FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\kkv

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\kkv

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

krotzkopf verkehrt

Annotation Symbol

CG2666

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0001311

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

23 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

Chitin synthase (2.4.1.16)

Gene Summary

krotzkopf verkehrt (kkv) encodes a membrane-inserted glycosyltransferase family 2 chitin synthase that uses GlcNAc to produce the polysaccharide chitin, which is extruded to the differentiating cuticle and tracheal system (tracheal cuticle, tube diameter regulation and gas filling). [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

DmCS-1, l(3)82Fh, CS-1, blimp, chitin synthase-1

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

83A1-83A1

Sequence location

3R:5,378,093..5,392,866 [-]

Recombination map

3-47.5

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:5378093..5392866

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

Help me choose

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (19 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables chitin synthase activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000000227

(Ostrowski et al., 2002)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000000242

(Ostrowski et al., 2002)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000005136

(Ostrowski et al., 2002)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001115588

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Biological Process (13 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (12 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in chitin biosynthetic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Moussian et al., 2015)

involved_in chitin-based embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Moussian et al., 2005, Ostrowski et al., 2002)

involved_in cuticle chitin biosynthetic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Moussian et al., 2015, Devine et al., 2005)

involved_in embryonic epithelial tube formation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Devine et al., 2005)

involved_in liquid clearance, open tracheal system

inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype

(Ghabrial et al., 2011)

involved_in lumen formation, open tracheal system

inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype

(Ghabrial et al., 2011)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Rosa et al., 2018)

involved_in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Jack and Myette, 1999)

involved_in open tracheal system development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Araujo et al., 2005)

involved_in regulation of tube diameter, open tracheal system

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Tonning et al., 2005)

involved_in regulation of tube length, open tracheal system

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Tonning et al., 2005)

involved_in response to wounding

inferred from expression pattern

(Pearson et al., 2009)

involved_in trachea morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Moussian et al., 2015)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in cell wall chitin biosynthetic process

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001115588

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

involved_in cuticle chitin biosynthetic process

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001115600

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Cellular Component (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in apical part of cell

inferred from direct assay

(Moussian et al., 2015)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Moussian et al., 2015)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cell periphery

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001115588

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

is_active_in cell septum

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001115588

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

located_in integral component of membrane

inferred from sequence or structural similarity

(Ostrowski et al., 2002)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

CHITIN SYNTHASES

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC)

Experimental Evidence

Predictions / Assertions

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + (1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D- glucosaminyl))(n) = UDP + (1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl))(n+1) (2.4.1.16)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

CHITIN SYNTHASES -: Chitin synthases are membrane proteins that catalyze the polymerization of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residues from UDP-GlcNAC into chitin, which is the major structural polysaccharide of arthropod extracellular structures (cuticle and gut peritrophic matrix). (Adapted from FBrf0141574.)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

kkv: krotzkopf verkehrt

Homozygous lethal; head skeleton crumbled; denticle bands narrower; embryo rarely inverted in egg case.

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\kkv for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure New Section

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q8IPN4)

If you don't see the viewer to the right, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.54

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

kkv-RA

FBtr0078798

NM_079509

5457

1615

kkv-RC

FBtr0078800

NM_206430

5524

1615

kkv-RD

FBtr0301398

NM_169052

5524

1615

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

kkv-PA

FBpp0078442

182.8

1615

6.82

FBpp0089164

182.8

1615

6.82

FBpp0290640

182.7

1615

6.82

Q9I7P4

NP_730928

AAG22215

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1615 aa isoforms: kkv-PA, kkv-PC

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\kkv using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

kkv_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that the Fly Cell Atlas project found the gene expressed in that cell type. Darker colors mean that more cells of that cell type express the gene:

low

high

Colorless tiles indicate that there is no scRNAseq data for the gene in that cell type.

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data (RNA and/or protein) has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

Colored tiles in the ribbon indicate the average RNA expression level of the gene at the indicated stages:

low

high

as determined by RNA-seq (RPKM) using whole organism samples modENCODE, Brown et al., 2014. For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 10 -- 11

embryonic/larval tracheal section

(Chung et al., 2011)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

posterior spiracle primordium

Comment: reported as posterior spiracle specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

tracheal primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic dorsal epidermis

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic epipharynx

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic esophagus

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic foregut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic hypopharynx

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic proventriculus

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic ventral epidermis

(Fisher et al., 2012)

RT-PCR

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

pupal stage

wing disc

(Dong et al., 2020)

adult stage

wing

(Dong et al., 2020)

Additional Descriptive Data

kkv is expressed in pupal wings and adult wings. Levels peak in 2 day pupae and the lowest levels are seen before eclosion.

(Dong et al., 2020)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male

spermatozoon

(Wasbrough et al., 2010)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in apical part of cell

inferred from direct assay

(Moussian et al., 2015)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Moussian et al., 2015)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\kkv in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\kkv

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\kkv

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0001311

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

45884/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0001311

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0001311

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0001311

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG2666

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0001311

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\kkv

Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 42 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of kkv

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of kkv

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 8 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 8 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3R)3-4

(Rosa et al., 2018, Ghabrial et al., 2011, Ostrowski et al., 2002, Carpenter, 1999, Carpenter, 1994)

Df(3R)BSC139

(Gresens and Cook, 2006.3.8)

Df(3R)ED5156

(Ryder and Roote, 2004.11.10)

Df(3R)Tpl10

(Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995)

T(2;3)82Fh²

(Mahoney et al., 2006)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(3R)6-7

(Carpenter, 1999, Carpenter, 1994)

Df(3R)110

(Carpenter, 1999, Carpenter, 1994)

Df(3R)ME15

(Ostrowski et al., 2002, Carpenter, 1999, Carpenter, 1994)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PU

kkv^{dsRNA.UAS.cYa}

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

kkv^GD2807

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

kkv^KK105928

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Ubi.PU

kkv^KK105928

lethal | embryonic stage | recessive

lethal | pupal stage | recessive | somatic clone

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive | somatic clone

kkv^unspecified

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive

partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4^eya.enh1+E+2

kkv^HMC05880

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

kkv^GD2807

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

kkv^GD2807

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cell shape | embryonic stage 17

kkv¹

abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

kkv^{dsRNA.UAS.cUa}

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

some die during pupal stage | somatic clone

kkv^unspecified

visible | somatic clone

kkv^unspecified

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

abdominal tergite 5 | female

kkv^c06225

abdominal tergite 6 | female

kkv^c06225

actin filament bundle | embryonic stage 17

kkv¹

apical plasma membrane | embryonic stage 17

kkv¹

cephalopharyngeal skeleton

cuticle

kkv¹

denticle belt

embryo

kkv^unspecified

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle

embryonic/larval cuticle (with kkv^63-20)

kkv^IB22

embryonic/larval cuticle (with kkv^IB22)

kkv^63-20

embryonic/larval cuticle | embryonic stage

kkv⁴⁸³

embryonic/larval dorsal trunk & procuticle

kkv^unspecified

embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk

embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk | embryonic stage 17

kkv¹

embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^Abd-B-LDN

kkv^GD2807

embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

kkv⁴⁰⁴

embryonic/larval tracheal section

kkv¹

embryonic/larval tracheal section (with kkv^63-20)

kkv^IB22

embryonic/larval tracheal section (with kkv^IB22)

kkv^63-20

embryonic/larval tracheal system

embryonic/larval tracheocyte | embryonic stage 17

kkv¹

embryonic epidermis

kkv^unspecified

epicuticle

kkv^IB22

eye | somatic clone

hypostomal sclerite

kkv^63-20

Malpighian tubule

kkv¹

median tooth

kkv^63-20

presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system

procuticle

kkv^IB22

pupal epidermis | somatic clone

kkv^unspecified

rhabdomere of eye photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

kkv^{dsRNA.UAS.cUa}

taenidial fold | embryonic stage 17

kkv¹

terminal tracheal cell

terminal tracheal cell | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

tracheal dorsal trunk primordium | embryonic stage 14

kkv^unspecified

tracheal dorsal trunk primordium | embryonic stage 15

kkv^unspecified

tracheal node cell | embryonic stage 17

kkv¹

ureter

kkv¹

vertical bridge

kkv^63-20

wing, with Scer\GAL4^nub.PU

kkv^GD2807

wing hair | somatic clone

kkv^unspecified

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (3)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\HAS1

4 of 15

Yes

Hsap\HAS2

4 of 15

Yes

Hsap\HAS3

4 of 15

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Has1

5 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Has2

4 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Has3

4 of 15

Yes

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)

Rnor\Has1

3 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Has2

3 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Has3

1 of 13

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)

Xtro\has2

3 of 12

Yes

Xtro\has1

2 of 12

Yes

Xtro\has3

2 of 12

Yes

Xtro\LOC105947355

2 of 12

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (8)

Drer\si:ch211-264e16.2

11 of 15

Yes

Drer\chs1

8 of 15

Yes

Drer\si:ch211-219a15.4

8 of 15

Yes

Drer\si:ch211-264e16.1

7 of 15

Drer\mpc1

5 of 15

Drer\has1

3 of 15

Yes

Drer\has2

3 of 15

Yes

Drer\has3

3 of 15

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)

Cele\chs-2

13 of 15

Yes

Cele\chs-1

4 of 15

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

No records found.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)

Scer\CHS3

5 of 15

Yes

Scer\CHS1

3 of 15

Scer\CHS2

3 of 15

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)

Spom\chs1

3 of 12

Yes

Spom\chs2

1 of 12

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

7 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

HAS1; hyaluronan synthase 1

4 of 15

601463

HAS2; hyaluronan synthase 2

4 of 15

601636

HAS3; hyaluronan synthase 3

4 of 15

602428

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

kkv - Ctl2

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, pull down, anti tag western blot, two hybrid

(Duan et al., 2022)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Psn

enhanceable

kkv

(Mahoney et al., 2006)

External Data

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0001311

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-47.5

Cytogenetic map

83A1-83A1

Sequence location

3R:5,378,093..5,392,866 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

83A1-83A1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)02733⁰²⁷³³ and P{EP}EP974

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

82F-82F

(Ghabrial et al., 2011)

83A-83A

(Kafetzopoulos, 2001.1.19)

kkv has been found to fail to complement Df(3R)3-4 and to complement Df(3R)ME15, placing it in 82F5-82F11, contradicting earlier work that placed kkv between 83C1 and 84B2 (FBrf0041709).

(Ostrowski et al., 2002)

Location based on deficiency mapping with Df(3R)3-4.

(Ghabrial et al., 2011)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-47.5

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-44.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)

3-47.0

(Ostrowski et al., 2002)

3-49

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Left of (cM)

(Ostrowski et al., 2002)

Right of (cM)

(Ostrowski et al., 2002)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (23)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

84991

w^*; TI{TI}kkv^mNG

84987

w^*; PBac{UAS-kkv.mNG}VK00033

84993

w^*; TI{TI}kkv^smGFP-HA

84990

w^*; PBac{UAS-kkv.mos.mNG}VK00033

84992

w^*; TI{TI}kkv^mNG.DsRed-

84989

w^*; PBac{UAS-kkv.R896K.mNG}VK00033

84988

w^*; PBac{UAS-kkv.ollas-6xHis}VK00033

22664

y¹ w^67c23; Mi{ET1}kkv^MB00004

30168

w¹¹¹⁸; P{EP}kkv^G6364/TM6C, Sb¹

106833

v100327

v42611

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD2807}v42611

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (25)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (54)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0001311

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0001311

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

45884

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Duan et al., 2022)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: kkv CS-1 l(3)82Fh

(Ostrowski et al., 2002)

Source for merge of: CS-1 CG2666

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Source for merge of CS-1 CG2666 was sequence comparison ( date:001216 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Twenty-one alleles discarded by Tubingen; including one weak and one temperature sensitive.

Other Comments

kkv is essential for procuticle integrity.

(Moussian et al., 2005)

Zygotically active locus involved in the terminal developmental program in the embryo.

(Strecker et al., 1991)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

The gene is named after the phenotype of mutant embryos; the head skeleton is strongly reduced and deformed - "krotzkopf" is German for "scrambled head" and in rare cases, hyperactive embryos (which try to hatch but are unable to tear up the vitelline membrane) turn around in the egg case - "verkehrt" is German for "inverted".

(Moussian et al., 2005)

Mutants named 'blimp' for the extreme ballooning of the embryos when squashed under coverslips in the course of doing cuticle preparations.

(Bejsovec, 2000.3.3)

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 54 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

45884

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q8IPN4

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q8IPN4

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0001311

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0001311

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

45884/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0001311

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

kkv_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0001311

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0001311

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG2666

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0001311

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

45884

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG2666

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

45884

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0001311

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0001311

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0001311

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0001311

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0001311

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (21)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Blimp

(Kazemian et al., 2010)

CG2666

(Hosono et al., 2015, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015, Yano et al., 2012, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009)

CS-1

(Shaik et al., 2011, Gangishetti et al., 2009)

CS-1/kkv

(Moussian et al., 2005)

ChSB

(Kafetzopoulos, 2001.1.19)

DmCS-1

(Tellam, 2000.1.21, Tellam, 2000.6.9, Tellam, 2000.7.27, Tellam et al., 2000)

DmeCHS1

(Chen et al., 2016)

DmeChSB

(Gagou et al., 2002)

Kkv

(Öztürk-Çolak et al., 2016, Moussian et al., 2015, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015, Swanson and Beitel, 2006)

blimp

(Ostrowski et al., 2002, Bejsovec, 2000.3.3, Ostrowski et al., 2000)

chitin synthase

(Chen et al., 2016)

l(3)82Fh

(Carpenter, 1999, Carpenter, 1994)

Name Synonyms

Chitin Syn1

(Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015)

Chitin Synthase B

(Kafetzopoulos, 2001.1.19)

Chitin synthase 1

(Tellam et al., 2000)

Krotzkopf verkehrt

(Juarez, 2016, Moussian et al., 2015, Yano et al., 2012)

chitin synthase

(Wang et al., 2020)

chitin synthase-1

(Irion, 2012, Gangishetti et al., 2009)

krotzkopf verkehrt

(Öztürk-Çolak et al., 2016, Wieschaus and Nüsslein-Volhard, 2016, Ghabrial et al., 2011, Ruaud et al., 2010, Tajiri et al., 2010, Ostrin et al., 2006)

krotzkopf-verkehrt

(Irion, 2012)

short of breath

(Ghabrial et al., 2011)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0013580
FBgn0037319
FBgn0043004

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

References (107)

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