Dsub\gypsy

General Information
Symbol	Dsub\gypsy	Species	D.subobscura
Name	gypsy element	FlyBase ID	FBte0000624
Feature type	natural transposable element
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Sequences & Components
Complete element (bp)
Terminal repeat (bp)
Reference sequence	transposon_sequence_set.embl.txt.gz
Component genes	Dsub\gypsy\env Dsub\gypsy\gag Dsub\gypsy\pol
Sequence Accessions
	DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank AJ308093 AJ308095 AJ416536 AJ416537 AJ416538 AJ416539 AJ416540 X04671 X63724 X72390
Sequence Ontology (SO)
Transposon type	LTR_retrotransposon (Terzian et al., 2001, García Guerreiro et al., 2008) transposable_element
Insertions & Copy Number
Copy number and comments
Search for	All insertions of this transposon Insertions in the sequenced genome Insertions in other genomes
Target Site Duplication
Size (bp)
Orthologs
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dmel\gypsy
Comments
	Dsub\gypsy elements lack functional env proteins due to frame-shifting mutations in this region, consequently these elements lack infective ability. This suggests Dsub\gypsy is a degenerate form of insect retrovirus. (Alberola et al., 1997) The nucleotide sequence of Dsub\gypsy is determined. A comparative analysis of the sequence and molecular structures of Dsub\gypsy, Dvir\gypsy and gypsy reveals gypsy is the only infectious particle, the other two have lost the ability. gypsy elements are found in D.subobscura natural populations suggesting the populations were invaded by infectious gypsy elements. (Alberola and de Frutos, 1996) Dsub\gypsy, Dvir\gypsy and gypsy show many structural similarities including sequences necessary for transcription and regulatory and coding sequences which suggest a common mechanism of expression. The ORF3 of Dsub\gypsy and Dvir\gypsy lack some motifs essential for the function of the "env-like" protein. (Alberola and de Frutos, 1995) Sequences homologous to the gypsy element are well conserved among species of the obscura subgroup. (Alberola and de Frutos, 1993) Comparisons between gypsy sequences in D.melanogaster, D.subobscura and D.virilis strongly suggest that gypsy sequences have been horizontally transferred between these species. (Alberola and de Frutos, 1993) Dsub\gypsy shows close sequence similarity to its D.melanogaster homolog. (de Frutos et al., 1992)
Other Information
Etymology

External Crossreferences
Sequence Crossreferences
	DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank AJ308093 AJ308095 AJ416536 AJ416537 AJ416538 AJ416539 AJ416540 X04671 X63724 X72390
Other Crossreferences

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 6 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Dsub\gypsy DsuGypV (Mejlumian et al., 2002, Terzian et al., 2001) gypsy (Heredia et al., 2004, García Guerreiro et al., 2008) gypsyDs (Alberola et al., 1997, Alberola and de Frutos, 1996)
Name Synonym	gypsy element Gypsy virus (Terzian et al., 2001)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0012952
References ( 17 )
Research paper	García Guerreiro et al., 2008, BMC Evol. Biol. 8: 234 Distribution of the transposable elements bilbo and gypsy in original and colonizing populations of Drosophila subobscura. [FBrf0207318] Heredia et al., 2004, Mol. Biol. Evol. 21(10): 1831--1842 Complex evolution of gypsy in drosophilid species. [FBrf0180514] Mejlumian et al., 2002, Genetics 160(1): 201--209 Comparative and functional studies of Drosophila species invasion by the gypsy endogenous retrovirus. [FBrf0144889] Terzian et al., 2001, BMC Evol. Biol. 1(1): 3 Evolution and phylogeny of insect endogenous retroviruses. [FBrf0139592] Marin and Llorens, 2000, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17(7): 1040--1049 Ty3/Gypsy retrotransposons: description of new Arabidopsis thaliana elements and evolutionary perspectives derived from comparative genomic data. [FBrf0131051] Terzian et al., 2000, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17(6): 908--914 Evolution of the Gypsy endogenous retrovirus in the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup. [FBrf0128664] Vazquez-Manrique et al., 2000, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17(8): 1185--1193 Evolution of gypsy endogenous retrovirus in the Drosophila obscura species group. [FBrf0130137] Biemont and Cizeron, 1999, Genetica 105(1): 43--62 Distribution of transposable elements in Drosophila species. [FBrf0111330] Lerat and Capy, 1999, Mol. Biol. Evol. 16(9): 1198--1207 Retrotransposons and retroviruses: analysis of the envelope gene. [FBrf0111944] Alberola et al., 1997, Genetica 100(1-3): 39--48 Structural analysis of Drosophila subobscura gypsy elements (gypsyDs). [FBrf0099793] Alberola and de Frutos, 1996, Nucleic Acids Res. 24(5): 914--923 Molecular structure of a gypsy element of Drosophila subobscura (gypsyDs) constituting a degenerate form of insect retroviruses. [FBrf0086305] Alberola and de Frutos, 1993, Hereditas 118(2): 131--137 Distribution of gypsy sequences in Drosophila species of the obscura subgroup. [FBrf0058644] Alberola and de Frutos, 1993, J. Mol. Evol. 36(2): 127--135 Gypsy homologous sequences in Drosophila subobscura (gypsyDS). [FBrf0058953] de Frutos et al., 1992, Chromosoma 101(5--6): 293--300 Distribution of Drosophila melanogaster transposable element sequences in species of the obscura group. [FBrf0055613] Bingham and Chapman, 1986, EMBO J. 5: 3343--3351 Evidence that white-blood is a novel type of temperature-sensitive mutation resulting from temperature-dependent effects of a transposon insertion on formation of white transcripts. [FBrf0044244]
Review	Pelisson et al., 2002, Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 32(10): 1249--1256 Drosophila germline invasion by the endogenous retrovirus gypsy: involvement of the viral env gene. [FBrf0152077]
Abstract	Alberola and de Frutos, 1995, Europ. Dros. Res. Conf. 14: 187 The Drosophila subobscura gypsy element constitutes a degenerate form of insect retroviruses. [FBrf0082999]