Reference Report

Reference
Citation	Tulin, A., Stewart, D., Spradling, A.C. (2002). The Drosophila heterochromatic gene encoding poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is required to modulate chromatin structure during development. Genes Dev. 16(16): 2108--2119. (Export to RIS)
FlyBase ID	FBrf0151719
Publication Type	Research paper
PubMed ID	12183365
PubMed Abstract	Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a major NAD-dependent modifying enzyme that mediates important steps in DNA repair, transcription, and apoptosis, but its role during development is poorly understood. We found that a single Drosophila Parp gene spans more than 150 kb of transposon-rich centromeric heterochromatin and produces several differentially spliced transcripts, including a novel isoform, PARP-e, predicted to encode a protein lacking enzymatic activity. An insertion mutation near the upstream promoter for Parp-e disrupts all Parp expression. Heterochromatic but not euchromatic sequences become hypersensitive to micrococcal nuclease, nucleoli fail to form, and transcript levels of the copia retrotransposon are elevated more than 50-fold; the variegated expression of certain transgenes is dominantly enhanced. Larval lethality can be rescued and PARP activity restored by expressing a cDNA encoding PARP-e. We propose that PARP-e autoregulates Parp transcription by influencing the chromatin structure of its heterochromatic environment. Our results indicate that Parp plays a fundamental role organizing the structure of Drosophila chromatin.
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Language of Publication	English
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Publication Type	Journal
Abbreviation	Genes Dev.
Title	Genes & Development
Publication Year	1987-
ISBN/ISSN	0890-9369
Data from Reference
Aberrations (1)
	In(1)w^m4
Alleles (16)
	copia^{485-891.dsRNA} Parp^CH1 Parp^CH4 Parp^{dsRNA.GM10715} Parp^{dsRNA.LD02455} Parp^{e.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} Parp^e.Scer\UAS Parp^{I.Scer\UAS.T:Disc\RFP} Parp^I.Scer\UAS Scer\GAL4^69B Scer\GAL4^arm.PS Sir2^05327a Sir2^{Scer\UAS.T:Disc\RFP} T:Avic\GFP^EGFP Tim17b^{Scer\UAS.T:Disc\RFP} w^+mC
Constructs (7)
	P{GAL4-arm.S} P{UAS-Parp.e} P{UAS-Parp.e-EGFP} P{UAS-Parp.I} P{UAS-Parp.I-DsRed} P{UAS-Sir2-DsRed} P{UAS-Tim17b-DsRed}
Genes (14)
	Act5C osa Parp RpL32 Scer\GAL4 Sir2 Ste T:Avic\GFP T:Disc\RFP TAS Tim17b Tim23 TK w
Insertions (3)
	P{GawB}69B P{PZ}CH(3)4 P{PZ}Parp^CH1
Natural transposons (22)
	17.6 297 412 1360 1731 Bari1 copia Doc FB F-element flea GATE gypsy Idefix jockey mdg1 micropia Quasimodo R1-element roo S-element ZAM