FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\snk

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\snk

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

snake

Annotation Symbol

CG7996

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0003450

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

5 publicly available

Gene Summary

snake (snk) encodes a secreted serine protease. It is a member of the protease cascade that generates the ligand that activates the receptor encoded by Tl. It contributes to establishment of the dorsal-ventral embryonic axis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Pathway
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

87D9-87D9

Sequence location

3R:13,040,165..13,042,770 [-]

Recombination map

3-53

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:13040165..13042770

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

Help me choose

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (5 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables serine-type endopeptidase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Steen et al., 2010, LeMosy et al., 2001)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables serine-type endopeptidase activity

inferred from sequence model

(Cao and Jiang, 2018, Ross et al., 2003)

Biological Process (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in dorsal/ventral axis specification

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ea; FB:FBgn0000533

(Chasan et al., 1992)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Spn27A; FB:FBgn0028990

(Ligoxygakis et al., 2003)

involved_in positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Misra et al., 1998)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Spn27A; FB:FBgn0028990

(Ligoxygakis et al., 2003)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Tl; FB:FBgn0262473

(Stein and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992)

inferred from direct assay

(LeMosy et al., 2001)

involved_in zymogen activation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(LeMosy et al., 2001)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in proteolysis

inferred from sequence model

(Ross et al., 2003)

Cellular Component (0 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

DORSAL GROUP

S1A SERINE PROTEASES - TRYPSIN-LIKE

Pathway (FlyBase)

Extracellular Spatzle Activating Pathway Core Components

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. CLIP subfamily. (P05049)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

DORSAL GROUP -: The Dorsal group genes encode components of the Toll pathway and were initially identified by maternal effect mutations resulting in the dorsalization of the embryo. (Adapted from FBrf0091014 and FBrf0223077).
S1A SERINE PROTEASES - TRYPSIN-LIKE -: Trypsin-like serine proteases of the S1A family are endopeptidases that cleave amide substrates following Arginine or Lysine at the P1 position. (Adapted from FBrf0239469).

Pathway (FlyBase)

Extracellular Spatzle Activating Pathway Core Components -: In Drosophila, activation of the Toll pathway is controlled by the generation of a cleaved, active, Toll-binding form of spatzle ligand. Proteolytic activation of spatzle ligand lies downstream of several zymogen activation cascades that are initiated by different cues. In dorsal-ventral patterning, localized activation of spz results in ventral nuclear accumulation of dl. During viral and fungal and gram positive bacterial immune challenge, zymogen cascades are activated by extracellular pattern recognition receptors or virulence factor-mediated cleavage of the zymogen persephone (psh). (Adapted from FBrf0091014 and FBrf0223077).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Component of the extracellular signaling pathway that establishes the dorsal-ventral pathway of the embryo. Three proteases; ndl, gd and snk process easter to create active easter. Active easter defines cell identities along the dorsal-ventral continuum by activating the spz ligand for the Tl receptor in the ventral region of the embryo.

(UniProt, P05049)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

snk: snake

Maternal effect lethal. Embryos produced by homozygous mothers show extreme dorsalized phenotype; only dorsally derived cuticle remains, resulting in a hollow tube of dorsal ectoderm. No paternal rescue, even by two doses of snk+; dorsalizes the expression of ftz such that entire ftz stripes in the blastoderm exhibit the wide dorsal conformation and do not narrow ventrally as is normal (Carroll, Winslow, Twombly, and Scott, 1987, Development 99: 327-32). Responds most strongly of all maternal dorsalized mutants to rescue by injection of cytoplasm and poly A+ RNA from wild-type embryos. Injection of wild-type cytoplasm or cytoplasm from other dorsalizing maternal-effect mutants into pre-pole-cell snake embryos fully restores the normal dorsal-ventral pattern, and more than 20% can develop into normal adults; the site of injection appears to be unimportant. Partial rescue also achieved by the injection of poly A+ but not poly A- RNA isolated from cleaving embryos.

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\snk for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure New Section

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P05049)

If you don't see the viewer to the right, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Multiphase exon postulated: exon reading frame differs in alternative transcripts.

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

snk-RA

FBtr0082716

NM_079614

1403

435

snk-RB

FBtr0112833

NM_001104296

1434

435

snk-RC

FBtr0334520

NM_001275596

1399

252

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

1.65 (northern blot)

(DeLotto and Spierer, 1986)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

snk-PA

FBpp0082184

48.5

435

7.75

NP_524338

AAF54897

snk-PB

FBpp0111746

48.5

435

7.75

NP_001097766

ABW08657

snk-PC

FBpp0306587

28.0

252

6.50

NP_001262525

AGB95907

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

435 aa isoforms: snk-PA, snk-PB

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

430 (aa)

(DeLotto and Spierer, 1986)

Comments

The carboxy terminus of snk protein has sequence similarity to serine proteases such as rat preproelastase and trypsinogen. The amino terminus has a short region of amino acid identity with troponin C, and a highly acidic region reminiscent of the calcium binding region of troponin C and calmodulin, suggesting that there may be a calcium-binding site near the amino terminus of snk.

(DeLotto and Spierer, 1986)

External Data

Domain

The clip domain consists of 35-55 residues which are 'knitted' together usually by 3 conserved disulfide bonds forming a clip-like compact structure.

(UniProt, P05049)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

MEROPS - An information resource for peptidases (also termed proteases, proteinases and proteolytic enzymes) and the proteins that inhibit them.

S01.200

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\snk using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

snk_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 9

Comment: reference states 0-4 hr AEL

(DeLotto and Spierer, 1986)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 9

organism

(Steen et al., 2010)

oogenesis stage S14

egg chamber

(Steen et al., 2010)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\snk in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\snk

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\snk

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

41607/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0003450

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0003450

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0003450

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003450

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of snk

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of snk

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 6 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 6 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3R)Exel8157

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(3R)ry36

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, DeLotto and Spierer, 1986, Clark and Chovnick, 1985, Anderson and Nusslein-Volhard, 1984)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(3R)kar-lG27

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Anderson and Nusslein-Volhard, 1984)

Df(3R)l26d

(DeLotto and Spierer, 1986)

Df(3R)LG27

(DeLotto and Spierer, 1986)

Tp(3;1)ry³⁵

(DeLotto and Spierer, 1986)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal | maternal effect

snk¹

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | germline clone | non-rescuable maternal effect | recessive

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

snk^GD16301

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Sterility

Allele

female sterile

snk²

Other Phenotypes

Allele

some die during embryonic stage | non-rescuable maternal effect | recessive

wild-type

snk^+t13.5

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

denticle belt | maternal effect (with snk¹)

snk²

denticle belt | maternal effect (with snk²)

snk¹

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.otu

snk^UASp.Tag:HA

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | ventral

snk^unspecified

filzkorper | maternal effect (with snk¹)

snk²

filzkorper | maternal effect (with snk²)

snk¹

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (4)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\CMA1

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\GZMA

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\GZMK

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\TMPRSS12

1 of 15

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (10)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Egfbp2

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\F12

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Gzmk

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Habp2

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Hgfac

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Mcpt4

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Plat

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Plau

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Prss12

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Tmprss12

1 of 15

Yes

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)

Rnor\Gzma

1 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Gzmk

1 of 13

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)

Xtro\gzma

1 of 12

Yes

Xtro\LOC100496550

1 of 12

Yes

Xtro\LOC101733035

1 of 12

Yes

Xtro\tmprss12

1 of 12

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (7)

Drer\gzma

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\gzmk

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\LOC101886682

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\si:dkey-9p24.5

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\si:dkey-21e2.10

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\si:dkey-78l4.13

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\tmprss12

1 of 15

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)

Cele\T22A3.6

1 of 15

Yes

Cele\try-3

1 of 15

Yes

Cele\try-4

1 of 15

Yes

Cele\try-5

1 of 15

Yes

Cele\try-9

1 of 15

Yes

Cele\try-10

1 of 15

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

No records found.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

No records found.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

No records found.

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (103)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

4 of 10

4 of 10

4 of 10

psh

3 of 10

3 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

MP1

2 of 10

scaf

2 of 10

SPE

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

snk - ea

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, western blot, inferred by author

(Cho et al., 2010, Dissing et al., 2001)

snk - gd

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, western blot, inferred by author

(Cho et al., 2012, Dissing et al., 2001)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

snk

enhanceable

pip

(Cho et al., 2010)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

66694

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003450

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Extracellular Spatzle Activating Pathway Core Components -: In Drosophila, activation of the Toll pathway is controlled by the generation of a cleaved, active, Toll-binding form of spatzle ligand. Proteolytic activation of spatzle ligand lies downstream of several zymogen activation cascades that are initiated by different cues. In dorsal-ventral patterning, localized activation of spz results in ventral nuclear accumulation of dl. During viral and fungal and gram positive bacterial immune challenge, zymogen cascades are activated by extracellular pattern recognition receptors or virulence factor-mediated cleavage of the zymogen persephone (psh). (Adapted from FBrf0091014 and FBrf0223077).

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Formation of the trans-membrane 'signalling complex'

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-53

Cytogenetic map

87D9-87D9

Sequence location

3R:13,040,165..13,042,770 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

87D9-87D9

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}CtBP⁰³⁴⁶³ and P{lacW}B52^s2249&P{lacW}flfl^L4179

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

87D10-87D12

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(DeLotto and Spierer, 1986)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-53

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-50.4

(Comeron et al., 2012)

3-52

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

3-52.1

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (5)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

3114

st¹ snk¹ e¹/TM8, l(3)DTS4¹

9037

mwh¹ snk⁴ red¹ e¹/TM6B, Tb¹

41723

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS02289}attP2

VDRC

v107337

P{KK109589}VIE-260B

v49539

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD16301}v49539

Genomic Clones (13)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (15)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

IP03044

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0003450

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003450

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

41607

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Tian and LeMosy, 2008)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

FlyBase curator comment: the insertion in the "e03379" Exelixis line (PBac{RB}CG11670^e03379) was originally assigned to the snk gene in FBrf0179797, resulting in the "snk^e03379" (FBal0158624) allele. However, FBrf0184340 shows that the insertion is actually within CG11670.

(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2004.11.6)

Other Comments

Embryonic extracts derived from a cross between snk mutant mothers and Oregon R males lack the 80 kD ea-Spn27A protein complex seen in wild type embryonic extracts.

(LeMosy, 2006)

Neither ea or snk are required for the control of Drs gene expression.

(Lemaitre et al., 1996)

The level of activated snk protease can define cell fates along the dorsal-ventral axis in a concentration-dependent manner. Asymmetric injection of activated snk protease into wild type embryos suggests that the embryos may generate a snk activation gradient with a high point on the ventral side and a low point on the dorsal side. snk and ea proteases are members of a sequential protease activation pathway, snk and ea interact with other components of the dorsal-ventral pathway.

(Smith and DeLotto, 1994)

The snk serine protease contains at least two functional domains in its proenzyme polypeptide chain. One domain, the DSN, is potentially important for the interaction of the snk product with other components of the dorsal-ventral signalling pathway.

(Smith et al., 1994)

Responds most strongly of all maternal dorsalized mutants to rescue by injection of cytoplasm and poly(A)⁺ RNA from wild-type embryos. Injection of wild-type cytoplasm or cytoplasm from other dorsalizing maternal-effect mutants into pre-pole-cell snake embryos fully restores the normal dorsal-ventral pattern and more than 20% can develop into normal adults; the site of injection appears to be unimportant. Partial rescue also achieved by the injection of polyA⁺ but not poly(A)^- RNA isolated from cleaving embryos.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

snk activity is involved in the production of the Tl ligand.

(Stein and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992)

In the absence of snk activity in the perivitelline fluid no Tl ligand is detected.

(Stein and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992)

Strong dorsalizing mutants of snk have wild type axial ratios in pupae.

(Letsou et al., 1991)

Mutations in maternal dorsal class gene snk do not interact with RpII140^wimp.

(Parkhurst and Ish-Horowicz, 1991)

Involved in the regulatory hierarchy responsible for the asymmetric distribution and function of zygotic regulatory gene products along the DV axis of early embryos.

(Rushlow and Levine, 1990)

Molecular cloning and analysis of snk.

(DeLotto and Spierer, 1986)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 45 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

41607

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

X04513

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P05049

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P05049

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P05049

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0003450

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

41607/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0003450

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

snk_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0003450

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0003450

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003450

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

101867

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

41607

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG7996

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

41607

MEROPS - An information resource for peptidases (also termed proteases, proteinases and proteolytic enzymes) and the proteins that inhibit them.

S01.200

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0003450

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

66694

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003450

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003450

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0003450

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0003450

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Formation of the trans-membrane 'signalling complex'

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG7996

(Veillard et al., 2016, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Zhang et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Shah et al., 2008, Irving et al., 2001)

SNK

(Tang et al., 2006)

SP26

(Ross et al., 2003)

Snk

(Merkle et al., 2020, Schloop et al., 2020, Cao and Jiang, 2018, Veillard et al., 2016, Mbodj et al., 2013, Lim and Thiery, 2012)

c-SP26

(Ross et al., 2003)

cSP26

(Cao and Jiang, 2018)

l(3)87Dg

me(3)4

snk

(Kumar et al., 2021, Alpar et al., 2018, Cho et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Lemaitre et al., 2012, Cho et al., 2010, Steen et al., 2010, Roeder et al., 2009, Stein et al., 2008, Tian and LeMosy, 2008, Tian and LeMosy, 2008, Baker et al., 2007, Leclerc et al., 2006, LeMosy, 2006, DeLotto, 2001)

Name Synonyms

Snake

(Veillard et al., 2016, Lindsay and Wasserman, 2014, Stein et al., 2010, Sukumari-Ramesh and LeMosy, 2009, Shah et al., 2008, Stein et al., 2008, Zhou et al., 2008, Christophides et al., 2002)

snake

(Lemaitre et al., 2012, Nam et al., 2012, Cho et al., 2010, Shah et al., 2008, Tian and LeMosy, 2008, Leclerc et al., 2006, LeMosy, 2006)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0015383

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

References (162)

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