FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Met
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Met
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Methoprene-tolerant
Annotation Symbol
CG1705
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0002723
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
29 publicly available
Gene Summary
Methoprene-tolerant (Met) encodes bHLH-PAS domain transcription factor paralogous to gce. It is a receptor for the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Rst(1)JH, DmMet, Resistance to Juvenile Hormone

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
10D1-10D1
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-35
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:11616124..11621280
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables nuclear receptor activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jindra et al., 2015)
inferred from direct assay
(Miura et al., 2005)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:O18388
(He et al., 2017)
enables RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:ftz-f1; FB:FBgn0001078
(Dubrovsky et al., 2011)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000548496
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables protein dimerization activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011598, InterPro:IPR036638
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000548496
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in negative regulation of programmed cell death
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:gce; FB:FBgn0261703
(Abdou et al., 2011)
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dubrovsky et al., 2011)
inferred from direct assay
(Miura et al., 2005)
involved_in regulation of developmental process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Flatt and Kawecki, 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000548496
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Miura et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000548496
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000548496
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Methoprene-tolerant (Met) encodes bHLH-PAS domain transcription factor paralogous to gce. It is a receptor for the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription. They are characterized by a 60 amino acid region comprising a basic DNA binding domain followed by a HLH motif formed from two amphipathic α-helices connected by a loop. bHLH transcription factors form homo- and hetero-dimeric complexes, which bind to a E box consensus sequence. (Adapted from PMID:15186484).
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
Rst(1)JH: Resistance (1) Juvenile Hormone
Semidominant mutation conferring 50-100 fold increase in resistance to juvenile hormone III or its analogue methoprene over that of wild type. Also resistant to methoprene-induced tumors and abnormalities in adult cuticle; action of Rst(1)JH autonomous in gynandromorphs. Authors speculate that gene may affect juveline-hormone receptor.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

bHLH-Pas domain transcription factor - involved in juvenile hormone (JH) action as a likely component of a JH receptor

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Met for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VYW2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Met-RA
FBtr0073521
NM_078571
3756
716
Met-RB
FBtr0343585
NM_001298203
5088
716
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

5.5, 3.3 (northern blot)

(Ashok et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Met-PA
FBpp0073368
78.7
716
6.74
Q9VYW2
NP_511126
AAF48071
Met-PB
FBpp0310182
78.7
716
6.74
Q9VYW2
NP_001285132
AHN59602
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

716 aa isoforms: Met-PA, Met-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

716 (aa); 79 (kD predicted)

(Ashok et al., 1998)

85 (kD)

(Shemshedini and Wilson, 1993)
Comments

Met protein is specifically competed by juvenile hormone III.

(Shemshedini and Wilson, 1993)
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Met using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.43

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Miura et al., 2005)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{Met-GAL4::p65}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
second instar larval stage -- prepupal stage P1
embryonic/larval corpus allatum
(Baumann et al., 2017)
embryonic/larval corpus cardiacum
(Baumann et al., 2017)
prothoracic gland
(Baumann et al., 2017)
wandering third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval epidermis
(Baumann et al., 2017)
histoblast
(Baumann et al., 2017)
embryonic/larval oenocyte
(Baumann et al., 2017)
larval somatic muscle cell
(Baumann et al., 2017)
embryonic/larval fat body
(Baumann et al., 2017)
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Baumann et al., 2017)
larval central nervous system | restricted
(Baumann et al., 2017)
embryonic/larval mushroom body | intense
(Baumann et al., 2017)
medulla anlage
(Baumann et al., 2017)
lobula anlage
(Baumann et al., 2017)
lobula plate anlage
(Baumann et al., 2017)
larval PTTH neuron of pars lateralis
(Baumann et al., 2017)
larval corpus allatum innervating neuron CA-LP 1
(Baumann et al., 2017)
larval corpus allatum innervating neuron CA-LP 2
(Baumann et al., 2017)
photoreceptor neuron of eye disc
(Baumann et al., 2017)
genital disc
(Baumann et al., 2017)
wing disc
(Baumann et al., 2017)
prothoracic leg disc
(Baumann et al., 2017)
mesothoracic leg disc
(Baumann et al., 2017)
adult stage | male
ejaculatory duct
(Baumann et al., 2017)
ejaculatory bulb
(Baumann et al., 2017)
male accessory gland
(Baumann et al., 2017)
vas deferens
(Baumann et al., 2017)
adult stage | female
spermatheca | intense
(Baumann et al., 2017)
seminal receptacle
(Baumann et al., 2017)
uterus
(Baumann et al., 2017)
adult stage
main body follicle cell | intense
(Baumann et al., 2017)
adult brain | restricted
(Baumann et al., 2017)
adult mushroom body | intense
(Baumann et al., 2017)
adult pharyngeal nerve
(Baumann et al., 2017)
peptidergic neuron | faint
(Baumann et al., 2017)
ellipsoid body
(Baumann et al., 2017)
fan-shaped body

Comment: layers

(Baumann et al., 2017)
bulb
(Baumann et al., 2017)
nodulus 3 | intense
(Baumann et al., 2017)
nodulus 2
(Baumann et al., 2017)
nodulus 1
(Baumann et al., 2017)
lobula complex
(Baumann et al., 2017)
medulla
(Baumann et al., 2017)
lobula layer 1 | intense
(Baumann et al., 2017)
T5 neuron
(Baumann et al., 2017)
T4 neuron
(Baumann et al., 2017)
second optic chiasma
(Baumann et al., 2017)
wandering third instar larval stage
wing disc
(Baumann et al., 2017)
metathoracic leg disc
(Baumann et al., 2017)
larval central nervous system
(Baumann et al., 2017)
Reporter: PBac{Met-GFP.FPTB}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval fat body
(Liu et al., 2018)
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Liu et al., 2018)
prothoracic gland
(Liu et al., 2018)
adult midgut progenitor cell
(Liu et al., 2018)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Met in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 21 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 27 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Met
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Met
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 9 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
partially lethal - majority die
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
partially lethal - majority die | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
Sterility
Allele
female semi-fertile
female semi-sterile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal flight, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
abnormal immune response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA
abnormal immune response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4esg.PU
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage | conditional, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467
chemical resistant
chemical resistant | dominant
chemical resistant | larval stage
chemical resistant | semidominant
chemical sensitive
decreased fecundity, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA
decreased fecundity, with Scer\GAL4esg.PU
decreased fecundity | female
decreased occurrence of cell division | prepupal stage
some die during larval stage
some die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
some die during P-stage
some die during pupal stage
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdominal sternite bristle
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or47b | adult stage | conditional, with Scer\GAL4Or47b.7.467
adult optic lobe | prepupal stage
embryonic/larval fat body | wandering third instar larval stage, with MetUAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4Adh.PF
embryonic/larval fat body | wandering third instar larval stage, with MetW3, Scer\GAL4Adh.PF
eye
lobula
lobula plate
male genitalia
ommatidium
oocyte | oogenesis stage S8
oocyte | oogenesis stage S9
oocyte | oogenesis stage S10
oocyte | oogenesis stage S11
oocyte | oogenesis stage S12
oocyte | oogenesis stage S13
oocyte | oogenesis stage S14
ovary
photoreceptor cell R7 | prepupal stage
photoreceptor cell R8 | prepupal stage
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (29)
Hsap\ARNTL2
4 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\BMAL1
4 of 14
Yes
No
1  
Hsap\ARNT2
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ARNT
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NPAS2
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CLOCK
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NCOA1
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\NCOA2
2 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\NCOA3
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\AHR
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\AHRR
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\EPAS1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HELT
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HEY1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\HEY2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\HEYL
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HIF1A
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\HIF3A
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NPAS1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NPAS3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NPAS4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PASD1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PER1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PER2
1 of 14
No
No
3  
Hsap\PER3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SIM1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SIM2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\USF1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\USF2
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (15)
Rnor\Arntl
4 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Arnt2
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Arntl2
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Arnt
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Npas2
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Clock
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Epas1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Hif1a
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Hif3a
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ahr
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ahrr
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ncoa2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Npas1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Sim1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Sim2
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (18)
Mmus\Arntl2
4 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Arntl
4 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Arnt2
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Arnt
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Clock
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Npas2
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ahr
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Mmus\Ahrr
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Epas1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Hif1a
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Hif3a
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ncoa1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ncoa2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ncoa3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Npas1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Npas3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Sim1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Sim2
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (20)
Xtro\npas3
2 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\reep3
2 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\ahrr
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\arntl
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\arnt
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\bcap29
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ccno
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\dnajc27
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ftcd
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\helt
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hey1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hnrnpk
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\htr2b
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\il1b
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC100494929
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ncoa2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\npas4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\per2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rab28
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\sim1
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (25)
Drer\arntl1a
4 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\arntl1b
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\arntl2
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\clocka
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\clockb
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\npas2
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\arnt2
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\arnt
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\ahr1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ahr1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ahr2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ahrrb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\epas1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\epas1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\hif1aa
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\hif1ab
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\hif1al2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\hif1al
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ncoa1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ncoa2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ncoa3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\npas1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\npas3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\sim1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\sim1b
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (5)
Cele\aha-1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\ahr-1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\cky-1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\hif-1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\hlh-34
1 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (16)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006022
5 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005655
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005711
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009748
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012873
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000056
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000773
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001856
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002942
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003844
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003965
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007450
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009664
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009749
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010058
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010259
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)
Atha\AT2G41130
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G56770
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Met. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (13)
gce
7 of 13
tgo
4 of 13
Clk
3 of 13
cyc
3 of 13
cwo
1 of 13
dysf
1 of 13
Hey
1 of 13
per
1 of 13
sima
1 of 13
sim
1 of 13
ss
1 of 13
tai
1 of 13
trh
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    BMAL2; basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 2
    4 of 14
    614517
        BMAL1; basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1
        4 of 14
        602550
             
            ARNT2; aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2
            3 of 14
            606036
              ARNT; aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator
              3 of 14
              126110
                  NPAS2; neuronal PAS domain protein 2
                  3 of 14
                  603347
                      Functional Complementation Data
                      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                      Interactions
                      Summary of Physical Interactions
                      Interaction Browsers
                      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
                      protein-protein
                      Physical Interaction
                      Assay
                      References
                      Met
                      two hybrid, pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                      (Bitra and Palli, 2009, Godlewski et al., 2006)
                      Met - CG12106
                      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
                      (Rhee et al., 2014)
                      Met - Chd64
                      pull down, autoradiography, two hybrid
                      (Li et al., 2007)
                      Met - Clk
                      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                      (He et al., 2023)
                      Met - Dr
                      two hybrid array
                      (Shokri et al., 2019)
                      Met - EcR
                      pull down, autoradiography, two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                      (Long et al., 2025, Bitra and Palli, 2009, Li et al., 2007)
                      Met - Fkbp39
                      two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography
                      (Li et al., 2007)
                      Met - Fs(2)Ket
                      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                      (He et al., 2017)
                      Met - Hmr
                      two hybrid array
                      (Shokri et al., 2019)
                      Met - Hr78
                      two hybrid array
                      (Shokri et al., 2019)
                      Met - Hsp83
                      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                      (Gao et al., 2022, He et al., 2014)
                      Met - Pfdn2
                      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
                      (Rhee et al., 2014)
                      Met - Rel
                      two hybrid array
                      (Shokri et al., 2019)
                      Met - ftz-f1
                      pull down, anti tag western blot, two hybrid, nuclear magnetic resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, western blot
                      (Kolonko-Adamska et al., 2023, Bernardo and Dubrovsky, 2012, Dubrovsky et al., 2011)
                      Met - gce
                      pull down, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
                      (Godlewski et al., 2006)
                      Met - tai
                      two hybrid
                      (Shin et al., 2018)
                      Met - usp
                      two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography
                      (Bitra and Palli, 2009, Li et al., 2007)
                      Summary of Genetic Interactions
                      Interaction Browsers
                      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                      Starting gene(s)
                      Interaction type
                      Interacting gene(s)
                      Reference
                      Met
                      enhanceable
                      br
                      (Wilson et al., 2006, Wilson et al., 2006)
                      Met
                      suppressible
                      fru
                      (Sethi et al., 2019)
                      Met
                      suppressible
                      gce
                      (Jindra et al., 2015, Baumann et al., 2010)
                      Met
                      enhanceable
                      gce
                      (Baumann et al., 2010)
                      Starting gene(s)
                      Interaction type
                      Interacting gene(s)
                      Reference
                      br
                      enhanceable
                      Met
                      (Wilson et al., 2006)
                      Fas2
                      suppressible
                      Met
                      (Adam et al., 2003)
                      gce
                      enhanceable
                      Met
                      (Baumann et al., 2010)
                      Hmgcr
                      suppressible
                      Met|gce
                      (Barton et al., 2024)
                      External Data
                      Linkouts
                      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                      Pathways
                      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                      Metabolic Pathways
                      FlyBase
                      External Links
                      External Data
                      Linkouts
                      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                      Class of Gene
                      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                      Chromosome (arm)
                      X
                      Recombination map
                      1-35
                      Cytogenetic map
                      10D1-10D1
                      Sequence location
                      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                      Cytogenetic map
                      Evidence for location
                      10D1-10D1
                      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG32666EP1452 and P{EP}Ptp10DEP1172
                      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                      Cytogenetic map
                      Notes
                      References
                      10C5-10C5
                      (Wilson, 1997.11.17)
                      10C-10C
                      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                      (Turner and Wilson, 1995)
                      10C5-10C5
                      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                      (Turner et al., 1991)
                      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                      Location

                      1-35

                      (FlyBase, 2016)

                      1-36.7

                      (Comeron et al., 2012)

                      1-35.4

                      (Wilson and Fabian, 1986)
                      Left of (cM)
                      (Wilson and Fabian, 1986)
                      Right of (cM)
                      (Wilson and Fabian, 1986)
                      Notes
                      Stocks and Reagents
                      Stocks (29)
                      Genomic Clones (7)
                       

                      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                      cDNA Clones (16)
                       

                      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                      BDGP DGC clones
                      Other clones
                      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                      BDGP DGC clones
                      Other clones
                      RNAi and Array Information
                      Linkouts
                      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                      Antibody Information
                      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                       
                      Commercially Available Antibodies
                       
                      Cell Line Information
                      Publicly Available Cell Lines
                       
                        Other Stable Cell Lines
                         
                        Other Comments

                        Ortholog of B. mori juvenile-hormone-related gene (involved in JH biosynthesis, metabolism or signaling).

                        (Cheng et al., 2014)

                        Alleles of Rst(1)JH vary in their effects on both uni- and multivariate life history traits.

                        (Flatt and Kawecki, 2004)

                        Cloning and characterisation of Rst(1)JH.

                        (Ashok et al., 1998)

                        Molecular cloning and characterisation of the Met gene region.

                        (Turner and Wilson, 1995)

                        Mutations alter Juvenile hormone reception during late larval development.

                        (Turner and Wilson, 1995)

                        Rst(1)JH gene product performs a role in the regulation of insect larval molting and metamorphosis of the epidermis and the nervous system.

                        (Riddiford, 1993)

                        Distribution of juvenile hormone binding proteins between the cytosol and nucleus was studied by photoaffinity labelling with tritiated epoxyfarnesyl diazoacetate. An 85kD cytosolic juvenile hormone binding protein is suggested to be the same as that identified by Shemshedini et al., (JBC 265:1913--1918 ) alterations in which are correlated with mutations at this locus.

                        (Shemshedini and Wilson, 1993)

                        Located in 10C2-10D4 by deficiency mapping.

                        (Wilson and Fabian, 1986)
                        Relationship to Other Genes
                        Source for database merge of
                        Additional comments

                        Six EMS-induced, X-linked mutations resistant to juvenile hormone reported by Arking and Vlach (1970) (now lost); resistance factors varied from 1.4 to 21.5 by their methods. Presumed to be alleles of the mutation described by Wilson and Fabian.

                        Nomenclature History
                        Source for database identify of

                        Source for identity of: Rst(1)JH CG1705

                        (Wang, 1999.11)
                        Nomenclature comments
                        Etymology
                        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (16)
                        Reported As
                        Symbol Synonym
                        CG1705
                        (Neuert et al., 2017, Cheng et al., 2014, Baumann et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Stevens et al., 2008, Stevens et al., 2008, Jindra and Flatt, 2007.4.13)
                        DmMet
                        (Yokoi et al., 2020, Bitra and Palli, 2009, Li et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007)
                        MET
                        (Chahine and O'Donnell, 2011, Greb-Markiewicz et al., 2011)
                        Met
                        (Allen et al., 2026, Allen et al., 2026, Zhao et al., 2026, He et al., 2025, Podkolodnaya et al., 2025, Sun et al., 2025, Barton et al., 2024, Khalid et al., 2024, Wang et al., 2024, Yuan et al., 2024, Chan et al., 2023, He et al., 2023, Kolonko-Adamska et al., 2023, Fu et al., 2022, Gao et al., 2022, Gao et al., 2022, Sebastian et al., 2022, White and Wolfner, 2022, Hoshino and Niwa, 2021, Ito-Harashima et al., 2021, Lee and Adams, 2021, Luo et al., 2021, Peng et al., 2021, Zhang et al., 2021, Zhang et al., 2021, Gao et al., 2020, Jindra and Bittova, 2020, Luo et al., 2020, Pan et al., 2020, Riddiford, 2020, Song and Zhou, 2020, Hudry et al., 2019, Santos et al., 2019, Sethi et al., 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Yoshinari et al., 2019, Zhang and Zhang, 2019, Ameku et al., 2018, Bischof et al., 2018, Liu et al., 2018, Shin et al., 2018, Wu et al., 2018, Baumann et al., 2017, He et al., 2017, Jia et al., 2017, Kang et al., 2017, Miyakawa and Iguchi, 2017, Neuert et al., 2017, Rahman et al., 2017, Schwenke and Lazzaro, 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Bontonou et al., 2015, Jindra et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Ugrankar et al., 2015, Wen et al., 2015, He et al., 2014, Liu et al., 2014, Mirth et al., 2014, Victorsen and White, 2014.5.13, Koyama et al., 2013, Yamanaka et al., 2013, Bielska et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Riddiford, 2012, Abdou et al., 2011, Abdou et al., 2011, Dubrovsky et al., 2011, Li et al., 2011, Baumann et al., 2010, Baumann et al., 2010, Riddiford et al., 2010, Zhang et al., 2010, Liu et al., 2009, Barry et al., 2008, Flatt et al., 2008, Jindra and Konopova, 2008, Jindra and Flatt, 2007.4.13, Wang et al., 2007, Flatt et al., 2006, Godlewski et al., 2006, Wilson et al., 2006, Wilson et al., 2006, Flatt and Kawecki, 2005, Flatt et al., 2005, Miura et al., 2005, ffrench-Constant et al., 2004, Flatt and Kawecki, 2004, Adam et al., 2003, Wilson et al., 2003, Wilson et al., 2002, Wilson et al., 2001, Gilbert et al., 2000, Gruntenko et al., 2000, Gruntenko et al., 2000, Pursley et al., 2000, Gruntenko et al., 1999, Pursley et al., 1999, Wilson et al., 1999, Ashok et al., 1998, Feyereisen, 1998, Hahn, 1998, Restifo and Wilson, 1998, Wilson and Ashok, 1998, Wilson et al., 1998, Wilson et al., 1997, Wilson, 1996, Henrich and Brown, 1995, Turner and Wilson, 1995, Morton, 1993, Riddiford, 1993, Segal, 1993, Minkoff and Wilson, 1992, Riddiford and Ashburner, 1991, Shemshedini and Wilson, 1990, Shemshedini et al., 1990, Wilson and Fabian, 1986)
                        Met/Met1
                        (Cheng et al., 2014)
                        Mett
                        Rst(1)JH
                        (Jeon et al., 2008, Jindra and Flatt, 2007.4.13, Ledent and Vervoort, 2001, Schneider, 2000, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
                        bHLHe59
                        (Stevens et al., 2008)
                        met
                        (Lindsey et al., 2025, Frat et al., 2023, Zhao et al., 2020, ffrench-Constant et al., 2006, Wheeler and Nijhout, 2003)
                        Name Synonyms
                        Methoprene-tolerant
                        (Shafer, 2025, He et al., 2017, Schwenke and Lazzaro, 2017, Bontonou et al., 2015, Mirth et al., 2014, Koyama et al., 2013, Riddiford, 2012, Abdou et al., 2011, Abdou et al., 2011, Riddiford et al., 2010, Liu et al., 2009, Barry et al., 2008, Jindra and Flatt, 2007.4.13, Wang et al., 2007, Godlewski et al., 2006, Wilson et al., 2006, Beno et al., 2005, Flatt et al., 2005, Miura et al., 2005, ffrench-Constant et al., 2004, Wheeler and Nijhout, 2003, Wilson et al., 2003, Wilson et al., 2002, Wilson et al., 1998, Wilson et al., 1997, Wilson, 1996, Turner and Wilson, 1995)
                        Methoprene-tolerant protein
                        (Greb-Markiewicz et al., 2011)
                        Resistance (1) Juvenile H
                        (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
                        Resistance to Juvenile Hormone
                        (Jindra and Flatt, 2007.4.13, Flatt et al., 2005)
                        juvenile hormone resistance
                        (Wilson, 1997.11.17)
                        methoprene tolerant
                        (Morton, 1993)
                        methoprene-tolerant
                        (Liu et al., 2014, Dubrovsky et al., 2011, Bitra and Palli, 2009, Flatt et al., 2008, Jindra and Flatt, 2007.4.13, Flatt et al., 2006)
                        Secondary FlyBase IDs
                          Datasets (0)
                          Study focus (0)
                          Experimental Role
                          Project
                          Project Type
                          Title
                          Study result (0)
                          Result
                          Result Type
                          Title
                          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 38 )
                          Sequence Crossreferences
                          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                          Other crossreferences
                          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                          Linkouts
                          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                          References (214)