FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\disco-r
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\disco-r
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
disco-related
Annotation Symbol
CG32577
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0285879
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
30 publicly available
Gene Summary
disco-related (disco-r) encodes a C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor. It has known roles in larval and adult appendage development, where it appears to control proximal-distal fate in ventral appendages including adult legs, antenna, and larval and adult mouthparts. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-28] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

bae, batone

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
14B1-14B1
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-53
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:16118067..16148977
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (6 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in delamination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kiger et al., 2007)
involved_in epithelial to mesenchymal transition
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Natzle et al., 2008)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing expansion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kiger et al., 2007, Kiger et al., 2001)
involved_in wing disc morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kiger et al., 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN007642906
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN007642906
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
disco-related (disco-r) encodes a C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor. It has known roles in larval and adult appendage development, where it appears to control proximal-distal fate in ventral appendages including adult legs, antenna, and larval and adult mouthparts. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-28]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
C2H2 ZINC FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Zinc finger C2H2 transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. They possess DNA-binding domains that are formed from repeated Cys2His2 zinc finger motifs. (Adapted from PMID:1835093, FBrf0220103 and FBrf0155739).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

zinc finger transcription factors - required for head segment identity during Drosophila embryogenesis - required for optic lobe development and ventral appendage development

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
4
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\disco-r for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VXJ5)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.42

GenBank record AF287292 used to extend 3prime UTR

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
disco-r-RA
FBtr0074251
NM_167487
5019
1311
disco-r-RB
FBtr0310301
NM_001272669
4721
1311
disco-r-RC
FBtr0310302
NM_001272670
7272
1311
disco-r-RD
FBtr0310303
NM_001272671
4485
1311
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
disco-r-PA
FBpp0074029
140.6
1311
6.66
Q9VXJ5
NP_727938
AAF48566
disco-r-PB
FBpp0301984
140.6
1311
6.66
Q9VXJ5
NP_001259598
AGB95440
disco-r-PC
FBpp0301985
140.6
1311
6.66
Q9VXJ5
NP_001259599
AGB95441
disco-r-PD
FBpp0301986
140.6
1311
6.66
Q9VXJ5
NP_001259600
AGB95442
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1311 aa isoforms: disco-r-PA, disco-r-PB, disco-r-PC, disco-r-PD
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\disco-r using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.91

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
larval imaginal tissue | restricted
(Grubbs et al., 2013)
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
clypeo-labral primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
larval foregut atrium | precursor

Comment: reported as atrium primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
clypeo-labral primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | segmentally repeated
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
larval foregut atrium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
circular visceral muscle fiber
(Fisher et al., 2012)
labral segment
(Fisher et al., 2012)
third instar larval stage
leg disc | restricted
(Grubbs et al., 2013)
antennal disc | restricted
(Grubbs et al., 2013)
wing disc | restricted

Comment: ventral edge

(Grubbs et al., 2013)
early third instar larval stage
eye disc | restricted
(Patel et al., 2007)
antennal disc
(Patel et al., 2007)
leg disc
(Patel et al., 2007)
wing disc | restricted
(Patel et al., 2007)
haltere disc | restricted
(Patel et al., 2007)
labial disc
(Patel et al., 2007)
Additional Descriptive Data

disco-r staining is observed at the ventral edge of the wing disc

(Grubbs et al., 2013)

At early third instar larval stage, disco-r is expressed in the antennal and maxillary palp regions of the eye-antennal disc, in the labial disc, and in leg discs. It is also expressed in a small group of cells in the future scutellum of the wing disc, in a similar position in the haltere disc, and weakly in the anterior-ventral fold of the eye disc.

(Patel et al., 2007)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\disco-r in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of disco-r
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of disco-r
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\BNC1
6 of 14
Yes
No
1  
Hsap\BNC2
6 of 14
Yes
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Bnc2
6 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Bnc1
5 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Bnc1
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Bnc2
5 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)
Xtro\bnc1
4 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\bnc2
4 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\chek1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\neurog2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)
Drer\bnc2
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\bnc1
5 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC100536790
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\bnc-1
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001106
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:disco-r. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
disco
6 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    BNC1; basonuclin zinc finger protein 1
    model of  primary ovarian insufficiency 16
    IEA
    (FlyBase, 2019-)
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    BNC1; basonuclin zinc finger protein 1
    6 of 14
    601930
     
    BNC2; basonuclin zinc finger protein 2
    6 of 14
    608669
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Other Interaction Browsers
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Other Interaction Browsers
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      X
      Recombination map
      1-53
      Cytogenetic map
      14B1-14B1
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      14B1-14B1
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1458&P{EP}EP1522 and P{EP}kat80EP620&P{EP}cazEP1564
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      Determined by deficiency mapping.
      (Green, 1999.2.6)
      14A-14A
      (Mahaffey, 2000.7.13)
      14F6-15A1
      (Green, 1999.2.6)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      1-53

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      1-53.9

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      1-54

      (Green, 1999.2.6)
      Left of (cM)
      (Kiger et al., 2001)
      (Green, 1999.2.6)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (30)
      Genomic Clones (21)
      cDNA Clones (16)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments

                bae may be required for the release of a hormone necessary for wing expansion and tissue remodeling by hemocytes in the wing.

                (Kiger et al., 2001)

                disco and disco-r appear to have redundant functions during development of the larval head. Presence of either gene is sufficient for normal development of the mandibular, maxillary and labial lobes.

                (Mahaffey et al., 2001)

                Absence of both disco and disco-r disrupts development in the mandibular, maxillary and labial lobes.

                (Mahaffey et al., 2001)
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of

                Source for merge of: CG9219 CG9223

                (Mahaffey, 2000.6.8)

                Source for merge of: disco-r CG9219

                (Mahaffey, 2001.11.27)

                Source for merge of: disco-r bae

                (Kiger, 2016.10.31)
                Additional comments

                Annotations CG9219, CG9223 merged as CG32577 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

                (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 31 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                References (59)