FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\hth

presumptive embryonic/larval nervous system

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

Malpighian tubule

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

embryonic thorax

(Kurant et al., 1998)

embryonic midgut constriction 1 | posterior to

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

embryonic midgut constriction 3 | anterior to

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

gastric caecum primordium

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 5

(Kurant et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 6 -- 17

ectoderm

(Kurant et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 7

organism | 10-90% egg length

Comment: 15-85% egg length

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

anterior endoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

head mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | gap expression pattern

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

organism | gap expression pattern

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11

procephalic neurogenic region | posterior

(Lemons et al., 2010)

embryonic deutocerebrum

(Lemons et al., 2010)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

clypeo-labral primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 17

embryonic maxillary segment

(Kurant et al., 1998)

embryonic mandibular segment

(Kurant et al., 1998)

visceral mesoderm

(Kurant et al., 1998)

labral segment

(Kurant et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic brain

(Fisher et al., 2012)

labral segment

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 17

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

(Kurant et al., 1998)

embryonic Malpighian tubule

(Kurant et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 14

endoderm

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 15 -- 17

embryonic nervous system of thorax

(Kurant et al., 1998)

eye-antennal disc

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

antennal disc

(Pai et al., 1998)

scutum | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

ptilinum | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

mesothoracic pleurum | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

wing hinge | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

ocellus | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

(Pai et al., 1998)

photoreceptor neuron

(Pai et al., 1998)

(Pai et al., 1998)

peripodial epithelium

(Pai et al., 1998)

head capsule | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

(Pai et al., 1998)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- adult stage

(Kurant et al., 1998)

Additional Descriptive Data

hth is transcribed in the deuterocerebrum

(Lemons et al., 2010)

and more posterior neurectoderm.

(Lemons et al., 2010)

hth transcripts are relatively abundant in 3-15hr embryos, 1st instar larvae, and pupae. They are less abundant in 2nd instar larvae and are at very low levels in early embryos, third instar larvae, and adults.

(Kurant et al., 1998)

hth transcripts are first expressed in the cellular blastoderm embryos in what becomes the segmented portion of the embryo but not at the poles. During gastrulation, they are expressed throughout the ectoderm but not in the procephalon. Beginning in stage 11 embryos, expression is strong in the thoracic region but begins to decline in the abdominal region. Expression is also moderate in the mandible and maxilla but absent from the labium. hth expression is also observed at this time in the visceral mesoderm and at a very high level in the clypeolabrum. In stages 13-14, expression appears in the developing Malpighian tubules and in the CNS. It remains high in the head and thorax and low in the abdomen. During stages 15-17, expression declines in the ectoderm and becomes more prominant in the CNS. The CNS expression is graded, higher in the anterior region and weak in the posterior regions.

(Kurant et al., 1998)

hth transcripts are expressed in the wing disc in the notum, winge hinge, and ventral pleura. In the leg discs, expression is in the periphery region corresponding to the proximal segments of the legs. In the antennal disc, the expression is in all but the arista region. In the eye disc, hth expression is strong in the anterior region surrounding the eye field, including the regions corresponding to the ptilinum, ocellus, and head capsules, and weak in the posterior and lateral margins of the disc. hth is also expressed in all cells of the peripodial membrane in the eye disc. Weak expression is observed in the posterior region composed of mature photoreceptors. This expression pattern generally coincides with that of exd.

(Pai et al., 1998)

hth transcripts are first detected at 3hr of embryogenesis in a broad domain extending from 15-85% egg length. In later stages the pattern becomes very dynamic. The strongest expression is seen in the trunk region and portions of the head. Starting at stage 9, staining is stronger in the thorax than in the abdomen and this difference increases with time. By stage 14, expression is strong in the CNS, especially in the thorax. In the midgut, expression is strongest in the gastric caeca primordia and in a central broad domain in the endoderm. Expression is absent in the most anterior and posterior portions of the midgut endoderm. By stage 16, strong expression is seen in the Malpighian tubules. Expression in the endoderm begins posterior to the first midgut constriction and ends just anterior to the third midgut constriction. In leg and antennal discs, hth is expressed in the peripheral cells of these discs.

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

No Assay Recorded

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic mandibular segment

embryonic thorax

(Kurant et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 6 -- 17

ectoderm

(Kurant et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 11 -- 17

(Kurant et al., 1998)

labral segment

(Kurant et al., 1998)

embryonic maxillary segment

(Kurant et al., 1998)

visceral mesoderm

(Kurant et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 13 -- 17

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

(Kurant et al., 1998)

embryonic Malpighian tubule

(Kurant et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 15 -- 17

embryonic nervous system of thorax

(Kurant et al., 1998)

distribution deduced from reporter

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 11 -- 17

neuroblast NB5-6 of thorax

(Karlsson et al., 2010)

neuroblast NB5-6 of abdomen

(Karlsson et al., 2010)

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 12

bridge cell

(Merabet et al., 2005)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic/larval Malpighian tubule | dorsal | restricted

(Zohar-Stoopel et al., 2014)

embryonic stage 16

embryonic/larval aorta | anterior

(Perrin et al., 2004)

cardioblast of embryonic/larval aorta | anterior

(Perrin et al., 2004)

embryonic/larval Malpighian tubule Type I cell

(Zohar-Stoopel et al., 2014)

embryonic/larval Malpighian tubule Type II cell

(Zohar-Stoopel et al., 2014)

embryonic/larval Malpighian tubule | distal

(Zohar-Stoopel et al., 2014)

embryonic/larval hindgut

(Zohar-Stoopel et al., 2014)

medulla forming neuroblast | subset

(Li et al., 2013)

epithelial cell | subset of medulla anlage

(Li et al., 2013)

neuron | subset of medulla anlage

(Li et al., 2013)

embryonic/larval antennal lobe | surrounding

(Ando et al., 2011)

embryonic/larval antennal lobe projection neuron

(Ando et al., 2011)

neuroblast ALl1

(Ando et al., 2011)

first instar larval stage

larval abdominal ganglion Leucokinin neuron

(Estacio-Gómez et al., 2013)

second instar larval stage

second instar larval stage -- third instar larval stage

Comment: absent early third instar

(Wu and Cohen, 2002, Azpiazu and Morata, 2000)

(Bessa et al., 2002)

scutum | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

ocellus | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

(Pai et al., 1998)

(Wu and Cohen, 2002, Pai et al., 1998)

ptilinum | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

medulla forming neuroblast | subset

(Pai et al., 1998)

peripodial epithelium

(Pai et al., 1998)

photoreceptor neuron

(Pai et al., 1998)

head capsule | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

antennal disc

(Kim et al., 2008, Emmons et al., 2007, Pai et al., 1998)

mesothoracic pleurum | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

wing hinge | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

eye disc | posterior

Comment: undifferentiated cells

(Wernet et al., 2003)

(Suzuki et al., 2013)

second segment of antenna | precursor

(Emmons et al., 2007)

third segment of antenna | precursor

(Emmons et al., 2007)

arista | precursor

(Emmons et al., 2007)

embryonic/larval neuron | subset of medulla anlage

Comment: inner region

(Hasegawa et al., 2011)

medulla forming neuroblast | subset of medulla anlage

Comment: weak expression

(Hasegawa et al., 2011)

epithelial cell | subset of larval outer optic anlage

(Suzuki et al., 2013)

ganglion mother cell | subset of larval outer optic anlage

(Suzuki et al., 2013)

adult optic lobe neuron | subset of larval outer optic anlage

(Suzuki et al., 2013)

embryonic/larval motor neuron | subset of larval thoracic neuromere

(Baek et al., 2013)

tracheal metamere 1

(Sato et al., 2008)

tracheal metamere 2

(Sato et al., 2008)

tracheal metamere 3

(Sato et al., 2008)

eye-antennal disc | ubiquitous

(Roignant et al., 2010)

presumptive first segment of antenna

(Kim et al., 2008)

presumptive second segment of antenna

(Kim et al., 2008)

presumptive third segment of antenna

(Kim et al., 2008)

ventral thoracic disc | proximal

(Kim et al., 2008)

third instar larval stage -- pupal stage

pigment cell

(Wernet et al., 2003)

late third instar larval stage

lamina anlage | restricted

(Hasegawa et al., 2013)

wandering third instar larval stage

Comment: absent early third instar

(Azpiazu and Morata, 2000)

wing hinge primordium

(Azpiazu and Morata, 2000)

wing hinge primordium

(Casares and Mann, 2000)

eye disc anterior to the morphogenetic furrow

(Bessa et al., 2002)

eye disc posterior to the morphogenetic furrow

(Bessa et al., 2002)

antennal disc | restricted

(Bessa et al., 2002)

prepupal stage -- adult stage

dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R7

(Wernet et al., 2003)

dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R8

(Wernet et al., 2003)

prepupal stage P4(i)

Comment: inner region

(Hasegawa et al., 2011)

prepupal stage P4(ii)

adult antennal lobe projection neuron

Comment: inner region

(Hasegawa et al., 2011)

pupal stage

motor neuron | subset of thoracic neuromere

(Baek et al., 2013)

adult antennal lobe

(Ando et al., 2011)

(Ando et al., 2011)

pupal stage P5(ii)

Comment: inner region

(Hasegawa et al., 2011)

pupal stage P6

Comment: expression at 24h APF

(Hasegawa et al., 2011)

adult antennal lobe projection neuron

neuron | subset of outer medulla

(Hasegawa et al., 2011)

medulla | restricted

(Hasegawa et al., 2013)

lamina | restricted

(Hasegawa et al., 2013)

adult antennal lobe

(Ando et al., 2011)

(Ando et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

In stage 16 embryos, hth is expressed in principal cells (Malpighian tubule Type I cell) in the distal portion of the Malpighian tubules and in stellate cells (Malpighian tubule Type II cell ) in both distal and proximal portions of the tubule.

(Zohar-Stoopel et al., 2014)

hth expression is always found in the

(Estacio-Gómez et al., 2013)

larval Leucokinin ABLK neurons of the abdominal ganglion of segments A1-3, and in a number of cases in segment A4.

(Estacio-Gómez et al., 2013)

hth protein is expressed in newly formed larval medulla neuroblasts.

(Li et al., 2013)

During gastrulation, hth protein is localized to the cytoplasm. At stage 9, it starts to accumulate in the nucleus in a spatially regulated manner. Nuclear localization is observed in the ectoderm, in specific cells in the thoracic portion of the ventral nerve cord, and in the visceral mesoderm.

(Suzuki et al., 2013, Kurant et al., 1998)

hth protein is expressed in developing antennal lobe neurons. It is expressed in many of the cells that surround the antennal lobe in larval and adult brains. It is expressed in the antero dorsal and the lateral projection neurons, the two main olfactory projection neuron lineages in the brain. In the lateral lineage, hth is also expressed in the GH298-positive interneurons and in a small group of ventral cells that in part overlap with GH146-positive projection neurons. In the larval brain, hth is expressed in the neuroblasts of the anterodorsal and lateral antennal lobe lineages.

(Ando et al., 2011)

hth protein is expressed in the differentiated neurons of the innermost domain of the medulla anlage from third instar larvae and in pupa until 12h APF, where it borders the concentric domain of run distally. hth protein co-localises with bsh on the distal region of its domain. Thereafter and in adults, hth protein is found in layers 8 to 10 of the medulla. hth protein is also weakly expressed in the neuroblasts of third instar larva.

(Hasegawa et al., 2011)

hth is expressed in NB5-6 starting at embryonic stage 11 in abdominal and thoracic lineages, is expressed in all cells in the lineage at stage 13, and is maintained throughout the lineage in subsequent stages. It is also expressed in more anterior NB5-6 lineages. There is a sharp increase in hth levels between stage 12 and 13.

(Karlsson et al., 2010)

hth protein is detected in third instar larval antennal discs in the primordia of antennal segments 2 and 3 and in the arista promordia.

(Emmons et al., 2007)

hth is expressed in the myocytes of the anterior aorta, which the exception of the posterior-most myocyte. Expression is excluded from the posterior aorta and the heart.

(Perrin et al., 2004)

hth protein is expressed in all cells of the second instar eye disc; expression levels are lower in the posterior disc. By late third instar, hth protein is expressed in the eye disc in a pattern that excludes the morphogenetic furrow, the h-expressing pre-proneural region immediately anterior to the morphogenetic furrow, and the cells immediately posterior the morphogenetic furrow. hth is expressed in the antennal disc in a pattern that excludes the distal-most region.

(Bessa et al., 2002)

hth protein is expressed throughout the wing disc from early second instar to mid third instarhth protein expression resolves into three distinct domains in the proximal region of the wing disc, two of which overlap with wg expression in the hinge region.

(Wu and Cohen, 2002)

hth protein is expressed in wing discs during the second larval instar. Wing disc expression is lost during the early third instar, and returns at late third instar. In the late third instar, hth protein is expressed in two concentric rings surrounding the wing pouch, corresponding to the presumptive wing hinge.

(Azpiazu and Morata, 2000)

The distribution of hth protein is very similar to that of hth transcripts but it is first detected at gastrulation.

(Kurant et al., 1998)

hth protein is expressed in the wing disc in the notum, winge hinge, and ventral pleura. In the leg discs, expression is in the peripheral region corresponding to the proximal segments of the legs. In the antennal disc, the expression is in all but the arista region. In the eye disc, hth expression is strong in the anterior region surrounding the eye field, including the regions corresponding to the ptilinum, ocellus, and head capsules, and weak in the posterior and lateral margins of the disc. hth is also expressed in all cells of the peripodial membrane in the eye disc. Weak expression is observed in the posterior region composed of mature photoreceptors. This expression pattern generally coincides with that of exd.

(Pai et al., 1998)

Marker for

dorsal margin ommatidium

(Wernet et al., 2003)

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Corsetti and Azpiazu, 2013, Kurant et al., 1998)

located_in cytosol

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Lye et al., 2014)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Corsetti and Azpiazu, 2013, Joshi et al., 2010, Abu-Shaar and Mann, 1998, Kurant et al., 1998, Rieckhof et al., 1997)

part_of RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:abd-A; FB:FBgn0000014, FLYBASE:exd; FB:FBgn0000611

(Wang et al., 2017)

part_of transcription regulator complex

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:abd-A; FB:FBgn0000014

(Li-Kroeger et al., 2008)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:exd; FB:FBgn0000611

(Li-Kroeger et al., 2008)

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Noro et al., 2006, Rieckhof et al., 1997)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{GAL4}hth^GAL4.H

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1

(Hasegawa et al., 2011)

(Hasegawa et al., 2011)

proximal medullary amacrine neuron Pm3

(Hasegawa et al., 2011)

lamina wide-field 2 neuron

(Hasegawa et al., 2011)

Reporter: P{GawB}hth^GAL4

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

pharate adult stage P8 -- adult stage

dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R8

Comment: expression starts at 48 hr APF

(Wernet et al., 2003)

dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R7

Comment: expression starts at 48 hr APF

(Wernet et al., 2003)

second instar larval stage -- third instar larval stage

medulla | restricted

(Wernet et al., 2003)

Reporter: P{GawB}hth^GETDB

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

presumptive first segment of antenna | restricted

(Ku and Sun, 2017)

scutellum

(Aldaz et al., 2005)

scutum | anterior | lateral | restricted

(Aldaz et al., 2005)

Reporter: P{GawB}hth^P1-GAL4

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

presumptive embryonic/larval digestive system | restricted

(Tang and Sun, 2002)

ventral thoracic disc | restricted

(Tang and Sun, 2002)

wing disc | restricted

(Tang and Sun, 2002)

eye-antennal disc | restricted

(Tang and Sun, 2002)

Reporter: P{lacW}hth^dtl-S142204

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

ocellus | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

antennal disc

(Pai et al., 1998)

(Pai et al., 1998)

photoreceptor neuron

(Pai et al., 1998)

scutum | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

peripodial epithelium

(Pai et al., 1998)

(Pai et al., 1998)

ptilinum | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

early third instar larval stage

(Pai et al., 1998)

head capsule | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

mesothoracic pleurum | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

wing hinge | presumptive

(Pai et al., 1998)

antennal disc | medial | proximal

(Luque and Milan, 2007)

head capsule

(Luque and Milan, 2007)

eye-antennal disc | anterior

(Luque and Milan, 2007)

late third instar larval stage

head capsule

(Luque and Milan, 2007)

Reporter: P{PZ}hth⁰⁵⁷⁴⁵

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic midgut constriction 1 | posterior to

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

Malpighian tubule

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

presumptive embryonic/larval nervous system

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

embryonic midgut constriction 3 | anterior to

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

gastric caecum primordium

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 7

organism | 10-90% egg length

Comment: 15-85% egg length

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 14

endoderm

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

eye-antennal disc

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

wandering third instar larval stage

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

imaginal disc

(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)

Malpighian tubule | restricted

(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)

embryonic/larval midgut | restricted

(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)

embryonic/larval foregut

(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)

adult Malpighian tubule principal cell | subset

third segment of antenna

(Vosshall, 1998.8.10)

adult central complex

(Vosshall, 1998.8.10)

adult brain | restricted

(Vosshall, 1998.8.10)

(Wang et al., 2004)

adult Malpighian tubule Type II cell | subset

(Wang et al., 2004)

Reporter: P{PZ}hth⁰⁶⁷⁶²

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic midgut constriction 1 | posterior to

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

Malpighian tubule

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

presumptive embryonic/larval nervous system

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

embryonic midgut constriction 3 | anterior to

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

gastric caecum primordium

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 7

organism | 10-90% egg length

Comment: 15-85% egg length

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 14

endoderm

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

eye-antennal disc

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

wandering third instar larval stage

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

wing hinge primordium

(Casares and Mann, 2000)

pharate adult stage P8 -- adult stage

dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R7

Comment: expression starts at 45 hr APF

(Wernet et al., 2003)

dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R8

Comment: expression starts at 45 hr APF

(Wernet et al., 2003)

medulla | restricted

(Wernet et al., 2003)

Reporter: PBac{602.P.SVS-1}hth^CPTI000378

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

Reporter: PBac{681.P.FSVS-1}hth^CPTI001356

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

Reporter: PBac{754.P.FSVS-0}hth^CPTI002808

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult brain cell body rind | restricted

Comment: punctate or subset expression in adult brain cortex

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

• neuronal cell body | subset

Comment: subset of neuronal cell bodies in the adult brain cortex

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

Reporter: PBac{803.P.SVS-0}hth^CPTI003745

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

fan-shaped body layer | restricted

ellipsoid body | restricted

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

adult protocerebrum | restricted

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

adult gnathal ganglion | restricted

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

nodulus | restricted

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

Reporter: PBac{CPTI-un}hth^CPTI002852

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

View Dmel\hth in GBrowse 2

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\hth

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\hth

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0001235

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

41273/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0001235

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0001235

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0001235

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG17117

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0001235

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 52 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 43 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of hth

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of hth

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 9 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 9 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3R)BSC38

(Andrade et al., 2003.7.4)

Df(3R)BSC479

(Christensen et al., 2008.4.15)

Df(3R)FA11

(Jurgens et al., 1984)

Df(3R)hth

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

Df(3R)P1-K1-8

(Pai et al., 1998)

Ts(YLt;3Lt)G42+Ts(YSt;3Rt)R36

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Jurgens et al., 1984)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(3R)by10

(Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Df(3R)cu

(Salzberg et al., 1997)

Df(3R)M-Kx1

(Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal | heat sensitive

hth^hs.PP

lethal | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

hth^GD4741

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

hth^dtl-S142204

lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with hth^dsRNA.exon6

hth^dsRNA.exon7

lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with hth^dsRNA.exon7

hth^dsRNA.exon6

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive

lethal - all die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

hth^GD4741

partially lethal, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

hth^GD4741

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PH

hth^UAS.GFP

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^hth-GETDB

hth^miRNA.UAS

partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

hth^GD4741

viable

hth^Meis1-P1

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

hth^GD4741

viable (with hth^C1)

hth^CPTI000378

viable (with hth^CPTI000378)

hth^C1

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal neuroanatomy

abnormal neuroanatomy | first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

hth^UAS.GFP

abnormal neuroanatomy | recessive | somatic clone

abnormal planar polarity | cell autonomous | somatic clone

hth^B2

abnormal planar polarity | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone

hth^B2

abnormal size, with Scer\GAL4¹¹⁵¹

hth^HMS01112

abnormal size | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

hth^Meis1-P2

decreased cell number | embryonic stage

hth^64-1

decreased cell number | embryonic stage 15 | recessive

hth^Meis1-P2

decreased size | adult stage | somatic clone - tissue specific, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

hth^UAS.GFP

homeotic, with Scer\GAL4^hth-GETDB

hth^miRNA.UAS

hyperplasia | larval stage | somatic clone - tissue specific, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

hth^UAS.GFP

increased cell number | first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

hth^UAS.GFP

short lived | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

hth^GD4741

some die during embryonic stage, with hth^dsRNA.exon6

hth^dsRNA.exon7

some die during embryonic stage, with hth^dsRNA.exon7

hth^dsRNA.exon6

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

some die during larval stage | recessive

hth^dtl-S142204

some die during pharate adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^hth-GETDB

hth^miRNA.UAS

visible

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

hth^UAS.cPa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

hth^UAS.cPa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^bab1.A

hth^UAS.cPa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^bi-omb-Gal4

hth^UAS.cPa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

visible, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

hth^UAS.cPa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Dll-md23

visible, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

visible, with Scer\GAL4^MS248

hth^UAS.cPa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^nub-AC-62

hth^UAS.cPa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

visible, with Scer\GAL4^vg.int2.1

hth^UAS.GFP

visible | cell autonomous | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

visible | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Ubx.PdC

hth^UAS.cPa

visible | dominant | male

hth^k1

visible | heat sensitive

hth^hs.PP

visible | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

hth^UAS.cPa

visible | homeotic

visible | homeotic, with hth^dsRNA.exon6

hth^dsRNA.exon7

visible | homeotic, with hth^dsRNA.exon7

hth^dsRNA.exon6

visible | homeotic, with Scer\GAL4^hth-GETDB

hth^HM.UAS.GFP

visible | homeotic | male, with Scer\GAL4^Dll-md23

hth^HM.UAS.GFP

visible | homeotic | male, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

visible | homeotic | male | recessive | somatic clone

hth^C1

visible | homeotic | recessive | somatic clone

hth^C1

visible | recessive | somatic clone

visible | somatic clone

visible | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

hth^UAS.cPa

visible | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

hth^UAS.GFP

visible | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Ubx.PdC

hth^UAS.cPa

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

abdominal 1 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5

abdominal 2 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5

abdominal 3 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5

abdominal 4 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5

abdominal 5 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5

abdominal 6 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5

abdominal 7 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5

abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5

hth⁰⁵⁷⁴⁵

abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4^ato.3.6

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

abdominal segment 1

abdominal segment 1, with hth^dsRNA.exon6

hth^dsRNA.exon7

abdominal segment 1, with hth^dsRNA.exon7

hth^dsRNA.exon6

abdominal segment 2, with hth^dsRNA.exon6

hth^dsRNA.exon7

abdominal segment 2, with hth^dsRNA.exon7

hth^dsRNA.exon6

abdominal segment, with hth^dsRNA.exon6

hth^dsRNA.exon7

abdominal segment, with hth^dsRNA.exon7

hth^dsRNA.exon6

abdominal tergite 2 | male | somatic clone

hth^C1

abdominal tergite 3 | male | somatic clone

hth^C1

abdominal tergite 5 & trichome | male, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

abdominal tergite 5 | male, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

abdominal tergite 6 & trichome | male, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

abdominal tergite 6 | male, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

abdominal tergite & trichome | male | somatic clone

hth^C1

adult abdominal segment 4 | male

hth^k1

adult abdominal segment 5 | ectopic | male

hth^k1

adult head | dorsal | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

adult head | somatic clone | ventral

alula & wing sensillum, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

hth^UAS.cPa

alula | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

antenna

antenna, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

antenna, with Scer\GAL4^hth-GETDB

hth^HM.UAS.GFP

antenna | distal, with Scer\GAL4^Dll-md23

hth^HM.UAS.GFP

antenna | distal | somatic clone

hth^C1

antenna | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^hth-GETDB

hth^UAS.GFP

antenna | somatic clone

antennal disc | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PU

hth^UAS.cPa

antennal foramen, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

antennal segment 2 & leg | somatic clone

antennal segment 3 & leg | somatic clone

arista, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

axillary cord | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

bract | cell autonomous | ectopic | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

campaniform sensillum of dorsal radius | ectopic | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

cephalopharyngeal skeleton

chaeta | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

costal vein | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

coxa, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

coxa | cell autonomous | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

coxa | somatic clone

dch3 neuron | ectopic

hth^Meis1-P2

denticle belt

hth^Meis1-P2

dorsal margin photoreceptor | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.long

hth^UAS.Tag:MYC

dorsal margin photoreceptor | somatic clone

hth^B2

dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R7, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.long

hth^HM.UAS.GFP

dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R8, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.long

hth^HM.UAS.GFP

dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4^MS248

hth^UAS.cPa

double row of wing sensilla | ectopic | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with hth^Exel6158

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with hth^UAS.RE

hth^Exel6158

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with hth^UAS.RF

hth^Exel6158

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with hth^UAS.RG

hth^Exel6158

embryonic/larval lymph gland

hth^64-1

embryonic/larval Malpighian tubule, with Scer\GAL4^ct.CtB

hth^UAS.cPa

embryonic/larval Malpighian tubule | embryonic stage

hth^64-1

embryonic/larval oenocyte | embryonic stage 15

hth^Meis1-P2

embryonic/larval oenocyte precursor

hth^Meis1-P2

embryonic/larval optic lobe | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

hth^Meis1-P2

embryonic/larval optic lobe | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

hth^UAS.cPa

embryonic/larval optic lobe | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^esg-MH766, Scer\GAL80^ey.3.5

hth^JF02733

embryonic abdominal segment 1

embryonic brain & axon

hth^P1-K1-8

embryonic epidermis

embryonic head

embryonic Malpighian tubule Type II cell

hth^64-1

embryonic mesothoracic segment

hth^5E04

embryonic metathoracic segment

hth^5E04

embryonic prothoracic segment

hth^5E04

embryonic segment

embryonic thorax

hth^Meis1-P2

embryonic thorax & denticle | ectopic

hth^100-1

embryonic ventral nerve cord

hth^Meis1-P2

extracoxal depressor muscle cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4¹¹⁵¹

hth^HMS01112

eye, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

hth^UAS.cPa

eye, with Scer\GAL4^bi-omb-Gal4

hth^UAS.cPa

eye, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

eye, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.s-hc

hth^HMS01112

eye, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PH

eye, with Scer\GAL4^hth-GETDB

hth^UAS.GFP

eye, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

hth^UAS.GFP

eye & adult head | ventral

eye | adult stage | somatic clone - tissue specific, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

hth^UAS.GFP

eye | ectopic

eye | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

eye | ectopic | somatic clone

eye | somatic clone

eye | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

hth^UAS.GFP

eye-antennal disc | somatic clone | ventral

eye-antennal disc | somatic clone - Minute background | third instar larval stage

hth^B2

eye disc, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

eye disc, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PH

eye disc | larval stage | somatic clone - tissue specific, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

hth^UAS.GFP

eye disc | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

eye disc morphogenetic furrow, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

hth^UAS.cPa

eye photoreceptor cell | somatic clone

hth^B2

female genitalia | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

femur

hth^100-1

femur, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

femur | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Ubx.PdC

hth^UAS.cPa

femur | somatic clone

flight muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4¹¹⁵¹

hth^HMS01112

gena | somatic clone

glial cell | third instar larval stage

hth^Meis1-P2

haltere, with Scer\GAL4^hth-GETDB

hth^UAS.GFP

head, with Scer\GAL4^hth-GETDB

hth^UAS.GFP

head capsule | ectopic | somatic clone | ventral, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

hth^UAS.GFP

head capsule | ventral, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

Keilin's organ, with hth^dsRNA.exon6

hth^dsRNA.exon7

Keilin's organ, with hth^dsRNA.exon7

hth^dsRNA.exon6

labellum, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

larval abdominal 1 lch5 neuron | embryonic stage

larval abdominal 2 lch5 neuron | embryonic stage

larval abdominal 3 lch5 neuron | embryonic stage

larval abdominal 4 lch5 neuron | embryonic stage

larval abdominal 5 lch5 neuron | embryonic stage

larval abdominal 6 lch5 neuron | embryonic stage

larval abdominal 7 lch5 neuron | embryonic stage

larval abdominal ganglion Leucokinin neuron | ectopic | first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

hth^UAS.GFP

larval abdominal lch5 neuron

larval longitudinal connective

hth^Meis1-P2

larval posterior commissure

hth^Meis1-P2

larval thoracic neuromere | first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

hth^UAS.GFP

lch5 ligament attachment cell | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4^ato.3.6

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

leg, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

hth^UAS.cPa

leg, with Scer\GAL4^Dll-md23

leg, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

leg, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

hth^UAS.cPa

leg & trichome | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

hth^UAS.cPa

leg | cell autonomous | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

leg | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Ubx.PdC

hth^UAS.cPa

leg | distal, with Scer\GAL4^Dll-md23

leg | distal, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

leg | distal | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

leg | ectopic

leg | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

leg | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^hth-GETDB

hth^HM.UAS.GFP

leg | ectopic | somatic clone

leg | heat sensitive

hth^hs.PP

leg | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

hth^UAS.cPa

leg | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

leg | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

hth^UAS.cPa

leg sensillum | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

hth^UAS.cPa

maxillary palpus, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

maxillary palpus | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

maxillary palpus | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.s-hc

hth^HMS01112

medulla | somatic clone

medullary intrinsic neuron Mi1 | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

mesothoracic dorsal triscolopidial chordotonal organ dch3 & neuron

mesothoracic leg, with Scer\GAL4^Dll-md23

hth^UAS.GFP

mesothoracic leg | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

mesothoracic tibial apical bristle | ectopic | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

mesothoracic tibial spur bristle | ectopic | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

mesothoracic ventral denticle belt

metatarsus, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^UAS.cPa

metatarsus | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Ubx.PdC

hth^UAS.cPa

metatarsus | ectopic | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

metathoracic dorsal triscolopidial chordotonal organ dch3 & neuron

metathoracic leg | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

metathoracic ventral denticle belt

microchaeta & scutum, with Scer\GAL4^MS248

hth^UAS.cPa

motor neuron | adult stage | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

motor neuron | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

hth^Meis1-P2

neuroblast NB6-4 of abdomen

hth^Meis1-P2

neuroblast NB6-4 of thorax | ectopic

hth^Meis1-P2

ommatidium | somatic clone

hth^B2

peripheral nervous system

photoreceptor cell & eye-antennal disc | ventral

hth^P1-Δ15

photoreceptor cell R7, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.long

hth^UAS.Tag:MYC

photoreceptor cell R8, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.long

hth^UAS.Tag:MYC

photoreceptor cell R8 | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.long

hth^HM.UAS.GFP

photoreceptor neuron | ectopic

photoreceptor neuron | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

hth^UAS.GFP

photoreceptor neuron | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

hth^UAS.GFP

photoreceptor neuron | somatic clone - Minute background | third instar larval stage

hth^B2

presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system

pretarsus | ectopic | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

prothoracic dorsal triscolopidial chordotonal organ dch3 & neuron

prothoracic leg | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

prothoracic ventral denticle belt

pseudotrachea | somatic clone

hth^5E04

retina | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

hth^UAS.GFP

rostral membrane | somatic clone

scutellar bristle | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

scutum, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

hth^UAS.cPa

scutum, with Scer\GAL4^MS248

hth^UAS.cPa

second segment of antenna | somatic clone

hth^P1-K6-1

sense organ & neuron

sex comb, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-487.VP16.UAS}

sex comb | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

hth^UAS.cPa

surstylus | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

tarsal segment 2, with Scer\GAL4^bab1.A

hth^UAS.cPa

tarsal segment 2 | ectopic | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

tarsal segment 3, with Scer\GAL4^bab1.A

hth^UAS.cPa

tarsal segment 3 | ectopic | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

tarsal segment 4, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

hth^UAS.cPa

tarsal segment 4, with Scer\GAL4^bab1.A

hth^UAS.cPa

tarsal segment 4 | ectopic | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

hth^UAS.cPa

tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

tarsal segment | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Ubx.PdC

hth^UAS.cPa

tarsal segment | ectopic | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

tarsal segment | heat sensitive

hth^hs.PP

tergite | male, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

hth^HM.UAS.GFP

third segment of antenna, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^UAS.cPa

third segment of antenna | distal, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

third segment of antenna | somatic clone

hth^P1-K6-1

tibia

hth^100-1

tibia, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

hth^UAS.cPa

tibia, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

tibia | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Ubx.PdC

hth^UAS.cPa

tibia | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

tibia | heat sensitive

hth^hs.PP

tibia | somatic clone

transmedullary neuron Tm1 | ectopic | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

trochanter, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

trochanter | somatic clone

unguis, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

ventral thoracic disc, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

hth^UAS.cPa

ventral thoracic disc, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

vibrissae, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.s-hc

hth^HMS01112

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

hth^UAS.cPa

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

wing, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

hth^UAS.cPa

wing, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

wing, with Scer\GAL4^nub-AC-62

hth^UAS.cPa

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

hth^UAS.GFP

wing, with Scer\GAL4^vg.int2.1

hth^UAS.GFP

wing | distal | medial, with Scer\GAL4^bi-omb-Gal4

hth^UAS.cPa

wing | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

wing | ectopic | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

wing | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Ubx.PdC

hth^UAS.cPa

wing blade, with Scer\GAL4^hth-GETDB

hth^UAS.GFP

wing disc, with Scer\GAL4^bi-omb-Gal4

hth^UAS.cPa

wing disc, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

wing disc, with Scer\GAL4^vg.int2.1

hth^UAS.GFP

wing disc | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

wing hinge, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

wing hinge | distal | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

hth^UAS.GFP

wing hinge | somatic clone

wing margin | anterior, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

wing margin | ectopic | posterior

hth^Meis1-P2

wing margin | ectopic | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Ubx.PdC

hth^UAS.cPa

wing margin | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Ubx.PdC

hth^UAS.cPa

wing margin bristle, with Scer\GAL4^vg.int2.1

hth^UAS.GFP

wing margin bristle | ectopic | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

wing sclerite | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

hth^{1-430.EnR.UAS}

wing vein L3 | proximal | somatic clone

hth^Meis1-P2

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (23)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\MEIS1

11 of 15

Yes

Hsap\MEIS2

11 of 15

Yes

Hsap\MEIS3

9 of 15

Yes

Hsap\PKNOX2

3 of 15

Yes

Hsap\TGIF1

3 of 15

Hsap\MEIS3P1

2 of 15

Yes

Hsap\PKNOX1

2 of 15

Yes

2 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (20)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Meis1

12 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Meis2

12 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Meis3

9 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Pknox2

3 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Tgif1

3 of 15

Mmus\Tgif2

3 of 15

Mmus\Pknox1

2 of 15

Yes

2 of 15

2 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (18)

Rnor\Meis2

10 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Meis3

9 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Meis1

8 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Pknox1

2 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Pknox2

2 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (15)

Xtro\meis3

9 of 12

Yes

Xtro\meis1

8 of 12

Yes

Xtro\meis2

7 of 12

Yes

Xtro\tgif1

3 of 12

Xtro\pknox2

2 of 12

Yes

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (28)

Drer\meis1b

12 of 15

Yes

Drer\meis2b

10 of 15

Yes

Drer\meis3

9 of 15

Yes

Drer\meis1a

8 of 15

Yes

Drer\meis2a

7 of 15

Yes

Drer\pknox2

3 of 15

Yes

Drer\tgif1

3 of 15

Drer\pknox1.1

2 of 15

Yes

Drer\pknox1.2

2 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)

Cele\unc-62

11 of 15

Yes

Cele\irx-1

1 of 15

Cele\psa-3

1 of 15

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (21)

Atha\KNAT2

3 of 9

Yes

Atha\ATH1

2 of 9

Atha\BEL1

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\BEL10

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\BLH1

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\BLH2

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\BLH3

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\BLH5

2 of 9

Atha\BLH6

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\BLH7

2 of 9

Atha\BLH8

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\BLH11

2 of 9

Atha\KNAT1

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\KNAT3

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\KNAT4

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\KNAT5

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\KNAT6

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\KNAT7

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\RPL

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\STM

2 of 9

Yes

Atha\BLH4

1 of 9

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (5)

Scer\CUP9

5 of 15

Yes

Scer\TOS8

4 of 15

Scer\HMLALPHA2

2 of 15

Yes

Scer\HMRA2

2 of 15

Yes

Scer\MATALPHA2

2 of 15

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

No records found.

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (7)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

vis

4 of 10

achi

3 of 10

exd

2 of 10

ara

1 of 10

caup

1 of 10

CG11617

1 of 10

mirr

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

MEIS2; Meis homeobox 2

model of cleft palate, cardiac defects, and intellectual disabillity

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

hth^B2

ameliorates central nervous system cancer

modeled by N^UAS.icd

(Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)

hth^C1

ameliorates central nervous system cancer

modeled by N^UAS.icd

(Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)

hth^UAS.GFP

exacerbates acute myeloid leukemia

modeled by Hsap\HOXA9::Hsap\NUP98^WT.UAS

(Gavory et al., 2021)

hth^UAS.cPa

exacerbates acute myeloid leukemia

modeled by Hsap\HOXA9::Hsap\NUP98^WT.UAS

(Baril et al., 2017)

hth^NIG.17117R

ameliorates acute myeloid leukemia

modeled by Hsap\HOXA9::Hsap\NUP98^WT.UAS

(Gavory et al., 2021)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

MEIS1; Meis homeobox 1

11 of 15

601739

MEIS2; Meis homeobox 2

11 of 15

601740

CLEFT PALATE, CARDIAC DEFECTS, AND MENTAL RETARDATION; CPCMR

cleft palate, cardiac defects, and intellectual disabillity

MEIS3; Meis homeobox 3

9 of 15

619443

PKNOX2; PBX/knotted 1 homeobox 2

3 of 15

613066

TGIF1; TGFB induced factor homeobox 1

3 of 15

602630

HOLOPROSENCEPHALY 4; HPE4

holoprosencephaly 4

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

hth - Abd-B

electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, pull down

(Rivas et al., 2013, Hudry et al., 2012)

hth - CG31612

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Shokri et al., 2019)

hth - CG5446

(Rhee et al., 2014)

hth - Dfd

electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography

(Joshi et al., 2010)

hth - E(spl)mδ-HLH

(Shokri et al., 2019)

hth - Ets65A

(Shokri et al., 2019)

hth - Irbp18

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Shokri et al., 2019)

hth - PQBP1

(Rhee et al., 2014)

hth - Scr

electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography

(Joshi et al., 2010)

hth - Sox21a

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography

(Shokri et al., 2019)

hth - Ubx

(Bischof et al., 2018, Bryantsev et al., 2012)

hth - abd-A

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Bischof et al., 2018)

hth - chinmo

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Shokri et al., 2019)

hth - dsx

(Romero-Pozuelo et al., 2019)

hth - ey

pull down, autoradiography

(Bessa et al., 2002)

hth - eyg

pull down, western blot

(Aldaz et al., 2005)

hth - lab

electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography

(Ryoo et al., 1999)

hth - ovo

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Shokri et al., 2019)

hth - tio

(Datta et al., 2011)

hth - tsh

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Datta et al., 2011, Bessa et al., 2002)

hth - yki

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Srivastava et al., 2021, Peng et al., 2009)

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

hth - B52

electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, full identification by DNA sequencing

(Kim et al., 2003)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

exd

(Gavory et al., 2021)

enhanceable

jing

(Culi et al., 2006)

suppressible

rho

(Wang et al., 2017)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Yao et al., 1999)

suppressible

(Yao et al., 1999)

suppressible

(Veraksa et al., 2000)

CycE

suppressible

(Brumby et al., 2002)

Dll

enhanceable

(Dong et al., 2000)

suppressible

(Kobayashi et al., 2003)

suppressible

(Wang and Sun, 2012)

ftz

enhanceable

(Kankel et al., 2004)

hng1

suppressible

(Shukla et al., 2014)

hng1

enhanceable

(Shukla et al., 2014)

suppressible

(Singh et al., 2011)

enhanceable

(Singh et al., 2011)

suppressible

(Raj et al., 2020)

suppressible

(Wang et al., 2017)

suppressible

(Yao et al., 1999)

suppressible

(Khan et al., 2013)

tsh

suppressible

(Singh et al., 2002)

suppressible

(Yao et al., 1999)

suppressible

(Sprecher et al., 2004)

yki

suppressible