FB2025_02 , released April 17, 2025
Gene: Dmel\lz
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\lz
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
lozenge
Annotation Symbol
CG1689
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0002576
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
lozenge (lz) encodes an alpha-subunit of the transcription factor complex core binding factor, which is involved in transcription regulation. It plays an important role during eye development contributing to programmed cell death, eye morphogenesis, eye cone cell differentiation and R7 cell development. It contributes to hemopoiesis and wound healing. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

fs(1)M69

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-27
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:9284649..9303636
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (28 terms)
Molecular Function (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (20 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (15 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from expression pattern
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in eye morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Su(H); FB:FBgn0004837
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Bar; FB:FBgn0000154
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in scab formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in wound healing
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000040, InterPro:IPR012346
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:run; FB:FBgn0003300
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with MGI:MGI:99829
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q01196
inferred by curator from GO:0003677
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
lozenge (lz) encodes an alpha-subunit of the transcription factor complex core binding factor, which is involved in transcription regulation. It plays an important role during eye development contributing to programmed cell death, eye morphogenesis, eye cone cell differentiation and R7 cell development. It contributes to hemopoiesis and wound healing. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
RUNT DOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Runt-domain (RD) transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. These proteins are characterized by a Runt domain of 128 amino acids that mediates DNA binding and heterodimerization with a non-DNA binding β-subunit to form the Core Binding Factor transcription factor complex. (Adapted from FBrf0206845 and FBrf0138356).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Involved in prepatterning photoreceptor precursors in the developing eye; in the larval eye disk it defines a subset of cells as an equipotential group that is competent to respond to the sevenless developmental signal and another subset that confer proper photoreceptor identity by positively regulating the homeo box gene Bar. Involved in the aop/pnt dynamic in a Ras-dependent manner to regulate pros expression. Promotes apoptosis in the pupal eye by directly activating aos and klu. Also modulates hid- and rpr-mediated cell death. Regulates amos function in olfactory sensilla development.
(UniProt, Q9W349)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
lz: lozenge
Many alleles with a wide range of phenotypes. Homozygous males have eyes size variably reduced and often ovoid in shape. Surface with fused facets producing a roughened glistening appearance (= glossy), or smooth with pigment either uniformly distributed or concentrated at periphery of the eye (= spectacle). Eye pigment variably reduced, and Malpighian tubes slightly lighter than normal (Brehme and Demerec, 1942, Growth 6: 351-56). Tarsal claws reduced to different extents by different alleles. Spermathecae and parovaria (= accessory glands) often missing in homozygotes with abnormal parovaria seen in some heterozygous females (Anderson, 1945). Females often sterile, but sterility appears to be primarily an ovarian defect, since some genotypes which lack parovaria and spermathecae are female fertile. Some alleles lack the class of hemocytes called crystal cells, or at least lack the crystalline inclusions of those cells; the inclusions can be shown to comprise prophenoloxidase, and flies lacking crystal cells are deficient in phenol oxidase activity and suppress the phenotype of Bc. Five of fifteen alleles tested (lz36f17, lz46, lzD, lzrfg, and lzs) suppress Bc and lack crystal cells and phenol oxidase activity (Rizki and Rizki, 1981, Genetics 97: s90); postulated that lz+ crucial to differentiation of crystal cells, and is not a structural gene for any of the five phenol oxidase moieties. Peeples, Geisler, Whitcraft, and Oliver report defective phenol oxidase activity in lzg (1969, Biochem. Genet. 3: 563-69) lz64j, lz66c, lzs, and lzy4, but not in lz50e, or lzK (1969, Genetics 62: 161-70); Warner, Grell, and Jacobson (1974, Biochem. Genet. 11: 359-65) found no phenol oxidase activity in lzrfg, but normal levels in lz1 and lzg.
lz1
Eye narrower than wild type and ovoid. Irregular facets in some areas cause rough patches; areas of fused facets appear as smooth patches. Eye color appears normal but, in combination with st, slight reduction in red pigment detectable. Tarsal claws reduced. Developmental study by Waddington and Pilkington (1942, DIS 16: 70) shows failure of middle cell layer of optic disk to penetrate between cells of outer layer; surface thus covered with primary pigment cells. Females sterile. Parovaria and spermathecae absent; some lz/+ females have abnormal parovaria (Anderson, 1945, Genetics 30: 280-96). Suppressed by su(f)6 (Schalet, 1970, Genen. Phaenen 14: 16-17), su(Hw)2, e(we)s, and su(pr)e3; enhanced by su(s)3 and su(wa) (Rutledge, Mortin, Schwarz, Thierry-Mieg, and Meselson, 1988, Genetics 119: 391-97). Phenol oxidase activity increased from 17% to 71% normal (Snyder and Smith, 1976, Biochem. Genet. 14: 611-17). RK1.
lz3
Eye size sharply reduced; surface smooth. Optic disk of mature larva and prepupa two-thirds normal size (Chen, 1929, J. Morphol. 47: 135-99). Red pigment greatly reduced; color yellowish brown, cream colored in combination with v. Tarsal claws vestigial. Homozygous females lack parovaria and spermathecae and are sterile; lz3/+ females lack parovaria and many have abnormal spermathecae [Anderson, 1945, Genetics 30: 280-96 (fig.)]. Unaffected by su(f)6 (Schalet, Snyder, and Smith, 1976, Biochem. Genet. 14: 611-17). RK1.
lz34
Eye phenotype intermediate between lz and lz3. Surface of eye has large areas of fused facets with a few normal facets (Clayton, 1957, Genetics 42: 28-41); eye color dark red with small yellowish spots. Larval Malpighian tubes slightly lighter than normal; variable (Brehme and Demerec, 1942, Growth 6: 351-56). Tarsal claws reduced. Spermathecae and parovaria absent from homozygous females, which accumulate stage 14 oocyte and are quite infertile; some lz34/+ females have abnormal parovaria (Anderson, 1945, Genetics 30: 280-96). Eye effect, but not other aspects of phenotype, enhanced by spae(lz); eye converted from a glossy to a spectacle phenotype (Beeson and Bender, 1975, J. Exp. Zool. 193: 177-90). In the presence of su(lz34), lz34 flies have virtually normal eyes. Beeson and Bender were unable to confirm previous observations of Bender and Green (1960, Genetics 45: 1563-66) that su(lz34) increases the fecundity of lz34 females. Unaffected by su(f)6 (Schalet) or su(Hw)2; however suppressed by su(pr) and enhanced by su(s) and su(wa) (Rutledge, Mortin, Schwarz, Thierry-Mieg, and Meselson, 1988, Genetics 119: 391-97). RK1.
*lz35
Eyes reduced and diamond shaped; color opaque brown. Homozygous females sterile. lz35/lz females fertile. RK1.
lz37
Eye size reduced. Areas of irregular facets in posterior region of eye; eye color normal. Enhanced by su(f)6 (Schalet, 1970, Genen. Phaenen 14: 16-17); also enhanced by su(Hw)2 and su(s) (Rutledge, Mortin, Schwarz, Thierry-Mieg, and Meselson, Genetics 119: 391-97). Phenol oxidase level decreased from 94% to 58% of normal (Snyder and Smith, 1976, Biochem. Genet. 14: 611-17). RK1.
lz48f
Unaffected by su(f)6 (Schalet).
*lz49h
Eye size sharply reduced; surface smooth; red pigment distributed over entire eye. Tarsal claws normal. Spermathecae and parovaria present and normal in females, which are fertile. Complements all lz alleles tested except lz50e.
lz50e
Like lz49h. Eyes reduced in size and almond shaped; no indication of facets; covered with indentations, giving a pock-marked appearance. Hairs on eye surface sparse or absent; eye surface glossy with many large black or brown flecks. Tarsal claws normal. Females fertile; spermathecae and parovaria present and normal. lz50e/lz has normal eyes except for a few flecks. Complements most other lz alleles except lz49h, lz52c, and those associated with rearrangements or deficiencies. Unaffected by su(f)6 (Schalet). RK1.
*lz52c
Eyes mottled, yellowish brown, darker at rim; facets fused. Males semisterile with missing tarsal claws, although pulvilli and endopodia normal. Third antennal segment slightly reduced. lz52c/lz50e females resemble lz50e. RK1.
*lz59
Eyes reduced in size and ovoid; facets fused; surface slightly rough and almost or completely hairless; color light brown with darker, slightly reddish rim; almost colorless in combination with v. Tarsal claws practicaly absent as in lzc1. Males sterile, (possibly associated with X-autosome translocation), transmit no motile sperm to females; therefore, homozygous females not observed. lz59/lz37 females intermediate between the two mutants in eye phenotype, have reduced tarsal claws, and are weakly fertile. RK2.
lz61f
Facets completely fused; eye color dark, but pigment unevenly distributed and concentrated at margin. Females found to be fertile by Burdicks, but were sterile when studied by Schwalm, Bender, and Klingle (1970, DIS 45: 91) who studied the ultrastructure of eggs produced by homozygous females. lz61f/lz females more nearly normal than either mutant; facets disrupted and fused only in posterior third of eye; also fertile. RK1.
lz63
Eye shape oval; color brown, darkest at margin; surface smooth and glossy. Viability and fertility of both sexes good. RK1.
lz63f
Eye size moderately reduced; surface smooth; color brownish with darker margin. Tarsal claws and pulvilli strongly reduced. Spermathecae and parovaria absent; female reproductive capability strongly reduced. lz63f complements lz50e but not lz34, lzD, or lz61f (Klingele). Spermathecal number of lz63f/lzK 0-3. RK1.
lz71a
Phenol oxidase activity severely reduced; further reduced in presence of su(f) (Snyder and Smith), 1976, Biochem. Genet. 14: 611-17.
*lzcl: lozenge-clawless
Eyes narrow and small without facets; surface has rough spots; color amber, both pteridines and ommochromes affected, darker at rim. Tarsal claws absent. Third antennal segment reduced; sensilla on antennae abnormal. Phenotype similar in both sexes. Females infertile and lack spermathecae and parovaria. Autonomous in transplants. RK1.
lzD: lozenge-Dominant
Males and homozygous females resemble lzs. Heterozygous females sometimes have roughened eyes. Apparent dominance shown by H. Bender to be caused by the presence of spae(lz); heterozygous expression additionally enhanced by presence of In(2LR)bwV1.
lzg: lozenge-glossy
Eyes smaller than wild type; surface glossy from fused facets; a few normal facets also present; color dark blood red, bright red in combination with st or v. Larval Malpighian tubes slightly lighter than normal (Brehme and Demerec, 1942, Growth 6: 351-56). Tarsal claws reduced. Spermathecae and parovaria absent from homozygous females, which have reduced fertility; lzg/+ females tend to have abnormal parovaria [Anderson, 1945, Genetics 30: 280-96 (fig.)]. RK1.
*lzgl: lozenge-glued
Eyes of male reduced and roughened like Gl; color dark; female eyes somewhat less extreme. lzgl/lz intermediate between lzg1 and lz and sterile. Homozygous females fertile. RK1.
lzK: lozenge of Krivshenko
Eyes narrow and moderately rough; facets irregular; eyes of homozygous females more nearly normal than those of males. Tarsal claws normal. Females fertile; spermathecae and parovaria present. Interactions of lzK with other lz alleles described by Green [1961, Genetics 46: 1169-76 (fig.)]. Unaffected by su(f)6 or su(Hw)2; however suppressed by su(pr) and enhanced by su(s) and su(wa) (Rutledge, Mortin, Schwarz, Thierry-Mieg, and Meselson, 1988, Genetics 119: 391-97). RK1.
*lzM58: lozenge of Meyer
Eyes small and oval; surface glossy; color brownish. Tarsal claws missing. Homozygous females moderately fertile, although spermathecae absent; lzM58/lzs also fertile. RK1.
lzs: lozenge-spectacled
Eye size reduced, narrower than normal; no true facets; whole eye has glossy surface; color yellow-brown with darker rim, creamy in combination with v. Tarsal claws vestigial. Homozygous females lack spermathecae and parovaria and are sterile. lzs/+ females tend to have abnormal parovaria (Anderson, 1945, Genetics 30: 280-96). RK1.
lzy4: lozenge in yellow-4
Similar to lzs but eye color redder. Homozygous females lack spermathecae and parovaria and are sterile; lzy4/+ females have abnormal parovaria and tend to lack spermathecae and parovaria (Anderson, 1945, Genetics 30: 280-96). RK1.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

transcription factor - AML-1 homolog - involved in sensillogenesis in antenna - mutants lack basiconic sensilla and some trichoid sensilla - the presence of Lz in R3/4 precluster cells is sufficient to endow them with a second wave cell fate response repertoire

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\lz for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W349)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0071320
3468
826
FBtr0112814
3105
705
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

3.468 (longest cDNA)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0071255
84.7
826
7.22
FBpp0111726
73.2
705
7.06
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\lz using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.79

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
crystal cell primordium

Comment: reported as crystal cell specific anlage

Additional Descriptive Data

lz transcript levels are thought to be very low as no message was detected on RNA blots or in situ hybridizations to eye discs.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

lz protein is expressed in the female genital discs of third instar larvae. Expression is localized to the anterior medial domain of the A8 primordium, and in lateral domains of the A9 primordium.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{GawB}lzgal4
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
antennal disc | restricted

Comment: reference states 22-30 hr APF

external sensory organ precursor cell of antennal disc

Comment: reference states 22-30 hr APF

antennal lobe glomerulus DL3

Comment: reference states 36 hr APF

antennal lobe glomerulus DM6

Comment: reference states 36 hr APF

High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\lz in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 140 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 23 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of lz
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of lz
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 42 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 42 )
Inferred from location ( 18 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
fascicle & antennal segment 3
photoreceptor cell R1 & axon
photoreceptor cell R2 & axon
photoreceptor cell R5 & axon
photoreceptor cell R6 & axon
sensillum coeloconicum & antennal segment 3
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (4)
6 of 14
Yes
No
4  
6 of 14
Yes
No
2  
5 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LOC100506403
1 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
7 of 14
Yes
Yes
5 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
7 of 14
Yes
Yes
6 of 14
No
Yes
6 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
5 of 13
Yes
No
5 of 13
Yes
No
5 of 13
Yes
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (4)
7 of 14
Yes
Yes
6 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
7 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (3)
7 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:lz. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)
9 of 13
8 of 13
7 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    X
    Recombination map
    1-27
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    8D5-8D6
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1450&P{EP}EP1356 and P{EP}EP912EP912
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    8D-8D
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Left of (cM)
    Notes

    lzb maps 0.187 map units distal to lz50e, and 0.053 map units proximal to lzg.

    The lz region has been subdivided into four recombinationally separable groups of alleles; recombination is observed between but not within groups. Not all alleles have been mapped. The total genetic length of the region is 0.14 cM.

    Mitotic exchange has occurred between lz36 and lzy4.

    The lz region has been subdivided into four recombinationally separable groups of alleles.

    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (73)
    Genomic Clones (22)
    cDNA Clones (1)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
              Cell Line Information
              Publicly Available Cell Lines
               
                Other Stable Cell Lines
                 
                  Other Comments

                  lz protein can act as a transcriptional repressor of dpn in the presence of ct protein, with which it directly interacts.

                  lz is required during stages 10 to 14 of embryogenesis for crystal cell development, and later during larval stages to replenish lost crystal cells.

                  lz acts in a dose-dependent manner to specify the fate of the sensilla trichoidea and sensilla basiconica in the antenna.

                  lz participates in the regulatory hierarchy of eye development by specifying cell fates for several cell types, promoting non-neuronal cell fates of cone and pigment cells over the neuronal fates. Developmental basis of the lz eye phenotype can be attributed to changes in cell identity and recruitment.

                  Lack of lz function causes a change in cone cell fate inducing them to take on a neuronal identity.

                  lz functions as a negative regulator of svp in R7 and cone cell precursors. lz controls svp and B expression in the developing eye disc, helping to define the fate of cells that arise from the second wave of mitotic division (R1/R6, R7 and cone cells).

                  lz may play a permissive role in allowing the non-neuronal support cells (cone or pigment cells) to choose their fate.

                  Mutation analysis of lz3 suggests that lz activity may be required for founder cell specification.

                  Additional alleles of lz have been isolated in screen for lethal mutations that fail to complement Df(1)10-70d.

                  Mutations in lz cause a pleiotropic range of phenotypes including severe morphological defects in the compound eye. These defects are associated with altered patterns of cell birth and cell death occurring during critical periods of cell-cell interactions with recruitment.

                  Alleles show a wide range of phenotypes. Eyes variably reduced in size and often ovoid in shape. Surface with fused facets producing a roughened glistening appearance (= glossy), or smooth with pigment either uniformly distributed or concentrated at periphery of the eye (= spectacle). Tarsal claws reduced to different extents by different alleles. Females often sterile, but sterility appears to be primarily an ovarian defect, since some genotypes which lack parovaria and spermathecae are female fertile. Some alleles lack the class of hemocytes called crystal cells, or at least lack the crystalline inclusions of those cells; the inclusions can be shown to comprise prophenoloxidase and flies lacking crystal cells are deficient in phenol oxidase activity and suppress the phenotype of Bc. Double mutants produced by recombination all have the extreme phenotype of lzs.

                  It has been postulated that lz+ crucial to differentiation of crystal cells and is not a structural gene for any of the five phenol oxidase moieties.

                  Behavioural data suggests antennal and maxillary basiconic sensilla may be important receptors for short chain alcohols and organic acids but less crucial for acetates, aldehydes and ketones.

                  The lz mutant phenotype and the loss of maxillary basiconic sensilla have only subtle effects on the behaviours induced by esters and carbonyl compounds.

                  Mutants in lz cause the loss of prophenoloxidase activity. Encapsulation of eggs from the parasitoid strain L.boulardi demonstrate that phenoloxidases are required only for blackening and hardening of haemolytic capsules.

                  Mating studies of lz mutants suggests that antennal basiconic sensilla are important for neither the perception of the attraction pheromones of virgin females nor the inhibitory pheromone of mated females.

                  Five out of 15 alleles of lz suppress the Bc1 phenotype.

                  The lz locus is active during the first half of the egg stage.

                  No phenol oxidase activity in lzrfg, but normal levels in lz1 and lzg.

                  Defective phenol oxidase activity in lzg.

                  Defective phenol oxidase activity in lz64j, lz66c, lzs and lzy4, but not in lz50e, or lzK.

                  Spermathecae and parovaria (= accessory glands) often missing in homozygotes with abnormal parovaria seen in some heterozygous females.

                  Eye pigment variably reduced and Malpighian tubes slightly lighter than normal.

                  Relationship to Other Genes
                  Source for database merge of
                  Additional comments
                  Nomenclature History
                  Source for database identify of

                  Source for identity of: lz CG1689

                  Nomenclature comments
                  Etymology
                  Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)
                  Reported As
                  Symbol Synonym
                  fs(1)A1569
                  lz
                  (Berg et al., 2024, Hersperger et al., 2024, Sachan et al., 2024, Wang et al., 2024, Hultmark and Andó, 2022, McDonough-Goldstein et al., 2022, Perlegos et al., 2022, Chaouch et al., 2021, Girard et al., 2021, Moussalem et al., 2021, Bravo González-Blas et al., 2020, Cho et al., 2020, Gupta and Stocker, 2020, Yan et al., 2020, Hall et al., 2019, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Jang et al., 2017, Miller et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Wagamitsu et al., 2017, Bielmeier et al., 2016, Kwon et al., 2016, Fiedler et al., 2015, Morán et al., 2015, Anderson et al., 2014, Ciglar et al., 2014, Evans et al., 2014, Honti et al., 2014, Li et al., 2013, Mavromatakis and Tomlinson, 2013, Naval-Sánchez et al., 2013, Spokony and White, 2013.5.10, Sun and Spradling, 2013, Bras et al., 2012, Legent et al., 2012, Nfonsam et al., 2012, Chatterjee et al., 2011, Galy et al., 2011, Kulkarni et al., 2011, Marcu et al., 2011, McNeil et al., 2011, Napoletano et al., 2011, Cook et al., 2010, Gobert et al., 2010, Popodi et al., 2010-, Sen et al., 2010, Venken et al., 2010, Almudi et al., 2009, Kondo et al., 2009, Miller et al., 2009, Osman et al., 2009, Siddall et al., 2009, Sinenko et al., 2009, Christensen et al., 2008.6.11, Christensen et al., 2008.6.11, Duncan et al., 2008, Kwong et al., 2008, Begun et al., 2007, Bidla et al., 2007, Copeland et al., 2007, Ferjoux et al., 2007, Firth and Baker, 2007, Gajewski et al., 2007, Muratoglu et al., 2007, Muratoglu et al., 2007, Nagaraj and Banerjee, 2007, Reig et al., 2007, Roy et al., 2007, de Velasco et al., 2006, Friedrich, 2006, Bidla et al., 2005, Haddrill et al., 2005, Sen et al., 2005, Bruckner et al., 2004, Siegel et al., 2004, Voas and Rebay, 2004, Baba and Hatsumi, 2003, Wright, 1987, Rizki et al., 1985, Batterham and MacKechnie, 1980)
                  spe
                  Secondary FlyBase IDs
                    Datasets (0)
                    Study focus (0)
                    Experimental Role
                    Project
                    Project Type
                    Title
                    Study result (0)
                    Result
                    Result Type
                    Title
                    External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 164 )
                    Sequence Crossreferences
                    NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                    GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                    RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                    UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                    UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                    UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                    Other crossreferences
                    AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                    FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                    KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                    MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                    Linkouts
                    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                    Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
                    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                    FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                    FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                    iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                    Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                    References (466)