A Database of Drosophila Genes & Genomes

FB2008_07, released August 8, 2008
 

Dmel\I-element

General Information
Symbol Dmel\I-element Species D.melanogaster
Name FlyBase ID FBte0000133
Feature type natural transposable element Created / Updated 2006-12-04/2006-12-04
hide Sequences & Components
Complete element (bp)
5371
(Kaminker et al., 2002)
to 5.4kb
 
Terminal repeat (bp)
Reference sequence transposon_sequence_set.embl.txt.gz
Component genes
I-element\gag
 
I-element\RTase
 
hide Sequence Accessions
DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank
 
hide Sequence Ontology (SO)
Transposon type
non_LTR_retrotransposon
(Kaminker et al., 2002, )
transposable_element
(Kaminker et al., 2002, )
hide Insertions & Copy Number
Copy number
and comments
28 in euchromatin of Release 3 genome annotation, of which 8 are full length.
(Kaminker et al., 2002)
0-10 complete elements plus about 30 incomplete elements (Bucheton et al.).
 
Search for
Target Site Duplication
Size (bp)
12, variable
 
hide Orthologs
Curated drosophilid orthologs
 
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
 
(Sezutsu et al., 1995)
(Sezutsu et al., 1995)
(Sezutsu et al., 1995)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
hide Comments
The repressor effect of I-element\gag is maternally transmitted and increases with the transgene copy number. It is irrespective of either frame integrity or transcriptional orientation of the ORF, suggesting the involvement of a homology-dependent trans-silencing mechanism.
(Malinsky et al., 2000)
Regulation of I-element transposition in ovaries operates at different levels, including the positive and negative regulation of RNA levels, and negative regulation downstream of I-element RNA.
(de la Roche Saint Andre and Bregliano, 1998)
Used in an investigation to address the relationship between retrotransposons and retroviruses and the coadaptation of these retroelements to their host genomes. Results indicate retrotransposons are heterogeneous in contrast to retroviruses, suggesting different modes of evolution by slippage-like mechanisms.
(Terzian et al., 1997)
No transposition was detected in progeny after heat shock of parents.
(Arnault et al., 1997)
Changes introduced in the promoter regions of distinct LINEs allows transcriptional activators to stimulate cryptic Inr modules. The response of different promoter constructs to the same enhancer is significantly influenced by the number, position and type of core elements present.
(Minchiotti and Di Nocera, 1997)
I-elements transpose with high frequency into pericentric regions of chromosome 2 and may play a role in the evolution of constitutive heterochromatin.
(Dimitri et al., 1997)
F-element, I-element and Doc basal promoters share the same architecture and functional organisation.
(Minchiotti et al., 1997)
Study of TE distribution (P-element, hobo, I-element, copia, mdg1, mdg3, 412, 297 and roo) along chromosome arms shows no global tendency for the TE site occupancy frequency to negatively follow the recombination rate, except for the 3L arm. The tendency for TE insertion number to increase from base to tip of some chromosome arms is simply explicable by a positive relationship with DNA content along the chromosomes. So for all TEs, except hobo, there is no relationship between distribution of TE insertion numbers weighted by DNA content and recombination rate. hobo insertion site number is positively correlated with recombination rate.
(Hoogland and Biemont, 1996)
An enhancer that stimulates gene expression in ovarian nurse cells lies between nucleotides 41 and 186. Nucleotides 138-157 are recognised by a sequence specific binding factors present in nuclear extracts of several tissues including ovaries. These bases are required for full promoter activity and for enhanced expression in ovaries.
(Udomkit et al., 1996)
One of a class of genes with TATA-less promoters that have the conserved DPE sequence.
(Burke and Kadonaga, 1996)
Dsec\I-element and Dmau\I-element are more closely related to the chromosomal I-elements of D.melanogaster than to those in any species. No sequence difference is observed between 2 chromosomal I-elements from D.melanogaster and one from D.simulans. This supports the idea that defective chromocentral I-elements of D.melanogaster originated before the species diverged and the chromosomal I-elements were eliminated. Chromosomal I-elements recently reinvaded natural populations of D.melanogaster, possibly by horizontal transfer from D.simulans.
(Sezutsu et al., 1995)
Transposition frequency of I-elements is regulated by the reactivity of the mother, this reactivity is a cellular state maternally inherited but chromosomally determined. For identical genotypes the reactivity levels correlate with the sensitivity of oogenesis to γ rays. This strongly supports the proposal that the reactivity level is one manifestation of an inducible DNA repair system taking place in the female germ line.
(Laurencon and Bregliano, 1995)
Defective I-elements introduced as single copy transgenes can act as regulators of reactivity an suggest that some of the ancestral defective pericentromeric I-elements that can be found in all reactive strains could be the molecular determinants of reactivity.
(Jensen et al., 1995)
Transposition frequency of I-elements is regulated by the reactivity of the mother, this reactivity is a cellular state maternally inherited but chromosomally determined. It is proposed that this reactivity level is one manifestation of an inducible repair-recombination system whose biological role might be analogous to the SOS response in bacteria. Inhibitors of DNA synthesis and γ rays enhance the reactivity level in a very similar way, this enhancement is heritable, cumulative and reversible.
(Bregliano et al., 1995)
The chromosomal distribution of a number of retrotransposons in an isolated population of D.melanogaster (from Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan) has been determined.
(Suh et al., 1995)
The heterochromatic genes of chromosome 2 are highly mutable in I-R dysgenesis. I-element transpositions can generate heterochromatic deletions spanning 3-4 Mb of DNA.
(Mei and Dimitri, 1995)
Defective I elements introduced as single copy transgenes can act as regulators of reactivity. Some of the ancestral pericentromeric defective I elements found in all reactive strains may be the molecular determinants of reactivity.
(Jensen et al., 1995)
The distribution of I-elements in heterochromatin has been studied by in situ hybridisation to mitotic chromosomes.
(Carmena and Gonzalez, 1995)
The distribution of transposable elements within heterochromatin indicates that they are major structural components of the heterochromatin.
(Pimpinelli et al., 1995)
The distribution of a number of transposable elements has been studied in 10 Harwich mutation accumulation lines.
(Nuzhdin and Mackay, 1995)
I-element transposition occurs as a meiotic event between stage 2 and 10 of oogenesis and is regulated at the transcriptional level.
(Tatout et al., 1994)
I-element mediated rearrangements occur during I-element insertion or through ectopic recombination after the insertion.
(Lim and Simmons, 1994)
The I-element can induce target duplication as well as target deletion upon transposition.
(Jensen et al., 1994)
The feasibility of using the I-element as the tag in site-selected mutagenesis has been demonstrated.
(Milligan and Kaiser, 1993)
Reactivity of females decreases upon ageing and subjection to heat treatment and the level of reactivity positively regulates I-element expression. Therefore I-element expression is influenced by ageing and heat treatment.
(Lachaume and Pinon, 1993)
The I-element belongs to class of transposable element that transpose via an RNA intermediate, and are responsible for the IR system of hybrid dysgenesis. An I-element may be defective or active. Many Drosophila species contain both active and defective elements. It is suggested that active ones were lost from D.melanogaster before the spread of I-element throughout the world, and that the recent invasion of active elements results from spread either from another species or from an isolated population of D.melanogaster.
(Bucheton et al., 1992)
Stability of 11 transposable element families compared by Southern blotting among individuals of lines that had been subjected to 30 generations of sister sib matings. 412, roo, blood, 297, 1731 and G-element all appear stable, whereas copia, hobo, I-element, gypsy and jockey elements show instability.
(di Franco et al., 1992)
I-element transposition occurs as a meiotic event between stage 2 and 10 of oogenesis and is regulated at the transcriptional level.
(Lachaume et al., 1992)
Polymorphism of transposable elements in inbred lines has been examined: P-element, gypsy, jockey, I-element, mdg1, 412, mdg3 and 297 sites are largely stable, whereas roo and copia sites are polymorphic.
(Aleksandrova and Alexandrov, 1992)
A marked I-element has been used to show that the I-element transposes through an RNA intermediate.
(Jensen and Heidmann, 1991)
Transposition rates of mobile elements in lines AW and JH, in which spontaneous mutations have accumulated for about 400 generations, are studied. 412 and 17.6 elements rate of transposition is very low, I-element and hobo insertions occur much more frequently.
(Harada et al., 1990)
The rate of induced lethals in IR dysgenesis is not dependent on the inducer or reactive character of the chromosome but rather on interacting strains and the intensity of the I-R interaction.
(Prudhommeau and Proust, 1990)
Defective I-elements present in the pericentromeric heterochromatin contain many base pair substitutions as well as small and large insertions, deletions or duplications compared to active I-elements. These defective elements show an average of 94% sequence identity with each other and the transposable I-element. Both active and defective I-elements appear to have evolved from a common ancestor, and comparison with an active Dtei\I-element suggests that the defective heterochromatic I-elements may have become immobilised before the divergence of D.melanogaster and D.teissieri.
(Vaury et al., 1990)
The occurrence of I-type reactions in lines previously known to be R-type is examined and also if such transitions to I-type are restricted to weak R-type lines. In a few cases where R-type lines have branched into sublines, transitions occurred from R-type to I-type.
(Wu, 1990)
I-element transcription during I-R hybrid dysgenesis has been studied.
(Chaboissier et al., 1990)
I-elements are involved in chromosome rearrangements at the y locus.
(Busseau et al., 1989)
F-elements encode an open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a protein exhibiting extensive homology to the reverse transcriptase-like domain of the potential product of the I-element. This observation suggests F-elements and I-elements are closely related and presumably are mobilised within the genome by a similar mechanism.
(di Nocera and Casari, 1987)
A number of IR hybrid dysgenesis induced mutations have been studied to investigate the mechanism of IR hybrid dysgenesis.
(Pelisson, 1981)
First described by Bucheton et al. as insertions associated with w gene mutations induced by I-R hybrid dysgenesis. The base sequence of a complete I element has been determined by Fawcett et al. (1986) and the restriction map shown in Lindsley, Zimm, 1992 p. 1103 is based on this sequence. There are no sites for the enzymes BamHI, EcoRI, SacI, SalI, SmaI, or XhoI. Incomplete I elements that have recently inserted in the genome have deleted varying amounts from the 5' end of the sequence of a complete element (Busseau et al., 1989a). Incomplete elements that have been in the genome for a long time are located in pericentromeric regions and differ from complete elements by many base substitutions and internal or terminal deletions or both (Crozatier et al., 1988). Mutations induced by I-R hybrid dysgenesis include apparent point mutations due to insertion of I elements and chromosome rearrangements due to recombination between I elements (Sang et al., 1984; Busseau et al., 1989b).
 
hide Other Information
hide Etymology
hide External Crossreferences
Sequence Crossreferences
DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank
 
Other Crossreferences
hide Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 8 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym
I
(Fablet et al., 2007)
IDm
(Berezikov et al., 2000)
I-element
(Vagin et al., 2006, Lim and Kai, 2007, Smith, 2007, Brennecke et al., 2007)
I factor
(Van De Bor et al., 2005, Hartswood et al., 2005, Bartolome et al., 2002, Chambeyron et al., 2002, Malinsky et al., 2000, Chaboissier et al., 2000, Arca, 1997.2.14, Chaboissier et al., 1999, Aasland, 1999, Aasland, 1999, Chaboissier et al., 1998, de la Roche Saint Andre and Bregliano, 1998, Malinsky et al., 1998, Chaboissier et al., 1998, di Nocera et al., 1994, Pelisson et al., 1991, Arkhipova and Ilyin, 1991, Vaury et al., 1990, Chaboissier et al., 1990, Abad et al., 1989, Pelisson, 1981, Guibert et al., 2005, FlyBase, 1996-, Del Carmen Seleme et al., 2005)
I-factor
(Pritchard et al., 1988, Huijser et al., 1988)
I Factor
(Van De Bor et al., 2005)
Intensifier of Bar
(FlyBase, 1996-)
Name Synonym
I element
(Sezutsu et al., 1994, Terrinoni et al., 1997, Busseau et al., 1989)
I factor
(Gunawardane et al., 2007)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
  • FBgn0001249
  • FBtp0011439
hide References ( 174 )
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hide Recent research papers ( 6 )
Ceprani et al., 2008, BMC Genet. 9: 32
Autosomal mutations affecting Y chromosome loops in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0204958]
Brennecke et al., 2007, Cell 128(6): 1089--1103
Discrete small RNA-generating loci as master regulators of transposon activity in Drosophila. [FBrf0200494]
Lim and Kai, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104(16): 6714--6719
Unique germ-line organelle, nuage, functions to repress selfish genetic elements in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0200142]
Smith, 2007, Science 316(5831): 1586--1591
[FBrf0202564]
Jenny et al., 2006, Development 133(15): 2827--2833
A translation-independent role of oskar RNA in early Drosophila oogenesis. [FBrf0192546]
Vagin et al., 2006, Science 313(5785): 320--324
A distinct small RNA pathway silences selfish genetic elements in the germline. [FBrf0194520]
Show all research papers ...
hide Recent reviews ( 1 )
Fablet et al., 2007, Gene 390(1-2): 84--91
The evolution of retrotransposon regulatory regions and its consequences on the Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens host genomes. [FBrf0194872]
Show all reviews ...