FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\Apc2[ΔS]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Apc2^ΔS

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0101822

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\Apc2

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

heat sensitive hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

Mutagen

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

heat sensitive hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Bejsovec, 2002.10.7)

Mutagen

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Deletion of 3 nucleotides leading to a deletion of Serine 241 (which is within an alpha-helix in the third Arm repeat).

(McCartney et al., 1999)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

deletion

3R:24,164,957..24,164,959 [+]

Comment:

serine 241 is deleted

(McCartney et al., 1999)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

lethal | maternal effect | recessive | heat sensitive

(Bejsovec, 2002.10.7)

lethal | recessive | rescuable maternal effect | heat sensitive

(McCartney et al., 1999)

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | rescuable maternal effect | heat sensitive

(McCartney et al., 2006)

some die during embryonic stage | rescuable maternal effect | heat sensitive

(McCartney et al., 2006)

sterile (with Apc2^N175K)

(Hamada and Bienz, 2002)

viable

(Akong et al., 2002)

Phenotype Manifest In

abdominal ventral acute muscle 1 founder cell | increased number

(Cox and Baylies, 2005)

abdominal ventral acute muscle 2 founder cell | increased number

(Cox and Baylies, 2005)

abdominal ventral acute muscle 3 founder cell | increased number

(Cox and Baylies, 2005)

denticle | heat sensitive

(Bejsovec, 2002.10.7, McCartney et al., 1999)

dorsal fine hair | heat sensitive

(McCartney et al., 1999)

egg chamber

(Townsley and Bienz, 2000)

embryo | embryonic stage 4 | germline clone

(McCartney et al., 2001)

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | heat sensitive

(Bejsovec, 2002.10.7, McCartney et al., 1999)

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect

(Akong et al., 2002)

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect | heat sensitive

(McCartney et al., 2006)

furrow canal | embryonic stage 4 | maternal effect

(Webb et al., 2009)

male germline stem cell & centrosome (with Apc2^d40)

(Yamashita et al., 2003)

male germline stem cell & spindle (with Apc2^d40)

(Yamashita et al., 2003)

nucleus | embryonic stage 4 | germline clone

(McCartney et al., 2006, McCartney et al., 2001)

oocyte

(Townsley and Bienz, 2000)

spindle | embryonic stage 4 | germline clone

(McCartney et al., 2001)

ventral denticle belt

(Hamada and Bienz, 2002)

ventral denticle belt | maternal effect | heat sensitive

(McCartney et al., 2006)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

Repositioning of the mitotic spindle during anaphase in testis somatic cyst stem cells is normal in Apc2^d40/Apc2^ΔS males.

(Cheng et al., 2011)

Embryos maternally mutant for Apc2^ΔS exhibit a weak actin pseudocleavage furrow extension defect that is apparent only at a depth of 2.2 micrometer from the surface.

(Webb et al., 2009)

58% of Apc2^ΔS maternally mutant syncytial embryos show movement of over 2% of cortical nuclei into the embryo interior, compared to 0-3% of wild-type embryos. Furthermore, 21% of embryos from Apc2^ΔS/+ mothers show this phenotype.

The cuticle of an average Apc2^ΔS maternal/zygotic embryo shows an anterior hole, is 50-60% the length of wild-type and has 2-3 patches of denticles remaining. This cuticle phenotype is less severe when embryos are raised at 18⁰C.

(McCartney et al., 2006)

In Apc2^ΔS mutant embryos, the cII cluster of slou expressing muscle founder cells is expanded. The cI cluster of slou expressing muscle founder cells is unaffected.

(Cox and Baylies, 2005)

Apc2^ΔS/Apc2^d40 males have germline stem cells (GSCs) with mispositioned centrosomes, misoriented spindles or detached spindles.

(Yamashita et al., 2003)

Asymmetric divisions appear to be unaffected in the brains of mutant larvae.

(Akong et al., 2002)

In Apc2^ΔS maternal and zygotic mutant embryos most ventral cells choose posterior fates (secrete naked cuticle) but some cells still secrete denticles. ticles in Apc2^ΔS maternal and zygotic mutant embryos.

(Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^ΔS is temperature sensitive but even at the restrictive temperature it is homozygous viable in the first generation. Homozygous mutant flies mated to each other will produce 100% lethal embryos, all showing the excess naked cuticle typical of ectopic wg pathway activity. At 18^o, the homozygous mutant (maternal/zygotic) embryos are essentially wild-type and the flies can be maintained as a homozygous stock. The phenotype at restrictive temperature is not equivalent to a null phenotype.

(Bejsovec, 2002.10.7)

Embryos derived from homozygous parents show residual denticle bands.

(Hamada and Bienz, 2002)

Nuclei migrate to the cortex normally in syncytial homozygous embryos derived from homozygous female germline clones, but then many nuclei are lost from the cortex into the internal cytoplasm. When spindles and chromosomes are lost from the surface, centrosomes remain behind and continue to organise pseudocleavage furrows and actin caps. Overall spindle morphology and astral microtubules appear normal during early peripheral divisions, but during later peripheral divisions, spindles adjacent to regions of nuclear loss show a range of defects, including spindles attached by only one pole and partially "collapsed" spindles.

(McCartney et al., 2001)

Slightly misshapen Apc2^ΔS egg chambers are often seen, with irregularities in their nurse cell arrays, particularly at the anterior ends. These ends appear somewhat elongated and occasionally squashed. Occasionally a slightly misplaced oocyte is seen.

(Townsley and Bienz, 2000)

At the permissive temperature (18^oC) mutants are viable and fertile. At the restrictive temperature (25^oC), homozygous embryos derived from heterozygous mothers are viable and heterozygous embryos derived from homozygous mutant mothers are wild-type and survive to adulthood. Homozygous embryos derived from homozygous females have severe abnormalities in their embryonic body plan; the denticle belts are replaced with an almost uniform expanse of naked cuticle. Many more cells on the dorsal surface of the embryo secrete fine hairs than wild type. Temperature shift experiments indicate that Apc2 activity is required between 4-10 hours after egg laying. Embryos shifted to the restrictive temperature after 10 hours develop into apparently normal adults, suggesting that Apc2 may be dispensible for adult patterning. Embryos that are both maternally and zygotically hemizygous are indistinguishable from embryos that are both maternally and zygotically homozygous.

(McCartney et al., 1999)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Other

Statement

Reference

Apc2^ΔS, Apc^Q8 has lethal | larval stage phenotype

(Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^ΔS, Apc^Q8 has decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage phenotype

(Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^ΔS, Apc^Q8 has lethal | recessive | larval stage phenotype

(Akong et al., 2002)

Phenotype Manifest In

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

Apc2^ΔS is a non-enhancer of phenotype of arm⁸

(McCartney et al., 1999)

Apc2^ΔS is a non-enhancer of phenotype of pan³

(McCartney et al., 1999)

Apc2^ΔS is a non-enhancer of phenotype of dsh⁷⁵

(McCartney et al., 1999)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Apc2^ΔS is a suppressor of denticle phenotype of wg^l-17

(McCartney et al., 1999)

Apc2^ΔS is a suppressor of embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype of wg^l-17

(McCartney et al., 1999)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Apc2^ΔS is a non-suppressor of phenotype of arm⁸

(McCartney et al., 1999)

Apc2^ΔS is a non-suppressor of phenotype of dsh⁷⁵

(McCartney et al., 1999)

Apc2^ΔS is a non-suppressor of phenotype of pan³

(McCartney et al., 1999)

Other

Statement

Reference

Apc2^ΔS, Apc^Q8 has neuroblast | larval stage phenotype

(Akong et al., 2002)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Apc2^ΔS, Apc^Q8 double homozygotes die as second instar larvae. Double mutant second larval instar brains are essentially normal in size and the optic anlage has become epithelial. Second instar larval mushroom body neuroblasts proliferate as normal, but the number of other mitotic neuroblasts is drastically reduced relative to wild type. BrdU incorporation in the brain is drastically reduced in second instar larvae, with most labelled cells appearing to be mushroom body neuroblasts. The remaining larval neuroblasts retain the ability to divide asymetrically. The axonal scaffold is unaltered in Apc2^ΔS, Apc^Q8 double mutant embryos.

(Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^ΔS Apc^Q8 double zygotic mutants are embryonic viable and exhibit a wild-type cuticle pattern, but die as larvae. In the embryonic progeny of Apc2^ΔS Apc^Q8/Apc2^ΔS males and females crossed to each other, ventral cells secrete only naked cuticle. This is a more severe cuticle phenotype than that seen in Apc2^ΔS maternal and zygotic mutant embryos.

(Akong et al., 2002)

Partially rescues the wg^l-17 lawn of uniform denticles phenotype; the normal diversity of cuticular pattern elements and small expanses of naked cuticle are restored. The dsh⁷⁵ mutant phenotype (embryos both maternally and zygotically homozygous for dsh⁷⁵) is not affected if the embryos are also maternally and zygotically homozygous for Apc2^ΔS. The arm⁸ mutant phenotype is not affected if the embryos are also maternally and zygotically homozygous for Apc2^ΔS. The pan³ mutant phenotype is not affected if the embryos are also maternally and zygotically homozygous for Apc2^ΔS.

(McCartney et al., 1999)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Fails to complement

Apc2^f90

(Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^g10

(Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^g10

(Akong et al., 2002)

Apc2^N175K

(Hamada and Bienz, 2002)

Partially rescued by

Apc2^ΔS is partially rescued by Apc2^cMa

(McCartney et al., 2006)

Comments

Expression of the Apc2^cMa transgene partially rescues the nuclear retention phenotype of Apc2^ΔS syncytial embryos - the penetrance of the phenotype falls from 58% to only 15% in rescued embryos. Embryonic lethality is fully rescued in these embryos.

(McCartney et al., 2006)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (2)

Bloomington

5917

Diap1^th-1 st¹ cu¹ sr¹ Apc2^ΔS/TM6B, Tb¹

Kyoto

108486

Diap1^th-1 st¹ cu¹ sr¹ Apc2^ΔS/TM6B, Tb¹

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Comments

Apc2^ΔS is a less severe allele than Apc2^d40.

(Bejsovec, 2002.10.7)

Apc2 alleles can be divided into three categories based on their embryonic cuticle phenotypes, from weak to moderate to strong: Apc2^e90 = Apc2^b5 = Apc2^N175K < Apc2^c9 = Apc2^ΔS = Apc2^d40 < Apc2^g41 = Apc2^f90 = Apc2^g10.

(McCartney et al., 2006)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

APC2^ΔS

(McCartney et al., 2006, Akong et al., 2002, Akong et al., 2002)

APC^ΔS

(Barth and Nelson, 2002)

Apc2^ΔS

(Webb et al., 2009)

E-APC^ΔS

(Hamada and Bienz, 2002)

apc2^ΔS

(Chen et al., 2018, Yamashita et al., 2003)

apc2^Δs

(Cheng et al., 2011)

dAPC2^ΔS

(McCartney et al., 1999)

ΔS

(Bienz and Hamada, 2004)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (15)

Report Sections

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General Information
Nature of the Allele
Expression Data
Human Disease Associations
Phenotypic Data
Interactions
Complementation and Rescue Data
Images
Stocks
Notes On Origin
Comments
Crossreferences
Synonyms and Secondary IDs
References