FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\eIF2α
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\eIF2α
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha
Annotation Symbol
CG9946
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0290109
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
15 publicly available
Gene Summary
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2α) encodes one of three subunits of the eIF-2 complex required for the initiation of translation. eIF2α is classified as a 'Minute' gene as heterozygous mutants exhibit a slower developmental rate and small adult bristles. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

eIF-2alpha, eIF-2α, eIF2a, elF2α, M(1)8e3-10

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
14C6-14C6
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-53
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:16445176..16446993
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables translation initiation factor activity
inferred from genetic interaction with SGD:S000001734
(Williams et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ribosome binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000063907
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables RNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011488, InterPro:IPR044126
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables translation initiation factor activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:3265
(Qu and Cavener, 1994)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000003767
(Qu and Cavener, 1994)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Lasko, 2000)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000001734
(Williams et al., 2001)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000063907
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011488
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in translational initiation
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000001734
(Williams et al., 2001)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:3265
(Qu and Cavener, 1994)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000003767
(Qu and Cavener, 1994)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000063907
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Lasko, 2000)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Lasko, 2000)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:3265
(Qu and Cavener, 1994)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000003767
(Qu and Cavener, 1994)
part_of eukaryotic 48S preinitiation complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000063908
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P20459
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000063908
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Lasko, 2000)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:3265
(Qu and Cavener, 1994)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000003767
(Qu and Cavener, 1994)
part_of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000001734
(Williams et al., 2001)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the eIF-2-alpha family. (P41374)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2α) encodes one of three subunits of the eIF-2 complex required for the initiation of translation. eIF2α is classified as a 'Minute' gene as heterozygous mutants exhibit a slower developmental rate and small adult bristles. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
CYTOPLASMIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTORS -
Cytoplasmic (or eukaryotic) translation initiation factors function in the initiation stage of ribosome-mediated translation in the cytoplasm. (Adapted from FBrf0233552 and PMID:20094052).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
eIF-2 functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA. This pre-initiation complex mediates ribosomal recognition of a start codon during the scanning process of the leader region.
(UniProt, P41374)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
M(1)14C
Moderate Minute.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

mediates the binding of tRNAiMet to the ribosome in a GTP-dependent manner - eIF2 is a heterotrimer consisting of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit - activation of the integrated stress response signaling includes endoplasmic reticulum stress, and amino acid deprivation, sensed by specialized kinases PERK and GCN2 that converge on phosphorylation of eIF2α

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\eIF2α for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P41374)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
eIF2α-RA
FBtr0074300
NM_132902
1200
341
eIF2α-RB
FBtr0343016
NM_001298400
1519
341
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

1.350 (northern blot)

(Qu and Cavener, 1994)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
eIF2α-PA
FBpp0074075
38.6
341
4.59
P41374
NP_573130
AAF48615
eIF2α-PB
FBpp0309768
38.6
341
4.59
P41374
NP_001285329
AHN59799
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

341 aa isoforms: eIF2α-PA, eIF2α-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

341 (aa)

(Qu and Cavener, 1994)
Comments

eIF-2α protein is phosphorylated by Gcn2 protein.

(Santoyo et al., 1997)
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 eIF2 is a heterotrimeric complex composed of an alpha, a beta and a gamma subunit.

(UniProt, P41374)
Post Translational Modification

Phosphorylation of eIF-2-alpha impairs the recycling of eIF-2 between successive rounds of initiation and thus leads to inhibition of translation.

(UniProt, P41374)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\eIF2α using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.02

Transcript Expression
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage & larval stage
(Qu and Cavener, 1994)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | female
ovary
(Pisa et al., 2009)
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\eIF2α in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 19 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of eIF2α
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of eIF2α
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 12 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\EIF2S1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Eif2s1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Eif2s1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\eif2s1
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\LOC100491668
4 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\sult6b1.2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\eif2s1a
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\eif2s1b
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\eif-2alpha
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011190
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)
Atha\AT2G40290
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\EIF2 ALPHA
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\SUI2
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\tif211
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:eIF2α. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha
14 of 14
603907
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Other Interaction Browsers
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
      Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 eIF2 is a heterotrimeric complex composed of an alpha, a beta and a gamma subunit.
      (UniProt, P41374 )
      Linkouts
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      X
      Recombination map
      1-53
      Cytogenetic map
      14C6-14C6
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      14C6-14C6
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1547EP1547 and P{EP}CG4928EP1341; Left limit from inclusion within Tp(1;2)r+75c (FBrf0045066) Right limit from non-inclusion within Df(1)r-D1 (FBrf0045066)
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      14C3-14C8
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Peter et al., 2002, Schäfer et al., 1999.6.15)
      14C8-14D1
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Cavener, 1998.7.17)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      1-53

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      1-54.7

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      (Schalet, 1986)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (15)
      Genomic Clones (14)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (58)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        monoclonal

        (Na et al., 2016)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene results in aberrantly short, monopolar spindles when assayed in S2 cells. This phenotype can be observed when the screen is performed with or without Cdc27 dsRNA.

            (Goshima et al., 2007)

            Minute gene.

            (Marygold et al., 2007)

            eIF-2α protein from both control and heat shocked cells has been purified and characterised.

            (Duncan et al., 1995)

            eIF-2α has been isolated and characterised.

            (Qu and Cavener, 1994)

            eIF-2α nucleotide sequence displays a high degree of similarity with the human and yeast homologs. eIF-2α mRNA displays quasi-constitutive expression.

            (Ye et al., 1992)

            eIF-2α mRNA displays quasi-constitutive expression.

            One of a class of genes (see MIN record) that when present in one, rather than two, copies, produce a characteristic phenotype consisting of short slender bristles and delayed development.

            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of

            Source for merge of: eIF-2α M(1)14C

            (Marygold et al., 2007)

            Source for merge of: eIF2α l(1)G0272

            (Penney et al., 2012)
            Additional comments

            "l(1)G0272" may affect "eIF-2α".

            (Peter et al., 2002)
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of

            Source for identity of: eIF2α eIF-2α

            (Marygold et al., 2017)
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (36)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            CG9946
            (Vasudevan et al., 2020, Kolkhof et al., 2017, Marygold et al., 2017, Na et al., 2016, Hosono et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2013, Chen et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Kim et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Pisa et al., 2009, Hughes et al., 2008, Goshima et al., 2007, Pile et al., 2003, Lasko, 2000)
            EIF-2α
            (Fukuyama et al., 2013)
            EIF2α
            (Malik et al., 2023, Linsalata et al., 2019)
            Eif2α
            Elf
            (Hsu and Drummond-Barbosa, 2017)
            IF2A_DROME
            (Storm and Sonnhammer, 2003)
            M(1)14C
            (Marygold et al., 2007)
            M(1)19-153
            M(1)8e3-10
            (Stanewsky et al., 1993)
            P-eIF2α
            (Hebbar et al., 2015)
            deIF2α
            (Gareau et al., 2013, Garrey et al., 2010)
            eIF-2
            (Goshima et al., 2007, Zapata et al., 1991)
            eIF-2 a
            (Peter et al., 2002)
            eIF-2 alpha
            (McNaughton et al., 2000)
            eIF-2 α
            (Sopko et al., 2015)
            eIF-2alpha
            (Sapiro et al., 2020, Na et al., 2016, Dent et al., 2015, Olesnicky et al., 2014, Czech et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Cook et al., 2012, Friedman et al., 2011, Kopp, 2009.5.20, Giot et al., 2003)
            eIF-2alphaeIF-2α
            (Schertel et al., 2013)
            eIF-2α
            (Kim et al., 2014, Lindquist et al., 2011, Matta et al., 2011, Pisa et al., 2009, Marygold et al., 2007, Stuart et al., 2007)
            eIF2 alpha
            (Ryoo and Steller, 2007)
            eIF2-alpha
            (Lindquist et al., 2011)
            eIF2-α
            (Andersen and Leevers, 2007)
            eIF2a
            (Vandehoef et al., 2020, Moehlman et al., 2018, Lindsay et al., 2008)
            eIF2alpha
            (Vasudevan et al., 2020, Takahashi et al., 2018, Ryoo, 2015, Gareau et al., 2013)
            eIF2α
            (Fan et al., 2024, Nagata and Igaki, 2024, Bujdoso et al., 2023, Curnutte et al., 2023, Granat et al., 2023, Kiparaki and Baker, 2023, Lewis et al., 2023, Xue et al., 2023, Baumgartner et al., 2022, Ding et al., 2022, Kumar and Baker, 2022, Murari et al., 2022, Myers et al., 2022, Okuda et al., 2022, Surya and Sarinay-Cenik, 2022, Vasudevan et al., 2022, Bonfini et al., 2021, Joy et al., 2021, Kim et al., 2021, Layalle et al., 2021, Recasens-Alvarez et al., 2021, Yu and Hyun, 2021, Zhao et al., 2021, Chittoor-Vinod et al., 2020, Thackray et al., 2020, Warsaba et al., 2020, Linsalata et al., 2019, Napoli et al., 2019, Şentürk et al., 2019, Cara et al., 2018, Palu and Chow, 2018, Brown et al., 2017, Lei et al., 2017, Marygold et al., 2017, Rojas-Benitez et al., 2015, Satoh et al., 2015, Wang et al., 2015, Bjordal et al., 2014, Katz et al., 2014, Kim et al., 2014, Gareau et al., 2013, Maor et al., 2013, Moore et al., 2013, Nagy et al., 2013, Chakrabarti et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2012, Mounir et al., 2011, Carra et al., 2010, Farny et al., 2009, Haecker et al., 2008, Ryoo and Steller, 2007, Pomar et al., 2003, Williams et al., 2001, Lasko, 2000)
            eiF-2α
            (Kim et al., 2010)
            elF2α
            (Sanchez-Alvarez et al., 2015, Ye et al., 1992)
            l(1)14Cf
            (Banga, 1996.5.2, Banga et al., 1995)
            l(1)19-153
            (Banga, 1996.5.2, Banga et al., 1995)
            l(1)G0272
            Name Synonyms
            Eukaryotic initiation factor 2α
            Minute (1) 14C
            eIF-2alpha
            (Cammarato et al., 2011)
            eIF-2α
            eukaryotic translation Initiation Factor 2
            (Mounir et al., 2011)
            eukaryotic translation Initiation Factor 2α
            (Fukuyama et al., 2013)
            eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha
            eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α
            (Pisa et al., 2009)
            lethal (1) G0272
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0004925
            • FBgn0024971
            • FBgn0002589
            • FBgn0261609
            • FBgn0027240
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 30 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
            References (172)