Reference Report

Reference
Citation	Chetverina, D., Savitskaya, E., Maksimenko, O., Melnikova, L., Zaytseva, O., Parshikov, A., Galkin, A.V., Georgiev, P. (2008). Red flag on the white reporter: a versatile insulator abuts the white gene in Drosophila and is omnipresent in mini-white constructs. Nucleic Acids Res. 36(3): 929--937. (Export to RIS)
FlyBase ID	FBrf0204394
Publication Type	Research paper
PubMed ID	18086699
PubMed Abstract	Much of the research on insulators in Drosophila has been done with transgenic constructs using the white gene (mini-white) as reporter. Hereby we report that the sequence between the white and CG32795 genes in Drosophila melanogaster contains an insulator of a novel kind. Its functional core is within a 368 bp segment almost contiguous to the white 3'UTR, hence we name it as Wari (white-abutting resident insulator). Though Wari contains no binding sites for known insulator proteins and does not require Su(Hw) or Mod(mdg4) for its activity, it can equally well interact with another copy of Wari and with unrelated Su(Hw)-dependent insulators, gypsy or 1A2. In its natural downstream position, Wari reinforces enhancer blocking by any of the three insulators placed between the enhancer and the promoter; again, Wari-Wari, Wari-gypsy or 1A2-Wari pairing results in mutual neutralization (insulator bypass) when they precede the promoter. The distressing issue is that this element hides in all mini-white constructs employed worldwide to study various insulators and other regulatory elements as well as long-range genomic interactions, and its versatile effects could have seriously influenced the results and conclusions of many works.
DOI	10.1093/nar/gkm992
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Secondary IDs
Language of Publication	English
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Parent Publication
Publication Type	Journal
Abbreviation	Nucleic Acids Res.
Title	Nucleic Acids Research
Publication Year	1974-
ISBN/ISSN	0305-1048
Data from Reference
Alleles (53)
	su(Hw)² su(Hw)^V w^825bp.WEB w^eEye.PC w^{P1\loxP.825bp.WEB} w^{P1\loxP.Scer\FRT.825bp.WEB} w^{P1\loxP.WB.Wari.Gy} w^{P1\loxP.WEB.825bp} w^{P1\loxP.WEB.Wari.1A2} w^{P1\loxP.WEB.Wari.cCa} w^{P1\loxP.WEB.Wari.cCb} w^{P1\loxP.WEB.Wari.Wari} w^{Scer\FRT.eEye.825bp} w^Scer\FRT.Gy w^{Scer\FRT.P1\loxP.WEB.1A2.Wari} w^{Scer\FRT.P1\loxP.WEB.Wari.Gy} w^{Scer\FRT.P1\loxP.WEB.Wari.Wari} w^{Scer\FRT.WEB.1A2} w^{Scer\FRT.WEB.Wari.cCa} w^{Scer\FRT.WEB.Wari.cCb} w^Scer\FRT.WEB w^{Scer\SCEI.Scer\FRT.P1\loxP.WEB.Gy.Wari} w^{Scer\SCEI.Scer\FRT.WEB.Gy} w^WEB.1A2 w^WEB.825bp w^WEB.cCa w^WEB.cCb w^WEB.Wari.cCa y^825bp.WEB y^eEye.PC y^{P1\loxP.825bp.WEB} y^{P1\loxP.Scer\FRT.825bp.WEB} y^{P1\loxP.WB.Wari.Gy} y^{P1\loxP.WEB.825bp} y^{P1\loxP.WEB.Wari.1A2} y^{P1\loxP.WEB.Wari.cCa} y^{P1\loxP.WEB.Wari.cCb} y^{P1\loxP.WEB.Wari.Wari} y^Scer\FRT.Gy y^{Scer\FRT.P1\loxP.WEB.1A2.Wari} y^{Scer\FRT.P1\loxP.WEB.Wari.Gy} y^{Scer\FRT.P1\loxP.WEB.Wari.Wari} y^{Scer\FRT.WEB.1A2} y^{Scer\FRT.WEB.Wari.cCa} y^{Scer\FRT.WEB.Wari.cCb} y^Scer\FRT.WEB y^{Scer\SCEI.Scer\FRT.P1\loxP.WEB.Gy.Wari} y^{Scer\SCEI.Scer\FRT.WEB.Gy} y^WEB.1A2 y^WEB.825bp y^WEB.cCa y^WEB.cCb y^WEB.Wari.cCa
Constructs (26)
	P{(I-SceI.WEB)(FRT.Gy)-y.w.(loxP.Wari)} P{(I-SceI.WEB)(FRT.Gy)-y.w.(-loxP} P{(-I-SceI)(FRT.Gy)-y.w.(-loxP} P{(loxP.825bp)(FRT.WEB)y.w} P{(loxP.825bp)(-FRT)y.w} P{(-loxP)(FRT.WEB)y.w} P{(-loxP)(-FRT)y.w} P{eEye(FRT.825bp)-w} P{eEye-w.C} P{W(FRT.E)B-y.w.Wari(loxP.Gy)} P{W(FRT.E)B-y.w.Wari(-loxP)} P{W(-FRT)B-y.w.Wari(loxP.Gy)} P{WEB825bp-y.w} P{WEB(FRT.1A2)-y.w.(loxP.Wari)} P{WEB(FRT.1A2)-y.w.(-loxP)} P{WEB(FRT.Wari)-y.w.(loxP.Wari)} P{WEB(FRT.Wari)-y.w.(-loxP)} P{WEB(-FRT)-y.w.(loxP.Wari).1} P{WEB(-FRT)-y.w.(loxP.Wari).2} P{WEB(-FRT)-y.w.(-loxP)} P{WEB(loxP.825bp)-y.w} P{WEB(-loxP)-y.w} P{WEB-y.w.1A2(loxP.Wari)} P{WEB-y.w.1A2} P{WEB-y.w.Wari.(loxP.Wari)} P{WEB-y.w.Wari.(-loxP}
Genes (6)
	CG32795 CTCF mod(mdg4) su(Hw) w y
Natural transposons (2)
	gypsy P-element
Sequence features (1)
	Wari