(Jackle and Janning, 1998.8.10)
organism | segmentally repeated
(Jackle and Janning, 1998.8.10)
mandibular segment
(Jackle and Janning, 1998.8.10)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Jackle and Janning, 1998.8.10)
embryonic/larval pharynx | restricted
(Jackle and Janning, 1998.8.10)
second instar larval stage
wing disc | distal
(Rodriguez, 2004)
third instar larval stage
wing pouch | surrounding
(Rodriguez, 2004)
wing hinge
(Rodriguez, 2004)
wandering third instar larval stage
imaginal disc
(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\ds in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 82 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 29 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ds
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ds
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 16 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU
lethal, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL, ds05142
lethal, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL, dsΔECD.UAS
lethal (with Df(2L)ED94)
lethal (with Df(2L)Exel8003)
lethal (with ds01855)
lethal (with dsUAO71)
lethal | recessive
partially lethal
partially lethal - majority die
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable (with Df(2L)ED94)
Sterility
Allele
female sterile
fertile
male fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hand.Δ
abnormal cell polarity
abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4Dll-md23
abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4salm-459.2
abnormal cell polarity | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
abnormal cell polarity | somatic clone
abnormal cell polarity | somatic clone (with dsD36)
abnormal cell polarity | somatic clone (with dsUAO71)
abnormal cell shape | somatic clone
abnormal cell shape | somatic clone (with dsD36)
abnormal cell shape | somatic clone (with dsUAO71)
abnormal neuroanatomy | late third instar larval stage
abnormal planar polarity
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4Dll-em212
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4Dll-md23
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E, dsEP-822
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E, dsUAS.cTa
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4fj-VG1
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4salm-459.2
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
abnormal planar polarity (with ds33k)
abnormal planar polarity (with ds38k)
abnormal planar polarity (with dsUAO71)
abnormal planar polarity | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4nub.PU
abnormal planar polarity | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
abnormal planar polarity | adult stage (with Df(2L)ED87)
abnormal planar polarity | adult stage (with ds38k)
abnormal planar polarity | adult stage (with dsCrDΔII:V5)
abnormal planar polarity | adult stage (with dsCrDΔIII:V5)
abnormal planar polarity | adult stage (with dsCrΔD:V5)
abnormal planar polarity | adult stage (with dsCrΔICD:V5)
abnormal planar polarity | adult stage (with dsD36)
abnormal planar polarity | adult stage (with dsUAO71)
abnormal planar polarity | adult stage (with dsYAC41)
abnormal planar polarity | adult stage (with dsΔEx12)
abnormal planar polarity | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
abnormal planar polarity | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
abnormal planar polarity | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4salm-459.2, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
abnormal planar polarity | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
abnormal planar polarity | somatic clone
abnormal size, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
abnormal size | adult stage
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4638
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4nub.PU
abnormal size | adult stage (with ds38k)
abnormal size | adult stage (with dsCrΔD:V5)
abnormal size | adult stage (with dsCrΔICD:V5)
abnormal size | adult stage (with dsD36)
abnormal size | adult stage (with dsUAO71)
abnormal size | third instar larval stage
abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU
decreased size | adult stage
decreased size | adult stage (with Df(2L)ED87)
decreased size | adult stage (with dsCr+:V5)
decreased size | adult stage (with dsCr+)
decreased size | adult stage (with dsCrΔA:V5)
decreased size | adult stage (with dsD36)
decreased size | adult stage (with dsUAO71)
decreased size | larval stage
flightless, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
hyperplasia
increased body weight | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
increased cell death | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU, dsUAO71
increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU, dsΔECD.UAS
increased cell number | somatic clone
increased size | adult stage (with Df(2L)ED87)
increased size | adult stage (with ds38k)
increased size | adult stage (with ds05142)
increased size | adult stage (with dsCrDΔII:V5)
increased size | adult stage (with dsCrDΔIII:V5)
increased size | adult stage (with dsCrΔC:V5)
increased size | adult stage (with dsUAO71)
increased size | adult stage (with dsΔEx12)
increased size | larval stage
majority die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU, ds38k/dsD36
majority die during P-stage (with ds38k), with Scer\GAL4hh.PU, dsUAS.cTa
majority die during P-stage (with dsD36), with Scer\GAL4hh.PU, dsUAS.cTa
neoplasia | late third instar larval stage
short lived | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
some die during immature adult stage | recessive
visible
visible, with ds38k/dsUAO71
visible, with Scer\GAL4638
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible, with Scer\GAL4dpp.3KK
visible, with Scer\GAL4hh-Gal4
visible, with Scer\GAL4MD-638
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible, with Scer\GAL4sca-C253
visible (with ds33k)
visible (with ds38k)
visible (with ds38k), with dsAct5C.EGFP
visible (with ds38k), with dsSAx3.Act5C.EGFP
visible (with ds38k), with dsSDx3.Act5C.EGFP
visible (with ds05142)
visible (with dsD36)
visible (with dsUAO71)
visible (with dsUAO71), with dsAct5C.EGFP
visible (with dsUAO71), with dsSAx3.Act5C.EGFP
visible (with dsUAO71), with dsSDx3.Act5C.EGFP
visible (with dsΔB.Flag)
visible (with dsΔD.Flag)
visible | adult stage
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
visible | adult stage (with Df(2L)ED87)
visible | adult stage (with dsCr+:V5)
visible | adult stage (with dsCr+)
visible | adult stage (with dsCrΔA:V5)
visible | adult stage (with dsCrΔC:V5)
visible | adult stage (with dsCrΔD:V5)
visible | adult stage (with dsCrΔF:V5)
visible | adult stage (with dsCrΔICD:V5)
visible | adult stage (with dsD36)
visible | adult stage (with dsUAO71)
visible | adult stage (with dsYAC41)
visible | adult stage (with dsΔEx12)
visible | recessive
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdominal sternite bristle, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
abdominal sternite bristle (with dsUAO71)
abdominal sternite bristle (with dsYAC41)
abdominal tergite
abdominal tergite | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
adult abdomen
adult cuticle
adult cuticle | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
adult fat body
adult hindgut (with dsCrDΔII:V5)
adult hindgut (with dsCrDΔIII:V5)
adult hindgut (with dsCrΔD:V5)
adult hindgut (with dsCrΔICD:V5)
adult hindgut (with dsUAO71)
adult hindgut (with dsΔEx12)
anterior crossvein
axon & larval optic lobe
chaeta | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sca-C253
costal vein & trichome
costal vein | ectopic
costal vein | ectopic (with ds33k)
costal vein | ectopic (with ds38k)
costal vein | ectopic (with ds05142)
costal vein | ectopic (with dsUAO71)
coxa
crossvein
crossvein, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
crossvein, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
crossvein (with Df(2L)ED87)
crossvein (with dsCr+:V5)
crossvein (with dsCr+)
crossvein (with dsCrDΔII:V5)
crossvein (with dsCrDΔIII:V5)
crossvein (with dsCrΔC:V5)
crossvein (with dsCrΔD:V5)
crossvein (with dsCrΔF:V5)
crossvein (with dsCrΔICD:V5)
crossvein (with dsUAO71)
crossvein (with dsΔEx12)
denticle row 1, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
denticle row 1, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
denticle row 2, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
denticle row 2, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
denticle row 3, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
denticle row 3, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
embryonic/larval crystal cell | increased number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hand.Δ
embryonic/larval optic lobe | late third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk (with Df(2L)Exel8003)
eye
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
eye (with dsD36)
eye (with dsUAO71)
eye disc | somatic clone (with dsD36)
eye disc | somatic clone (with dsUAO71)
eye equator, with Scer\GAL4fj-VG1
eye equator (with ds38k)
eye equator (with dsUAO71)
fat body | third instar larval stage
glial cell & larval optic lobe
humeral sclerite | ectopic
humeral sclerite | ectopic (with ds33k)
humeral sclerite | ectopic (with ds38k)
humeral sclerite | ectopic (with ds05142)
humeral sclerite | ectopic (with dsUAO71)
larval brain | late third instar larval stage
leg
leg (with ds1)
leg (with ds38k)
leg (with ds05142)
leg (with dsCrΔD:V5)
leg (with dsCrΔICD:V5)
leg (with dsD36)
leg (with dsUAO71)
leg (with dsΔEx12)
leg joint (with ds1)
leg joint (with ds38k)
leg joint (with ds05142)
lymph gland posterior signaling center cell | decreased number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hand.Δ
macrochaeta
macrochaeta | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
microchaeta
microchaeta | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
microtubule (with ds38k)
microtubule (with dsUAO71)
mitochondrion | third instar larval stage
ommatidium
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4fj-VG1
ommatidium (with ds38k)
ommatidium (with dsUAO71)
ommatidium | adult stage (with ds38k)
ommatidium | adult stage (with dsUAO71)
ommatidium | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
ommatidium | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
ommatidium | somatic clone
optic lobe neuroepithelial cell | late third instar larval stage
photoreceptor cell R3 | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell R4 | ectopic | somatic clone
posterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4salm-459.2
posterior crossvein (with dsCrΔD:V5)
posterior crossvein (with dsCrΔICD:V5)
posterior crossvein (with dsUAO71)
scutellum, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
scutellum | ectopic
scutellum | ectopic (with ds33k)
scutellum | ectopic (with ds38k)
scutellum | ectopic (with ds05142)
scutellum | ectopic (with dsUAO71)
scutum | ectopic
scutum | ectopic (with ds33k)
scutum | ectopic (with ds38k)
scutum | ectopic (with ds05142)
scutum | ectopic (with dsUAO71)
segment of leg | decreased number (with dsCrΔD:V5)
segment of leg | decreased number (with dsCrΔICD:V5)
segment of leg | decreased number (with dsD36)
segment of leg | decreased number (with dsUAO71)
segment of leg | decreased number (with dsΔEx12)
tarsal segment
tarsal segment (with ds1)
tarsal segment (with ds38k)
tarsal segment (with ds05142)
tarsal segment (with dsΔB.Flag)
tarsal segment (with dsΔD.Flag)
tegula | ectopic
tegula | ectopic (with ds33k)
tegula | ectopic (with ds38k)
tegula | ectopic (with ds05142)
tegula | ectopic (with dsUAO71)
thorax
trichome & abdominal tergite
trichome & abdominal tergite | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
ventral denticle belt
ventral denticle belt, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS
ventral denticle belt, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
ventral denticle belt, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
ventral denticle belt | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
wing
wing, with ds38k/dsUAO71
wing, with Scer\GAL4638
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU, ds38k/dsD36
wing, with Scer\GAL4hh-Gal4
wing, with Scer\GAL4MD-638
wing, with Scer\GAL4nub.PU
wing, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
wing, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
wing (with Df(2L)ED87)
wing (with ds33k)
wing (with ds38k)
wing (with ds38k), with dsAct5C.EGFP
wing (with ds38k), with dsSAx3.Act5C.EGFP
wing (with ds38k), with dsSDx3.Act5C.EGFP
wing (with ds38k), with Scer\GAL4hh.PU, dsUAS.cTa
wing (with ds05142)
wing (with dsCr+:V5)
wing (with dsCr+)
wing (with dsCrDΔII:V5)
wing (with dsCrDΔIII:V5)
wing (with dsCrΔA:V5)
wing (with dsCrΔC:V5)
wing (with dsCrΔD:V5)
wing (with dsCrΔICD:V5)
wing (with dsD36)
wing (with dsD36), with Scer\GAL4hh.PU, dsUAS.cTa
wing (with dsUAO71)
wing (with dsUAO71), with dsAct5C.EGFP
wing (with dsUAO71), with dsSAx3.Act5C.EGFP
wing (with dsUAO71), with dsSDx3.Act5C.EGFP
wing (with dsΔEx12)
wing | posterior
wing | posterior (with ds33k)
wing | posterior (with ds38k)
wing | posterior (with ds05142)
wing | posterior (with dsUAO71)
wing | proximal
wing | proximal (with ds38k)
wing | proximal (with dsUAO71)
wing blade, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing blade, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
wing blade (with ds05142)
wing blade (with dsUAO71)
wing blade posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU
wing disc
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU, dsUAO71
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU, dsΔECD.UAS
wing disc | somatic clone (with dsD36)
wing disc | somatic clone (with dsUAO71)
wing disc anterior compartment
wing disc posterior compartment
wing disc posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
wing disc posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing disc posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4hh-Gal4
wing disc posterior compartment | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
wing disc posterior compartment | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU
wing hair
wing hair, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing hair, with Scer\GAL4Dll-em212
wing hair, with Scer\GAL4Dll-md23
wing hair, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing hair, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E, dsEP-822
wing hair, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E, dsUAS.cTa
wing hair, with Scer\GAL4nub.PU
wing hair, with Scer\GAL4salm-459.2
wing hair (with ds33k)
wing hair (with ds38k)
wing hair (with dsD36)
wing hair (with dsUAO71)
wing hair & wing basal cell, with Scer\GAL4salm-459.2
wing hair | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4salm-459.2, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
wing hinge
wing hinge (with ds33k)
wing hinge (with ds38k)
wing hinge (with ds05142)
wing hinge (with dsUAO71)
wing hinge | posterior
wing hinge | posterior (with ds33k)
wing hinge | posterior (with ds38k)
wing hinge | posterior (with ds05142)
wing hinge | posterior (with dsUAO71)
wing margin | anterior | ectopic
wing margin | anterior | ectopic (with ds33k)
wing margin | anterior | ectopic (with ds38k)
wing margin | anterior | ectopic (with ds05142)
wing margin | anterior | ectopic (with dsUAO71)
wing vein
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4638
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4dpp.3KK
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
wing vein (with ds38k)
wing vein (with dsD36)
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (41)
Hsap\DCHS1
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
0  
Hsap\DCHS2
8 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FAT4
7 of 14
No
No
0  
Hsap\CDH23
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CDHR2
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\FAT1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\FAT2
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\FAT3
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PCDHB1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHB7
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\CDHR1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CDHR3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CDHR5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\CELSR1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CELSR2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CELSR3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PCDH1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDH7
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDH9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDH11X
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PCDH11Y
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PCDH15
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PCDHB2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHB3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHB4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHB5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHB6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHB8
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHB9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHB10
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHB11
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PCDHB12
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PCDHB13
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHB14
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHB15
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHB16
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHB18P
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHGA1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHGA3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PCDHGB3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PCDHGB5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (25)
Rnor\Dchs1
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Fat4
5 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dchs2
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Cdh23
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Fat1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Fat2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Fat3
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pcdh1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdh7
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdh9
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Cdhr1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cdhr5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Celsr3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC108348201
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdh15
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pcdh20
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb10
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb11
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pcdhb14
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb19
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb21
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb22
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhga5
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (49)
Mmus\Dchs1
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Dchs2
7 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Fat4
6 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Fat1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Fat2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Fat3
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pcdh1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdh7
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdh9
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdh11x
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb15
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb17
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhgb5
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Cdh23
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cdhr1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cdhr5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Celsr1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Celsr2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Celsr3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pcdh15
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pcdh17
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdh18
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdh20
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb7
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb8
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb10
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb11
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb12
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb13
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb14
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb16
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb18
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb19
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb20
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb21
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb22
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhga2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pcdhga4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhga6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhga7
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhga11
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhgc4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (41)
Xtro\dchs2
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\fat4
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ccdc88a
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC105946895
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pcdh19
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\avpr1b
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\cdh23
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\celsr3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cenpv
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dcaf17
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\dchs1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\fat1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\fat3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100489479
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC100493106
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC100493382
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC101733947
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC105946889
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\ndufa9
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pcdh1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pcdh7
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pcdh8.2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pcdh8l
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pcdh8
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pcdh9
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pcdh10
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pcdh11x
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pcdh17
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pcdh18
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pcdh20
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pcdha6
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pcdha8
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pcdha13
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pcdhac2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pcdhga11
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pcdhgb5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pcdhgc4
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\prodh
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rptor
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\slc2a10
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\snrpf
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (62)
Drer\dchs1a
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\dchs1b
10 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\cdh23
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\dchs2
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\fat1a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\fat1b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\fat2
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\fat3a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC568600
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC101883589
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\pcdh1a
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh1b
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh2aa15
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh2ab2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh2ab6
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh2ab7
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh7a
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh7b
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:dkey-22o22.2
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cdhr2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\cdhr5b
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\cdhr5-rs
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\celsr1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\celsr1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\celsr2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\fat4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC100006777
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC100006797
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC103908739
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh1a3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh1a4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh1g14
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh1g32
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh2aa1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh2ab1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh2ab3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh2ab5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh2ab9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh2ab10
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh2ab11
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pcdh2ab12
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh2ac
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh8
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh10a
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh10b
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh11
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh12
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh15a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pcdh15b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pcdh17
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh18a
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh18b
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh19
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh20
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdhb
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch73-233f7.1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch73-233f7.3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch73-233f7.6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch73-379j16.2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch211-186j3.6
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:ch211-199f5.1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (8)
Cele\cdh-1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\cdh-3
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\hmr-1
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cdh-4
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\cdh-7
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cdh-9
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cdh-12
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\fmi-1
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (17)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007905
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007909
3 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007924
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001591
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000153
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002310
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002828
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003579
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003607
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004166
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006256
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006731
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009722
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009725
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011526
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011529
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GPRSTN
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:ds. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (13)
ft
7 of 13
kug
4 of 13
Cad89D
3 of 13
CadN2
3 of 13
CadN
3 of 13
stan
3 of 13
Cad74A
2 of 13
Cad86C
2 of 13
Cad99C
2 of 13
shg
2 of 13
Cad87A
1 of 13
Cad88C
1 of 13
Cad96Cb
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
dsHMS00759
model of  obesity
CEA
(Agrawal et al., 2021)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
DCHS1; dachsous cadherin-related 1
model of  mitral valve prolapse
IEA
(FlyBase, 2019-)
model of  Van Maldergem syndrome 1
IEA
(FlyBase, 2019-)
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
DCHS1; dachsous cadherin-related 1
11 of 14
603057
 
DCHS2; dachsous cadherin-related 2
8 of 14
612486
      FAT4; FAT atypical cadherin 4
      7 of 14
      612411
       
      CDH23; cadherin related 23
      3 of 14
      605516
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      ds
      colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author
      (Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024)
      ds - CG32109
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      ds - CG9581
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      ds - Dlish
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, anti tag western blot
      (Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024, Misra and Irvine, 2016, Zhang et al., 2016)
      ds - Inos
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      ds - Ipo9
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      ds - Mpcp2
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      ds - Mtpα
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      ds - Mtpβ
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)
      ds - Myo31DF
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot
      (González-Morales et al., 2015)
      ds - Nfs1
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      ds - SERCA
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      ds - SkpA
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      ds - UQCR-C2
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      ds - app
      colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024)
      ds - cindr
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      ds - dachs
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Tripathi and Irvine, 2024, Bosveld et al., 2012)
      ds - fj
      enzymatic study, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Brittle et al., 2010, Ishikawa et al., 2008)
      ds - ft
      affinity technology, enzymatic reaction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, inferred by author, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, bead aggregation assay, fluorescence microscopy, colocalization
      (Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024, Tripathi and Irvine, 2024, Brittle et al., 2010, Simon et al., 2010, Matakatsu and Blair, 2004)
      ds - hpo
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot
      (Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)
      ds - l(1)G0289
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      ds - lft
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Tripathi and Irvine, 2024, Mao et al., 2009)
      ds - pk
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Tripathi and Irvine, 2024, Ambegaonkar and Irvine, 2015, Ayukawa et al., 2014)
      ds - slmb
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)
      ds - wap
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Degoutin et al., 2013)
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      ft|ds
      suppressible
      app
      (Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024)
      ds
      suppressible
      dachs
      (Brittle et al., 2012)
      ft|ds
      suppressible
      dachs
      (Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024)
      ft|ds
      suppressible
      Dlish
      (Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024)
      ds
      suppressible
      Dlish
      (Misra and Irvine, 2016)
      ds
      suppressible
      dpp
      (Rodriguez, 2004)
      ds
      enhanceable
      dsh
      (Rodriguez, 2004)
      ds
      suppressible
      fj
      (Yang et al., 2002)
      ds
      enhanceable
      fj
      (Matakatsu and Blair, 2004, Strutt et al., 2004)
      ft|ds
      enhanceable
      fj
      (Brittle et al., 2010)
      ft|ds
      suppressible
      fj
      (Brittle et al., 2010)
      ds
      enhanceable
      ft
      (Repiso et al., 2010)
      ds
      suppressible
      fz
      (Adler et al., 1998)
      ds
      enhanceable
      Myc
      (Ziosi et al., 2010)
      ds
      suppressible
      nkd
      (Rodriguez, 2004)
      ds
      suppressible
      wap
      (Degoutin et al., 2013)
      ds
      suppressible
      wg
      (Rodriguez, 2004)
      ds
      suppressible
      Zyx
      (Rauskolb et al., 2011)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Alu
      enhanceable
      ds
      arm
      enhanceable
      ds
      (Greaves et al., 1999)
      cg
      enhanceable
      ds
      (Waddington, 1953)
      dgo
      enhanceable
      ds
      (Weber et al., 2012)
      Dref
      enhanceable
      ds
      (Ida et al., 2009)
      fj
      enhanceable
      ds
      (Strutt et al., 2004)
      fj
      suppressible
      ds
      (Matakatsu and Blair, 2004)
      ft
      enhanceable
      ds
      (Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024, Repiso et al., 2010, Matakatsu and Blair, 2006)
      ft
      suppressible
      ds
      (Matakatsu and Blair, 2012, Yang et al., 2002)
      fz
      enhanceable
      ds
      (Adler et al., 1998)
      shg
      suppressible
      ds
      (Greaves et al., 1999)
      External Data
      Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
      Interacts (via cytoplasmic region) with Myo31DF.
      (UniProt, Q24292 )
      Linkouts
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      2L
      Recombination map
      2-1.5
      Cytogenetic map
      21E2-21E2
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      21E2-21E2
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k09610k09610&P{lacW}Sk09538a and P{PZ}l(2)1068510685&P{lacW}Tango14k00619
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      21D1-21D1
      Left limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0067338) Right limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0067338); (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Molnar et al., 2006)
      21D2-21D3
      (Clark, 1995.3.1)
      21C5-21C6
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Spradling et al., 1999)
      21C5-21C6
      (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      2-1.5

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      2-0.4

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      2-0.3

      (Lederman-Klein, 1953)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (113)
      Genomic Clones (41)
      cDNA Clones (46)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             

            polyclonal

            (Revilla-Yates et al., 2015, Merkel et al., 2014, Bosveld et al., 2012)
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               

              • New stable cell line derived from S2-unspecified : Inducible stable S2 cell lines were created expressing Tag:FLAG-tagged fragments of the ds extracellular domains or secreted, epitope-tagged mutant or wild type fj.

                (Ishikawa et al., 2008)
              Other Comments

              Clonal analysis indicates that the ds/ft system and the stan/fz system act independently to confer planar cell polarity in the adult abdomen; each system confers and propagates polarity and can do so in the absence of the other.

              (Casal et al., 2006)

              The extracellular domain of the ds product in necessary for its planar cell polarity role in the wing.

              (Matakatsu and Blair, 2006)

              ds is required for the proper orientation of of cell division during organ development, which determines organ shape.

              (Baena-Lopez et al., 2005)

              Uniform overexpression of ds in the wing has very limited effects planar cell polarity, suggesting that a gradient of ds expression is not required for planar cell polarity in the wing.

              (Matakatsu and Blair, 2004)

              Gradients of fj and ds expression appear to provide partially redundant positional information essential for specifying the polarisation axis in the eye. The fidelity of planar cell polarity in the eye appears to result from the combined action of the fj and ds gradients acting through ft.

              (Simon, 2004)

              dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

              (Kiger et al., 2003)

              ds and ft gene products maintain each other's localization in neighbouring cells.

              (Ma et al., 2003)

              In the wing, as well as in the eye, fj, ds and ft orient the direction of the fz-mediated intercellular feedback loop.

              (Ma et al., 2003)

              The cadherin ds regulates dorsal ventral signalling in the eye.

              (Rawls et al., 2002)

              ds play an important role in the regulation planar polarity in the compound eye.

              (Yang et al., 2002)

              Mutations in ds cause a tissue polarity phenotype in the wing by altering the direction of fz signaling.

              (Adler et al., 1998)

              ds encodes a member of the cadherin superfamily that controls imaginal disc morphogenesis. The phenotypes of, and genetic interactions between ds and ft are consistent with a model in which cell proliferation and morphogenesis of imaginal structures depends on the coupled equilibria between homo- and heterophilic interactions of the ds and ft cadherin proteins.

              (Clark et al., 1995)

              "G00608; BDGP:Dm0344 ; BDGP:l (2)05142" was stated as revision.

              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of

              Source for merge of: ds l(2)01855

              (Kahsai et al., 2016)
              Additional comments
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)
              Reported As
              Symbol Synonym
              CG17941
              (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Yao et al., 2017, Nikam et al., 2011.5.2, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Ida et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009, Molnar et al., 2006)
              CT39575
              (Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
              DS
              (Gogia et al., 2021, Grifoni et al., 2013, Harvey and Hariharan, 2012, Bayly and Axelrod, 2011)
              Dachsous
              (Li et al., 2022, Thompson, 2021)
              Ds
              (Fischer et al., 2024, Kasiah and McNeill, 2023, Wang et al., 2022, Destalminil-Letourneau et al., 2021, Muñoz-Nava et al., 2021, Strutt and Strutt, 2021, Zhao et al., 2021, Fulford and McNeill, 2020, Gou et al., 2020, Harrison et al., 2020, Mlodzik, 2020, Garrido-Jimenez et al., 2019, Misra and Irvine, 2019, Fulford et al., 2018, Gou et al., 2018, Inaki et al., 2018, Takeda et al., 2018, Richardson and Portela, 2017, Zhang et al., 2016, Cao et al., 2015, Galic and Matis, 2015, Hale et al., 2015, Irvine and Harvey, 2015, Ayukawa et al., 2014, Sadeqzadeh et al., 2014, Abley et al., 2013, Andersen et al., 2013, Degoutin et al., 2013, Enderle and McNeill, 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Matis and Axelrod, 2013, Yu and Guan, 2013, Ambegaonkar et al., 2012, Mirth and Shingleton, 2012, Mouri et al., 2012, Singh and Mlodzik, 2012, Yue et al., 2012, Axelrod and Tomlin, 2011, Chan et al., 2011, Genevet and Tapon, 2011, Halder and Johnson, 2011, Parker, 2011, McNeill, 2010, Simon et al., 2010, Fung et al., 2008, Matakatsu and Blair, 2008, Brittle et al., 2007, Matakatsu and Blair, 2007, Halbleib and Nelson, 2006, Willecke et al., 2006, Torban et al., 2004, Baena-Lopez et al., 2003, Hill et al., 2001)
              EP-822
              (Molnar et al., 2006)
              cad2
              ds
              (Liu et al., 2024, Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024, Sun et al., 2024, Sutton et al., 2024, Tripathi and Irvine, 2024, Fulford et al., 2023, Pelletier et al., 2023, Ayukawa et al., 2022, Brittle et al., 2022, Kotian et al., 2022, Liu et al., 2022, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Yan et al., 2022, Agrawal et al., 2021, DeAngelis et al., 2021, Ding et al., 2021, Everetts et al., 2021, Harrison et al., 2021, Tokamov et al., 2021, Zecca and Struhl, 2021, Cho et al., 2020, Pietra et al., 2020, Arbouzova et al., 2019, Shadkhoo and Mani, 2019, Garrido-Jimenez et al., 2018, Gou et al., 2018, Lee et al., 2018, Mangione and Martín-Blanco, 2018, Matamoro-Vidal et al., 2018, Miller et al., 2018, Montes and Morata, 2017, Wang et al., 2017, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Gomez et al., 2016, Misra and Irvine, 2016, Moulton and Letsou, 2016, Saavedra et al., 2016, Saha et al., 2016, Duff et al., 2015, González-Morales et al., 2015, Hosono et al., 2015, Morgante et al., 2015, Okumura et al., 2015, Vrabioiu and Struhl, 2015, Bosch et al., 2014, Gold and Brand, 2014, Ikmi et al., 2014, Merkel et al., 2014, Mouri et al., 2014, Degoutin et al., 2013, Hazelwood and Hancock, 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Lawrence and Casal, 2013, Marcinkevicius and Zallen, 2013, Perea et al., 2013, Sharma and McNeill, 2013, Southall et al., 2013, Webber et al., 2013, Ambegaonkar et al., 2012, Bosveld et al., 2012, Bosveld et al., 2012, Brittle et al., 2012, Krzemien et al., 2012, Lee and Fischer, 2012, Legent et al., 2012, Matakatsu and Blair, 2012, Sagner et al., 2012, Weber et al., 2012, Bao et al., 2011, Goodrich and Strutt, 2011, Hogan et al., 2011, Kawamori et al., 2011, Luo et al., 2011, Olguín et al., 2011, Olguín et al., 2011, Rauskolb et al., 2011, Aigouy et al., 2010, Brittle et al., 2010, Harumoto et al., 2010, Ho et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, Reddy et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Zecca and Struhl, 2010, Ziosi et al., 2010, Chung et al., 2009, Feng and Irvine, 2009, Flaherty et al., 2009, Ida et al., 2009, Li et al., 2009, Mao et al., 2009, Sopko et al., 2009, Zartman et al., 2009, Zhu, 2009, Baena-Lopez et al., 2008, Fabre et al., 2008, Matakatsu and Blair, 2008, Rogulja et al., 2008, Terriente et al., 2008, Willecke et al., 2008, Beltran et al., 2007, Dietzl et al., 2007, Lawrence et al., 2007, Tyler et al., 2007, Casal et al., 2006, Cho et al., 2006, Matakatsu and Blair, 2006, Molnar et al., 2006, Baena-Lopez et al., 2005, Lim et al., 2005, Strutt and Strutt, 2005, Fanto and McNeill, 2004, Stanyon et al., 2004, Fanto et al., 2003)
              l(2)01855
              (Kahsai et al., 2016)
              l(2)05142
              (Spradling et al., 1999)
              Name Synonyms
              Dachsous
              (Ramírez-Moreno et al., 2023, Athilingam et al., 2021, Gou et al., 2020, Mohammadi et al., 2020, van Soldt and Cardoso, 2020, Garrido-Jimenez et al., 2019, Gou et al., 2018, Inaki et al., 2016, Hale et al., 2015, Sadeqzadeh et al., 2014, Abley et al., 2013, Degoutin et al., 2013, Hazelwood and Hancock, 2013, Konsavage and Yochum, 2013, Lawrence and Casal, 2013, Mani et al., 2013, Sharma and McNeill, 2013, Yu and Guan, 2013, Bosveld et al., 2012, Fausti et al., 2012, Harvey and Hariharan, 2012, Mirth and Shingleton, 2012, Sagner et al., 2012, Singh and Mlodzik, 2012, Bao et al., 2011, Halder and Johnson, 2011, Ingham et al., 2011, Oda and Takeichi, 2011, Parker, 2011, Salah and Aqeilan, 2011, Aigouy et al., 2010, Ho et al., 2010, Reddy et al., 2010, Repiso et al., 2010, Feng and Irvine, 2009, Mao et al., 2009, Collier et al., 2008, Ishikawa et al., 2008, Matakatsu and Blair, 2008, Matakatsu and Blair, 2008, Willecke et al., 2008, Brittle et al., 2007, Kerszberg and Wolpert, 2007, Lecuit and Le Goff, 2007, Matakatsu and Blair, 2007, Anonymous, 2006, Halbleib and Nelson, 2006, Mao et al., 2006, Willecke et al., 2006, Strutt, 2005, Fanto and McNeill, 2004)
              Daschous
              (Gou et al., 2023, Snigdha et al., 2019, Kwon et al., 2013)
              cadherin-2
              dachsous
              (Agrawal et al., 2021, Arata et al., 2017, Gomez et al., 2016, Hariharan, 2015, Legent et al., 2015, Harvey et al., 2013, Lawrence and Casal, 2013, Krzemien et al., 2012, Hogan et al., 2011, Brittle et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, Zecca and Struhl, 2010, Li et al., 2009, Zartman et al., 2009, Zhu, 2009, Fung et al., 2008, Le Garrec and Kerszberg, 2008, Rogulja et al., 2008, Lawrence et al., 2007, Cho et al., 2006, Hariharan, 2006, Matakatsu and Blair, 2006, Burnette et al., 2005, Strutt and Strutt, 2005, Clark, 1995.3.1)
              lethal (2) 01855
              Secondary FlyBase IDs
              • FBgn0000497
              • FBgn0010499
              Datasets (1)
              Study focus (1)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              • bait_protein
              Hippo_Pathway_interaction_map
              Interaction map generated by purification of Hippo pathway factors, with identification of copurifying proteins by mass spectrometry.
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 46 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
              References (382)