Dmel\P{PZ}fru³ Insertion

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\P{PZ}fru³	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBti0003599
Feature type	transposable_element_insertion_site
Description
Inserted element	P{PZ}	Expression data
Affected gene(s)	Ecol\lacZ, fru	Viability / fertility
Causes allele(s)	Ecol\lacZ^fru-3, fru³	Stock availability	1 publicly available
LINE ID	ms(3)06411
Genomic Location
Chromosomal location	3R ( 91A7-91B3 )	Sequence location
Recent Updates
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FB2012_01
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
Sequence Location
Orientation
Cytological location (computed by FlyBase)	91A7-91B3 ( near gene of known cytology )
Cytological location (reported)	91B1-91B8 (in situ hybridization reported) (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Comments concerning location
Sequence Data
Flanking sequence	AQ026434
Inserted Element
Construct	P{PZ}
Location-dependent role	lacZ enhancer trap (Mlodzik and Hiromi, 1992)
Size	14.545Kb
Associated alleles	Ecol\lacZ^P\T.PZ l(3)87Df^7.2 ry^+t7.2
Molecular map
Affected Gene(s)
Insertion may affect gene	Ecol\lacZ (Castrillon et al., 1993, Song et al., 2002) fru (Castrillon et al., 1993)
Alleles and Phenotypes
Causes alleles	Ecol\lacZ^fru-3 (Castrillon et al., 1993, Song et al., 2002) fru³ (Castrillon et al., 1993, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Anand et al., 2001, Lee and Hall, 2001, Goodwin et al., 2000, Taylor and Knittel, 1995, Ryner et al., 1996, Ito et al., 1996, Spradling et al., 1999)

Lethality References viable (Goodwin et al., 2000)
Sterility References male semi-sterile \| recessive (Goodwin et al., 2000) male sterile (Anand et al., 2001, Taylor and Knittel, 1995) male sterile \| partially (Anand et al., 2001) male sterile \| recessive (Spradling et al., 1999) semi-fertile (Billeter et al., 2006) semi-fertile \| male (Stockinger et al., 2005)
Phenotype Manifest In
	male abdominal 5 muscle (Anand et al., 2001, Taylor and Knittel, 1995, Ito et al., 1996, Ryner et al., 1996, Castrillon et al., 1993, Villella et al., 1997, Gailey et al., 2006, Billeter et al., 2006) male accessory gland (Billeter et al., 2006) vas deferens (Billeter et al., 2006)
Detailed Description
Statement Reference fru[3] mutant males display active intermale courtship. When subjected to daily ethanol exposure, the courtship level of fru[3] males is decreased on the first exposure and then remains unchanged on subsequent exposure. the intermale courtship level of fru[3] males is significantly lower than that of CS control males on the third exposure. (Lee et al., 2008) The Muscle of Lawrence fails to differentiate in 90% of fru[3] homozygous mutants, with the remaining 10% exhibiting only a vestigial muscle of Lawrence. Flies transheterozygous for fru[ΔC] and fru[3] exhibit approximately 33% fertility compared to wild-type. They do not experience reduced viability. These flies also exhibit reduced courting of females while displaying higher levels of intermale courtship and chaining. The muscle of Lawrence fails to differentiate in 90% of cases, with the remaining 10% exhibiting only a vestigial muscle of Lawrence. fru[ΔC]/fru[3] transheterozygotes exhibit a reduced number of male serotonergic neurons and improper patterning. The dorsal serotonergic abdominal giant neurons (dSAbg) exhibits approximately 18%, and the ventral serotonergic abdominal giant neurons (vSAbg) approximately 6% of the normal complement of serotonergic neurons. At least one or the other of these clusters is absent in a significant portion of these males; the vSAbg is undetectable in approximately 70%, whereas approximately 22% exhibit no dSAbg. In animals lacking the vSAbg, the remaining dSAbg neurons innervate the vas deferens, accessory glands, and ejaculatory duct. Similarly, in animals with no dSAbg, the same target organs are innervated by neurons of the vSAbg. In animals with only one cluster, while the innervation of the vas deferens is wild-type in pattern, the innervations are less dense. Similar observations are found for the accessory glands and ejaculatory duct. Unlike wild-type males, 90% of accessory glands are not fully innervated and a further 5% have no innervation. This phenotype is repeated with the vas deferens. These males experience a 8.5% decrease in fru[M]-labelled neurons compared to wild-type. During a 6hr observation, fru[ΔC]/fru[3] males do not mate, whereas approximately 50% of fru[ΔC]/fru[3] males expressing fru[MC.Scer\UAS.cSa] do. These males are slower to initiate mating, although the duration of copulation is similar to that of wild-type males. A small number of control flies (i.e. fru[MC.Scer\UAS.cSa]/+ ; fru[ΔC]/fru[3]) manage to mate within the same time as the \'rescued\' males, probably due to \'leakage\' of the transgene, although mating durations are still significantly longer than those of wild-type males. (Billeter et al., 2006) Expression of fru[MA.Scer\UAS.cSa], fru[MB.Scer\UAS.cSa], or fru[MC.Scer\UAS.cSa], under the control of Scer\GAL4[fru.16] in a fru[3]/fru[3] background does not restore male fertility. However, expression of fru[MC.Scer\UAS.cSa] in a fru[3]/fru[ΔC] background (in which fru[MA] and fru[MB], but not the fru[MC] transcript are present) increases the percentage of fertile males from 33 to 78% of wild-type levels. Extension of mating length beyond normal duration in fru[3]/fru[3] mutants is rescued by expression of fru[MC.Scer\UAS.cSa] via Scer\GAL4[fru.16]. Expression of fru[MA.Scer\UAS.cSa] or fru[MB.Scer\UAS.cSa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[fru.16] fails to rescue fertility levels in fru[3]/fru[ΔC] mutants. Expression of fru[MC.Scer\UAS.cSa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[fru.16] in fru[3] homozygotes and fru[3]/fru[ΔC] transheterozygotes rescues the formation of the muscle of Lawrence in the male and induces formation of muscle of Lawrence-like features and neuromuscular junctions in the female. This also rescues formation of the dorsal serotonergic abdominal giant neuron cluster. In some cases, the ventral serotonergic abdominal giant neuron cluster is also rescued. Expression of either fru[MA.Scer\UAS.cSa] or fru[MB.Scer\UAS.cSa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[fru.16], in fru[3] homozygotes and fru[3]/fru[ΔC] transheterozygotes fails to rescue the formation of the muscle of Lawrence in the male and fails to induce formation of muscle of Lawrence-like features and neuromuscular junctions in the female. Expression of fru[MA.Scer\UAS.cSa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[fru.16] does not significantly rescue differentiation of the male serotonergic neurons in fru[ΔC]/fru[3] mutants. Expression of fru[MB.Scer\UAS.cSa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[fru.16] in fru[ΔC]/fru[3] mutants induces differentiation of neurons in the dorsal serotonergic abdominal giant neurons, with up to five neurons (half the wild-type number) developing per animal. Rescue in the ventral serotonergic abdominal giant neurons is not observed. Extension of mating length beyond normal duration in fru[ΔC]/fru[3] males is rescued by targeted expression of fru[MC.Scer\UAS.cSa] via Scer\GAL4[fru.16]. (Billeter et al., 2006) Expression of Agam\fru[MC.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[fru.16], in a fru[3]/fru[ΔC] background (in which fru[MA] and fru[MB], but not the fru[MC] transcript are present) increases the percentage of fertile males from 33 to 65% of wild-type levels. Expression of Agam\fru[MC.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[fru.16], in a fru[3]/fru[ΔC] background (in which fru[MA] and fru[MB], but not the fru[MC] transcript are present) rescues the formation of the muscle of Lawrence in the male. Expression of Agam\fru[MC.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[fru.16] in fru[ΔC]/fru[3] mutants induces differentiation of neurons in both male serotonergic abdominal giant neuron clusters. (Billeter et al., 2006) Expression of Agam\fru[MC.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[fru.16] is sufficient to suppress the Muscle of Lawrence(MOL)-less phenotype of fru[3] mutant males and to induce formation of a MOL-like muscle in females. (Gailey et al., 2006) fru³/fru^4-40 males exhibit very little courtship behaviour towards females and show a small but significant increase in courtship of other males compared to wild-type. Unlike wild-type males, these mutant males form male mating chains. (Demir and Dickson, 2005) The male-female courtship index and fertility of fru^GAL4/fru³ males is significantly reduced compared to wild-type. These males court single wild-type males and form chains with males of their own genotype. (Stockinger et al., 2005) The addition of to¹/to¹ to fru³/+ leads to a significant reduction in courtship index. Although reduced courtship is not abolished, Mutant males are capable of all stages of courtship, but perform less frequently. This reduction is not caused by a reduction in general activity. The addition of the fru carrying Tp(3;Y)A81 or Tp(3;Y)L58 rescues this enhancement phenotype. (Dauwalder et al., 2002) 23% of fru^0-1/fru³ males are fertile. Male-female courtship as measured by courtship index (CI) or wing extension index (WEI) is almost completely abolished in fru³/fru^w9, fru³/Df(3R)fru^w24, fru³/fru^w27 or fru³/fru^4-40 males. fru³/fru^4-40 males show significant male-male courtship as measured by CI. fru³/fru^w9, fru³/fru^w12, fru³/Df(3R)fru^w24 or fru³/fru^4-40 males show substantial chaining. fru³/Df(3R)fru^w24, fru³/fru^w27 and fru³/fru^4-40 males do not produce a courtship song even though they show a small amount of wing extension. (Anand et al., 2001) Expression of 5-HT in serotonergic-abdominal ganglion neurons in adult males is absent. (Lee and Hall, 2001) fru¹/fru³ males mated individually to a single virgin female show vigorous courtship behaviour, comparable to that of wild-type males. High levels of abdominal bending are seen in the males that show courtship behaviour. However, the proportion of males that mate is reduced compared to wild type; 30% of the transheterozygous males court but do not mate. The fertility of the males (as assayed by the ability of the mated females to produce progeny) is reduced compared to wild-type males. The transheterozygous males show longer than normal mating-initiation latencies compared to heterozygous controls. Mating duration is also longer than normal and shows a far more scattered distribution than that of wild-type males. The number of progeny (number of resulting pupae) obtained from a fertile mating between a fru¹/fru³ male and a wild-type female are not slightly but significantly fewer compared with wild type. An appreciable fraction of matings by fru¹/fru³ males lead to subnormal quantities of sperm being transferred to the female. (Lee et al., 2001) Homozygous males show high levels of head-to-head interactions compared to wild-type males. Most of these would-be aggressive actions involve bringing their heads together but not escalating the interactions into the rising-up and boxing motions that are displayed by wild-type males. The level of head-to-head interactions shows a temporal dependency; when males are grouped together on the day they eclose they do not show significantly higher than normal head-to-head interactions, but the frequency of head-to-head interactions shows a marked increase beginning on day 2 and peaking on days 4-5. Mutant males aged individually for 5-7 days and then grouped together show low levels of head-to-head interactions 1 day after being grouped together, but show an increase in the frequency of head-to-head interactions by days 4-5. These flies (which were aged individually) show lower levels of head-to-head interactions compared to mutant males that have been aged for essentially the same number of days, but in the presence of other males since eclosion, indicating a social component in the phenotype. Mutant males show some chaining behaviour. Chaining also show temporal dependence, with the frequency of chaining showing a marked increase beginning on day 2 and peaking on days 4-5. (Lee and Hall, 2000) Males are less stimulated to court females than fru¹ or fru^0-1 and display less chaining behaviour than fru¹ males. Some males that exhibit courtship do exhibit tapping behaviour (tapping of the female with the forelegs). No courtship song pulse is generated, even though they perform rare and unsustained wing extensions. The anomalous wing usage exhibited is not due to a general thoracic etiology, such as a defect in neuromuscular morphology or physiology. Homozygous and transheterozygous males with fru⁴ exhibit complete behavioural sterility, failure to attempt copulation. Males, when presented with both sexes simultaneously, will show a courtship bias toward males. Chaining behaviour exhibited by males is displayed mostly on the food surface. Courtship song is not required for, nor is particularly correlated with, chain formation. The behaviour of fru³/fru⁴ males is very similar to that of either homozygote. Males lack the Muscle of Lawrence (MOL). Subnormal levels of courtship are not related to any drop in activity or viability. Mutant females are courted by wild-type males at normal levels. (Villella et al., 1997) Males lack the muscle of Lawrence. (Ito et al., 1996) Males court indiscriminately, fail to copulate and have muscle of Lawrence defects. Males show very little wing extension and the wing displays generate no song pulse signals (courtship specific as flight is normal). fru³/fru^w12 males barely court at all but show normal locomotor activity. Mutant combination shows some male-male chaining. Early and late steps of courtship are disrupted. (Ryner et al., 1996) In fru³ homozygotes the number of adult muscle nuclei per fibre is greater than that for other fru^- mutants but there are fewer nuclei in muscle of Lawrence (MOL)-position fibres than medial fibres or wild-type male MOL fibres. The number of myoblasts in unaffected. (Taylor and Knittel, 1995) Males court males and females but fail to mate. Male specific abdominal muscle is reduced. (Castrillon et al., 1993)
Expression Data
Reporter Expression

Additional Information
Statement Reference

Marker for
Reflects expression of
External Images
FlyView (LinkOut)
Data on Genetic Line
Line ID	ms(3)06411 (Gene Disruption Project members, 2001-)
Origin as a multiple insertion line
Progenitor(s) within the Genome

Related Aberration or Balancer
Aberration
Balancer
Stocks ( 1 )
Bloomington	684 ry⁵⁰⁶ P{PZ}fru³/MKRS
Linkouts
Synonyms & Secondary IDs
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	P{PZ}fru³ (Castrillon et al., 1993, FlyBase, 1992-) P{ry^+t7.2=PZ}fru³ (FlyBase, 1992-)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBti0000231
References ( 23 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this insertion ( 23 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 20 ) FlyBase analysis ( 1 ) Computer file ( 2 )
Recent research papers (0)
	All research papers listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show research papers ...

Dmel\P{PZ}fru3 Insertion

Dmel\P{PZ}fru³ Insertion