FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\atl[2]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\atl²

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0241215

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\atl

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Genomic Maps

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Allele class

loss of function allele

Mutagen

P-element activity

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

loss of function allele

(Lee et al., 2009)

Mutagen

P-element activity

(Lee et al., 2009)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

deletion

3R:24,630,917..24,632,510 [+]

Comment:

A 1594bp deletion resulting from the imprecise excision of P{EP}atl¹. The deletion extends downstream from the insertion site into atl and removes the third exon and part of the fourth exon.

(Lee et al., 2009)

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype

P{EP}atl¹

(Lee et al., 2009)

Cytology

Nature of the lesion

Statement

Reference

Imprecise excision of the progenitor insertion, resulting in a 1594bp deletion that removes atl sequence including exon 3 and through part of exon 4.

(Lee et al., 2009)

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

(Lee et al., 2009)

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive

(Lee et al., 2009)

neuroanatomy defective | larval stage

(Lee et al., 2009)

neuroanatomy defective | larval stage (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

(Lee et al., 2009)

neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage

(Summerville et al., 2016)

neurophysiology defective | third instar larval stage

(Summerville et al., 2016)

size defective | dominant | larval stage

(Rao et al., 2016)

small body | larval stage (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

(O'Sullivan et al., 2013)

small body | recessive

(Lee et al., 2009)

some die during pupal stage (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

(Lee et al., 2009)

some die during pupal stage | recessive

(Lee et al., 2009)

sterile | recessive

(Lee et al., 2009)

wound healing defective | dominant | larval stage

(Rao et al., 2016)

Phenotype Manifest In

abdominal 2 ventral longitudinal muscle 3 (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

(Lee et al., 2009)

abdominal 2 ventral longitudinal muscle 4 (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

(Lee et al., 2009)

axon | larval stage

(Rao et al., 2016)

embryonic/larval motor neuron | third instar larval stage

(Summerville et al., 2016)

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage

(Summerville et al., 2016)

endoplasmic reticulum | third instar larval stage

(Summerville et al., 2016)

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaE | larval stage

(Rao et al., 2016)

microtubule & embryonic/larval somatic muscle (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

(Lee et al., 2009)

NMJ bouton

(Lee et al., 2009)

NMJ bouton (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

(Lee et al., 2009)

postsynaptic membrane (with Df(3R)Exel7357)

(Lee et al., 2009)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

atl² heterozygous larval ddaE neurons exhibit defects in axon regeneration, shown by a significant decrease in axon length at 96h after laser-induced severance, as compared to controls.

(Rao et al., 2016)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) crossbridges are almost completely eliminated and the long straight ER tubules (seen in wild type) become wavy in motor neuron initial axon segments of atl²/atl² third instar larvae; in mutant motor neuron nerve terminals there is ER fragmentation (basket structures are eliminated and the ER signal is diffuse); there is little effect on ER morphology in mutant motor neuron cell bodies.

Excitatory junction potential (EJP) amplitude is significantly decreased (at 0.1 or 0.6 mM Ca[2+]) at the neuromuscular junction of atl²/atl² third instar larvae compared to controls. As bath Ca[2+] concentration increases, transmitter release in atl²/atl² larvae becomes progressively more similar to wild type (partial rescue at 1.5 mM). There is a small but significant increase in mini EJP (mEJP) amplitude in atl²/atl² mutants (mean of 4 pooled Ca[2+] concentrations). Reduction in EJP corresponds with a decrease in the frequency of successful synaptic transmission in atl²/atl² third instar larvae.

The number and size of active zones is not significantly different to wild type in atl²/atl² mutants.

(Summerville et al., 2016)

Homozygotes and atl²/Df(3R)Exel7357 animals survive only to pupal stages with few adult escapers (8%). The escapers have a smaller body size than controls and are sterile.

atl²/Df(3R)Exel7357 larvae show a mild defect in synaptic growth at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ); type Ib boutons are more clustered at the terminal regions of NMJ branches than in wild type, due to increased satellite bouton formation. Average bouton number per NMJ (at muscles 6/7 of abdominal segment 2) in atl²/Df(3R)Exel7357 larvae is approximately 17% higher at 25[o]C and approximately 42% higher at 18[o]C compared to controls. Although there is an increased in the total number of boutons, the proportion of Ib and Is boutons is unchanged compared to wild type.

The combined surface area of muscles 6 and 7 of segment A2 is reduced by approximately 31% at 25[o]C and is reduced by approximately 17% at 18[o]C in atl²/Df(3R)Exel7357 larvae compared to controls.

Bouton number normalised to muscle surface area is increased by approximately 70% in atl²/Df(3R)Exel7357 larvae at both 18 and 25[o]C.

The cross-sectional midline area of type Ib boutons at the NMJ of muscles 6/7 is decreased by approximately 44% compared to wild type in atl²/Df(3R)Exel7357 larvae.

atl²/Df(3R)Exel7357 neuromuscular junctions often form small satellite boutons. These satellite boutons share a common SSR with their parental boutons and contain clear synaptic vesicles and T-bars at active zones, suggesting that they may form functional synapses.

The subsynaptic reticulum (SSR) is less extensive than normal in atl²/Df(3R)Exel7357 larvae and is structurally disorganised. The boundary between the SSR and muscle cell-cytoplasm is not clearly defined. SSR thickness (the distance between the presynaptic membrane and the outermost boundary of the SSR) is reduced by 36%. There is a 53% reduction in the cross-sectional area of the SSR and a 66% reduction in the cross-sectional area of the SSR cisterna, resulting in a 27% decrease in the ratio of the SSR cisterna area to the SSR area compared to wild type. The density of the SSR membranes (number of membrane layers per μm) is unaltered.

At 25[o]C, homozygous larvae show an increase in bouton number/muscle area at the NMJ.

The body wall muscles of atl²/Df(3R)Exel7357 larvae contain more prominent microtubules than wild-type muscles.

(Lee et al., 2009)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

atl² has neurophysiology defective | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by Rtnl1^1.W/Rtnl1^1.W

(Summerville et al., 2016)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

atl²/atl² is a suppressor of neurophysiology defective | third instar larval stage phenotype of Rtnl1^1.W

(Summerville et al., 2016)

Phenotype Manifest In

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

atl² has embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by Rtnl1^1.W/Rtnl1^1.W

(Summerville et al., 2016)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

atl²/atl² is a suppressor of embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage phenotype of Rtnl1^1.W

(Summerville et al., 2016)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Rtnl1^1.W/Rtnl1^1.W significantly suppresses the reduced EJP amplitude phenotype (at 0.6 mM Ca[2+]) at the NMJ in atl²/atl² third instar larvae.

(Summerville et al., 2016)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

atl² is rescued by Scer\GAL4^arm.PS/atl^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Summerville et al., 2016)

atl² is rescued by Scer\GAL4^arm.PS/atl^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Summerville et al., 2016)

atl² is rescued by atl^+t13

(Lee et al., 2009)

Partially rescued by

Df(3R)Exel7357/atl² is partially rescued by atl^UAS.cLa/Scer\GAL4^C57

(Lee et al., 2009)

Not rescued by

Df(3R)Exel7357/atl² is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/atl^UAS.cLa

(Lee et al., 2009)

Comments

Expression of atl^{Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} driven by Scer\GAL4^arm.PS significantly rescues decreased EJP amplitude at the NMJ of atl²/atl² third instar larvae.

(Summerville et al., 2016)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (0)

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (1)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

atl²

(Espadas et al., 2019, Xu et al., 2017, Rao et al., 2016, Summerville et al., 2016, O'Sullivan et al., 2013, Lee et al., 2009)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (6)

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