m9/m10, m9/10, m9, l(3)gro, E(spl)2
transcription factor - WD40 domain - E(spl) complex - partners transcriptional repressors by functioning as a co-repressor
Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\gro for information on other features
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Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated
Gene model reviewed during 5.48
Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.
Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
GC splice donor site postulated
Gene model reviewed during 5.50
4.4, 3.3 (northern blot)
Forms a complex with the hairy/Enhancer of split/deadpan family of basic helix-loop-helix proteins in order to repress transcription. Its activity in regulating transcription depends on other proteins as it lacks a DNA-binding motif.
Ubiquitinated by XIAP/BIRC4.
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\gro using the Feature Mapper tool.
Comment: reference states 2-6 hr AEL
The distribution of embryonic gro transcripts was compared in D. melanogaster and D. hydei. The patterns of embryonic gene activity were found to be nearly indistinguishable.
gro protein has strong expression in all follicle cells in the germarium, and more weakly in germ cells and escort cells.
GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\gro in GBrowse 2Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
Source for merge of: gro BEST:LD15161 BEST:GM01575
Source for merge of: gro BcDNA:LD33829
Source for merge of: gro anon-WO0118547.385
Source for merge of gro BcDNA:LD33829 was sequence comparison ( date:990717 ).
Source for merge of gro anon-WO0118547.385 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).
DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for gro protein in Kc167 cells; see Chromatin_types_NKI collection report. Individual protein-binding experiments listed under "Samples" at GEO_GSE22069 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE22069).
dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene has been transfected into Kc cells.
dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene. RNAi of gro results in dorsal overextension of primary dendrites and a reduction in lateral branching.
dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.
RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells: increased or polarized (uneven) accumulation of F-actin.
Area matching Drosophila EST AA540693. This EST forms a 1450bp contig with ESTs AA441321, AA440080 and AA392794.
Shows no genetic interaction with sdk.
The intracellular distribution and phosphorylation state of gro protein has been analysed.
gro is crucial for transcriptional repression in several independent developmental pathways and is involved in establishing the terminal embryonic pattern.
Arrangement and sequence of E(spl)-complex genes in D.melanogaster and D.hydei revealed that the E(spl)-gene, and the structure of complex are highly conserved, suggesting that each individual gene, as well as the organization of the complex, is of functional importance.
gro is a neurogenic gene showing prominant maternal expression and is the only gene of the E(spl)-complex essential for viability. E(spl)-complex genes act as a functional unit composed of redundant genes which can partially substitute for each other. Eight E(spl)-region genes are required for the development of neurectodermal cells: HLHmδ, HLHmβ, HLHmγ, HLHm3, HLHm5, HLHm7, E(spl) and gro.
gro allelic combinations show weak to intermediate neurogenic phenotypes.