Reference Report

Reference
Citation	Martinek, S., Inonog, S., Manoukian, A.S., Young, M.W. (2001). A role for the segment polarity gene shaggy/GSK-3 in the Drosophila circadian clock. Cell 105(6): 769--779. (Export to RIS)
FlyBase ID	FBrf0136819
Publication Type	Research paper
PubMed ID	11440719
PubMed Abstract	Tissue-specific overexpression of the glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) ortholog shaggy (sgg) shortens the period of the Drosophila circadian locomotor activity cycle. The short period phenotype was attributed to premature nuclear translocation of the PERIOD/TIMELESS heterodimer. Reducing SGG/GSK-3 activity lengthens period, demonstrating an intrinsic role for the kinase in circadian rhythmicity. Lowered sgg activity decreased TIMELESS phosphorylation, and it was found that GSK-3 beta specifically phosphorylates TIMELESS in vitro. Overexpression of sgg in vivo converts hypophosphorylated TIMELESS to a hyperphosphorylated protein whose electrophoretic mobility, and light and phosphatase sensitivity, are indistinguishable from the rhythmically produced hyperphosphorylated TIMELESS of wild-type flies. Our results indicate a role for SGG/GSK-3 in TIMELESS phosphorylation and in the regulated nuclear translocation of the PERIOD/TIMELESS heterodimer.
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Language of Publication	English
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Publication Type	Journal
Abbreviation	Cell
Title	Cell
Publication Year	1974-
ISBN/ISSN	0092-8674
Data from Reference
Alleles (10)
	per⁰¹ per^{SG.T:Ecol\lacZ} Scer\GAL4^tim.PE Scer\GAL4^tim.Scer\UAS sgg³² sgg^EP1576 sgg^hs.P sgg^M11 sgg^Scer\UAS.cBa tim^Scer\UAS.cYa
Constructs (3)
	P{hs-sgg.P} P{per-lacZ.SG} P{UAS-tim.Y}
Genes (5)
	per Scer\GAL4 sgg T:Ecol\lacZ tim
Insertions (1)
	P{EP}sgg^EP1576