FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Allele: Dmel\Ubx1
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Ubx1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
FlyBase ID
FBal0017338
Feature type
allele
Associated gene
Dmel\Ubx
Associated Insertion(s)
Doc{}Ubx1
Carried in Construct
Key Links
Genomic Maps

Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

loss of function allele

Mutagen
Nature of the Allele
Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Gibson and van Helden, 1997, Castelli-Gair et al., 1992, Qian et al., 1991, Boulet and Scott, 1988)

loss of function allele

(Karch et al., 1990)
Mutagen
spontaneous
(Bender et al., 1983)
Progenitor genotype
Associated Insertion(s)
Doc{}Ubx1
Cytology

Polytene chromosomes normal.

(Castelli-Gair and Garcia-Bellido, 1990)
Description

Insertion of Doc element into the first exon of the Ubx transcription unit, disrupting the protein coding region.

(Frayne and Sato, 1991)

Insertion of Doc element in the 5' untranslated region of the first Ubx unit exon.

(Castelli-Gair et al., 1990)

Insertion of a Doc element into the untranslated region of the 5' exon of the Ubx unit.

(Micol et al., 1990)

Doc element insertion into the 5' exon, in the 5' untranslated region of the mRNA.

(Weinzierl et al., 1987)

Insertion of a Doc element into the 5' exon of the Ubx transcription unit.

(Peifer and Bender, 1986)

Insertion of a Doc element at map position -32kb.

(Bender et al., 1983)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank
DNA sequence
Protein sequence
 
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Expression Data
      Reporter Expression
      Additional Information
      Statement
      Reference
       
      Marker for
      Reflects expression of
      Reporter construct used in assay
      Human Disease Associations
      Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
       
      Disease-implicated variant(s)
       
      Phenotypic Data
      Phenotypic Class
      Phenotype Manifest In

      abdominal segment 1

      (Frayne and Sato, 1991)

      adult metathoracic segment | somatic clone

      (Rozowski and Akam, 2002)

      adult ventral external metathorax | somatic clone

      (Struhl, 1982)

      capitellum

      (de Navas et al., 2011, Pallavi et al., 2006)

      capitellum | somatic clone

      (Shashidhara et al., 1999)

      embryonic hypodermal muscle

      (Blanco et al., 2025)

      embryonic hypodermal muscle (with UbxGal4-M1)

      (Blanco et al., 2025)

      haltere

      (Ragab, 2006, Kankel et al., 2004)

      haltere (with UbxHC71-1.HC166D.Dup.Rec.ry+)

      (Bender and Hudson, 2000)

      haltere | somatic clone

      (Roch and Akam, 2000, Shashidhara et al., 1999, Struhl, 1982)

      haltere sensillum | somatic clone

      (Roch and Akam, 2000)

      larval neuroblast | embryonic stage (with Ubx9.22)

      (Monedero Cobeta et al., 2017)

      mesonotum (with UbxHC71-1.HC166D.Dup.Rec.ry+)

      (Bender and Hudson, 2000)

      mesothoracic leg | ectopic | somatic clone

      (Struhl, 1982)

      mesothoracic leg posterior compartment | somatic clone

      (Struhl, 1982)

      mesothoracic tibial apical bristle | ectopic | somatic clone

      (Rozowski and Akam, 2002)

      metanotum | somatic clone

      (Struhl, 1982)

      metathoracic femur | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone

      (Stern, 2003)

      metathoracic leg | somatic clone

      (Rozowski and Akam, 2002, Struhl, 1982)

      metathoracic leg posterior compartment | somatic clone

      (Struhl, 1982)

      metathoracic metatarsus | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone

      (Stern, 2003)

      metathoracic tarsal bristle | ectopic | somatic clone

      (Stern, 2003)

      metathoracic tibial preapical bristle | somatic clone

      (Rozowski and Akam, 2002)

      prothoracic leg posterior compartment | somatic clone

      (Struhl, 1982)

      sternopleural bristle | ectopic | somatic clone

      (Rozowski and Akam, 2002)

      ventral nerve cord primordium | embryonic stage (with Ubx9.22)

      (Monedero Cobeta et al., 2017)

      wing | ectopic

      (Ragab, 2006, Kankel et al., 2004)

      wing | ectopic | somatic clone

      (Roch and Akam, 2000, Struhl, 1982)

      wing margin bristle | ectopic

      (Pallavi et al., 2006, Kankel et al., 2004)
      Detailed Description
      Statement
      Reference

      Ubx1/Ubx9.22 transheterozygous embryos show a significant increase in the proportion of mitotic neuroblast daughter cells, but not of mitotic neuroblasts, only in the A1 ventral nerve cord segment, as compared to controls.

      (Monedero Cobeta et al., 2017)

      Homozygous clones in the posterior peripodial membrane cells of the wing disc have a wild-type cell shape.

      (Tripura et al., 2011)

      Heterozygotes show a slight enlargement of the capitellum and occasionally one or two bristles are seen on the haltere.

      (de Navas et al., 2011)

      The DA3 muscle pattern forms normally in Ubx1 embryos.

      (Enriquez et al., 2010)

      Epithelial cells within Ubx1 clones are appropriately positioned within the haltere disc epithelium and do not show any obvious change in cell shape or size.

      Mitotic clones of Ubx1 and their wild-type twin spots respect compartmental boundaries.

      (Makhijani et al., 2007)

      Single cell class IV dendrite arborisation (da) neuron clones that are homozygous for Ubx1 show no significant defects in dendrite development.

      (Parrish et al., 2007)

      Ubx1/+ flies show a mild haltere-to-wing transformation as the capitellum of the haltere produces between two and five wing margin-type sensory bristles.

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)

      Ubx1 flies show a haltere to wing transformation.

      (Ragab, 2006)

      Ubx1 mutants do not show any thoracic phenotypes.

      (Berger et al., 2005)

      Mutant embryos show normal somatic gonadal precursor (SGP) specification, gonad coalescence and sexually dimorphic male-specific SGP behaviour.

      (DeFalco et al., 2004)

      Heterozygotes show a very weak transformation of haltere to wing, as indicated by an increase in haltere size and the development of a few wing-type marginal bristles.

      (Kankel et al., 2004)

      When Ubx1 clones are made in the legs, a significant reduction in the T3 femur and basitarsus. The magnitude of the reduction in femur length is independent of the location of the clone in the anterior or posterior compartment and also independent of the size of the clone. With a few exceptions, clones on the basitarsus cause a similar reduction on basitarsus length. This non-autonomous reduction in length does not propagate across leg segments. T3 femurs are reduced in length, on average, to approximately the length of T2 legs of the same fly. In contrast the T3 basitarsi are reduced to a length approximately 7.8% shorter than the T2 legs. In these clones the cell area is autonomously reduced by 16.6%, implying the cell diameter is reduced by about 8.7%. This is double the observed reduction in leg length of 4.2%. These clones have a weak effect on the width of the femur, posterior clones have a stronger effect on leg width than anterior ones. However this reduction does not cause a reduction down to the width of T2 legs. Loss of Ubx in clones in the posterior and most of the anterior compartment of the T3 basitarsus have no significant effect on their width. Clones in the most ventral cells in the anterior compartment of the basitarsus do cause a large increase in the width of the basitarsus and the production of an ectopic row of bristles between rows 1 and 8. In every leg that displays ectopic bristles the basitarsus is swollen to 16-74% greater than normal width, whereas all other clones combined show a range in basitarsal width -10 +/- 14%. This basitarsal widening is associated with a more extreme reduction in lengthy than found in other legs carrying clones, suggesting that the swelling does not involve extra growth. However, the swelling causes the middle of the basitarsus to swell more than ends, so he change in length decreases at a rate somewhat smaller than the change in width. Overall, there is a weak correlation between the reduction in the number of bristles in rows and the magnitude of the reduction in leg length for legs with Ubx1 clones. However, different bristle rows display different responses to these clones. In rows 2, 4 and 78 clones cause an autonomous reduction in bristle number of about 14%, about the same average length reduction of about 15% for basitarsi carrying clones. however the other rows do not display a significant reduction of bristle number. In addition, non-autonomous effects of clones in some positions on bristle number in adjoining rows. The most striking effect is seen in row 1, when a clone is found in row 8. In this case, bristle number is reduced in row 1 by 16%. In contrast, when a clone is found anywhere else in the basitarsus except row 1 and 8, row 1 shows no significant reduction in bristle number.

      (Stern, 2003)

      Homozygous clones induced up to 22-16 hours before puparium formation can give rise to sternopleural macrochaetae on segment T3. Homozygous clones generated after the first cell division in the sternopleural proneural cluster can give rise to sternopleural macrochaetae on T3. Homozygous clones generated in the apical bristle precursors from the second-order stage give rise to bristle shaft and socket on the third leg. Clone induction 0-6 hours before puparium formation can result in the development of apical bristles on T3. Homozygous clones in the preapical precursors on T3 result in the formation of a bristle with a stout shaft resembling that of the preapical bristle on T2. 1.4% of heterozygous flies develop an apical bristle on the T3 leg.

      (Rozowski and Akam, 2002)

      Heterozygous females show a significant decrease in the level of 7,11-diene cuticular hydrocarbons compared to wild-type females.

      (Wicker-Thomas and Jallon, 2001)

      When heterozygous with UbxHC71-1.HC166D.Dup.Rec.ry+ the notum reduction phenotype is much more penetrant and severe. These animals also show an enlargement of the haltere, with anterior bristles, characteristic of a weak bx transformation.

      (Bender and Hudson, 2000)

      The addition of the polyamide P31 enhances the A6 to A5 phenotypes seen in bwD, Ubx1 flies. Sex combs are reduced, halteres are partially transformed into wing-like structures. Viability is reduced, development is often halted before pupation. P31 has no effect flies with Ubx1 alone.

      (Janssen et al., 2000)

      Homozygous clones in the haltere induced at 6 hours BPF do not result in any abnormalities in the final cuticle. Homozygous clones in the haltere induced 24-48 hours before puparium formation (BPF) produce thicker, longer and more widely spaced hairs than the neighbouring haltere cells, suggesting that they are partially transformed to the wing cell type. Homozygous clones induces 6 hours after puparium formation transform the haltere sensillum to resemble that in the wing.

      (Roch and Akam, 2000)

      Clones generated on the haltere margin display wing margin bristles, while clones in the capitellum sort out from the surrounding cells and remain inside the haltere. Some 'rescued' clones in the capitellum remain on the surface and differentiate wing trichomes: these occur when the haltere also carries a clone on the margin, which is behaving as a wing D/V organizer. Clones induced in a ft8 background, where larval life is extended and imaginal discs undergo extra rounds of division, show non-autonomy of the haltere to wing transformation.

      (Shashidhara et al., 1999)

      Dp(3;2)D109; Ubx1, abd-AD24, Abd-BD18/Df(3R)Ubx-RS4-8 males show A5 and A6 identities while Dp(3;2)D109; Df(3R)RS1-98/Df(3R)Ubx-RS4-8 lack A5 and A6 identities.

      (Hopmann et al., 1995)

      Viable in combination with Ubxabx-1, Ubxbx-3 and Ubxpbx-1.

      (Castelli-Gair et al., 1992)

      Hemizygous larvae have both a dorsal and ventral disc bud in A1, along with a remaining posterior dorsal histoblast nest. The anterior dorsal histoblast nests are sometimes inverted in flies transheterozygous for Ubx1 and other Ubx alleles.

      (Frayne and Sato, 1991)

      Does not interact with RpII140wimp maternal effect.

      (Parkhurst and Ish-Horowicz, 1991)

      Does not affect the frequency of the trx bithorax-variegated phenotype in heterozygous combination with Df(3R)red-P52.

      (Castelli-Gair and Garcia-Bellido, 1990)

      Homozygous Ubx1 mutants eliminate wg expression but the effect of Ubx and dpp is indirect.

      (Immergluck et al., 1990)

      Transvection positive with Ubxbx-34e.

      (Mathog, 1990)

      Ubx1/Ubxbx-34e flies have very little transformed dorsal metanotum.

      (Babu et al., 1987)

      Transheterozygotes with Ubxbx-8 and Ubxbx-34e show an enhancement of the bx phenotype when in combination with E(bx)2. Haltere to winglike and metanotum to mesonotumlike transformations are enhanced. Ubxpbx-1 and Ubxbxd-1 show haltere to winglike transformation enhancement.

      (Bhosekar and Babu, 1987)

      In homozygotes the anterior first abdominal segment is transformed into mesothorax.

      (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

      Homozygous clones induced 8 hours after fertilization show transformation of the dorsal and ventral metathorax, haltere and third leg into wing and second leg respectively. Earlier clone induction causes transformation of the posterior compartments of both the second and third legs into the posterior compartment of the first leg. Scr13A Ubx1 clones induced at the blastoderm stage or larval stage is the additive phenotype of Scr13A and Ubx1 clones, prothorax is transformed to metathorax. The phenotype of triply mutant clones AntpNs-rvC3 ScrC1 Ubx1 at the blastoderm stage is the additive phenotype of AntpNs-rvC3 and Scr13A Ubx1 clones, portions of all three legs are transformed to antennae, clones in the haltere and metanotum form wing and mesonotum structures and transformation of labial palps of the proboscis into maxillary palps. The phenotype of AntpNs-rvC3 Ubx1 clones induced in the head, pro- and mesothorax during embryonic and larval development are indistinguishable from AntpNs-rvC3 ScrC1 Ubx1 clones.

      (Struhl, 1982)

      The frequency of variegated bithorax transformations seen in Df(3R)red-P52 heterozygotes is not increased in flies also heterozygous for Ubx1.

      (Capdevila and Garcia-Bellido, 1981)

      Halteres of heterozygote about twice normal volume, characteristically with one or more hairs on anterior surface of swollen apical segment, or capitellum, of the haltere. No overlap with wild type and little variability; accurate scoring takes practice. Homozygous larva has, in addition to normally present mesothoracic pair of spiracles, both a metathoracic and a first abdominal spiracle pair.

      External Data
      Interactions
      Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
      Phenotypic Class
      Enhanced by
      Statement
      Reference

      Ubx1 has visible | homeotic phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4bi-md653/EgfrUAS.cBa

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)

      Ubx1 has visible | homeotic phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4bi-md653/vnUAS.cSa

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)

      Ubx1 has visible | dominant | homeotic phenotype, enhanceable by Gug[+]/Gug1757

      (Kankel et al., 2004)
      Suppressed by
      NOT suppressed by
      Enhancer of
      Statement
      Reference

      Ubx1/Ubx[+] is an enhancer of visible | homeotic phenotype of EgfrUAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4bi-md653

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)

      Ubx1/Ubx[+] is an enhancer of visible | homeotic phenotype of Scer\GAL4bi-md653, vnUAS.cSa

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)
      Suppressor of
      Statement
      Reference

      Ubx1/Ubx[+] is a suppressor | partially of visible | homeotic phenotype of Scer\GAL4bi-md653, btl::Egfrλ.UAS

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)
      Other
      Phenotype Manifest In
      Enhanced by
      Statement
      Reference

      Ubx1 has capitellum phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4bi-md653/EgfrUAS.cBa

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)

      Ubx1 has wing margin bristle | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4bi-md653/EgfrUAS.cBa

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)

      Ubx1 has capitellum phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4bi-md653/vnUAS.cSa

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)

      Ubx1 has wing margin bristle | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4bi-md653/vnUAS.cSa

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)

      Ubx1 has haltere phenotype, enhanceable by Gug[+]/Gug1757

      (Kankel et al., 2004)

      Ubx1 has wing margin bristle | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by Gug[+]/Gug1757

      (Kankel et al., 2004)

      Ubx1 has wing | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by Gug[+]/Gug1757

      (Kankel et al., 2004)

      Ubx1 has haltere phenotype, enhanceable by z1-35

      (Rosen et al., 1998)

      Ubx1 has adult metathoracic segment | dorsal phenotype, enhanceable by z1-35

      (Rosen et al., 1998)

      Ubx1 has haltere phenotype, enhanceable by z1-42

      (Rosen et al., 1998)

      Ubx1 has adult metathoracic segment | dorsal phenotype, enhanceable by z1-42

      (Rosen et al., 1998)

      Ubx1 has metathoracic laterotergite phenotype, enhanceable by zae(bx)

      (Lewis, 1959)

      Ubx1 has phenotype, enhanceable by E(bx)1

      Suppressed by
      NOT suppressed by
      Statement
      Reference

      Ubx1, snRNP-U1-70K02107 has embryonic hypodermal muscle phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Mef2.PU/UbxK58A.UAS.Tag:MYC

      (Blanco et al., 2025)

      Ubx1, snRNP-U1-70K02107 has embryonic hypodermal muscle phenotype, non-suppressible by UbxN51A.K58A.UAS.Tag:MYC/Scer\GAL4Mef2.PU

      (Blanco et al., 2025)

      Ubx1 has haltere phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(2R)ED3921

      (Ragab, 2006)

      Ubx1 has wing | ectopic phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(2R)ED3921

      (Ragab, 2006)

      Ubx1 has phenotype, non-suppressible by su(Hw)2

      (Lindsley and Grell, 1968)
      Enhancer of
      Statement
      Reference

      Ubx1/Ubx[+] is an enhancer of capitellum phenotype of EgfrUAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4bi-md653

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)

      Ubx1/Ubx[+] is an enhancer of wing margin bristle | ectopic phenotype of EgfrUAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4bi-md653

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)

      Ubx1/Ubx[+] is an enhancer of capitellum phenotype of Scer\GAL4bi-md653, vnUAS.cSa

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)

      Ubx1/Ubx[+] is an enhancer of wing margin bristle | ectopic phenotype of Scer\GAL4bi-md653, vnUAS.cSa

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)
      Suppressor of
      Statement
      Reference

      Ubx1/Ubx[+] is a suppressor | partially of capitellum phenotype of Scer\GAL4bi-md653, btl::Egfrλ.UAS

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)

      Ubx1/Ubx[+] is a suppressor | partially of wing margin bristle | ectopic phenotype of Scer\GAL4bi-md653, btl::Egfrλ.UAS

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)
      Other
      Additional Comments
      Genetic Interactions
      Statement
      Reference

      Ubx1, abd-AD24, Abd-BD18 triple mutant embryos show a significantly increased proportion of mitotic neuroblasts in the A9-10 ventral nerve cord segments, and a significantly increased proportion of mitotic neuroblast daughter cells in the A1, A8 and A9-10 ventral nerve cord segments, as compared to controls.

      (Monedero Cobeta et al., 2017)

      Antp25, Ubx1 double mutant embryos lack a DA3 muscle in all thoracic and abdominal A1-A2 segments.

      (Enriquez et al., 2010)

      Expression of EgfrScer\UAS.cBa under the control of Scer\GAL4bi-md653 in a Ubx1/+ background results in a marginal enhancement of the wing-to-haltere transformations seen in Ubx1/+ mutants, or flies expressing EgfrScer\UAS.cBa in a wild-type background. Likewise, there is a marginal enhancement in the phenotype in Scer\GAL4bi-md653>vnScer\UAS.cSa; Ubx1/+ flies compared to either Ubx1/+ or Scer\GAL4bi-md653>vnScer\UAS.cSa flies.

      Expression of btl::EgfrScer\UAS.T:λ\cI-DD under the control of Scer\GAL4bi-md653 in a Ubx1/+ background results in a marginal reduction in the number of wing margin-type bristles seen on the capitellum in comparison to flies that express btl::EgfrScer\UAS.T:λ\cI-DD under the control of Scer\GAL4bi-md653 in a wild-type background.

      (Pallavi et al., 2006)

      Df(2R)ED3921 fails to suppress the haltere to wing transformation of Ubx1 flies.

      (Ragab, 2006)

      The weak transformation of haltere to wing seen in Ubx1/+ adults is strongly enhanced by Gug1757/+; haltere size and the number of marginal bristles are increased.

      (Kankel et al., 2004)

      The halteres of z1-35/Y Ubx1/Ubxbx-34e or z1-42/Y Ubx1/Ubxbx-34e males are larger than those of their z+ counterparts, and males have dorsal mesothoracic tissue on their metathorax. This effect is stronger for z1-35 than for z1-42.

      (Rosen et al., 1998)

      zae(bx) enhances the development of the dorsal metanotum in Ubxbx-34e/Ubx1 from a few hairs to a broad band of hairy tissue somewhat like that seen in Ubxbx-34e homozygotes.

      (Lewis, 1959)
      Xenogenetic Interactions
      Statement
      Reference
      Complementation and Rescue Data
      Images (0)
      Mutant
      Wild-type
      Stocks (26)
      Notes on Origin
      Discoverer

      W.F. Hollander, 1934.

      Arose in: Same female as Ubxbx-W.

      Comments
      Comments

      Ubx1 homozygous germ line clones are viable and show no maternal effects.

      (Kerridge and Dura, 1982)

      The phenotype of flies carrying Ubx1 and either loss of function Ubx alleles or deficiencies for Ubx has been studied. Ubx1 can affect the expression of a paired Ubx allele by transvection.

      (Micol et al., 1990)

      Ubx mutants have been classified into "transvection groups", on the basis of transvection tests with Ubxbx-34e, Ubxpbx-2, and UbxCbx-1 Ubx1 mutants.

      (Mathog, 1990)
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (6)
      References (94)