FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Dll

antennal anlage in statu nascendi

(Cohen et al., 1989)

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism | faint | ubiquitous

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

antennal anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

clypeo-labral anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

lateral head epidermis

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

antennal primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

clypeo-labral primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

lateral head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

procephalic neurogenic region | anterior

(Lemons et al., 2010)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

antennal primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Bolwig organ primordium

Comment: reported as larval eye primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

clypeo-labral primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

labial sensory complex primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

maxillary sensory complex primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral imaginal tissue

Comment: reported as ventral imaginal precursor specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic brain

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic head epidermis

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic head sensory system

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral imaginal tissue

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

second instar larval stage

(Cohen et al., 1989)

(Cohen et al., 1989)

Additional Descriptive Data

Dll is transcribed in the anterior protocerebral neurectoderm in a pattern that overlaps btd.

(Lemons et al., 2010)

Dll is normally expressed in the imaginal limb primordia of segments T1, T2, and T3 in embryos. In BXC^- embryos, expression is also seen in ectopic primordia in segments A1-A9.

(Simcox et al., 1991)

Dll transcripts are detected initially in post blastoderm embryos and are present at increased levels during late embryogenesis. They are also expressed in all three larval instars with the lowest level in 2nd instar. Later stages were not tested.

(Cohen et al., 1989)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

No Assay Recorded

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

extended germ band stage

maxillary segment

(Vachon et al., 1992)

dorsal metathoracic disc primordium

(Vachon et al., 1992)

labral segment

(Vachon et al., 1992)

labial disc primordium

(Vachon et al., 1992)

dorsal prothoracic disc primordium

(Vachon et al., 1992)

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

thoracic segment | segmentally repeated

Comment: straddles anterior/posterior compartment boundary

(Gebelein et al., 2004)

head segment | segmentally repeated

(Gebelein et al., 2004)

antennal primordium | restricted

(Uhl et al., 2016, Grenier and Carroll, 2000)

(Plavicki et al., 2012)

maxillary sensory complex primordium | restricted

(Plavicki et al., 2012)

embryonic antennal segment

(Plavicki et al., 2012)

embryonic mandibular segment

(Plavicki et al., 2012)

embryonic maxillary segment

(Plavicki et al., 2012)

embryonic labial segment

(Plavicki et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 17

embryonic antennal sense organ

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

terminal organ

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

ventral organ

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

Keilin's organ

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

brain | restricted

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

A-subperineurial glial cell (supraesophageal)

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

supraesophageal ganglion neuron

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

embryonic stage 12 -- 17

glial cell | subset of larval ventral nerve cord

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

embryonic stage 13

embryonic antennal segment | restricted

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

embryonic maxillary segment | restricted

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

embryonic labial segment | restricted

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

embryonic thoracic segment | restricted

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

embryonic stage 16

dorsal organ ganglion

(Plavicki et al., 2012)

terminal organ ganglion

(Plavicki et al., 2012)

ventral organ ganglion

(Plavicki et al., 2012)

thecogen cell

(Plavicki et al., 2012)

tormogen cell

(Plavicki et al., 2012)

trichogen cell

(Plavicki et al., 2012)

larval stage

glial cell | subset of larval ventral nerve cord

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

brain | restricted

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

glial cell | subset of adult ventral nerve cord

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

embryonic/larval optic lobe

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

larval outer optic anlage | restricted

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

optic lobe neuroepithelial cell

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

larval stage -- adult stage

chemosensory neuron

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

medulla

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

second instar larval stage

antennal disc | restricted

(Wang and Sun, 2012)

pupal stage P6

bract of tibia

(Mou et al., 2012)

adult olfactory receptor neuron

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

adult optic lobe

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

Additional Descriptive Data

In contrast to Dll expression in the brain, which includes both neurons and glia, Dll expression in the VNC (ventral nerve cord) is exclusively glial. In the embryonic VNC, Dll is expressed in both cell body associated glia and dorsal longitudinal glia. Both are subsets of the lateral glia.

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

Dll expression can be detected in the optic lobes during larval and adult stages. However, in contrast to Dll expression in other sensory systems, expression seems to be limited to brain processing regions and is not detected in retinal neurons or their support cells.

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

Dll is expressed in the embryonic precursors of the dorsal organ (antennal primordium) and terminal organ (maxillary sensory complex primordium), continuing into those organs through the third larval instar. During sense organ specification, Dll protein is coexpressed with the proneural transcription factor ato and sense organ transcription factor sens in subsets of sensory organ precursors in the head segments. By embryonic stage 16, sens is expressed in the ganglia of the dorsal organ, terminal organ, and ventral organ, as well as in some of the eo support cells (thecogen, tormogen, and trichogen cells).

(Plavicki et al., 2012)

Dll expression was compared in the wing and haltere discs. Expression is present along the D/V axis in wing but not haltere.

(Slattery et al., 2011)

Dll protein is detected in third instar larval antennal discs in the primordia of antennal segments 1, 2 and 3 and in the arista primordia.

(Emmons et al., 2007)

At embryonic stage 11, Dll is expressed in a group of cells straddling the anterior/posterior compartment boundary of the thoracic hemisegments, as well as in the segments of the head.

(Gebelein et al., 2004)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Vachon et al., 1992)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: M{Dll-lacZ.DMEact}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

(Uhl et al., 2016)

abdomen | restricted | segmentally repeated

(Uhl et al., 2016)

Reporter: P{DME-lacZ}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

(Gebelein et al., 2002)

Reporter: P{GAL4}Dll⁹⁸¹

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage -- prepupal stage P3

imaginal disc | central | restricted

(Rodrigues, 2003.5.23)

antennal disc | restricted

Comment: expression ends 4 hr

(Jhaveri et al., 2000)

pupal stage

antennal disc

(Sen et al., 2004)

Reporter: P{GAL4}MD728

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

male genital disc | restricted

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1999)

female genital disc | restricted

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1999)

Reporter: P{GawB}Dll^em212

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

male genital disc | restricted

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1999)

female genital disc | restricted

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1999)

Reporter: P{GawB}Dll^md23

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval outer optic anlage | restricted

head | restricted

(Calleja et al., 1996)

thorax | restricted

(Calleja et al., 1996)

pupal stage & adult stage

leg | restricted

(Calleja et al., 1996)

antenna | restricted

(Calleja et al., 1996)

wing | restricted

(Calleja et al., 1996)

pupal stage

(Morante et al., 2011)

cell body rind of adult medulla

(Morante et al., 2011)

embryonic stage 10 -- 17

embryonic head | restricted

(Marquez et al., 2001)

embryonic thoracic segment

embryonic head segment

(Calleja et al., 1996)

(Calleja et al., 1996)

embryonic stage 12 -- 14

dorsal thoracic disc primordium

(Inoue and Hayashi, 2007)

prothoracic segment | restricted

(Inoue and Hayashi, 2007)

metathoracic segment | restricted

(Inoue and Hayashi, 2007)

larval stage

antennal disc | restricted

(Mukherjee et al., 2000)

ventral thoracic disc | restricted

(Mukherjee et al., 2000)

male genital disc | restricted

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1999)

female genital disc | restricted

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1999)

wing disc | restricted

(Marquez et al., 2001)

larval outer optic anlage | restricted

(Morante et al., 2011)

second segment of antenna

femur

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1997)

arista

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1997)

tarsal segment

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1997)

leg | distal

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1997)

surstylus

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1999)

wing vein | distal

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1997)

wing margin

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1997)

antenna | distal

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1997)

trochanter

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1997)

female gonopod

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1999)

wing | distal

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1997)

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1997)

alula

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1997)

third segment of antenna

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1997)

cercus

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1999)

tibia

(Gorfinkiel et al., 1997)

adult optic lobe | restricted

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

medullary intrinsic neuron Mi5

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

medullary intrinsic neuron Mi12

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm2

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm4

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm5

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

centrifugal neuron C3

(Morante and Desplan, 2008)

Reporter: P{lacZ^Dll.304}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

labial segment

(Vachon et al., 1992)

antenna

(Vachon et al., 1992)

leg

(Vachon et al., 1992)

(Gebelein et al., 2002, Grenier and Carroll, 2000)

embryonic stage 17

(Galant et al., 2002)

Reporter: P{PZ}Dll⁰¹⁰⁹²

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

organism | segmentally repeated

thoracic segment

(Jackle and Janning, 1998.8.10)

(Jackle and Janning, 1998.8.10)

presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system

(Jackle and Janning, 1998.8.10)

head

(Jackle and Janning, 1998.8.10)

imaginal disc primordium

(Jackle and Janning, 1998.8.10)

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system | restricted

(Jackle and Janning, 1998.8.10)

larval stage

glial cell | subset of larval ventral nerve cord

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

brain | restricted

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

wandering third instar larval stage

dorsal organ

(Plavicki et al., 2012)

terminal organ

(Plavicki et al., 2012)

imaginal disc

(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)

epidermis

(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)

embryonic/larval cuticle

(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)

embryonic/larval somatic muscle

(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)

View Dmel\Dll in GBrowse 2

adult fat body

(Vosshall, 1998.8.10)

cercus

(Moreno and Morata, 1999)

adult central complex

(Vosshall, 1998.8.10)

adult brain | restricted

(Vosshall, 1998.8.10)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Dll

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Dll

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0000157

DRscDB

37973/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas

FBgn0000157

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG3629-RB;CG3629-RB;CG3629-RA

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG3629

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000157

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 28 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 18 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Dll

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Dll

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 18 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 18 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2R)BSC602

(Christensen et al., 2008.9.3)

Df(2R)BSC604

(Christensen et al., 2008.9.3)

Df(2R)BSC605

(Christensen et al., 2008.9.3)

Df(2R)BSC856

(Christensen et al., 2009.7.22)

Df(2R)bw^VDe2LPx^KR

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Df(2R)Dll4

(Sunkel and Whittle, 1987)

Df(2R)Dll-MP

(Castelli-Gair and Akam, 1995, Gindhart and Kaufman, 1995)

In(2R)Dll^B

(Castelli-Gair and Akam, 1995)

T(2;3)Dll¹⁵

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Gene partially duplicated in

Dp(2;Y)bw⁺c

(Sunkel and Whittle, 1987)

Gene duplicated in

Dp(2;2)D11

(Emmons et al., 2007)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal (with Dll³)

Dll^md23

lethal (with Dll⁹)

Dll^md23

lethal (with Dll^md23)

lethal | male limited, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Dll^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

lethal | male limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Dll^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

Dll¹

lethal - all die before end of P-stage | recessive

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive

partially lethal | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Dll^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

partially lethal | female limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Dll^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

viable

Dll⁹

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Dll^GD4607

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Dll^GD4607

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Dll^GD4607

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal chemosensitive behavior, with Scer\GAL4^Dll-md23

Dll^JF02499

abnormal chemosensitive behavior, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Dll^JF02499

abnormal chemosensitive behavior, with Scer\GAL4^{Orco.2.642.Hsim\VP22}

Dll^JF02499

abnormal chemosensitive behavior | dominant | embryonic stage

Dll¹⁷

abnormal chemosensitive behavior | larval stage (with Dll³)

Dll¹⁷

abnormal chemosensitive behavior | larval stage (with Dll¹⁷)

Dll³

abnormal neuroanatomy | dominant | embryonic stage

Dll⁷

abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage (with Dll³)

Dll¹⁷

abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage (with Dll¹⁷)

Dll³

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with Dll¹)

Dll³

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with Dll³)

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with Dll¹⁷)

Dll³

decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

homeotic (with Dll³)

homeotic (with Dll⁷)

Dll³

homeotic (with Dll⁹)

Dll^md23

homeotic (with Dll^md23)

homeotic | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

Dll^UAS.cGa

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

some die during larval stage | recessive

Dll¹

some die during pharate adult stage | recessive

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Dll^KK109408

visible, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Dll^UAS.cMa

visible (with Df(2R)ED4065)

Dll^R28

visible (with Dll¹⁵)

Dll¹⁷

visible (with Dll¹⁷)

Dll¹⁵

visible | dominant

visible | dominant | cold sensitive

Dll¹

visible | homeotic

Dll^IM1

visible | homeotic | recessive

visible | recessive

visible | recessive | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

visible | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult cuticle | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

adult head, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

Dll^UAS.cBa

adult hindgut

Dll³

adult hindgut, with Scer\GAL4^cad-em459

Dll^UAS.cGa

analia | precursor, with Scer\GAL4^cad-em459

Dll^UAS.cGa

antenna

antenna (with Dll³)

antenna (with Dll⁷)

Dll³

antenna (with Dll⁹)

Dll^md23

antenna (with Dll^md23)

antenna | cold sensitive

Dll¹

antenna | distal

Dll^PK

antenna | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^C-68a

Dll^UAS.cGa

antenna | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

Dll^UAS.cBa

antenna | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Dll^UAS.cGa

antenna | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^upd1-E132

Dll^UAS.cGa

antennal segment 2 & macrochaeta

Dll³

antennal sense organ

arista

arista | cold sensitive

Dll¹

arista | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

Dll^UAS.cBa

arista | proximal

arista | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

bract (with Df(2R)ED4065)

Dll^R28

cercus, with Scer\GAL4^cad-em459

Dll^UAS.cGa

cercus | male

cercus | male | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

cercus | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

distiproboscis | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

dorsal double row | somatic clone | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

dorsal organ | embryonic stage

dorsal organ | larval stage (with Dll¹)

Dll³

dorsal organ | larval stage (with Dll³)

dorsal organ | larval stage (with Dll¹⁷)

Dll³

dorsal triple row | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

embryonic/larval labial organ

epiproct | female | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

eye, with Scer\GAL4^upd1-E132

Dll^UAS.cGa

female genitalia, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

Dll^UAS.cGa

female gonopod

femur

femur (with Df(2R)ED4065)

Dll^R28

femur (with Dll¹⁵)

Dll¹⁷

femur (with Dll¹⁷)

Dll¹⁵

femur & macrochaeta

Dll³

femur | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

haltere, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

Dll^UAS.cGa

head, with Scer\GAL4^C-68a

Dll^UAS.cGa

head, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Dll^UAS.cGa

hypostomal sclerite

Keilin's organ

Kenyon cell | embryonic stage 12, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Dll^JF02499

Kenyon cell | embryonic stage 12, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

Dll^JF02499

Kenyon cell | embryonic stage 12 (with Dll³)

Dll⁷

Kenyon cell | embryonic stage 12 (with Dll⁷)

Dll³

leg

leg | distal

Dll^PK

leg | distal | ectopic | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

Dll^UAS.cGa

leg | ectopic

leg | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

Dll^UAS.cGa

leg | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

Dll^UAS.cGa

leg | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

Dll^UAS.cBa

leg | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^upd1-E132

Dll^UAS.cGa

leg | ectopic (with Dll³)

leg | ectopic (with Dll⁷)

Dll³

leg | ectopic (with Dll^md23)

Dll³

leg | ectopic | proximal | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

Dll^UAS.cGa

leg | proximal, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

Dll^UAS.cGa

leg | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

leg joint, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Dll^UAS.cMa

macrochaeta & leg | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

macrochaeta | ectopic

Dll³

male genitalia, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

Dll^UAS.cGa

medial triple row | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

mesothoracic femoral bract | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

mesothoracic leg disc | larval stage

Dll¹⁷

mesothoracic tibial bract | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

metatarsus

metathoracic femoral bract | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

metathoracic leg disc | larval stage

Dll¹⁷

metathoracic tibial bract | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

mushroom body medial lobe | embryonic stage 12, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Dll^JF02499

mushroom body medial lobe | embryonic stage 12, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

Dll^JF02499

mushroom body medial lobe | embryonic stage 12 (with Dll³)

Dll⁷

mushroom body medial lobe | embryonic stage 12 (with Dll⁷)

Dll³

mushroom body pedunculus | embryonic stage 12, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Dll^JF02499

mushroom body pedunculus | embryonic stage 12, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

Dll^JF02499

mushroom body pedunculus | embryonic stage 12 (with Dll³)

Dll⁷

mushroom body pedunculus | embryonic stage 12 (with Dll⁷)

Dll³

mushroom body vertical lobe | embryonic stage 12, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Dll^JF02499

mushroom body vertical lobe | embryonic stage 12, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

Dll^JF02499

mushroom body vertical lobe | embryonic stage 12 (with Dll³)

Dll⁷

mushroom body vertical lobe | embryonic stage 12 (with Dll⁷)

Dll³

peripheral nervous system

Dll^unspecified

prothoracic femoral bract | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

prothoracic leg disc | larval stage

Dll¹⁷

prothoracic metatarsus

Dll¹¹

prothoracic tibial bract | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

second segment of antenna

Dll³

second segment of antenna | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

sex comb

Dll¹¹

sex comb | ectopic

Dll¹¹

tarsal segment

tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL4^Dll-em212

Dll^UAS.cGa

tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Dll^UAS.cMa

tarsal segment (with Df(2R)ED4065)

Dll^R28

tarsal segment (with Dll³)

tarsal segment (with Dll⁷)

Dll³

tarsal segment (with Dll⁹)

Dll^md23

tarsal segment (with Dll¹⁵)

Dll¹⁷

tarsal segment (with Dll¹⁷)

Dll¹⁵

tarsal segment (with Dll^md23)

tarsal segment | distal

Dll²

tarsal segment | ectopic

tarsal segment | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

terminal organ

terminal organ | embryonic stage

third segment of antenna

third segment of antenna (with Dll³)

Dll^md23

third segment of antenna (with Dll^md23)

Dll³

third segment of antenna | cold sensitive

Dll¹

third segment of antenna | distal

third segment of antenna | distal (with Dll³)

Dll⁷

third segment of antenna | distal (with Dll⁷)

Dll³

third segment of antenna | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

tibia

tibia (with Df(2R)ED4065)

Dll^R28

tibia (with Dll¹⁵)

Dll¹⁷

tibia (with Dll¹⁷)

Dll¹⁵

tibia & macrochaeta

Dll³

tibia | ectopic

tibia | proximal | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

tibia | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

trochanter

Dll³

trochanter | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

unguis

Dll⁹

unguis (with Dll³)

Dll⁷

unguis (with Dll⁷)

Dll³

unguis | ectopic

Dll⁹

ventral double row | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

ventral thoracic disc | proximal, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

Dll^UAS.cWa

ventral thoracic disc | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

ventral triple row

Dll¹⁷

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Dll^KK109408

wing, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

Dll^UAS.cBa

wing, with Scer\GAL4^upd1-E132

Dll^UAS.cGa

wing & macrochaeta | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

wing | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Dll^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

wing | female limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Dll^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

wing | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

Dll^UAS.cGa

wing blade anterior compartment | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

wing blade posterior compartment | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

wing margin, with Scer\GAL4^NP7148

Dll^UAS.cMa

wing margin | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

wing margin bristle | cell autonomous | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

wing margin bristle | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

wing vein | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

wing vein | somatic clone

Dll¹⁷

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (27)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\DLX1

7 of 15

Yes

Hsap\DLX6

7 of 15

Yes

Hsap\DLX4

6 of 15

Yes

Hsap\DLX3

4 of 15

Yes

Hsap\DLX2

3 of 15

Yes

Hsap\DLX5

3 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\DUX4L2

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\DUX4L4

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\DUX4L9

1 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\VAX1

1 of 15

Hsap\VAX2

1 of 15

Hsap\VENTX

1 of 15

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (26)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Dlx1

9 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Dlx4

6 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Dlx6

6 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Dlx5

3 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Dlx2

2 of 15

Mmus\Dlx3

2 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Vax1

1 of 15

Mmus\Vax2

1 of 15

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (21)

Rnor\Dlx4

6 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Dlx1

5 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Dlx3

4 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Dlx5

4 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Dlx6

2 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Cdx2

1 of 13

Rnor\Cdx4

1 of 13

Rnor\Dlx2

1 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Emx1

1 of 13

Rnor\Emx2

1 of 13

Rnor\Hoxc13

1 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Hoxd13

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (20)

Xtro\dlx1

4 of 12

Yes

Xtro\dlx4

4 of 12

Yes

Xtro\dlx6

4 of 12

Yes

Xtro\dlx2

3 of 12

Yes

Xtro\dlx5

2 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (33)

Drer\dlx4a

10 of 15

Yes

Drer\dlx1a

9 of 15

Yes

Drer\dlx4b

8 of 15

Yes

Drer\dlx6a

8 of 15

Yes

Drer\dlx2b

4 of 15

Yes

Drer\dlx2a

2 of 15

Yes

Drer\dlx3b

2 of 15

Yes

Drer\dlx5a

2 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\hoxc13a

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\hoxd13a

1 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\six4a

1 of 15

Drer\urad

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\vax1

1 of 15

Drer\vax2

1 of 15

Drer\vent

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\vox

1 of 15

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (12)

Cele\ceh-43

9 of 15

Yes

Cele\ceh-51

2 of 15

Yes

Cele\ceh-2

1 of 15

Cele\ceh-5

1 of 15

Cele\ceh-7

1 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (4)

Atha\HB-1

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\HB-3

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\HB17

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\HB51

1 of 9

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

No records found.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

No records found.

Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190DP7 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA17570

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL16779

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK21675

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ21278

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI20035

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH23479

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH20363

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150D1W )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Mdoa\17023878

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY004390

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_12107

Mayetiola destructor

Hessian fly

Mdes\Mdes010746

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL001780

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL001776

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC003417

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP007058

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ004948

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ004949

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0FOS )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS205579-PA

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL008499

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL008500

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\3444639412

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\GB40095

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bimp\BIMP21680

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Bter\15205185

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH50000

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:002f8f

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG006297

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Dpod\YQE_10539

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\dll

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM031280

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC003990

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC003991

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI36103

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0GKP )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR003755

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW020504

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM61865.1

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM65458.1

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur20g03080

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_347445

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )

No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (8)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

bsh

2 of 10

CG15696

2 of 10

cad

1 of 10

CG18599

1 of 10

ems

1 of 10

HGTX

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 5 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

DLX4; distal-less homeobox 4

model of orofacial cleft 15

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

DLX3; distal-less homeobox 3

model of amelogenesis imperfecta type 4

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of trichodontoosseous syndrome

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

DLX5; distal-less homeobox 5

model of split hand-foot malformation 1

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of split hand-foot malformation 1 with sensorineural hearing loss

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

DLX1; distal-less homeobox 1

7 of 15

600029

DLX6; distal-less homeobox 6

7 of 15

600030

DLX4; distal-less homeobox 4

6 of 15

601911

OROFACIAL CLEFT 15; OFC15

orofacial cleft 15

DLX3; distal-less homeobox 3

4 of 15

600525

DLX2; distal-less homeobox 2

3 of 15

126255

DLX5; distal-less homeobox 5

3 of 15

600028

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

pull down, tag visualisation

(Cheng et al., 2013)

Dll - Abd-B

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Baëza et al., 2015)

Dll - Antp

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Baëza et al., 2015)

Dll - C15

pull down, autoradiography

(Mojica-Vázquez et al., 2017)

Dll - CG11247

(Shokri et al., 2019)

Dll - CG13204

(Shokri et al., 2019)

Dll - CG14860

(Shokri et al., 2019)

Dll - CG3919

(Shokri et al., 2019)

Dll - CG44250

two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

Dll - CG4820

pull down, autoradiography, two hybrid array

(Shokri et al., 2019)

Dll - Dref

(Shokri et al., 2019, Hayashi et al., 2006)

Dll - Dsp1

two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

Dll - Scr

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Baëza et al., 2015)

Dll - Sp1

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Shokri et al., 2019)

Dll - Ubx

(Bischof et al., 2018, Baëza et al., 2015)

Dll - Zif

pull down, tag visualisation

(Cheng et al., 2013)

Dll - abd-A

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Bischof et al., 2018, Baëza et al., 2015)

Dll - dmrt11E

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Shokri et al., 2019)

Dll - exd

(Bischof et al., 2018)

Dll - l(1)sc

(Shokri et al., 2019)

Dll - mirr

(Shokri et al., 2019)

Dll - opa

(Shokri et al., 2019)

Dll - p53

(Shokri et al., 2019)

Dll - rn

(Shokri et al., 2019)

Dll - sv

View in Interactions Browser

(Shokri et al., 2019)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Dey et al., 2009)

enhanceable

(Dey et al., 2009)

enhanceable

(Dong et al., 2000)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

BEAF-32

enhanceable

(Yamaguchi et al., 2001)

btd

suppressible

(Estella and Mann, 2010)

Dref

enhanceable

(Hirose et al., 2001)

Nf-YA

suppressible

(Yoshioka et al., 2007)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Adachi-Yamada et al., 2005)

Su(z)2

enhanceable