Reference Report

Reference
Citation	Kessler, T., Müller, H.A. (2009). Cleavage of Armadillo/beta-catenin by the caspase DrICE in Drosophila apoptotic epithelial cells. BMC Dev. Biol. 9(): 15. (Export to RIS)
FlyBase ID	FBrf0207499
Publication Type	Research paper
PubMed ID	19232093
PubMed Abstract	During apoptosis cells become profoundly restructured through concerted cleavage of cellular proteins by caspases. In epithelial tissues, apoptotic cells loose their apical/basal polarity and are extruded from the epithelium. We used the Drosophila embryo as a system to investigate the regulation of components of the zonula adherens during apoptosis. Since Armadillo/beta-catenin (Arm) is a major regulator of cadherin-mediated adhesion, we analyzed the mechanisms of Arm proteolysis in apoptosis.We define early and late apoptotic stages and find that early in apoptosis Dalpha-catenin remains relatively stable, while Arm and DE-cadherin protein levels are strongly reduced. Arm is cleaved by caspases in embryo extracts and we provide evidence that the caspase-3 homolog drICE cleaves Arm in vitro and in vivo. Cleavage by drICE creates a stable protein fragment that remains associated with the plasma membrane early in apoptosis. To further understand the role of caspase-mediated cleavage of Arm, we examined potential caspase cleavage sites and found that drICE cleaves Arm at a unique DQVD motif in the N-terminal domain of the protein. Mutation of the drICE cleavage site in Arm results in a protein that is not cleaved in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore we provide evidence that cleavage of Arm plays a role in the removal of DE-cadherin from the plasma membrane during apoptosis.This study defines the specificity of caspase cleavage of Arm in Drosophila apoptotic cells. Our data suggest that N-terminal truncation of Arm by caspases is evolutionarily conserved and thus might provide a principal mechanism involved in the disassembly of adherens junctions during apoptosis.
DOI	10.1186/1471-213X-9-15
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Language of Publication	English
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Publication Type	Journal
Abbreviation	BMC Dev. Biol.
Title	BMC Developmental Biology
Publication Year	2002
ISBN/ISSN	1471-213X
Data from Reference
Alleles (7)
	arm⁴ arm^{D88A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG} arm^Scer\UAS.cKa arm^{ΔN-88.Scer\UAS} Scer\GAL4^arm.PS Scer\GAL4^{mat.αTub67C.T:Hsim\VP16} th^109.07
Constructs (5)
	P{GAL4-arm.S} P{matα4-GAL-VP16} P{UAS-arm.D88A} P{UAS-arm.K} P{UAS-arm.ΔN-88}
Genes (12)
	arm baz Dcp-1 decay Ice Lam Nrt Scer\GAL4 shg T:Zzzz\FLAG th α-Cat
Natural transposons (1)
	P-element