FB2020_03, released Jun 16, 2020

Gene: Dmel\Vps16A

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Vps16A
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Vacuolar protein sorting 16A
Annotation Symbol
CG8454
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0285911
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
5 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
Vacuolar protein sorting 16A (Vps16A) encodes a subunit of a heterohexameric tethering complex known as homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS). HOPS roles include promoting the fusion of late endosomes, autophagosomes, biosynthetic vesicles, and lysosomes, and the biogenesis of lysosome-related eye pigment granules. The product of Vps16A is also part of miniCORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering), a tethering complex involved in endosome maturation in nephrocytes and blood cells. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-28]
Other Summaries
Also Known As

Vps16, ma, dVps16A, DmVps16, maroon

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
85D7-85D7
Sequence location
3R:9,267,019..9,270,224 [+]
Recombination map

3-48

RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:9267019..9270224
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (19 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:A4V4S5,UniProtKB:M9PF72,UniProtKB:Q24314,UniProtKB:Q9VRX2
(assigned by UniProt )
(Lőrincz et al., 2016)
contributes_to syntaxin binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Syx17; FB:FBgn0035540
(Takáts et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
actin binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000301724
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (10 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
autophagosome maturation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Takáts et al., 2014, Pulipparacharuvil et al., 2005)
cellular response to starvation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Takáts et al., 2014)
endosomal transport
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ema; FB:FBgn0038427
(Kim et al., 2010)
endosomal vesicle fusion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Lőrincz et al., 2016)
endosome to lysosome transport
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Pulipparacharuvil et al., 2005)
eye pigment granule organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Pulipparacharuvil et al., 2005)
lysosomal transport
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Takáts et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
endosomal transport
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000301724
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000005966
(Solinger and Spang, 2013)
intracellular protein transport
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006925, InterPro:IPR006926, InterPro:IPR016534
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
regulation of SNARE complex assembly
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000301724
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000005966
(Solinger and Spang, 2013)
regulation of vacuole fusion, non-autophagic
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000301724
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
autophagosome
inferred from direct assay
(Takáts et al., 2014)
CORVET complex
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Lőrincz et al., 2016)
cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Pulipparacharuvil et al., 2005)
endosome
inferred from direct assay
(Akbar et al., 2009)
HOPS complex
inferred from direct assay
(Pulipparacharuvil et al., 2005)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Takáts et al., 2014)
lysosome
inferred from direct assay
(Takáts et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
CORVET complex
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000005966
(Solinger and Spang, 2013)
endosome
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000301724
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
HOPS complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000301724
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000005966
(Solinger and Spang, 2013)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
VPS-C COMPLEXES: HOPS AND CORVET -
The heterohexameric VPS-C complexes, HOPS and CORVET have been extensively characterised in yeast. They interact with SNAREs and Rabs to promote vesicle tethering. The CORVET complex is involved in early endosome fusion, interacting with Rab5-GTP. The HOPS complex interacts with Rab7-GTP on late endosomes (multivesicular bodies) to promote fusion with the lysosomal compartment (and vacuoles) and also autophagosome-lysosome fusion. The VPS-C complexes share common subunits and CORVET to HOPS conversion intermediates (i-CORVET and i-HOPS) have been proposed to accompany early to late endosome maturation. (Adapted from PMID:19575650 and FBrf0223135).
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
ma: maroon
Eye color dull ruby, approaching wild type with age; classification slow. Larval Malpighian tubes pale yellow (Beadle, 1937, Genetics 22: 587-611). Eye color autonomous in transplant into wild-type host (Beadle and Ephrussi, 1936, Genetics 21: 230). Wild-type levels of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase activity (Hickey and Singh, 1982, DIS 58: 74.)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Vps16A or the JBrowse view of Dmel\Vps16A for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Vps16A-RA
FBtr0081979
NM_141620
2741
833
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Vps16A-PA
FBpp0081459
96.0
833
6.99
NP_649877
AAF54353
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Vps16A using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
autophagosome
inferred from direct assay
(Takáts et al., 2014)
CORVET complex
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Lőrincz et al., 2016)
cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Pulipparacharuvil et al., 2005)
endosome
inferred from direct assay
(Akbar et al., 2009)
HOPS complex
inferred from direct assay
(Pulipparacharuvil et al., 2005)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Takáts et al., 2014)
lysosome
inferred from direct assay
(Takáts et al., 2014)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Vps16A in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Vps16A
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Vps16A
Deletions and Duplications ( 4 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
lethal, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
lethal - all die before end of larval stage
lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with Df(3R)ED5339)
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
eye color defective
eye color defective | somatic clone (with Df(3R)ED5339)
immune response defective, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
melanotic mass phenotype | larval stage (with Df(3R)ED5339)
neuroanatomy defective | larval stage | conditional, with Scer\GAL4A58
neuroanatomy defective | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL45-56
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
visible | adult stage
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
autolysosome | somatic clone | wandering third instar larval stage | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.Act5C
autolysosome | wandering third instar larval stage | nutrition conditional
autolysosome | wandering third instar larval stage | nutrition conditional (with Df(3R)ED5339)
autophagosome | supernumerary
autophagosome | supernumerary | wandering third instar larval stage | nutrition conditional
autophagosome | supernumerary | wandering third instar larval stage | nutrition conditional (with Df(3R)ED5339)
embryonic/larval fat body | somatic clone | wandering third instar larval stage | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.Act5C
embryonic/larval fat body | wandering third instar larval stage | nutrition conditional
embryonic/larval fat body | wandering third instar larval stage | nutrition conditional (with Df(3R)ED5339)
embryonic/larval garland cell | larval stage (with Df(3R)ED5339)
endosome, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
eye
garland cell
larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | larval stage | conditional, with Scer\GAL4A58
larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL45-56
late endosome | larval stage (with Df(3R)ED5339)
Malpighian tubule
pigment cell
pigment cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
primary pigment cell pigment granule, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
pseudocone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
rhabdomere, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
secondary pigment cell pigment granule, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\VPS16
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\PTPRA
1 of 15
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Vps16
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Vps16
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
Xtro\vps16
13 of 12
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\vps16
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\vps-16
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\VCL1
9 of 9
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\VPS16
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\vps16
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0919026Z )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00010302
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD18603
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM23792
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG16085
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE25939
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF16588
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA21090
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL13948
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK22550
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ10645
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI10429
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH14334
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091501GH )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17021846
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY005636
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_03506
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes009578
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL010559
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC000067
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP000529
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ001065
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W02BJ )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA006411
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS208223-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL007914
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2323814052
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\Vps16A
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP21346
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15215842
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH23603
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:002165
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG009147
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_09530
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC001384
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM412760
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC006566
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC003068
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC003610
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI004783
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_03554
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X01BU )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR004977
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW020984
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM68340.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur04g01380
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_63503
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G01XD )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Vps16a
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Vps16
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000006973
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)
No records found.
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Model Summary Ribbon
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Vps16AdsRNA.UAS.WIZ
model of  cancer
CEA with Ras85DV12.UAS
(Chi et al., 2010)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
VPS16; VPS16 core subunit of CORVET and HOPS complexes
14 of 15
608550
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      esyN Network Key:
      Suppression
      Enhancement
      View in Interactions Browser
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Vps16A
      enhanceable
      ema
      (Kim et al., 2010)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Ras85D
      enhanceable
      Vps16A
      (Chi et al., 2010)
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3R
      Recombination map

      3-48

      Cytogenetic map
      85D7-85D7
      Sequence location
      3R:9,267,019..9,270,224 [+]
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      85D7-85D7
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Aats-trp03559 and P{lacW}l(3)L4092L4092
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      3-48

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      3-46.0

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      3-49.7

      (Arvelighetsinstitutten, University)

      3-[47.5]

      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (5)
      Genomic Clones (17)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (11)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           

          polyclonal

          (Pulipparacharuvil et al., 2005)
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Other Information
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: Vps16A CG8454

          (Akbar et al., 2005)
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: Vps16A Vps16

          (FlyBase, 1996-)

          Source for merge of: Vps16A ma

          (Grant et al., 2016)
          Additional comments

          FlyBase curator comment: source for merge of Vps16 with Vps16A was comparison of the description of "Vps16" as being next to "Aats-trp" in FBrf0126862 with the region of the genome surrounding Aats-trp.

          (FlyBase, 1996-)

          "ma49" may be allelic with "je1" (mutation stated to be lost), which appeared in the same stock several years earlier.

          (Arvelighetsinstitutten, University)
          Other Comments
          Origin and Etymology
          Discoverer

          Bridges, 13th March 1912.

          Etymology
          Identification
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 15 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (12)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          References (70)