Dmau\mariner

General Information
Symbol	Dmau\mariner	Species	D.mauritiana
Name	mariner element	FlyBase ID	FBte0000102
Feature type	natural transposable element	Created / Updated	2006-12-04/2006-12-04
Sequences & Components
Complete element (bp)	1286
Terminal repeat (bp)	28
Reference sequence	transposon_sequence_set.embl.txt.gz
Component genes	Dmau\mariner\T
Sequence Accessions
	DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank X89926 X89925 X89924 X89923 X78906 M14653 L10454 L10453 L10452 L10451 L10450 L10449 CQ876948
Sequence Ontology (SO)
Transposon type	terminal_inverted_repeat_element transposable_element
Insertions & Copy Number
Copy number and comments	20 [mauritiana]
Search for	All insertions of this transposon Insertions in the sequenced genome Insertions in other genomes
Target Site Duplication
Size (bp)	2
Orthologs
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dgre\mariner Dmoi\mariner Camo\mariner Dlit\mariner Dpsa\mariner Dser\mariner Dqua\mariner Dseg\mariner Zorn\mariner (Biemont and Cizeron, 1999) Dmim\mariner Dstu\mariner Ddos\mariner Dbak\mariner Dlet\mariner Dtei\mariner Datr\mariner Dnik\mariner Dpuc\mariner Zspi\mariner (Biemont and Cizeron, 1999) Ddav\mariner Dsus\mariner Dbii\mariner Dazt\mariner Dpee\mariner Dpbp\mariner (Biemont and Cizeron, 1999) Dvir\mariner Dkit\mariner Dmal\mariner Dmat\mariner Dpst\mariner Daff\mariner Dmil\mariner Derc\mariner Ztub\mariner Dtak\mariner Dkik\mariner Dyak\mariner Dbar\mariner Dtsa\mariner Dfim\mariner Dbip\mariner Docg\mariner Dbif\mariner Draj\mariner (Arca and Savakis, 2000) Dpse\mariner Dgua\mariner Dsub\mariner Dsec\mariner Dsim\mariner Zver\mariner Dluc\mariner Dlut\mariner Dobs\mariner Dval\mariner Dbio\mariner Dere\mariner Dvar\mariner Dfic\mariner Zind\mariner Ddip\mariner Dana\mariner Zvit\mariner (Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
Comments
	Homolog-dependent gap repair is a frequent accompaniment to Dmau\mariner excision, estimated at 30% of all excision events. Dmau\mariner insertions are hotspots for recombination in Drosophila females, but only in the presence of functional transposase. (Lohe et al., 2000) A modified Dmau\mariner element marked with a wild-type allele of cn is capable of mediating germ-line transformation of A.aegypti. (Coates et al., 1998) Dmau\mariner can stably integrate into the zebrafish genome, by transposition induced by Dmau\mariner\T transposase. (Fadool et al., 1998) Comparison of integrase/transposase domains to new elements containing the DDE signature. (Capy et al., 1997) Dmau\mariner is successfully introduced into the human parasite Leishmania major. Transposition is efficient and proceeded by the same mechanism as in Drosophila. Insertional activation of a gene is obtained establishing Dmau\mariner as a powerful genetic tool for Leishmania and other organisms. (Gueiros-Filho and Beverley, 1997) Dmau\mariner is capable of accurate transposition in the embryonic soma of D.melanogaster, L.cuprina and B.tryoni. Cloning of reporter genes into the element demonstrates the potential utility of the transposition assays for defining regions of the element that are important for accurate transposition. (Coates et al., 1997) The Dmau\mariner\T^Mos1 element of D.mauritiana is capable of generating chromosomal insertions into the genome of D.virilis. Copy number increases by spontaneous mobilization. Integration results in a characteristic 2bp TA duplication. One insertion resulted in a tandem array of 370bp repeats. Some insertions are apparently into heterochromatin. (Lohe and Hartl, 1996) Somatic genetic damage induced by movement of the Dmau\mariner element significantly decreases the life span of D.simulans but has no effect on the lifespan of D.melanogaster. (Nikitin and Woodruff, 1995) Dmau\mariner is capable of excision in the embryonic soma of the Australian sheep blowfly, L.cuprina and to a lesser extent in the Queensland fruitfly, B.tryoni. Analysis of the empty excision sites provides an insight into the mechanism of mariner movement. (Coates et al., 1995) Dmau\mariner is able to transform efficiently within a species only distantly related to D.melanogaster. (Lohe and Hartl, 1995) The distribution and abundance of mariner-like elements in the melanogaster species subgroups suggests that the predominant mode of evolution of mariner-like elements is stochastic loss and vertical inactivation, balanced against occasional reinvasion of lineages by horizontal transmission. (Lohe et al., 1995) Distribution of the mariner element among Drosophilidae species is investigated using three different techniques (squash blots, Southern blots and PCR amplification). Results demonstrate the distribution of mariner is not uniform and does not follow the phylogeny of the host species. Analysis of geographical distributions of the element shows it is mainly present in Asia and Africa. (Brunet et al., 1994) A vector for germline transformation of D.melanogaster has been constructed using the D.mauritiana mariner element. (Lidholm et al., 1993) Suspected relationship between Dmau\mariner and C.elegans Tc1 open reading frame is confirmed using BLOSUM matrices. (Henikoff and Henikoff, 1992) Population biology and molecular evolution of the mariner element in the eight species of the melanogaster subgroup of the Drosophila subgenus Sophophora has been studied. The element occurs in D.simulans, D.mauritiana, D.sechellia, D.teissieri and D.yakuba, but not D.melanogaster, D.erecta or D.orena. Sequence comparisons suggest that the element was present in the ancestor of the species subgroup and was lost in some of the lineages. Most species that contain active elements also contain inactive elements. (Capy et al., 1992) The Ztub\mariner sequence has 97% identity to Dmau\mariner and the mariner sequence from Dmau\mariner has 92% identity to Dtsa\mariner. D.tsacasi is more related to D.mauritiana than Z.tuberculatus so the presence of the mariner sequence in Zaprionus may result from horizontal transfer. (Maruyama and Hartl, 1991) D.mauritiana has 20-30 copies of Dmau\mariner per genome, great variation in the genomic positions of the elements, and few deleted copies. (Maruyama and Hartl, 1991) The distribution of the mariner transposable element in the genus Drosophila has been examined. Sequences hybridising to Dmau\mariner are present in D.mauritiana, D.simulans, D.sechellia, D.yakuba and D.teissieri, but not D.melanogaster, D.erecta and D.orena. (Maruyama and Hartl, 1991) Dmau\mariner has been cloned and sequenced. (Medhora et al., 1991) Dmau\mariner element excision is imprecise both in the germline and soma. (Bryan et al., 1990) First identified by a somatically and germ-line unstable mutation at white in D.mauritiana. Used as a transformation vector for D.melanogaster.
Other Information
Etymology
	"mariner" was not, as usually conjectured, named after Samuel Taylor Coleridge's 1798 poem "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner", although the eponymy is apt, but in honour of J.W. Jacobson's newborn daughter, Marin. (Hartl, 2001)
External Crossreferences
Sequence Crossreferences
	DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank X89926 X89925 X89924 X89923 X78906 M14653 L10454 L10453 L10452 L10451 L10450 L10449 CQ876948
Other Crossreferences

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 3 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Dmau\mariner Mariner (Auge-Gouillou et al., 2001)
Name Synonym	mariner element
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBtp0011477 FBgn0002651
References ( 88 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this natural transposable element ( 88 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 48 ) Supplementary material ( 1 ) Review ( 23 ) Personal communication to FlyBase ( 1 ) Abstract ( 8 ) FlyBase analysis ( 1 ) Letter ( 4 ) Book review ( 1 ) Patent ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 1 )
	Bischof et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104(9): 3312--3317 An optimized transgenesis system for Drosophila using germ-line-specific φC31 integrases. [FBrf0192974] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2006 Show reviews ...