FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Nin
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Nin
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Ninein
Annotation Symbol
CG14025
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000228
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
10 publicly available
Gene Summary
Ninein (Nin) encodes the ortholog of Ninein, a microtubule-anchoring protein in humans. Nin is highly expressed at blastoderm stage embryos and its product localizes to the centrosome periphery. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-06] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Bsg25D

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
25D2-25D3
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-16
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:5271728..5278548
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (4 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables microtubule binding
inferred from direct assay
(Kowanda et al., 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in microtubule organizing center attachment site organization
inferred from direct assay
(Zheng et al., 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in centrosome
inferred from direct assay
(Kowanda et al., 2016)
located_in pericentriolar material
inferred from direct assay
(Zheng et al., 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Ninein (Nin) encodes the ortholog of Ninein, a microtubule-anchoring protein in humans. Nin is highly expressed at blastoderm stage embryos and its product localizes to the centrosome periphery. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-06]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required for the positioning and anchorage of the microtubule minus-ends in various cells (PubMed:27422905, PubMed:30626718, PubMed:32066907). In fat body cells, part of perinuclear non-centrosomal microtubule-organizing centers (ncMTOCs) which function to accommodate the organization of microtubule (MT) networks to control nuclear positioning and dynein motor-based retrograde endosomal trafficking (PubMed:32066907). Within the ncMTOCs, Msp300 and shot anchors the ncMTOC at the nuclear surface and recruits the MT minus-end regulators Patronin and Nin for assembly, anchoring and/or stabilization of circumferential and radial MTs at the ncMTOC (PubMed:32066907). This protein may also function with Patronin to recruit msps to the ncMTOC for the gamma-tubulin-independent elongation of radial MTs (PubMed:32066907). In embryonic myotubes and larval myofibers, functions with ens to regulate myonuclear positioning and, as a consequence, is involved in muscle development (PubMed:30626718). Likely functions by positively regulating ens (PubMed:30626718). Essential for embryogenesis, likely by contributing to accurate chromosome segregation during early embryonic nuclear divisions (PubMed:27422905). However, other reports found that it is not essential for embryogenesis or embryonic cellular divisions (PubMed:27053665, PubMed:30626718).
(UniProt, P11929)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
7
Number of Unique Polypeptides
7

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Nin for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P11929)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.43

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Nin-RB
FBtr0079084
NM_164637
4585
1091
Nin-RC
FBtr0079085
NM_164638
4065
1032
Nin-RD
FBtr0302567
NM_001201769
2514
769
Nin-RE
FBtr0302568
NM_001201770
4549
1079
Nin-RF
FBtr0310624
NM_001273163
4525
1071
Nin-RG
FBtr0310625
NM_001273164
4666
1118
Nin-RH
FBtr0342939
NM_057568
3010
820
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

4.5, 2.7 (northern blot)

(Boyer et al., 1987)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Nin-PB
FBpp0078718
122.9
1091
4.87
P11929
NP_723072
AAF52235
Nin-PC
FBpp0078719
116.6
1032
5.01
Q8IPK8
NP_723073
AAN10536
Nin-PD
FBpp0291723
87.2
769
4.72
C9QPC2
NP_001188698
ADV36948
Nin-PE
FBpp0291724
121.6
1079
4.89
M9MRD3
NP_001188699
ADV36949
Nin-PF
FBpp0302744
120.8
1071
4.89
M9PB42
NP_001260092
AGB92628
Nin-PG
FBpp0302745
126.0
1118
5.01
M9PC27
NP_001260093
AGB92629
Nin-PH
FBpp0309716
92.7
820
4.62
P11929
NP_476916
AAN10537
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

741 (aa)

(Boyer et al., 1987)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with ens.

(UniProt, P11929)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Nin using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.08

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
pole plasm

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 1 -- 5
epithelial cell
(Lecuyer et al., 2007)
epithelium
(Lecuyer et al., 2007)
embryonic stage 2 -- 3
pole bud
(Kowanda et al., 2016)
embryonic stage 4 -- 5
yolk nucleus
(Lecuyer et al., 2007)
embryo
(Lecuyer et al., 2007)
primordial germ cell
(Kowanda et al., 2016)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
central brain anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
pole plasm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
primordial germ cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
pars intercerebralis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
somatic muscle primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
dorsal pharyngeal muscle cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval muscle system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval somatic muscle cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
oogenesis stage S2 -- S10
oocyte
(Kowanda et al., 2016)
oogenesis stage S10 -- S14
oocyte | anterior
(Kowanda et al., 2016)
oocyte | posterior
(Kowanda et al., 2016)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 12

Comment: reference states <=8 hr AEL

(Boyer et al., 1987)
blastoderm stage
(Boyer et al., 1987)
Additional Descriptive Data

Bsg25D transcripts accumulate in the oocyte from stage S2 and become concentrated at the anterior and posterior poles of the oocyte from stage S10. They are concentrated at the posterior end of early embryo in the pole buds and pole cells.

(Kowanda et al., 2016)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 2 -- 3
pole bud
(Kowanda et al., 2016)
embryonic stage 4 -- 5
primordial germ cell
(Kowanda et al., 2016)
oogenesis stage S2 -- S10
oocyte
(Kowanda et al., 2016)
oogenesis stage S10 -- S14
oocyte | posterior
(Kowanda et al., 2016)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
day 5 of adulthood | male -- day 7 of adulthood | male
spermatozoon
(Wasbrough et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data

Bsg25D protein accumulates in the oocyte from stage S2 and become concentrated at the posterior poles of the oocyte from stage S10. It is concentrated at the posterior end of early embryo in the pole buds and pole cells.

(Kowanda et al., 2016)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in centrosome
inferred from direct assay
(Kowanda et al., 2016)
located_in pericentriolar material
inferred from direct assay
(Zheng et al., 2016)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Nin in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 8 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 24 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Nin
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Nin
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2L)Exel6011
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
partially lethal - majority live
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable, with Scer\GAL4wor.PU
viable (with Df(2L)Exel6011)
Sterility
Allele
fertile
fertile, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
fertile, with Scer\GAL4wor.PU
fertile (with Df(2L)Exel6011)
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage
abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
abnormal mitotic cell cycle
abnormal size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
decreased cell number
majority die during embryonic stage
majority die during embryonic stage | recessive
some die during larval stage
some die during pupal stage
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
dorsal appendage | maternal effect, with Df(2L)Exel6011/NinNull
dorsal appendage | maternal effect (with Df(2L)Exel6011), with NinUASp.CR.EGFP
egg | maternal effect, with Df(2L)Exel6011/NinNull
egg | maternal effect (with Df(2L)Exel6011), with NinUASp.CR.EGFP
embryonic somatic muscle cell | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4kirre-rP298-G4
embryonic somatic muscle cell | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
larval somatic muscle cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
microtubule | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
nucleus | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4kirre-rP298-G4
nucleus | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
nucleus | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
primordial germ cell
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\NINL
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\NIN
5 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Ninl
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Nin
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Ninl
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Nin
7 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\ninl
4 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\nin
3 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\ninl
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\nin
6 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\noca-2
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007888
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Nin. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Nin1
    DOES NOT model  Seckel syndrome
    CEA
    (Zheng et al., 2016)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    NIN; ninein
    model of  Seckel syndrome 7
    IEA
    (FlyBase, 2019-)
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    NINL; ninein like
    6 of 14
    609580
        NIN; ninein
        5 of 14
        608684
         
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Nin
        suppressible
        ens
        (Rosen et al., 2019)
        Nin
        enhanceable
        ens
        (Rosen et al., 2019)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Rab11
        enhanceable
        Nin
        (Zheng et al., 2016)
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Interacts with ens.
        (UniProt, P11929 )
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        2L
        Recombination map
        2-16
        Cytogenetic map
        25D2-25D3
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        25D2-25D3
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}tkvk16713&P{lacW}l(2)k01302k01302 and P{lacW}vrik05901&P{PZ}cype03771
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        25D3-25D3
        (Boyer, 1997.11.8)
        25D-25D
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Boyer et al., 1987, Knust et al., 1987)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        2-16

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        2-17.6

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (10)
        Genomic Clones (22)
        cDNA Clones (51)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Zheng et al., 2016, Iampietro et al., 2014)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes.

            (Kliman and Eyre-Walker, 1998)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of
            Additional comments
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of

            Source for identity of: Nin Bsg25D

            (Zheng et al., 2016)
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology

            Named 'Ninein' after the mammalian ortholog.

            (Zheng et al., 2016)
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 56 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            References (68)