Reference Report

Reference
Citation	Kambris, Z., Brun, S., Jang, I.H., Nam, H.J., Romeo, Y., Takahashi, K., Lee, W.J., Ueda, R., Lemaitre, B. (2006). Drosophila immunity: a large-scale in vivo RNAi screen identifies five serine proteases required for Toll activation. Curr. Biol. 16(8): 808--813. (Export to RIS)
FlyBase ID	FBrf0190023
Publication Type	Research paper
PubMed ID	16631589
PubMed Abstract	Unlike mammalian Toll-like Receptors, the Drosophila Toll receptor does not interact directly with microbial determinants but is rather activated upon binding a cleaved form of the cytokine-like molecule Spatzle (Spz). During the immune response, Spz is thought to be processed by secreted serine proteases (SPs) present in the hemolymph that are activated by the recognition of gram-positive bacteria or fungi . In the present study, we have used an in vivo RNAi strategy to inactivate 75 distinct Drosophila SP genes. We then screened this collection for SPs regulating the activation of the Toll pathway by gram-positive bacteria. Here, we report the identification of five novel SPs that function in an extracellular pathway linking the recognition proteins GNBP1 and PGRP-SA to Spz. Interestingly, four of these genes are also required for Toll activation by fungi, while one is specifically associated with signaling in response to gram-positive bacterial infections. These results demonstrate the existence of a common cascade of SPs upstream of Spz, integrating signals sent by various secreted recognition molecules via more specialized SPs.
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.020
Related Publication(s)
Supplementary material	Document S1. Two Figures and Supplemental Experimental Procedures. [FBrf0199186]
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Secondary IDs
Language of Publication	English
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Publication Type	Journal
Abbreviation	Curr. Biol.
Title	Current Biology
Publication Year	1991-
ISBN/ISSN	0960-9822
Data from Reference
Alleles (19)
	CG6639^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} Dif^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} Ecol\lacZ^Drs.PM Fadd^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS} GNBP1^Scer\UAS.cGa grass^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} nec^{dsRNA.L.Scer\UAS} PGRP-SA^Scer\UAS.cMa psh^Scer\UAS.cLa Rel^E20 Scer\GAL4^c564 Scer\GAL4^da.G32 SPE^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} spheroide^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} sphinx1^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} sphinx2^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} spirit^{dsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS} spz⁴ spz^act.Scer\UAS
Constructs (15)
	P{drom-lacZ} P{GAL4-da.G32} P{UAS-BG4-dsRNA} P{UAS-CG6639.IR} P{UAS-Dif.IR} P{UAS-GNBP1.G} P{UAS-grass.IR} P{UAS-nec.L-dsRNA} P{UAS-PGRP-SA.N} P{UAS-psh.L} P{UAS-spe.IR} P{UAS-spheroide.IR} P{UAS-sphinx1.IR} P{UAS-spirit.IR} P{UAS-spz.act}
Genes (21)
	CG6639 Dif Drs Ecol\lacZ Fadd GNBP1 grass Jon25Bi nec PGRP-SA psh Rel Scer\GAL4 SPE spheroide sphinx1 sphinx2 spirit spz Tl yip7
Insertions (1)
	P{GawB}c564
Natural transposons (1)
	P-element