FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\snf
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\snf
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
sans fille
Annotation Symbol
CG4528
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0003449
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
14 publicly available
Gene Summary
sans fille (snf) encodes a protein component of U1 and U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). U1 and U2 snRNPs combine with other snRNPs on the pre-mRNA to assemble a spliceosome. It contributes to alternative splicing regulation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

fs(1)1621, fs(1)A1621, liz, splicing necessary factor, U1A

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
4F4-4F4
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-11
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:5309242..5310501
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (21 terms)
Molecular Function (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables poly(U) RNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Hu et al., 2009)
enables pre-mRNA intronic pyrimidine-rich binding
inferred from direct assay
(Hu et al., 2009)
enables snRNA stem-loop binding
inferred from direct assay
(Williams and Hall, 2010)
enables U1 snRNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Williams and Hall, 2010, Hu et al., 2009)
enables U2 snRNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Williams and Hall, 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables nucleic acid binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR035979
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables RNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000504
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables U1 snRNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000052389
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in oogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Swan et al., 2001)
involved_in regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
inferred from direct assay
(Hu et al., 2009)
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
(Park et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in female germ-line sex determination
non-traceable author statement
(Williamson and Lehmann, 1996)
involved_in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000052389
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000000323
(Mount and Salz, 2000)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000001448
(Mount and Salz, 2000)
inferred by curator from GO:0071011,GO:0071013
(Herold et al., 2009)
involved_in primary sex determination, soma
non-traceable author statement
(Schutt and Nothiger, 2000)
involved_in RNA splicing
traceable author statement
(Niessen et al., 2001, Schutt and Nothiger, 2000)
Cellular Component (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of catalytic step 2 spliceosome
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Herold et al., 2009)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Swenson et al., 2016)
part_of precatalytic spliceosome
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Herold et al., 2009)
part_of protein-containing complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Sxl; FB:FBgn0264270
(Kalifa et al., 2009)
part_of ribonucleoprotein complex
inferred from direct assay
(Hu et al., 2009)
part_of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex
inferred from direct assay
(Polycarpou-Schwarz et al., 1996)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred by curator from GO:0000381
(Park et al., 2004)
traceable author statement
(Niessen et al., 2001)
part_of U1 snRNP
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000000323
(Mount and Salz, 2000)
part_of U2 snRNP
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000001448
(Mount and Salz, 2000)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the RRM U1 A/B'' family. (P43332)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
sans fille (snf) encodes a protein component of U1 and U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). U1 and U2 snRNPs combine with other snRNPs on the pre-mRNA to assemble a spliceosome. It contributes to alternative splicing regulation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
U1 SMALL NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN PARTICLE -
The U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (U1 snRNP) contains U1 snRNA and initiates spliceosome assembly by binding to the 5' splice site in pre-mRNA. (Adapted from PMID:11206553 and PMID:21441581).
U2 SMALL NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN PARTICLE -
The U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (U2 snRNP) contains U2 snRNA. It is recruited to the spliceosome after U1 snRNP and forms a stable interaction with the branch site and 3' splice site in pre-mRNA. (Adapted from PMID:23829528 and PMID:21441581).
SPLICEOSOME COMPLEX A -
Nuclear pre-mRNA splicing is catalyzed by the spliceosome which assembles in a step-wise manner. Complex A, the pre-spliceosome, is composed of U1 and U2 snRNPs and proteins involved in recognition of the 5' splice site and branch point. (Adapted from PMID:24452469 and PMID:23118483).
SPLICEOSOME COMPLEX B -
Nuclear pre-mRNA splicing is catalyzed by the spliceosome which assembles in a step-wise manner. After the assembly of complex A on pre-mRNA, the U4-U6 and U5 snRNPs are recruited as a preassembled tri-snRNP to form complex B. U5 snRNP binds exons at the 5' site. (Adapted from PMID:24452469 and PMID:23118483).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Binds stem loop II of U1 snRNA. It is the first snRNP to interact with pre-mRNA. This interaction is required for the subsequent binding of U2 snRNP and the U4/U6/U5 tri-snRNP (By similarity). Plays a role in regulating sex-lethal splicing.
(UniProt, P43332)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
fs(1)A1621
Homozygous females viable but semisterile; males normal. Young females produce ova which can be fertilized and develop normally into adults. Older females cease production of oocytes, producing at first only pseudo nurse cells and subsequently tumorous germaria containing hundreds or thousands of cells of apparently germinal origin. Tumorogenesis takes place earlier at higher temperatures. fs(1)A1621/Df(1)C159 hemizygous for mutant; more temperature sensitive; the germ-line phenotype more severe than in homozygote but viability seems unaffected (Gollin and King). Mosaic studies suggest that gene function is germ line autonomous (Wieschaus et al.; Perrimon and Gans); however, the leakiness of the mutant phenotype introduced an element of ambiguity, raising the possibility of a somatic contribution to oogenesis as well. Interactions with Sxl alleles studied by Cline (1989), Steinmann-Zwicky (1988), and Oliver et al. (1988). Fertility of fs(1)A1621 homozygotes is rescued by the presence of SxlM1. Trans heterozygotes of fs(1)A1621 or Df(1)HC244 with Sxlf1 show very low viability when fs(1)A1621 is inherited from the female; survivors are sterile and show patchy transformations to maleness, such as sex-comb bristles and pigmentation of tergites 5 and 6. Viability of heterozygotes produced by the reciprocal cross also reduced but less so; surviving heterozygotes display reduced fertility. Viability effects appear to arise mostly from a maternal effect of the gene, whereas masculinizing and sterility effects result from decreased zygotic expression. The maternal effect of fs(1)A1621 also reduces survival of Sxlf1/+ daughters; survival is cold sensitive. The presense of SxlM1 rescues fs(1)A1621/Sxlf1 females; Df(1)HC244, SxlM1/Sxlf1 are viable and fertile without male transformations. SxlM1 is also able to rescue Sxlf1/+ from the maternal effect of fs(1)A1621/+, and fs(1)A1621 is able to rescue male viability and fertility of SxlM1 in fs(1)A1621 SxlM1 double mutants. In contrast to the sis genes, which also interact with Sxl, the zygotic dose of fs(1)A1621 has little or no influence on the sexual phenotype of 2X;3A animals; moreover, fs(1)A1621 interacts little if at all with sis-a. Thus although fs(1)A1621+ clearly has a positive involvement in Sxl+ functions, its precise placement in the sex determination hierarchy is currently unclear. It has been suggested that it is involved in the positive autoregulatory aspect of Sxl function that maintains female development. Females heterozygous for fs(1)A1621 and either ovoD1, ovoD2, or ovoD3 have ovarian tumors (Oliver, Pauli, and Mahowald, 1990, Genetics 125: 535-50).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

splicing factor - a crucial component of the spliceosome - regulates alternative splicing - a protein component of U1 and U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) - U1 and U2 snRNPs combine with other snRNPs on the pre-mRNA to assemble a spliceosome - involved in Sex-lethal splicing and consequently in sex determination

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\snf for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P43332)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
snf-RA
FBtr0070748
NM_078490
835
216
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

1.0 (northern blot)

(Flickinger and Salz, 1994)

0.806 (longest cDNA)

(Harper et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
snf-PA
FBpp0070716
24.5
216
10.34
P43332
NP_511045
AAF46017
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

216 (aa); 28 (kD)

(Flickinger and Salz, 1994)

216 (aa); 25 (kD)

(Harper et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Belongs to the spliceosome where it is associated with snRNP U1. Interacts with the SMN complex.

(UniProt, P43332)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\snf using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.95

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | female
(Flickinger and Salz, 1994)
adult stage | male
(Flickinger and Salz, 1994)
Additional Descriptive Data

snf transcripts are expressed in both males and females.

(Flickinger and Salz, 1994)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
(Flickinger and Salz, 1994)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
• membrane
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data

snf protein is detected in all tissues throughout most of development.

(Flickinger and Salz, 1994)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of catalytic step 2 spliceosome
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Herold et al., 2009)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Swenson et al., 2016)
part_of precatalytic spliceosome
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Herold et al., 2009)
part_of protein-containing complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Sxl; FB:FBgn0264270
(Kalifa et al., 2009)
part_of ribonucleoprotein complex
inferred from direct assay
(Hu et al., 2009)
part_of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex
inferred from direct assay
(Polycarpou-Schwarz et al., 1996)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\snf in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 8 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of snf
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of snf
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 32 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 32 )
Gene duplicated in
Dp(1;2)4FRDup
(Hager and Cline, 1997)
Dp(1;2)w+64b
(Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988)
Gene disrupted in
Df(1)BSC533
(Christensen et al., 2008.6.11)
Df(1)BSC823
(Christensen et al., 2009.6.15)
Df(1)cho19
(Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988)
Df(1)DEB4D
(Salz, 1992)
Df(1)HC244
(Salz, 1992, Oliver et al., 1988, Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988, Steinmann-Zwicky and Nothiger, 1985)
Df(1)HF366
(Oliver et al., 1988)
Df(1)J210
(Salz and Flickinger, 1996, Flickinger and Salz, 1994)
Df(1)JA2
(Salz and Flickinger, 1996, Flickinger and Salz, 1994)
Df(1)JC70
(Granadino et al., 1992, Salz, 1992, Oliver et al., 1988)
Df(1)ovo15
(Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988)
Df(1)ovo41
(Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988)
Df(1)ovo44
(Salz, 1992, Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988)
Df(1)PR110
(Flickinger and Salz, 1994)
Df(1)rb30
(Oliver et al., 1988)
Gene not disrupted in
Df(1)bi-D2
(Oliver et al., 1988)
Df(1)bi-DL5
(Oliver et al., 1988)
Df(1)C149
(Oliver et al., 1988)
Df(1)GA56
(Oliver et al., 1988)
Df(1)GA102
(Oliver et al., 1988)
Df(1)N73
(Oliver et al., 1988)
Df(1)ovo4
(Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988)
Df(1)ovo6
(Salz, 1992, Oliver et al., 1988)
Df(1)ovo7
(Salz, 1992, Oliver et al., 1988)
Df(1)ovo14
(Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988)
Df(1)rb1
(Oliver et al., 1988)
Df(1)rb13
(Oliver et al., 1988)
Df(1)rb33
(Oliver et al., 1988)
Df(1)rb46
(Oliver et al., 1988)
Df(1)rb47
(Oliver et al., 1988)
Df(1)RC40
(Salz, 1992, Oliver et al., 1988, Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988)
Inferred from location ( 12 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (49)
Hsap\SNRPA
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\SNRPB2
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
2  
Hsap\CELF4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CELF5
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ELAVL1
1 of 14
No
No
3  
Hsap\ELAVL2
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\ELAVL3
1 of 14
No
No
3  
Hsap\ELAVL4
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\EWSR1
1 of 14
No
No
4  
Hsap\FUS
1 of 14
No
No
84  
Hsap\HNRNPLL
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NIFK
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NONO
1 of 14
No
No
4  
Hsap\PABPC1
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\PABPC1L
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PABPC3
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PABPC4
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PABPC5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PPIE
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PSPC1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PTBP1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PTBP2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PTBP3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RBFOX3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RBM11
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RBM23
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RBM39
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RBM41
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\RBMXL3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RBMY1A1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RBMY1B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RBMY1C
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RBMY1D
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RBMY1E
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RBMY1F
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RBMY1J
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RBPMS2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\RBPMS
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\RNPC3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SART3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SF3B6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SRSF1
1 of 14
No
No
20  
Hsap\SRSF2
1 of 14
No
No
0  
Hsap\SRSF8
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SRSF10
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SRSF12
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TIA1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TIAL1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZCRB1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (27)
Rnor\Snrpa
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Snrpb2
12 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Celf5
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Elavl2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Elavl3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Elavl4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Hnrnpll
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pabpc1l
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pabpc1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pabpc4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ptbp1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ptbp2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ptbp3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rbm11
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rbm28
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rbm39
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rbm41
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rbpms2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rbpms
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Sart3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Sf3b6
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Smptb
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Srsf2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Srsf10
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Srsf12
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Tia1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zcrb1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (34)
Mmus\Snrpa
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Snrpb2
11 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Celf5
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Elavl2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Elavl3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Elavl4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm3376
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm4064
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm10256
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gm10352
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm21677
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm21693
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm21704
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm21708
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Hnrnpll
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ncl
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pabpc1l
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pabpc1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pabpc4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ptbp1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ptbp2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ptbp3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rbm11
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rbm39
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rbm41
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rbmy
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rbpms2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rbpms
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rnpc3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Sf3b6
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Srsf2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Srsf10
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Tia1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zcrb1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (21)
Xtro\snrpa
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\snrpb2
7 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\adh7
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\bahd1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\eif3g
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\elavl1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\elavl2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\elavl3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\elavl4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hnrnpll
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mrps9
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ncoa4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nono
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pabpc1l
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ptbp1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rbm15
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rbm42
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rbm47
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\sf3b6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\tia1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\zcrb1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (37)
Drer\snrpa
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\snrpb2
10 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\celf3b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\celf5a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\celf5b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\elavl1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\elavl2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\elavl3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\elavl4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\g3bp1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\hnrnpd
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ncl
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pabpc1l
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pabpc4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ptbp1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ptbp1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ptbp2a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ptbp2b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ptbp3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbfox3a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbfox3b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbm4.3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbm15b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbm39a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbm39b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbm42
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbm47
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbmx
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rbpms2a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbpms2b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbpms
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rnpc3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\sf3b6
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\srsf2b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\srsf9
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\srsf10b
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\tia1l
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (20)
Cele\rnp-2
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\rnp-3
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\etr-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\mec-8
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\nifk-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\pab-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\pab-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\ptb-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\R06C1.4
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\rbm-3.1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\rbm-39
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\rnp-7
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\rnp-9
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\rsp-6
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\sftb-6
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\sig-7
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\sup-26
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\tiar-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\tiar-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\Y57G11A.5
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (21)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011637
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005296
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000965
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000977
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001419
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001883
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002335
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002780
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003899
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003945
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005292
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006798
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007325
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008136
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008433
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009142
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009742
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009952
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010918
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011884
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP013145
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (54)
Atha\AT1G06960
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\U1A
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\U2B''
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT1G09230
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G21320
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT1G76940
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT1G01080
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G60000
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G14870
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G21440
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G42240
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G13700
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G21215
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G12640
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G04600
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G08695
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G12190
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G19350
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G41690
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\ATRBP45C
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AtRZ-1c
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CP33
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CYP59
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\EIF3G1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\EIF3G2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\FPA
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GR-RBP3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ML1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ML2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\ML3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ML4
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ML5
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\PAB1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PAB2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PAB3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PAB4
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PAB5
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PAB6
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PAB7
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PAB8
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PTB1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PTB2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RBP45A
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RBP45B
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RBP47A
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RBP47B
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RS31
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\SC35
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\SR30
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\SR34
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\SR34b
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\SUA
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\TEL2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\U11/U12-31K
1 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (10)
Scer\MSL1
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\MUD1
3 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\MRD1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\NAM8
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\NGR1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\NRD1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\NSR1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\RNA15
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\WHI3
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\WHI4
1 of 13
No
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (16)
Spom\usp102
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\msl1
5 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\crp79
1 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\csx1
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\mde7
1 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\msa1
1 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\mug24
1 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\pabp
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\prp2
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\sab14
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\scw1
1 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\SPAC328.05
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\SPBC23E6.01c
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\SPBP22H7.02c
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\spo5
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\srp1
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:snf. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (21)
bru3
1 of 13
Caper
1 of 13
CG10466
1 of 13
CG15570
1 of 13
CG34354
1 of 13
cpo
1 of 13
elav
1 of 13
fne
1 of 13
heph
1 of 13
miso
1 of 13
nito
1 of 13
Rbp1
1 of 13
Ref1
1 of 13
Rox8
1 of 13
Sf3b6
1 of 13
sm
1 of 13
sqd
1 of 13
Sxl
1 of 13
Syp
1 of 13
tra2
1 of 13
trv
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    snf148
    model of  germ cell cancer
    CEA
    (Chau et al., 2009)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    snf148
    model of  germ cell cancer
    is ameliorated by CycB2
    (Chau et al., 2009)
    is ameliorated by SxlcF1.otu
    (Chau et al., 2009)
    snfJ210
    exacerbates  tauopathy
    modeled by Hsap\MAPTV337M.UAS
    (Hsieh et al., 2019)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    SNRPA; small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A
    12 of 14
    182285
         
        SNRPB2; small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide B2
        12 of 14
        603520
             
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
            Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
            protein-protein
            Physical Interaction
            Assay
            References
            snf
            cosedimentation, molecular weight, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, reverse transcription pcr
            (Johnson et al., 2010, Hu et al., 2009)
            snf - CG31211
            two hybrid
            (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
            snf - Drep2
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Andlauer et al., 2014)
            snf - Phf5a
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016)
            snf - SNRPG
            experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
            snf - Sf3a1
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016)
            snf - Sf3a2
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016)
            snf - Sf3b1
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016)
            snf - Sf3b2
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016)
            snf - Sf3b3
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016)
            snf - Sf3b5
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016)
            snf - Sf3b6
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016)
            snf - SmB
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016)
            snf - SmD1
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016)
            snf - SmD2
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
            (Stegeman et al., 2016, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
            snf - SmD3
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016)
            snf - SmE
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016)
            snf - SmF
            experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
            snf - Spf45
            anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
            (Chaouki and Salz, 2006)
            snf - Spx
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016)
            snf - Sxl
            pull down, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, reverse transcription pcr
            (Johnson et al., 2010, Hu et al., 2009, Kalifa et al., 2009, Penn et al., 2008)
            snf - Thg
            two hybrid
            (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
            snf - U2A
            anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, nuclear magnetic resonance, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, pull down, two hybrid, experimental knowledge based, x-ray crystallography
            (Weber et al., 2018, Stegeman et al., 2016, Williams and Hall, 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Johnson et al., 2010, Penn et al., 2008, Chaouki and Salz, 2006, Nagengast and Salz, 2001)
            snf - eIF4E1
            anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
            (Graham et al., 2011)
            snf - fl(2)d
            anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
            (Penn et al., 2008)
            snf - noi
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
            (Stegeman et al., 2016)
            snf - pps
            pull down, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid
            (Johnson et al., 2010)
            snf - snRNP-U1-70K
            experimental knowledge based, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
            (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Johnson et al., 2010)
            snf - snRNP-U1-C
            experimental knowledge based
            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
            RNA-protein
            Physical Interaction
            Assay
            References
            snf
            cosedimentation, molecular weight, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, reverse transcription pcr
            (Johnson et al., 2010, Hu et al., 2009)
            snf - Sxl
            pull down, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, reverse transcription pcr
            (Johnson et al., 2010, Hu et al., 2009, Kalifa et al., 2009, Penn et al., 2008)
            snf - snRNA:U1:21D
            isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, x-ray crystallography, fluorescence technology, inferred by author, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot, nuclear magnetic resonance, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, filter binding, autoradiography, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, surface plasmon resonance
            (Weber et al., 2018, Williams and Hall, 2014, Gonsalvez et al., 2010, Williams and Hall, 2010, Hu et al., 2009, Nagengast and Salz, 2001)
            snf - snRNA:U1:82Eb
            nuclear magnetic resonance, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, x-ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, northern blot
            (Weber et al., 2018, Gonsalvez et al., 2010, Nagengast and Salz, 2001)
            snf - snRNA:U1:95Ca
            anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, surface plasmon resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, filter binding, autoradiography, x-ray crystallography, northern blot, electrophoretic mobility shift assay
            (Weber et al., 2018, Gonsalvez et al., 2010, Williams and Hall, 2010, Hu et al., 2009, Nagengast and Salz, 2001)
            snf - snRNA:U1:95Cb
            electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, nuclear magnetic resonance, surface plasmon resonance, x-ray crystallography, filter binding, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, northern blot
            (Weber et al., 2018, Gonsalvez et al., 2010, Williams and Hall, 2010, Hu et al., 2009, Nagengast and Salz, 2001)
            snf - snRNA:U1:95Cc
            x-ray crystallography, filter binding, autoradiography, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot, surface plasmon resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
            (Weber et al., 2018, Gonsalvez et al., 2010, Williams and Hall, 2010, Hu et al., 2009, Nagengast and Salz, 2001)
            snf - snRNA:U2:14B
            fluorescence technology, nuclear magnetic resonance, filter binding, autoradiography, predetermined participant, inferred by author, isothermal titration calorimetry, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot
            (Weber et al., 2018, Williams and Hall, 2014, Williams and Hall, 2010, Nagengast and Salz, 2001)
            snf - snRNA:U2:34ABa
            fluorescence technology, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, filter binding, autoradiography, nuclear magnetic resonance
            (Weber et al., 2018, Williams and Hall, 2010, Nagengast and Salz, 2001)
            snf - snRNA:U2:34ABb
            nuclear magnetic resonance, fluorescence technology, filter binding, autoradiography, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot
            (Weber et al., 2018, Williams and Hall, 2010, Nagengast and Salz, 2001)
            snf - snRNA:U2:34ABc
            filter binding, autoradiography, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot, fluorescence technology, nuclear magnetic resonance
            (Weber et al., 2018, Williams and Hall, 2010, Nagengast and Salz, 2001)
            snf - snRNA:U2:38ABa
            isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot, filter binding, autoradiography, fluorescence technology, nuclear magnetic resonance
            (Weber et al., 2018, Williams and Hall, 2010, Nagengast and Salz, 2001)
            snf - snRNA:U2:38ABb
            nuclear magnetic resonance, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, fluorescence technology, filter binding, autoradiography
            (Weber et al., 2018, Williams and Hall, 2010, Nagengast and Salz, 2001)
            snf - tra
            anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, reverse transcription pcr
            (Johnson et al., 2010)
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            External Data
            Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
            Belongs to the spliceosome where it is associated with snRNP U1. Interacts with the SMN complex.
            (UniProt, P43332 )
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyBase
            External Links
            External Data
            Linkouts
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            Class of Gene
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            X
            Recombination map
            1-11
            Cytogenetic map
            4F4-4F4
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            4F4-4F4
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP425 and P{EP}CG3249EP1400
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            4F2-4F2
            (Swan et al., 2001)
            Determined by deficiency mapping (details unspecified).
            (Swan et al., 2001)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            1-11

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            1-13.4

            (Comeron et al., 2012)

            1-11.7

            Left of (cM)
            (Salz, 1994.12.6)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (14)
            Genomic Clones (11)
             

            Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

            cDNA Clones (25)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments

                The gene products of U2A and snf are co-immunoprecipitated by antibodies to either protein, demonstrating that like their yeast and human counterparts they heterodimerize in vivo. A mutation in the U2A binding motif of snf reduces the amount of heterodimer formation but does not abolish it completely. The U2A binding motif from snf is only essential for heterodimer formation in the absence of the C-terminal end of the protein. The RNA binding specificity domain of snf is essential for interaction with U2A. The U2A gene product incorporation into U2 snRNP does not depend on dimerization of the U2A and snf gene products.

                (Nagengast and Salz, 2001)

                The interaction of Sxl protein with snf protein is mediated by the R1 RRM (RNA recognition motif) domain of Sxl.

                (Samuels et al., 1998)

                An increase in the dose of snf+ can trigger the female Sxl RNA splicing mode in male germ cells and can feminise triploid intersex (2X3A) germ cells.

                (Hager and Cline, 1997)

                Sxl protein is associated with snf protein in vitro and in vivo.

                (Deshpande et al., 1996)

                SNF is a component of both U1 and U2 snRNPs. In vitro SNF binds U1 snRNA on its own and U2 snRNA in the presence of Drosophila nuclear extract or human U2A' protein.

                (Polycarpou-Schwarz et al., 1996)

                Zygotic snf function is required for sexual differentiation and a cell vital process during postembryonic development. snf protein cooperates with the female-specific Sxl protein to block utilisation of the male-specific exon of the Sxl pre-mRNA.

                (Salz and Flickinger, 1996)

                In vitro binding assays demonstrate an RNA-dependent interaction between Sxl and snf proteins, crosslinking experiments demonstrate that this association has significance in vivo.

                (Deshpande et al., 1995)

                Alleles of snf can partially enhance the mutant phenotype of ovoD2/+ heterozygous ovaries.

                (Pauli et al., 1995)

                ovo, otu, snf and Sxl are not involved in the early events of germline sex determination, but are required later, during metamorphosis or in the adult for oogenesis.

                (Staab and Steinmann-Zwicky, 1995)

                Tumorous cells produced by snf mutants are capable of female-specific transcription and RNA processing indicating the ovarian cells retain some female identity. It is proposed that mutations do not cause male transformation of the female germ line but instead either cause an ambiguous sexual identity or block specific stages of oogenesis.

                (Bae et al., 1994)

                snf is an essential gene and an integral component of the machinery required for splice site recognition.

                (Flickinger and Salz, 1994)

                Mutants display germline hyperplastic phenotype.

                (Mechler, 1994)

                Double homozygous snf- SxlK1274-1 females are semi-lethal and survivors have tumorous egg chambers.

                (Sugimura et al., 1994)

                Partial germline sex transformation occurs in otu, snf, Sxl and bam ovarian tumors.

                (Wei et al., 1994)

                The wild type product of snf plays an important role in establishing female-specific RNA splicing of Sxl.

                (Albrecht and Salz, 1993)

                Mutations in snf block germline expression of Sxl.

                (Bopp et al., 1993)

                The genetic hierarchy regulating female germ-line sex determination includes tra, tra2, dsx, fu, otu, ovo, snf and Sxl. otu+, ovo+ and snf+ activities are required for female-specific Sxl+ pre-mRNA splicing within 2X germ-line cells.

                (Oliver et al., 1993)

                D25 is the Drosophila homologue of U1-A human protein despite its sequence similarity to U2-B human protein.

                (Harper et al., 1992)

                The snf locus displays a lethal synergistic interaction with Sxl. snf is a positive regulator of Sxl in the germline and soma.

                (Salz, 1992)

                An extra wild type copy of snf is not sufficient to rescue the female lethality of hhb.PP.

                (Parkhurst et al., 1990)

                Mutations in snf interact with Sxl.

                (Petchek and Salz, 1989)

                The interaction between snf and Sxl mutations reduces the viability of females heterozygous for Sxl. The mosaicism exhibited by flies heterozygous for snf and Sxl- suggests that the transformation of diplo-X tissues to male morphology is due to the interaction of snf and Sxl in the zygote.

                (Oliver et al., 1988)

                Homozygous females have small ovaries filled with undifferentiated germ cells and very rare oocytes with nurse cells. Females of the genotype Df(1)HC244, SxlM1/snf are fully fertile with normal looking ovaries, snf must act upstream of Sxl. Maternal snf gene product is involved in the activation of zygotic snf+ genes.

                (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988)
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of
                Additional comments
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: snf CG4528

                (Zhong, 1999.11)
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (24)
                Reported As
                Symbol Synonym
                CG4528
                (Meadows, 2017.1.11, Stegeman et al., 2016, Rosa-Ferreira et al., 2015, Andlauer et al., 2014, Page et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Herold et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, McIntyre et al., 2006, Mount and Salz, 2000)
                D25
                SNF
                (Weber et al., 2018, Andlauer et al., 2014, DeKoster et al., 2014, Williams and Hall, 2014, Williams et al., 2013, Kroiss et al., 2008, Chaouki and Salz, 2006, Gonsalvez et al., 2006, Nagengast and Salz, 2004, Nagengast et al., 2002, Labourier and Rio, 2001, Nagengast and Salz, 2001, Zaret and Wolffe, 2001, Cairns, 1998)
                SNF/D25
                (Price et al., 1998, Huang and Amero, 1997)
                Snf
                (Şentürk et al., 2019, Lakhotia, 2017, Moschall et al., 2017, Gonsalvez et al., 2010, Kalifa et al., 2009, Jolly and Lakhotia, 2006, Lakhotia, 2003, Orian et al., 2003, Svensson et al., 2003, Deshpande et al., 1999)
                U1-A
                (Labourier and Rio, 2001)
                U1A
                (Ding et al., 2026, Hsieh et al., 2019)
                U2 snRNP
                (Blencowe, 2000)
                U2 snRNP B'' protein
                (Santiago et al., 1995)
                U2B
                (Stegeman et al., 2016)
                dSNF
                (Weber et al., 2018)
                fs(1)1621
                (Mulligan, 2003, Mechler, 1994, Watson et al., 1994, Bopp et al., 1993, Parkhurst et al., 1990, Gateff and Mechler, 1989, Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988, Perrimon et al., 1986, Perrimon and Gans, 1983, Gateff, 1978)
                fs(1)A16121
                (Burtis, 1993)
                fs(1)A1621
                (Bernstein and Cline, 1994, Sugimura et al., 1994, Cline, 1993, Mechler, 1990)
                liz
                (McElreavey et al., 1993, Steinmann-Zwicky, 1992, Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988)
                snRNP B''
                (Paterson et al., 1991)
                snRNP-U1-A
                (Kwong et al., 2015)
                snf
                (Dyson et al., 2025, Mercer et al., 2025, Wang et al., 2025, Lee et al., 2024, Gong et al., 2021, Kao et al., 2021, Marr and Potter, 2021, Blatt et al., 2020, Hsieh et al., 2019, Hudry et al., 2019, Molnar et al., 2019, Primus et al., 2019, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Stegeman et al., 2016, Aradska et al., 2015, Fear et al., 2015, Khan et al., 2015, Shapiro-Kulnane et al., 2015, Oas et al., 2014, Olesnicky et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Li et al., 2013, Chau et al., 2012, Graham et al., 2011, Rohn et al., 2011, Johnson et al., 2010, Tastan et al., 2010, Williams and Hall, 2010, Chau et al., 2009, Christensen et al., 2009.6.15, Herold et al., 2009, Hu et al., 2009, Jiang et al., 2009, Sun and Cline, 2009, Chau et al., 2008, Christensen et al., 2008.6.11, Emberly et al., 2008, Penn et al., 2008, Siera and Cline, 2008, Johnson et al., 2007, Penn and Schedl, 2007, Svensson et al., 2007, Gawande et al., 2006, McIntyre et al., 2006)
                snf1621
                (Petchek and Salz, 1989)
                Name Synonyms
                Sans fille
                (Moschall et al., 2017, Andlauer et al., 2014, Gonsalvez et al., 2010, Williams and Hall, 2010)
                Sans-fille
                (Johnson et al., 2010, Hu et al., 2009, Kalifa et al., 2009)
                sans fille
                (Chau et al., 2009, Siera and Cline, 2008, Casper and Van Doren, 2006, Gawande et al., 2006, Labourier and Rio, 2001)
                simply not fertile
                splicing necessary factor
                (Hager and Cline, 1997, Flickinger and Salz, 1994)
                Secondary FlyBase IDs
                • FBgn0005667
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 48 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                References (226)