This report describes general characteristics of the group of diseases classified as cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegic (CPSQ). CPSQ is a genetically heterogeneous disorder, with multiple genes and mapped loci. A comprehensive list of subtypes, as defined by OMIM, can be found by following the link in the "OMIM phenotypic series" section, below. For descriptions of work done in flies, follow links in the table below.
[updated Oct. 2017 by FlyBase; FBrf0222196]
Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type of cerebral palsy. Spasticity is a form of hypertonia, or increased muscle tone, resulting in stiff muscles which can make movement difficult or impossible (https://www.cerebralpalsy.org.au/what-is-cerebral-palsy/types-of-cerebral-palsy/spastic-cerebral-palsy/).
Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined as a nonprogressive but not unchanging disorder of posture or movement, caused by an abnormality of the brain and first evident at the stage of rapid brain development (Hughes and Newton, 1992; pubmed:1544520). The most common forms result from factors surrounding difficulties before or at birth, such as severe perinatal asphyxia, congenital infection, prematurity, and multiple pregnancy (Blair and Stanley, 1988, pubmed:3351675; Stanley, 1994, pubmed:8200323). More rarely, familial clustering or absence of pre- or postpartum events indicate that there are genetic forms of the disorder (Lynex et al., 2004; pubmed:15571623). [from MIM:603513; 2017.1003]
Cerebral palsy can be classified according to the type of movement disorder: spastic cerebral palsy accounts for approximately 60% of cases and can be subdivided into hemiplegic, diplegic, quadriplegic, and monoplegic types (Gustavson et al., 1969; pubmed:5824822). [from MIM:603513; 2017.1003]
